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The Progressive The Progressive EraEra

USHC-4.6USHC-4.6USHC-4.6 Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive

Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams,

and Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

As the 1800’s came to a close many As the 1800’s came to a close many people’s life style was on the rise people’s life style was on the rise

However, immigrants and poor laborers However, immigrants and poor laborers continued to work under harsh conditions. continued to work under harsh conditions.

Local political machines controlled Local political machines controlled government and were often very corrupt. government and were often very corrupt.

***As a result people began to demand ***As a result people began to demand reforms in government, business, and reforms in government, business, and society in general. society in general.

The Progressive PeriodThe Progressive Period

Leading intellectual writers came on the Leading intellectual writers came on the scene during the Progressive Period. They scene during the Progressive Period. They ******wrote stories about government wrote stories about government corruption and problems with big corruption and problems with big businessbusiness. . MuckrakersMuckrakers The most famous The most famous Muckraker Muckraker was was

******Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair who wrote a book called who wrote a book called The Jungle. ***The Jungle. ***The book uncovered the The book uncovered the horrors in the meat packing industry. horrors in the meat packing industry.

It inspired President Roosevelt to clean up It inspired President Roosevelt to clean up the meat industry. the meat industry.

The Muckrakers The Muckrakers

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Progressivism was Progressivism was aided by the mediaaided by the media

““Muckrackers” investigated the Muckrackers” investigated the corporations and conditions of the corporations and conditions of the timestimes-The plight of the Native AmericansThe plight of the Native Americans-The worker and immigrantThe worker and immigrant

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***Women took a role in promoting ***Women took a role in promoting social reformsocial reform- now had the opportunity for - now had the opportunity for higher education at new women’s higher education at new women’s collegescolleges- new jobs at factories and offices- new jobs at factories and offices

The most important reform…The most important reform…VOTINGVOTING!!

Women in the Progressive EraWomen in the Progressive Era

In the 1870’s In the 1870’s Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony became became arguably the most well known leader arguably the most well known leader urging the peoples right to vote. urging the peoples right to vote.

She established the She established the National American National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) The The movement struggled until 1920 when the movement struggled until 1920 when the 1919thth Amendment Amendment giving women the right to giving women the right to vote nation wide. vote nation wide.

***First state to give women the right to ***First state to give women the right to vote was Wyoming!!!vote was Wyoming!!!

(West was more tolerant than the east)(West was more tolerant than the east)

The Women’s Suffrage The Women’s Suffrage MovementMovement

{{Founded the NAWSA (National Founded the NAWSA (National American Women’s Suffrage American Women’s Suffrage Association)Association)***Women campaigned on the idea ***Women campaigned on the idea that they would clean up society and that they would clean up society and gov.gov.

Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt

{{Formed the National Women’s Formed the National Women’s PartyPartyWanted an amendment to the Wanted an amendment to the ConstitutionConstitution-Engaged in marches and picketed -Engaged in marches and picketed the White Housethe White House

Alice PaulAlice Paul

1919thth Amendment- Amendment- gave gave women the right to vote women the right to vote in 1920in 1920

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Jane AddamsJane Addams

-Educated woman-Educated woman-***Established the Hull House in -***Established the Hull House in Chicago, for immigrants to take Chicago, for immigrants to take vocational classes receive childcare vocational classes receive childcare (settlement house)(settlement house)******Wanted protection for child Wanted protection for child laborerslaborers

Hull House in ChicagoHull House in Chicago

Time period was called Time period was called PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION (time of no (time of no alcohol)alcohol)

***18***18thth Amendment- Amendment- prohibited the making, prohibited the making, selling, or selling, or transporting of alcohol transporting of alcohol in the USin the US

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Sec 2: Political Sec 2: Political ReformReformProgressivism started at the city Progressivism started at the city and state leveland state level

***Gained support at the national ***Gained support at the national level with Pres. Theodore (Teddy) level with Pres. Theodore (Teddy) RooseveltRoosevelt

***First President to give support to ***First President to give support to rights of workersrights of workers

Since Lincoln’s death, corruption Since Lincoln’s death, corruption went up in the federal governmentwent up in the federal government

Many blamed Many blamed thethe ***spoils system- ***spoils system- gave government positions to gave government positions to political supporters, reward those political supporters, reward those who were loyalwho were loyal

Someone got so angry that he didn’t Someone got so angry that he didn’t get a position, he assassinated get a position, he assassinated President James GarfieldPresident James Garfield

The Spoils SystemThe Spoils System

Garfield’s death led to the Garfield’s death led to the Pendleton Act.Pendleton Act. This Act created the This Act created the Civil Service Civil Service

CommissionCommission- - applicants must pass an exam applicants must pass an exam to gain any official position in the to gain any official position in the governmentgovernment

Youngest president elected by 1901 and Youngest president elected by 1901 and full of changesfull of changes

Roosevelt’s first change was stopping the Roosevelt’s first change was stopping the Anthracite Coal Mine StrikeAnthracite Coal Mine Strike

Roosevelt threatens to use federal troops Roosevelt threatens to use federal troops unless the strike is settledunless the strike is settled

Next was his opposition to monopolies. Next was his opposition to monopolies. One of the most famous cases was One of the most famous cases was Northern Securities v. USNorthern Securities v. US

***Nicknamed the “Trust-buster” for ***Nicknamed the “Trust-buster” for breaking up monopoliesbreaking up monopolies

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

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***Bully Pulpit- ***Bully Pulpit- uses his presidency uses his presidency to end conflicts between management to end conflicts between management and employeesand employees

***Created the nations first National ***Created the nations first National Parks, so a conservationistParks, so a conservationist

***Created the Pure Food and Drug ***Created the Pure Food and Drug Act & the Meat Inspection Act Act & the Meat Inspection Act (inspired by the book “The Jungle”(inspired by the book “The Jungle”

After one term, Roosevelt stepped down and After one term, Roosevelt stepped down and his friend his friend William TaftWilliam Taft became President became President

Taft was not a reformer and let the Taft was not a reformer and let the Republican party divide due to issues with Republican party divide due to issues with tariffstariffs

***Roosevelt was angered by this and ***Roosevelt was angered by this and formed the formed the Progressive, or “Bull Moose” Progressive, or “Bull Moose” PartyParty

Since the Republicans were split between Since the Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt, Democrat won the Taft and Roosevelt, Democrat won the election election Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson in 1912in 1912

Taft, Wilson, and the Election of Taft, Wilson, and the Election of 19121912

Taft and WilsonTaft and Wilson

The Bull Moose Party….what does The Bull Moose Party….what does this cartoon say?this cartoon say?

Wilson helped create the ***Wilson helped create the ***Federal Federal Reserve ActReserve Act-oversaw the circulation of -oversaw the circulation of money and helped prevent bank failuresmoney and helped prevent bank failures

***Clayton Antitrust Act***Clayton Antitrust Act- Strikes and - Strikes and boycotts became legal (referred to as the boycotts became legal (referred to as the ‘Magna Carta of Labor’‘Magna Carta of Labor’

16th Amendment16th Amendment- - Federal government can Federal government can collect income taxescollect income taxes

17th Amendment17th Amendment- - Direct election of Direct election of senatorssenators

Wilson and his policiesWilson and his policies

Separation based on raceSeparation based on race Took place in restaurants, schools, Took place in restaurants, schools,

hospitals, etchospitals, etc ***Two kinds***Two kinds:: 1. 1. De jure-De jure- Based on lawBased on law 2. 2. De facto-De facto- done by economic/social done by economic/social

factorsfactors

SegregationSegregation

Booker T. Washington-Booker T. Washington- former slave, former slave, and founder of and founder of Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Institute

Believes blacks should be the master Believes blacks should be the master of trades to be treated as equals of trades to be treated as equals (farmers, construction, waiters, etc.)(farmers, construction, waiters, etc.)

Agrees with segregation, as Agrees with segregation, as mentioned in a speech in Atlanta: ‘be mentioned in a speech in Atlanta: ‘be as separate as fingers, yet one as the as separate as fingers, yet one as the hand…”hand…”

Notable African-Americans of Notable African-Americans of the Progressive Periodthe Progressive Period

Booker T WashingtonBooker T Washington

W.E.B. Du Bois-W.E.B. Du Bois- First black Ph.D. First black Ph.D. graduate from Harvardgraduate from Harvard

Does not agree with WashingtonDoes not agree with Washington Atlanta Compromise-Atlanta Compromise- Don’t settle for Don’t settle for

a trade, strive to get higher jobs, be a trade, strive to get higher jobs, be active in politicsactive in politics

Niagara Movement-Niagara Movement- Outline an Outline an agenda for African-American agenda for African-American progress in the USprogress in the US

Founder of the Founder of the National Association National Association for the Advancement of Colored for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)People (NAACP)

Du BoisDu Bois

A. A woman demanding the right to voteA. A woman demanding the right to vote B. A supporter of the temperance B. A supporter of the temperance

movementmovement C. A journalist writing about abuses in C. A journalist writing about abuses in

government and businessgovernment and business D. A woman with a hatchet attacking D. A woman with a hatchet attacking

saloons.saloons.

EOC SAMPLE QUESTIONSEOC SAMPLE QUESTIONS::

1. 1. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt Pres. Theodore Roosevelt would MOST likely use the term would MOST likely use the term “muckraker” to apply to which of “muckraker” to apply to which of the following? the following?

A. A supporter of the “Bull Moose” A. A supporter of the “Bull Moose” PartyParty

B. Those who believed in a laissez-B. Those who believed in a laissez-faire approach to economicsfaire approach to economics

C. A woman who believed she C. A woman who believed she deserved the right to votedeserved the right to vote

D. A former leader of the Populist D. A former leader of the Populist movementmovement

2. Of the following, which person 2. Of the following, which person would likely NOT have voted for the would likely NOT have voted for the Progressive Party in 1912?Progressive Party in 1912?

A. The Pendleton ActA. The Pendleton ActB. The Civil Service SystemB. The Civil Service SystemC. The spoils systemC. The spoils systemD. The “Wisconsin system”D. The “Wisconsin system”

3. The system which rewarded 3. The system which rewarded political supporters with political supporters with government positions was:government positions was:

A. It is OK to have separate schools for A. It is OK to have separate schools for blacks and whites, so long as both have blacks and whites, so long as both have qualified teachers.qualified teachers.

B. It is illegal to separate people by race B. It is illegal to separate people by race because it violates the spirit of the because it violates the spirit of the Constitution.Constitution.

C. African-Americans cannot be denied the C. African-Americans cannot be denied the right to voteright to vote

D. De Facto segregation is acceptable D. De Facto segregation is acceptable based on law.based on law.

4. Which of the following would be 4. Which of the following would be supported by the decision in supported by the decision in Plessy Plessy v. Fergusonv. Ferguson??

A. What occupations blacks should A. What occupations blacks should pursue in US societypursue in US society

B. The need for blacks to take steps to B. The need for blacks to take steps to better themselves and become better themselves and become economically independenteconomically independent

C. The need for blacks to be better C. The need for blacks to be better trained and educatedtrained and educated

D. The belief that whites enjoy certain D. The belief that whites enjoy certain advantages in societyadvantages in society

5. On which of the following 5. On which of the following points would W.E.B Du Bois likely points would W.E.B Du Bois likely DISAGREE with Booker T. DISAGREE with Booker T. Washington?Washington?