Revising useful structuresRevising useful structures

1. Underline the predicates in the sentences.1. Underline the predicates in the sentences.

1. James Cook was a great English navigator

and Pacific Ocean expedition leader.

2. He had not only an outstanding ability in

navigation and exploration, but also a real

concern for sailors’ health. He carried out

compulsory dietary reforms that were

copied by many other ship captains.

3. He had led three great Pacific voyages

during his life.

4. In his first Pacific voyage in 1769,

James Cook rounded Cape Horn, then

spent six months charting New

Zealand, and finally explored and

claimed possession of eastern

Australia.

5. In 1772, Captain Cook set sail to look

for a “theorized great southern

continent”. Although they could not

manage to reach Antarctica owing to

the ice, he predicted that if it did exist,

it would have to be a wasteland.

6. In 1776, Captain cook started his

third Pacific voyage, searching for

the Northwest Passage from the

Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean.

Unfortunately, he was killed in a

dispute with Hawaiian natives

and his men’s attempt at the Northwest

Passage was unsuccessful. However, this

voyage is still recognized as especially

significant in the history of the discovery

of the west coast of North America.

The Predicate

谓 语

Subject---Verb Agreement

主谓一致

谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。

及物动词不及物动词连系动词情态动词

动词可分为 :

需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词，及物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语或一个宾语带宾语补足语。例如：

及物动词

直接宾语 Children seek independence.

The trial raised a number of questions.

He has always liked Mr. Philips.

He made the shortest speech I have

ever heard.

A couple were having a drink at a

table by the window.

He took photographs of Vita in her

summer house.

直接宾语和间接宾语They gave us a wonderfully warm wel

come.

Mr. Schell wrote a letter the other da

y to the New York Times.

(… wrote the New York Times a lette

r.)

I took out the black box and handed

it to her. (…handed her the box.)

I had lent my apartment to a friend

for the weekend.

He left the note for her on the table.

一个宾语带宾语补足语Willis’s jokes made her uneasy.Last year they made him captain of the Team.The people named the place “Turbo Kutu”.I thought it right to go there without delay.Have you found it difficult to speak?

不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词Her whole body ached.Donald was lying on the bed.Bob coughed all night.All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. I will travel south this summer and won’t come back to my office until the end of August.

有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同形的名词，这叫同源宾语。They are living a peaceful life.

=They are living peacefully.

He died a heroic death.

=He died heroically.

The girl laughed a merry laugh.

=The girl laughed merrily.

He sighed a deep sigh.

=He sighed deeply.

许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。Gus asked me whether I’d like to have

dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.)

I accepted the invitation. (vt.)

He painted every day. (vi.)

He painted vivid portraits of friends an

d acquaintances. (vt.)

He ran as fast as he could. (vi.)

She ran a hotel in the centre of the cit

y. (vt.)

Father never smoked or drank all his l

ife. (vi.)

He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.)

At last she thanked them and left. (vi.)

All I know is that Michael and I never

left the house. (vt.)

连系动词虽具有词汇意义，但需要带有表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：The station seems a very small one.

They have remained loyal to the gover

nment.

Their hall was larger than his whole fl

at.

The task of inspecting it proved to be

exciting and interesting.

It sounds unnatural to us.

My memories of a London childhood

are happy ones.

His body was the color of bronze.

动词词组或称短语动词，可以扩展或改变动词的意义，它们的构成是：

· 动词 + 副词 Mary went away for a few days.· 动词 + 介词 The other day I came across a letter from Brunei written in the last year of his life.· 动词 + 副词 + 介词 You may have come up against unexpected difficulties.

情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语 I must leave very soon.

The rich ought to pay tuition fees for t

heir children.

You may have heard of him.

You should not have done so.

考点分析：1. At last ， we found ourselves in a pleasa

nt park with trees providing shade and ___ down to eat our picnic lunch ． A ． sitting B ． having sat C ． to sit D ． sat本题考查并列谓语的选择。 found 与 sat d

own 应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。

2. Professor Smith ， along with his assistants ， _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline ． A ． work B ． working C ． is working D ． are working本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语 +alon

g with/ with/ together with + n. / pron ．” 结构作主语时．其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。 因 Professor Smith 作主语，故应用单数谓语动词 is working 。

3. ---You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? ---I'm sorry I _____anything about it sooner. 1 certainly think it's pretty on you. A .wasn't saying B. don't say C. won't say D. didn't say

4. The evening news comes on at

seven o'clock and _____only

thirty minutes.

A. keeps B. completes

C. finishes D. lasts

5. ---Has Sam finished his homework

today?

---I have no idea. He_____ it this

morning.

A. did B. has done

C. was doing D. had done

6. The forest guards often find

campfires have not been

_____ completely.

A. turned down B. put out

C. put away D. had done

7. The first use of atomic weapons

was in 1945 and their power___

increased enormously ever since.

A. is B. was

C. has D. had been

8. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8

boys of her class, _____visiting a

museum when the earthquake

struck.

A. was B. were

C. had been D. would be

9. The flowers ______ sweet in the

botanic garden, which attracted

the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell B. smelled

C. smelling D. are smelled

10. Having a trip abroad is certainly

nice for old couples, but it

remains _____ whether they

will enjoy it.

A. to be seen B. to see

C. seeing D. seen

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ______ (keep) rising these days.2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _____________ (repair) at the garage. 3. What we used to think _______ (be) impossible does seem possible now. 4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____________ (declare) open, the whole world cheered.

keeps

is being repairedwas

were declared

5. The use of credit cards in place of cash ____________ (increase) in recent years.6. Newton _____________ (explain) the movements of the moon from the attraction of the earth.7. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ____________ (phone) to ask how I am going to spend the money.

has increasedhas explained

are phoning