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Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit-- Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

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Page 1: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Page 2: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Sentence

• A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and a verb and expressing a complete thought

– So, three things are needed for a sentence to be complete:

• Subject• Verb• Expresses a complete thought

Page 3: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Subject and Predicate

• A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject of the sentence is the part about which something is being said. The predicate is the part that says something about the subject.

Page 4: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Predicates

• The Simple Predicate and the Complete Predicate

– The predicate of a sentence is the part that says something about the subject.

– Its official name is the complete predicate

Page 5: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Predicates

• Within the complete predicate, there is always a word or a word group that is the main part of the predicate.

– Presents the key word in completing the statement about the subject

– This is called the simple predicate or verb.

Page 6: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Predicates

• Example – The students worked very hard

throughout the entire quarter.• worked very hard throughout the entire

quarter is the complete predicate• worked is the simple predicate

Page 7: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Predicates

• More difficult example:– Has Richie helped you?

• has helped you is the complete predicate• has helped is the simple predicate• The simple predicate consists of the entire

verb phrase

Page 8: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Predicates

• Another example:– The student will not fail this class.

• will not fail this class is the complete predicate

• will fail is the simple predicate

Page 9: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Subjects

• The Simple Subject and the Complete Subject

– The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said

– Its official name is the complete subject

Page 10: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Subjects

• Within the complete subject, there is always a word or a group of words that is the main part of the subject.

– It is called the simple subject

Page 11: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Subjects

• Example– A student with an impressive work

ethic will do well in class.• A student with an impressive work ethic is

the complete subject• A student is the simple subject

Page 12: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• The subject can appear at almost any point in the sentence

• The easiest way to find the subject is to find the verb first

Page 13: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• Example– Gum was placed on the desk

• The verb is was placed• Ask yourself who or what was placed?• The answer (gum) is the subject of the

sentence

Page 14: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• More difficult example– Beyond the classroom door walks an

assistant principal.• What is the verb?

– Walks• Ask yourself who is walking?• The answer (assistant principal) is the

subject of the sentence

Page 15: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• Very Helpful Hint– The subject is never in a prepositional

phrase

Page 16: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• Example– One of my friends plays on the team.

• What is the verb?– Plays

• Ask yourself who is doing the playing?– Friends?

Page 17: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

How to Find theSubject of a Sentence

• Not correct—friends functions as the object of the prepositional phrase (remember, a prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, any modifiers and the noun or pronoun which functions as the object of the prepositional phrase)

• The correct subject of the sentence is One

Page 18: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in an Unusual Position

• Sentences beginning with There or Here

– When the word there or here comes at the beginning of a sentence, it may appear to be the subject, but it is not.

– Remember to ask yourself who or what is doing the action

Page 19: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in anUnusual Position

• Example – There are two desks in the classroom.

• The verb is are• Ask yourself who or what are?• The answer: desks• The subject of the sentence is desks

Page 20: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in anUnusual Position

• Sentences that ask a question– Questions usually begin with a verb– Also, they frequently begin with words

like what, when, where, how and why.– The subject usually follows the verb

Page 21: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in anUnusual Position

• Examples– Why is he running?

• The subject is he

– How do you feel?• The subject is you

Page 22: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in anUnusual Position

• When questions begin with a helping verb, the subject always comes between the helping verb and the main verb.

– Remember to find the verb and ask who or what is doing the verb

Page 23: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

The Subject in anUnusual Position

• Example – Were the students late?

• The subject is students• Helpful Hint: You can turn questions into

statements in order to help you find the subject

• The students were late.

Page 24: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Sentences in Which theSubject is Understood

• In requests and commands, the subject is usually left out of the sentence.

• The subject of a command or request is you

– Understood but not expressed

Page 25: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Sentences in Which theSubject is Understood

• Example – Clean up this room!

• The verb is clean• Who is doing the cleaning?• The subject is you

– A subject of this kind is said to be understood.

Page 26: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs

• Compound Subject– Two or more subjects connected by

and or or and having the same verb are called a compound subject

Page 27: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs

• Example– The boy and the girl studied for the

test.• The verb is studied• Who studied?• The subject is boy and girl

– Compound subject

Page 28: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs

• Compound Verb– Two or more verbs joined by a

connecting word and having the same subject are called a compound verb

Page 29: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Compound SubjectsAnd Verbs

• Example – The students talked and whispered

during class.• The verbs are talked and whispered• Who talked and whispered?• The subject is students• talked and whispered are called a

compound verb

Page 30: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Assignment

• Please rewrite the following sentences. Underline the simple subject once and the simple predicate twice.

Page 31: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Assignment

1. There were eight students in class.2. My mom and dad enjoy driving

across country.3. The student studied for the test.4. When should we go to the

restaurant?5. Pick up your clothes.

Page 32: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Assignment

6. An article about the new plans for downtown was published in the newspaper.

7. He bought a broken C.D. player and installed it in his car.

8. During the summer months, many children participate in the summer reading program.

Page 33: Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and Predicates SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

Geschke--English IV Grammar Unit--Subjects and

Predicates

Assignment

9. Here are the missing pieces to the puzzle.

10. Only one of many students loudly proclaimed his protest to the cafeteria’s lunch menu.