Revised Paperworks of Group 2, IV - Galileo

8/11/2019 Revised Paperworks of Group 2, IV - Galileo

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Las Pias City National Science High SchoolCarnival Park St. BFRV, Talon II, Las Pinas City

i

CERTIFICATION

This research entitled An Attempt to Create a Perfumed Repellent for Cockroaches, prepared and

submitted by the students of Galileo of batch 2013-2014 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research

II, has been examined and is found to be acceptable in content and form, and recommended for oral defense.

________________________________

Ms. Maria Adelina P. Espiritu

Research II Adviser


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ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This research has been orally examined by the committee of panelists and is hereby APPROVED.

______________________________

Ms. Maria Adelina P. Espiritu

Research II Adviser


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iv

ABSTRACT

The research An Attempt to Create Perfumed Repellent for Cockroaches was conducted to formulate

an eco-friendly repellent out of herbs such as the chrysanthemum, bay leaves, and pandan leaves. The flower

and leaves were gathered within the limits of Las Pias City. Essential oils, vodka, and other kitchen utensils

were utilized. Then, the ingredients were boiled, steam, and mixed with the acquired measurements. On the first

set of treatments, only few reactions from the cockroaches were observed. In treatments 1, 2, 5, and 6 the

cockroaches were not repelled by the solution and no reaction was recorded. Treatments 1 and 2 used the first

said ingredients, while treatments 5 and 6 additionally used coconut oil and the extracts of pandan leaves were

removed. In treatments 3 and 4, the cockroaches observed were repelled and showed twitchy movements. On

the latest treatment, two cockroaches were repelled. Both showed twitchy reactions to the solution before

fleeing from the origin of scent of the solution.

In conclusion, the formulation of a perfumed repellent out of herbs, chrysanthemum and others

containing pyrethrin is possible. Moreover, further experimentation and testing should be done to ensure the

safety before allowed for human usage.


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v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATION.. ii

APPROVAL SHEET iii

ABSTRACT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATION vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. viii

CHAPTERT 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

Background of the Study................................................................................. 1

Objectives 2

Statement of the Problem. 2

Hypothesis 2

Significance of the Study. 3

Scope and Limitations...................................................................................... 3

Theoretical Framework 6

Conceptual Framework.................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8

Foreign Literature............................................................................................ 8

Local Literature... 11

Definition of Terms.......................................................................................... 13


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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY.. 15

Subjects/Respondents of the Study 15

Materials to be Used.. 15

Data Gathering Procedures 16

Experimental Design. 16

Sources of Data. 17

Locale of the Study.. 17

Procedure. 18

Results and Discussions. 19

Data Analysis 23

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA... 24

Interpretation of data. 24

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 27

Summary.. 27

Major Findings. 27

Conclusion. 28

Recommendations... 28

Bibliography... .................. 29

Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers .31


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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE

1.0 Time Table of the Research................. 4

2.0 Discussion on the Results and Details of each Trial............ 19

3.0 Descriptive Statistics.......... 24

3.1 Correlations.. 24

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, GRAPHS AND FIGURES

ILLUSTRATION TITLE

1.0 Plates..30

FIGURE TITLE

1.0 Representation of the Relationship of Variables.... 7

2.0 Representation of the Experimental Unit and Treatments.....17

GRAPHS TITLE

1.0 Repelled vs. Solution vs. Time Graph ....26


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vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to thank their friends and families for their unending support and words of

encouragement which helped them to continue the study. They also would like to express their gratitude to

their parents for providing them their financial needs to buy the materials and pieces of equipment that were

needed to conduct this research. Their parents were always beside them to guide them to do the tasks properly.

Also, they would like to acknowledge their research teachers, Ms. Adele Espiritu and Ms. Ruth

Bonagua, who were with them to guide them with their research paper from the beginning until the end. They

have been patient in teaching, to the researchers.

Last but not the least, they would like to express their greatest gratitude to the Almighty God, Jesus

Christ, who was always and forever there to guide the researchers in order for them to work with enthusiasm.


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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

German cockroaches, scientifically known as Blattodea or Blattaria, are household pests identified to be

carriers of different kinds of diseases such as diarrhea and other digestive ailments. They carry these diseases by

eating the contaminants of the original carrier. After digesting the contaminants, they become a carrier

themselves and spread it by touching what we humans digest. This is a reason why repellents were introduced

in the industry. With the use of these insect repellents, pests are driven away and the risks of having insect-

borne diseases are minimized.

The researchers came up with this research to make a perfumed repellent that will help in reducing diseases

carried by insects like cockroach in households. This study will contribute in the field of Botany.

Repellents are now a necessity to keep our house safe from insects. However, these kinds of repellents

often use chemicals which are harmful to human health. Also, these repellents, when applied, leave a bad odor

to our houses and it takes a few minutes for the smell to be removed. Here in the Philippines, there are vast

herbal plants that smell pleasingly to our noses. Thus, the researchers thought of a way to synthesize a repellent

which is composed mostly of natural herbs.


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Objectives

The specific objective of this research is to formulate a perfumed repellent for cockroaches.

The general objectives of this study are:

1. To be able to create a perfume that is based more on herbal rather than chemical ingredients.

2. To formulate a perfume solution that is human friendly.

Statement of the problem

From the study, the researchers have observed the following as major problems:

1. Effectiveness of natural herbs in making a perfumed repellent against cockroach manifestation.

2. Amount of extract of natural herbs to produce the fragrance needed in making a perfumed repellent.

And the following as the minor problems:

1. Specie of plant tested in this research that has the best repelling properties.

2. Safety of perfumed repellent to humans.

Hypothesis

The researchers hypothesized that making perfumed repellent out of herbs is possible. In addition,

chrysanthemum is the one of the most effective specie of plant in repelling cockroaches and it can be utilized to

make a human friendly perfumed repellent.


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Significance of the Study

This research will be a significant endeavor in making perfumed repellent for cockroaches that would

prevent them from coming back in peoples houses. This study will also be beneficial in the field of health and

Botany. By learning the different properties of the herbal plants used in the study, the researchers discovered the

different information regarding their repelling properties against pests. These will render to the formulation of a

repellent that could minimize the health risks brought by cockroaches.

Moreover, this research will provide suggestions on how to avoid cockroaches from returning in houses

and propose what kind of plant can best repel this kind of pest.

Scope and Limitations

The study encompasses the creation of a perfumed repellent that for the purpose of managing

cockroaches in households. The researchers will focus more on the use of natural herbs rather than the use of

harmful chemicals in making the perfumed repellent. However, this study has its limitation. The natural herbs

needed to make the repellent will be obtained within Las Pias City, Metro Manila. There would be no

respondents of this study since cockroaches are the foci of the research. Those cockroaches will be taken from

households within the locale of the study. The project cost of Php 500 will be used for the materials in every

experiment and trial and the time of this research will be a year at maximum.


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Phase Activities involved Time Range

I

Review of Related Literature 2 months

June - July Research Plan

Research Proposal

o Contains initial information,objectives, significance, methods

and procedure in accomplishing the

product.

Pre-Defense of the Research 1 day

July 5, 2013

II

Experimentation

o Trials 141 day

July 27, 2013

`III

Chapter 1

o Background of the Study

o Objectives

o Statement of the problem

o Hypothesis

o

Significance of the studyo Scope and Limitations

1 month

Middle of JulyMiddle of

August

Chapter 2

o Review of Related Literature,Foreign and Local

Chapter 3

o Methodology, Methods and

Procedure

o Results and Discussion

IV

2

nExperimentation

o Trials 5 and 6

1 week

August 24, 2013August 30,

2013

3r

Experimentation

o Trial 71 Day

September 11, 2013

Table no.1.0: Time Table of the Research


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V

Chapter 4 2 Days

September 14, 2013September 15, 2013

Graphical presentations, Tabulation Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation

of Data


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Theoretical Framework

Formulating a perfume that has repelling properties to cockroaches is the main objective in this project.

Different studies and theories may be encountered while doing the research but the researchers are focusing on

the behavior and characteristics ofBlattaria,commonly known as cockroach, and Chrysanthemum.

According to C.H. Curran, cockroach is one of the oldest and most primitive of insects. It is one of the

insects most disagreeable to man because of its destructiveness and its fetid color. Also, cockroaches feed by

human food and leaves it contaminated with their saliva and excrement. By this statement, this also explains

the behavior of a human being when a cockroach approaches them because of its characteristic that it may harm

or spread disease in ones home.

Chrysanthemum, according to some studies and theories, came from a large genus of the family

Compositae, which includes herbs and shrubby plants usually with white and yellow flowers. Chrysanthemum

has Pyrethrins that can damage the nervous system of insects, including cockroaches, which may also cause

paralyzation.

These statements, studies, and theories are theoretical basis on how the researchers can make a perfume

that can repel cockroaches with the help of one of the natural plants such as the chrysanthemum.


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Conceptual Framework

Figure no.1.0: Representation of the Relationship of Variables

An Attempt to Create Perfumed

Repellent for Cockroaches

Independent

Variables

*Natural herbs used to

repel cockroaches

* The extraction or oil

of the Pandan leaves,Chrysanthemum, and

other herbs that have

the same function in

repelling.

Dependent

Variables

*The behavior of

cockroaches with the

ingredients used.

*Effects of the

Perfume as a repellent

*Perfumes solution

and repellent property

FI GURE 1.1A list of the (a) Independent Variables: Chrysanthemum, Pandan leaves and

other herbs with the same function, and the (b) Dependent Variables: the behavior of

cockroach, the perfume solution, and the repellent property. The connection between the

two is in the properties of the herbs. The repelling properties are concern with the

cockroaches in our study.

The connections of

the variables are

based on the

repelling

properties of the

used plants against

the said bug.


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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign:

According to Eiji Hamono Nihon and Kanchu Gakkai Kaiin Cockroaches (Blattodea) are very ancient

hardly insects with broad, flattened bodies well suited for a life among dead leaves on the forest floor. Some

kinds exploit rich sources of bacterial and fungal matter by moving through leaf litter and splitting leaves apart.

The species most common to us are found everywhere there are people, living in homes and in drains and

coming out to feed mostly at night. These species are dirty, smelly and unpleasant to have around because they

are attracted to foodstuffs, garbage and feces. cited from Nihon, E. H. and Kaiin, K.G. (1986). The childrens

treasury of knowledge: Insect. Time-Life Books.

According to John Wister Chrysanthemum is an herb and shrubby plants with white or yellow flowers.

On this genus, which has many sub-divisions, belong the ox-eye daisy, the marguerite and the Dalmatian

pyrethrum, the source of the pyrethrum used in insecticides cited from Wister, J. C. (1976). Collier's

encyclopedia (Vol. 6.)

According to the A.C.S.A.S. Plants and Health Chrysanthemum. The decoration of the leaves is

indicated for colds, influenza and headache. Recommended for bronchitis, cough, boil, abscesses, swelling and

rheumatism. Oil can be obtained which is applied locally in fungal infection and also for abdominal pains.

cited from A.C.S.A.S. (1990) .Plants and Health.

According to Dr. James H. Jarratt Insecticides give the best control when applied under objects

(refrigerators and stoves), along lines where shelving meets walls (top and bottom), in the backs of the cabinets,


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behind pictures (depending on species) and as crack and crevice treatments. Retrieved July 18, 2013, from

http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/cockroaches.html

According to Donald G. Cochran Blaberidae. It is the largest family of cockroaches with dozens of

genera and more than 2000 species. They are widely distributed outdoors in tropical and subtropical regions.

Some members of the genus Blaberus are extremely large, reaching more than 80 mm in length. These are the

most highly evolved cockroaches having developed the ability to incubate, and in some cases nourish, their eggs

internally. cited from Resh, V. K. (2009).The Species of Cockroaches. Encyclopedia of insects (2nd ed., p

109). USA. Academic Press.

According to Donald G. Cochran, The oriental cockroaches, Blatta orientalis (Blattidae) is large

measuring 20-27 mm in length. All stages are dark brown to black in color. Females are essentially wingless,

whereas in males the wings cover about two third of the abdomen. This cockroach frequents basements and

crawls spaces under buildings, where temperatures are cooler, and often lives outdoors. It is a long lived insect

and may require 1-2 years to complete its life cycle. cited from Resh, V. K. (2009). Cockroaches as Pe sts

Encyclopedia of insects (2nd ed., pp. 109-110). USA. Academic Press.

According to Fumio Matsumura, Insecticides is the term coined to describe chemicals used to control

pest insects and related invertebrate pest species. Insects are by far the most important apecies against which

these chemicals are targeted. Insecticides have been defined to include any chemical that can be use to reduce

damage caused by insects, thus, nonlethal chemicals such as pheromones, repellents, hormone mimics, growth

regualators, feeding inhibitors anorectic agents( which cause loss of appetite), behavioural disrupters, food

attractants( used in traps and as bait) and anesthetics, as well as those causing physical problems such as


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surfactants, sticky substances, desiccants and barriers are considered to be insecticides. cited from Resh, V. K

(2009). Insecticides. Encyclopedia of insects (2 nd ed., p. 112). USA. Academic Press.

According to Linda R. Bergo, Bay leaves come from an evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean. Bay

leaves add a pungent flavor to soups, chowders and fish", cited from Bergo, Linda R. Introductory Botany.

(1997).Suundeis Du College Publishing.

According to Umesh Rudrappa, Pleasantly aromatic bay leaf or bay laurel is one of the well-recognized

leafy-spices since ancient times, revered for its medicinal as well as the culinary values. In legends, bay laurel is

highly regarded in astrology science as the tree of the Sun god, under the celestial sign of Leo. Botanically, bay

tree belongs to the family of Lauraceae of the genus; Laurus. Scientific name: Laurus nobilis. Bay laurel is

thought to have originated in Asia Minor region and from where it spread to all over the Mediterranean and

other parts of Asia during earlier times. The lauric acid in the bay laurel leaves has insect repellent properties

Retrieved from http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/bay-leaf.html

Summary

` The pieces of information above gathered by the researchers will be beneficial in this study for these

would serve as basis and support for the study from foreign resources. This part introduces concepts and ideas

which the researchers want the audience to understand that the following raw materials can be used instead of

chemicals for repellant purposes since chemicals are more known to have harmful side effects. Also, that the

use of those raw materials the researchers may create a human friendly perfume; having no expected harmful

side effects when used.


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Local:

According to Filipino Herbs Healing Wonders, Erect branched small tree, growing 3-5 meters, the trunk

bearing many prop roots. Leaves are spirally crowded toward the ends of the branches, linear lanceolate

slenderly long-acuminate, up to 1.5 meters long, 3-5 cm wide, the margins and midrib armed with sharp spiny

teeth pointing toward the apex of the leaf. The male inflorescence is fragrant, pendulous, up to 0.5 meter long.

Fruit is solitary, pendulous, ellipsoid to globose-ellipsoid, about 20 cm long, composed of 50-75 obovoid,

angular, fibrous and fleshy drupes, 4-6 cm long, narrow below and truncate at the apex.

Decoction of roots believed to have aphrodisiac and cardiotonic properties. Also used for arthritis and

to prevent spontaneous abortion. Chewing the roots strengthens the gums. Decoction of roots combined with

sap of banana plant for urethral injections for variety of urinary complaints. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from

http://www.filipinoherbshealingwonders.filipinovegetarianrecipe.com/pandan.htm

According to Bureau of Plant and Industry, Sampaguita leaf extract can be used in making medicinal

soap and has curative effect on skin diseases. The flowers also have medicinal value and given internally in

decoction for fever and are used as poultice for skin diseases and wounds. Retrieved September 13. 2013 from

http://goodnewspilipinas.com/2010/05/20/national-flower-sampaguita-is-potential-dollar-earner/

According to Bay Leaf Benefits, The bay leaf benefits are numerous, and there are several writings

about its importance. It is a popular addition to recipes and beverages and it is well known for its medicinal

therapeutic and insect eradication purposes. There are several by-products of the bay leaf including bay leaf oil

which is useful for sprains and bruises and bay leaf tea which has relaxation properties. Retrieved from

http://www.bayleafbenefits.com/p/home.html


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Definition of terms

The following terms were the words that you encountered in this research. For you to understand more the

study, these are some of the terms used:

Aphrodisiac- an agent (as a food or drug) that arouses or is held to arouse sexual desire; something that

excites.

Cardiotonic - tending to increase the tonus of heart muscle.

Compositae - also called asteraceae, commonly referred as the daisy or sunflower family it is an

economically important family. Most members of this family are herbaceous, but a significant number are also

shrubs, vines and trees.

Contaminant- biological, chemical, physical, or radiological substance which, in sufficient concentration

can adversely affect living organisms through air, water, soil, or food.

Decoction-a process of extracting oils and other compounds from plant material.

Desiccant- a drying agent.

Eradication- to eliminate or destroy something harmful.

Essential Oils- natural aromatic compounds found in the seeds, bark, stem, roots, flowers, and other parts of

plants.

Insecticide- a pesticide used against insects. Repellent, Serving or tending to repel; able to repel.

Lanceolate- tapering to a point at the apex or at the base.


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Phermone- a chemical substance that is usually produced by an animal and serves especially as a stimulus

to other individuals of the some species of one or more behavioral responses.

Pendulous- suspended so as to swing freely.

Poultice- a soft, usually heated and sometimes medicated mass spread on cloth and applied to sores and

other lesions.

Pyrethrins- pairs of natural organic compounds from chrysanthemum that have potent insecticidal activity.

These are neurotoxins that attack the nervous systems of all insects.

Pyrethrum- a pyrethrum is a natural insecticide made from the dried Chrysanthemum.


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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Subjects/Respondents of the Study

The study is focused on the reaction of cockroaches towards the solution made. The said insect was

collected from the households of each member. In every treatment, 1-2 cockroaches were used to observe the

effectiveness of the solution made and each were sprayed three times

Materials Used

In order to have variation, the main material which is the Chrysanthemum is combined with other

ingredients. Chrysanthemum contains pyrethrum which is a natural insecticide. It is obtained by drying the

flower heads and petals of the flower. Oil is also considered in the extraction of essential oils of the flower.

Coconut and olive oil were used which resulted to strong scents but poor results. Then sampaguita oil was used

to balance the smell of the chrysanthemum and other ingredients Pandan, and Bay leaves were used as

additional herbs. These herbs also have the characteristics to repel insects specifically cockroaches. For the

solution to have a pleasant smell, adding vodka was a big help. Apple vodka was used which caused the

solution to have mixed smell and less effects on the cockroaches than expected. As a result, plain vodka is

advised for a better mixture.


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Data Gathering Procedure

In this research, observation on the reactions of the cockroach was the focus to determine the progress of

the research. The research had not conducted a survey for the respondents of were cockroaches and focused on

the effectiveness of the product. After every treatment, observations were recorded such as how long before the

cockroach would react and if the ingredient proved to be useful or not.

Experimental design

This research follows the process of the experimental design. The researchers are concerned with the

data of their experimentation of their product if it would prove to repel the targeted pest, the cockroach. The

data will be used to determine whether the researchers have reached one of the few goals, which is whether they

have made a solution efficient enough to fend off the roaches and the scent of the product if it is satisfying

enough for the nose.

The experimental unit is the extracts attained from the different herbs together with the ingredients while

the treatment is the process of formulation of the perfumed repellent.


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Figure no. 2.0: Representation of the Experimental Unit and Treatments

Sources of Data

Other information needed to justify or to have basis in the said study were gathered in different ways. The

researchers gathered data by going to libraries and with the use of encyclopedias, journals, books, and online

resources. Interview was also conducted to enforce the data gathered.

Locale of the study

The Chrysanthemum plants will be taken from flower shops in Zapote and Moonwalk in Las Pias City as

well as the additional herbs. The research would be conducted within the vicinities of Las Pinas City.

Chrysanthemum

Treatment1

Trial 1 trial 2 tria l3

Treatment2

trial 4 trial 5 trial 6

Treatment3

trial 7

Treatment4

trial8


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Procedure

The first phase of experimentation is the formulation of the solution. Collect flower specie of the said plant

along with additional herbs. Then, dry out the flowers then pluck the petals. Boil the dried up materials, heat it

up for about 5 - 10 minutes at a low heat then settle it for a day. Next, steam additional herbs at low heat and

then press out the extracts. Filter the extracts the boiled materials with a filter paper for any impurities. . Mix the

attained extracts until scent of chose has been achieved. Lastly, use a container that would hold the solution;

store it in a cool, dry environment and let it settle before testing. This phase will be repeated depending on the

number of species of chrysanthemum plants that will be chosen, tested and observed.

The second phase starts out with the collection of cockroaches which correspond to the number of

solutions made. Second, for each set up, use one jar for one solution and cockroach. Spray three times the

solution in the jar, and then observe the initial effects of the solution. Leave the set up and record observations

from time to time. The purpose of this is to see the effectiveness of the product and solution in a period of time.


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Results and Discussion

This table shows the details of every trial done and the discussion of the results after testing.

Trials Materials Discussion Time Methodology

1 Chrysanthemum Solution

35%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water20% Olive Oil5%

Pandan Solution35%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Alcohol20%

Scent:

The alcohol was

overpowering

Repellant:

The chrysanthemumwasnt enough for the

cockroaches

Time Started:

11:00 am

Time Ended:

4:00 pm

Date:July. 27, 2013

The researchers dried out

the Chrysantemum for

about 3-5 minutes. When

the drying process is

done, the petals wereplucked and mixed with

olive oil along with the

base of the flower for 10-

30 minutes. Then Pandan

leaves were steamed

under low heat for 15

minutes. The oils from

the Pandan leaves were

then pressed out using

distilled water. Filtering

is the next process. The

flower extract and

Pandan leaves were

extracted using filter

paper for impurities.

Then, the solution was

poured in the spray

container along with 75

ml of 70% alcohol and

water.


75%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Olive Oil10%

Pandan Solution15%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Alcohol10%

Scent:

Still, the alcohol was

overpowering.

Repellant:

The chrysanthemum

was still lacking for

cockroaches to have an

effect.

Time Started:

11:00 am

Time Ended:

4:00 pm

Date:

July. 27, 2013


35%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Olive Oil10%

Pandan Solution65%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Scent:

The pandan had a

unpleasant smell.

Repellant:

Has enough

chrysanthemum to drive

the roaches away but

only for a short period

of time.

Time Started:

11:00 am

Time Ended:

4:00 pm

Date:

July. 27, 2013

Table no.2.0: Discussion of the Results and Details of each Trial


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30%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Coconut Oil10%

Pandan Solution60%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Vodka5%

Scent:

Unpleasant odor

brought by too much

Pandan and 70%

Alcohol Solution.

Repellant:

Has an effect but not

enough to knock down

to repel the roach for a

long period of time.

Time Started:

11:00 am

Time Ended:

4:00 pm

Date:

July. 27, 2013

The researchers dried the

Chrysantemum using a

microwave oven. After 5

minutes, the petals were

removed from its stem

and were transferred to a

bottle with water. Oil

was added to the mixture

as well. The petals were

strained right after

boiling. The mixture

then was put it a separate

container. For the

pandansolution, pandan

leaves were boiled in a

hot water. After that, the

researchers measured

both solutions and mixed

it in another separate

container. Then, vodka

was added. To fill thebottle with the mixture, a

funnel is used for

transferring.

5 Chrysanthemum Solution50%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Coconut Oil10%

Pandan Solution46%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Vodka4%

The solution still has oilhovering on top of the

water and it has the

aroma of a coconut or

latik.

Time Started:1:00 pm

Time Ended:

2:30 pm

Date:

August.24, 2013


60%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Coconut Oil10%

Pandan Solution34%

Pandan85%

Water15%

Vodka6%

The solution still has oil

hovering on top of the

water and it has the

aroma of a coconut or

latik.

Time Started:

2:30 pm

Time Ended:

3:30 pm

Date:

August 24, 2013


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75%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water25%

Sampaguita Oil

10%

Bay Leaf Solution20%

Bay Leaf50%

Water45%

Sampaguita Oil5%

Vodka3%

Sampaguita Oil2%

The scent releases a

good smell and at the

same time, oil is not

present above the

solution. It also

affected the cockroach

in a way that it moves

away from the part

where the solution was

sprayed.

Time Started:

5:00 pm

Time Ended:

6:00 pm

Date:

September 12,

2013

Bay leaves and

chrysanthemum were

dried by the researchers.

Both were boiled in a

different pot and in a low

temperature. After

boiling for 5-10 minutes,

the leaves and the

flowers were then

filtered out and the water

used was then transferred

to a different container.

The solutions were

measured and mixed it in

another container

together with the vodka

and another two drops of

sampaguita oil. After the

mixing process, the

researchers put the

mixture in the bottle forpackaging.

8 Bay Leaf and

Chrysanthemum Solution

100%

Chrysanthemum

65%

Water20 %

Bay Leaf -10 %

Sampaguita Oil

5 %

The scent was satisfying

in the first few days but

changed and retained its

mild bad odor. It was

able to repel at most, 2

cockroaches within in

first treatments.

Time Started:

5: 00 pm

Time Ended:

7:00 pm

Date:

November 25,

2013

The researchers dried the

flowers by putting it on a

tray and placing it under

the sun for a day. After

the drying process, the

petals were removed

from the tray and were

grinded using a blender.

The same procedures

were done to the bay

leaves. Both petals and

bay leaves were boiled

with water for nine

minutes. After nine

minutes of boiling, 15


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drops of oil was added.

The solution underwent

boiling for two minutes.

When the solution is

already cold, it was

filtered to separate the

solution from the leaves

and petals. Lastly, the

solution was transferred

in a clean spray bottle.


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Data Analysis

Based on the trials, the smell of the perfume was greatly affected by the use of the Vodka. The Vodka

brought an overwhelming scent on the perfume on the first trial and the Chrysanthemum was not enough for the

cockroaches to be knocked down. It requires a greater amount of Chrysanthemum solution for the cockroaches

to be knocked down for a long period of time. When Pandan solution was mixed to the perfume it gave an

unpleasant odor to it. The appearance also showed that the Pandan solution is settling on top of the perfume

because of different densities. At the recently done experimentation, the Pandan leaves were replaced by bay

leaves which proved to be more effective along with the chrysanthemum after testing the solution to

cockroaches. Its appearance was satisfying for the solution and had a single look with no separating liquids

unlike the first several trials.


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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Mean Std. Deviation N

Repelled .6250 .74402 8

Solution 4.5000 2.44949 8

Time 30.0000 .00000 8

Table no. 3.0 Descriptive Statistics

Repelled Solution Time

Pearson

Correlation

Repelled 1.000 .588 .

Solution .588 1.000 .

Time . . 1.000

Sig. (1-tailed)

Repelled . .063 .000

Solution .063 . .000

Time .000 .000 .

N

Repelled 8 8 8

Solution 8 8 8

Time 8 8 8

Table no. 3.1 Correlations

Interpretation of data

Based on the trials, no cockroaches were repelled on trials 1, 2, 6, and 5 while one cockroach was

repelled on trials 4 and 3. On the latest trial, the researchers saw that 2 cockroaches were repelled by the

solution. As some ingredients were taken out of the mixture, the concentration of the solution became more

effective for trials 4 and 5. But when other ingredients were introduced to solution, the effectiveness degraded


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such as when the coconut oil replaced the olive oil. The resulting solution was sweet scented and attracted a few

of the cockroaches in the treatment. In trial 7, vodka was used in addition to the repelling of the cockroaches

and water was used as the base of the solution, while sampaguita oil was used to balance the scent that the

solution gave off. The vodka proved to have helped improve the solution and the oil used was able to balance

out the aroma of the solution. For trial 8, a lot of ingredients were not used and the content of the solution

focused more on the chrysanthemum. As a result, the solution was very effective when it was used at the

cockroaches. To sum it up, the results of the trials were inconsistent making the research valid but not reliable

which signifies room for improvement


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Graph 1.0Repelled vs. Solution vs. Time Graph

In the first two trials, the researchers found out that the solution that was made is not effective and

cannot repel any cockroaches. After making the third and fourth trial they have found out that the solution made

is somewhat effective because it repelled one cockroach. But when the fifth and sixth trials were made, they

found out that it didnt repel any cockroaches. In the seventh trial, they found out that the solution made was

again somewhat effective because it repelled one cockroach. The researchers made the eighth trial and found to

be the most effective because it repelled two cockroaches.


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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The researchers had attempted to create a perfumed repellent for cockroaches formulated from herbs

such as Chrysanthemum, Bay leaves and Pandan leaves. The researchers had encountered problems such as the

effectiveness of natural herbs in making a perfumed repellent against cockroach manifestation and the amount

of natural herbs extract to produce the fragrance needed in making a perfumed repellent. Other problems

encountered in this research include the testing of the specie of plant that has the best repelling properties and

the safety of the perfumed repellent to humans. The researchers used the statistical tool known as IBM SPSS to

aid them in presenting and analyzing their data. This research is significant since it would help and contribute in

Botany. This research would help other researchers in for future studies regarding the use of these plants.

Major Findings

As the research progressed, the researchers were able to create a perfumed repellent out mostly out of

natural plants and herbs. In the solution, the Chrysanthemum specie proved to be an effective ingredient in the

concentration of the solution. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research was achieved and proved. As the trials

were difficult, the researchers had to find ingredients that would complement with the chrysanthemums

repellant scent. Using sweet scented ingredients to balance the scent was a disadvantage for it overpowered the

solution and had mostly opposite effects on cockroaches. As more quantities of the chrysanthemum solution

was used, it had great improvements for it was able to repel more cockroaches from the previous treatments

along with the bay leaves to complement it and the sampaguita oil to improve the scent it gave off. The

chrysanthemum had good results as more of it was used in the last trial, and that the chrysanthemum had


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directly affected the solution in contrast with previous ingredients like the coconut oil. In the treatments

conducted before the cockroaches were repelled by the solution the initial reaction of the cockroaches were

twitchy movements in their legs. Therefore, the pyrethrin that the chrysanthemum was the natural chemical

compound which affected the cockroach was the reason for the avoiding of the specimen from the solution

based on the theoretical information acquired.

Conclusion

The researchers conclude that the use of Chrysanthemum as a main ingredient has a great capability to

repel cockroaches provided with the right concentration. As of now, the researchers can say that it is not yet

safe for humans since the product needs further testing and analysis to assure that there are no side effects to

human health, or provoke any diseases that involve the respiratory and integumentary system of the human

body.

Recommendations

For future studies, the researchers recommend the use of pure vodka for it is known to have a strong

repelling ingredient. In the treatment, the use of different and preferable set up with wider enclosed areas to test

the effectiveness is also recommended to see how powerful the concentration was and if it proved to be

successful or not. Conduct the treatment with longer time durations to know how long it would have lasted and

more careful observations on the cockroach. Lastly, research thoroughly about effective methods of extraction

in terms of the chrysanthemum to obtain better results in future trials.


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Bibliography

Book:

Nihon, E. H. & Kaiin, K.G. (1986). The childrens treasury of knowledge: Insect. Time-Life Books.

Wister, J. C. (1976). Collier's encyclopedia (Vol. 6.)

A.C.S.A.S. (1990) .Plants and Health.

Resh, V. K. (2009).The species of cockroaches. Encyclopedia of insects (2 nd ed., p. 109). USA. Academic

Press.

Resh, V. K. (2009). Cockroaches as pests. Encyclopedia of insects (2 nd ed., pp. 109-110). USA. Academic

Press.

Resh, V. K. (2009). Insecticides. Encyclopedia of insects (2 nd ed., p. 112). USA. Academic Press.

Bergo, Linda R. Introductory botany. (1997).Suundeis Du College Publishing.

Internet:

Retrieved July 27, 2013 from http://www.filipinoherbshealingwonders.filipinovegetarianrecipe.com/pandan.htm

Retrieved July 18, 2013, from http://www.uri.edu/ce/factsheets/sheets/cockroaches.html

Retrieved September 13. 2013 from http://goodnewspilipinas.com/2010/05/20/national-flower-sampaguita-is-

potential-dollar-earner/

Retrieved September 17, 2013 fromhttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cockroach-theory.asp
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cockroach-theory.asphttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cockroach-theory.asphttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cockroach-theory.asp


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Plates no.1

This is the Chrysanthemum used

in each Treatment and

experimentation throughout the

research

The photos beside show how the

essential oils of thechrysanthemum were first taken

from the flower

This is the final outcome after experimentation with the essential oil of

the flower and other ingredients

This photo shows the

ingredients used in Trial 8:

Sampaguita Oil, Dried Bayleaf, Water, Dried

Chrysanthemum.


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Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers

Burce, Joseph Joshua R.

Personal Information:

Date of Birth: November. 26, 1996 Age: 17

Address: #21 Pilar Simenez St., Bautista compd., Talon I, Las Pinas City

Contact Information:

Tel/ mobile no.: 8008392 / 4751952

E-mail: [email protected]

Cabra, Joshua Adrielle T.


Date of Birth: November. 25, 1997 Age: 16

Address: #93 Blk 4 L5 San Isidro St., Carmencita Vill., Talon III, Las Pinas City


Tel/ mobile no.: 8007168/ 09179456096



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Chua, Eman C.


Date of Birth: April 24, 1997 Age: 16

Address: 4181 Cuevas Compound, Admiral Subdivision, Las Pias City


Tel/ mobile no.: 09068212412


Festin, Khim A.


Date of Birth: April 16, 1997 Age: 16

Address: Blk 9 L 26B, San Antonio St., Metrocor Homes B, Las Pinas City


Tel/ mobile no.: 09183355088



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Bacani, Agatha Dominique O.


Date of Birth: September 20, 1997 Age: 16

Address:Blk 3 Lot 3 Molave St., Admiral Village, Talon 3, Las Pinas City


Tel/ mobile no.: 09067546890


Bobier, Cristine N.


Date of Birth: November 15, 1997 Age: 16

Address: Blk 10 Lot 40 Lalaine Bennet St. BF Resort Village Las Pinas City


Tel/ mobile no.: 9989227 / 09994289082

E-mail:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Dajoya, Abigail E.


Date of Birth: Jan. 31,1998 Age: 16

Address: Blk 46 L 15 Junifer St., Vista Verde South, Mambog III, Bacoor, Cavite


Tel/ mobile no.: 09268446487


Dela Fuente, Anne Nicole M.


Date of Birth:December 19, 1997 Age: 16

Address: Address: B32 L35 A.Ozaeta St. BF Resort Village, Talon Dos, LPC


Tel/ mobile no.: 09267730239/09228908593


Documents

Revised Paperworks of Group 2, IV - Galileo