Avogadros law: V1/n1 = V2/n2Boyles law: P1V1 = P2V2Gay-Lussacs law: P1/T1 = P2/T2Charless law: V1/T1 = V2/T2Combined gas law: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2Ideal gas law: PV=nRTR (gas constant): 0.08206 l.atm/mol.Kq=mcT (for specific heat problems with a change in temperature)q = (H)(m) (for phase changes or combustion or any H with units of J/g)qsystem = - qsurroundingsSTP: Standard temperature and pressure. 0 oC (273 K) and 1.00 atm. At STP, one mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.A reaction began with 2.25 moles of a gas at a volume of 40.0 l. What was the volume after the reaction was complete and only 0.495 moles of gas remained?How many moles of N2 were produced if 95.0 l were formed at STP?What would be the volume of a balloon at the summit of Mt. Everest (P=0.33 atm) if it had begun as a 4.50 l balloon at sea level (1.00 atm)? (Assuming T is constant)What temperature in oC would you have to heat a compressed gas cylinder that was originally at a pressure of 20.0 atm and a temperature of 25.0 oC, that would cause it to rupture if it were designed to withstand pressures up to 85.0 atm?If a 2.50 l balloon at 0 oC were heated to 85.0 oC, what would its new volume be?A gas has a volume of 4.00 l at 20.0 oC and a pressure of 1.50 atm. What is its pressure if the volume is decreased to 1.25 l and its temperature is increased to 60.0 oC?How many moles of N2 (g) are in a 100.0 ml container at a pressure of 74.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 32.0 oC?Be familiar with the relationships between the different variables for conceptual questions. Such as: What would you expect the temperature of a system to do with an increase in pressue? What would you expect the volume of a system to do with an increase in pressure? What would you expect to happen to the pressure of a system with an increase in temperature and an increase in volume?How many moles of O2 are necessary for the complete combustion of 1 mole of C4H10? (Write equation)For the following reaction, determine which of the following species is oxidized and which is reduced.CuCl2(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + ZnCl2(aq)Understand the concept of endothermic reactions vs exothermic reactions.Understand specific heat capacity.Why does gasoline have aHvap value that is so much lower than that of water?If 4.92 kJ of energy is absorbed by a 23.2 g piece of metal and the temperature increases from 25.0 oC to 343 oC, what is the specific heat of the metal?The heat of combustion of a particular fuel is 3.25 x 104 J/g. How many grams of this fuel are burned in a bomb calorimeter if 35.9 kJ of heat were transferred to the water? If 4.96 g of the same fuel were burned, how much heat would be transferred to the water?A 92.5 g sample of metal with an initial temperature of 98.3 oC was submerged into 55.0 ml of water that was originally at a temperature of 23.0 oC. The final temperature was 41.8 oC. (cP H2O = 4.184 J/goC) What is the specific heat of the metal? How many valence electrons does an oxygen atom have? How many valence electrons in SO42-? How many electron groups are around the central atom in CH4? SO2? How many are bonding? How many are non-bonding? What geometric family do they belong in? What is their geometry? Draw the Lewis dot structures for these molecules.Are these molecules polar or non-polar according to their geometry?What is the geometry of CH3Cl? Is it polar or non-polar?