#1 A human geographer would be most likely to investigate …

A The migration patterns of Canadian geese

B The distribution of Muslims around the globe

C The formation and location of volcanoes

D Climate patterns in the Andes mountains

#2 A country’s arithmetic density is determined by dividing …

A Its total population by its total land area

B Its total population by its total farming (arable) land area

C Its total farmer population by its total land area

D Its total farmer population by its total farming (arable) land area

#3 Which of the following is NOT a description of a SITE characteristic?

A Denver, Colorado is 5,280 feet above sea level

B It takes about one and a half hours to drive from San Diego to Los Angeles

C Athens, Greece is built around a rocky hill called the Acropolis

D The climate and soil of Napa Valley are ideal for growing grapes

#4 Which of the following is a reference to Fredericksburg’s SITUATION?

A Fredericksburg’s violent crime rate tends to be higher than the average for Virginia.

B 55% of the population of Fredericksburg is female.

C The median age in Fredericksburg is 30.3 years old.

D Fredericksburg is 47 miles from Washington, D.C. and 52 miles from Richmond.

#5 Geographers define a “formal region” as an area…

A Defined by a common physical feature such as a desert or mountain range

B Sharing one or more distinctive characteristics

C Impossible to describe with any precision because of different perceptions

D Surrounding a particular urban center

#6 Which of the following is NOT a formal region?

A Virginia

B The Corn Belt

C The City of Fredericksburg

D The Midwest

#7 “Functional regions” tend to be areas …

A From which particular businesses draw their customers

B Within which a particular crop is grown

C Dominated by a single ethnic group

D Sharing the same terrain and climate

#8 Today “the South” …

A Refers to the U.S. states that joined the Confederacy in the 1860s

B Consists of those states in which cotton-has historically been an important crop

C Lacks a precise definition, meaning different things to different people

D Is made up of the states that are at least 50% Baptist

#9 “Cultural ecology” refers to:

A The interactions between places over space

B The impact of politics on environmental policy

C The relationship between human beings and their environment

D The ways in which the mass media shapes culture

#10 Modern geographers seem to believe that the environment …

A Has little if any impact on human cultures

B Is the sole determinant of a society’s cultural characteristics

C Has been well protected and preserved by most of the Earth’s cultures

D Sets limits on human action, but peoples are able to make choices within those limits

#11 As a result of “space-time compression” …

A Time seems to slow down when you eagerly awaiting something (like, say, graduation)

B It takes less time to travel from one place to another than it used to

C People in some regions become isolated from people in other regions

D The rate of change in the world slows down

#12 “Distance decay” refers to the phenomenon by which …

A The per mile cost of transport decreases the father one travels

B People are now able to travel great distances much more easily than they have in the past

C People are less likely to interact with people who live far away from them

D The environment has been altered to facilitate travel

#13 The rapid transmittal of the news of Michael Jackson’s death via the Internet and cable television is an example of …

A Hierarchical diffusion

B Stimulus diffusion

C Contagious diffusion

D Relocation diffusion

#14 Fashion trends tend to originate in cities like Paris, Milan, and New York before gradually spreading to other parts of the world. This is an example of …

A Hierarchical diffusion

B Stimulus diffusion

C Contagious diffusion

D Relocation diffusion

#15 Today there are approximately _____ billion people on the planet.

A 1

B 7

C 11

D 16

#16 The largest cluster of people on the planet is found in …

A North America

B Europe

C Africa

D East Asia

#17 People tend to cluster in areas with all of the following characteristics EXCEPT …

A Temperate climates

B Easy access to oceans

C Located in the midlatitudes

D Mountains

#18 Total Population = 1,000,000Total Farmers = 10,000Total Land Area = 1,000 square milesTotal Arable Land Area = 100 square miles

What is the agricultural density of the above country?

A 10

B 100

C 1,000

D 10,000

#19 Total Population = 1,000,000Total Farmers = 10,000Total Land Area = 1,000 square milesTotal Arable Land Area = 100 square miles

What is the physiological density of the above country?

A 10

B 100

C 1,000

D 10,000

#20 The countries with the lowest agricultural densities tend to …

A Have the most difficulty feeding their populations

B Have access to the best technology

C Be located in Asia

D Leave much of their arable land unplanted

#21 If during a given year a country has a crude birth rate of 15 and a crude death rate of 20 …

A 20 people die for every 100 people in the population

B Its population at the end of the year MUST be lower than its population at the beginning of the year

C 15 people are born for every 1,000 people in the population

D Its natural decrease rate is 5%

#22 The natural increase rate …

A Tends to be highest in Western Europe and North America

B Usually hovers at about 7-8% annually for the world as a whole

C Does not take migration into account

D Has never been higher than it is today

#23 A population’s doubling time …

A Does not depend upon its natural increase rate

B Increases when the natural increase rate increases

C Increases when the natural increase rate decreases

D Decreases when the natural increase rate decreases

#24 Which country would one expect to have the highest crude birth rate?

A Italy

B Zimbabwe

C The United States

D Germany

#25 The total fertility rate is …

A A poor predictor of future population trends

B The average number of children that a woman will have during her lifetime

C Generally between 10-12 in the United States

D Higher in countries with good health care

#26 Which of the following is the BEST indicator of the quality of a country’s health care system?

A Infant mortality rate

B Crude birth rate

C Crude death rate

D Total fertility rate

#27 When comparing Denmark and Nigeria, one would expect Denmark to have the highest …

A Life expectancy

B Total fertility rate

C Crude birth rate

D Infant mortality rate

#28 Which of the following demographic indicators actually tends to be LOWER for LDCs than for MDCs?

A Infant mortality rate

B Crude birth rate

C Total fertility rate

D Crude death rate

#29 Stage 1 of the demographic transition model is characterized by …

A Low birth rates and low death rates

B High birth rates and high death rates

C Low birth rates and high death rates

D High birth rates and low death rates

#30 Stage 2 of demographic transition is characterized by a dramatic …

A Increase in the death rate

B Increase in the birth rate

C Decrease in the death rate

D Decrease in the birth rate

#31 The primary cause of the switch to Stage 2 of demographic transition in Europe was …

A The Industrial Revolution

B The Age of Exploration

C The Napoleonic Wars

D World War II

#32 All of the following are in DECLINE during Stage 3 of demographic transition EXCEPT …

A The crude birth rate

B The crude death rate

C The rate of natural increase

D Total population

#33 The changes that occur during in Stage 3 are due primarily to …

A Improvements in medical care

B The need for more children as farm laborers

C The unhealthy living conditions in large cities

D The decision by parents to have fewer children

#34 Stages 1 and 4 of the demographic transition model have what in common?

A Little if any population growth

B High crude death rates

C Rapid population decline

D Low population levels

#35 For a population to remain stable, it requires a total fertility rate of about …

A .6

B 1.5

C 2.1

D 3.3

#36 Neo-Malthusians believe that …

A More medical and food aid should be provided to developing countries

B Population growth will spur conflict over scarce resources such as food and fuel

C Man’s ingenuity will enable population to continue to grow unchecked

D Low birthrates make it more difficult to care for the elderly

#37 In recent decades AIDS has increased the death rates most dramatically in …

A Eastern Europe

B India

C North Africa

D Sub-Saharan Africa

#38 Demographers believe that all of the following would encourage women to have fewer children EXCEPT …

A Greater access to education

B Lower infant mortality rates

C Better job opportunities

D Slowing the rate of economic development

#39 By 2050, which country is predicted to be the most populous in the world?

A China

B India

C The United States

D Indonesia

#40 Migration is a specific form of human movement in which a person…

A Moves at least 50 miles from their original location

B Eventually returns to his/her original location

C Moves to a different country

D Permanently moves to a new location

#41 The most common reason that people migrate is …

A They are fleeing areas experiencing ethnic conflict

B They are fleeing environmental disasters such as flooding or earthquakes

C They are seeking better economic opportunities

D They are facing persecution for their religious beliefs

#42 Which of the following is an example of a “push” factor in a migration from Detroit to Orlando?

A Florida’s year-round warm, sunny climate

B Easy access to Disney World and Universal Studios

C Michigan’s high unemployment rate

D The ready availability of fresh oranges and grapefruits in Florida

#43 Who of the following would most likely qualify for “refugee” status in another country?

A A child in danger of starvation due to massive crop failures

B A member of a minority ethnic group facing persecution by the majority-controlled government

C A man whose village has been destroyed by a typhoon

D A woman from an impoverished country seeking a better life for her family

#44 Statistically speaking, a person migrating from Spotsylvania would be LEAST likely to migrate to …

A Baltimore, MD

B Seattle, WA

C Chicago, IL

D Atlanta, GA

#45 Which of the following continents has MORE immigrants than emigrants (in other words, more people arriving than are leaving)?

A South America

B Europe

C Africa

D Asia

#46 “Chain migration” refers to …

A The forced movement of peoples, such as African slaves or the “Trail of Tears”

B Movement to a new location because relatives or countrymen are there

C Migration back to a country from which a person earlier emigrated

D Migration in a series of stages from one place to another before reaching one’ final destination

#47 “Brain drain” refers to the tendency of the US to accept large numbers of immigrants who …

A Are highly educated

B Are mentally challenged

C Require many social services

D Lack sufficient education to fill highly-skilled positions

#48 European guest workers usually …

A Bring their families with them

B Are resented by natives for taking the most desirable jobs

C Send much of their earnings back home

D Are discouraged from leaving their home countries by their own governments

#49 In recent decades, which region of the US has seen the most net in-migration from other parts of the country?

A The West

B The Midwest

C The South

D The Northeast

#50 The primary reason for migrating within the US today is …

A Better economic opportunities

B Retirement to a warm, sunny climate

C The desire for a richer cultural life (theater, music, etc.)

D Natural disasters

#51 During the 20th century in the US, African Americans generally …

A Migrated out of the South in large numbers in search of jobs in large cities

B Remained in small rural towns because of the fear of persecution should they go to more populated areas

C Abandoned the South to escape racial discrimination

D Followed the same migration patterns as whites

#52 Which of the following is a characteristic of a folk culture (as opposed to popular culture)?

A It is found in a wide geographic area

B It is practiced by a heterogeneous population

C It is usually found in isolated rural areas

D It often spreads rapidly to adjacent areas

#53 Popular culture usually originates …

A With anonymous, unknown sources

B In the world’s more developed countries

C At some time in the distant past

D In societies that have yet to industrialize

#54 The Amish are most heavily concentrated in which of the following groups of states?

A Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

B North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama

C Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee

D Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana

#55 The Hindu prohibition against the consumption of beef is explained in the text as due to the fact that …

A Beef spoils rapidly in the hot climate of India

B Cows provide an important source of labor

C Cows are dieties

D Cows help keep the streets clean as scavengers

#56 Compared to folk culture, pop culture …

A Changes much more slowly

B Is embraced by a less diverse group of people

C Diffuses much more rapidly

D Varies more from place to place

#57 An isogloss is …

A A boundary line within which a certain word is used

B A dialect of a language spoken primarily by rural dwellers

C A word that is used throughout a country, regardless of region

D A form of a language used by the elites and the upper classes

#58 Which Indo-European language branch includes English?

A Germanic

B Romance

C Indo-Iranian

D Balto-Slavic

#59 Indo-European languages are commonly spoken in ALL of the following countries EXCEPT …

A Italy

B Sweden

C China

D India

#60 A creole language …

A Is simply any dialect of a language spoken outside the country of origin

B Results from the merging of two or more languages

C Is a language that seems to have developed independently of all other languages

D Is an extinct language with elements that still survive in modern languages

#61 One theory holds that the origins of the Indo-European are to be found in modern …

A Turkey

B China

C Iraq

D France

#62 Which of the following continents seems to be the most linguistically diverse?

A Europe

B North America

C South America

D Africa

#63 Which of the following European countries is unique in that its language is NOT Indo-European?

A France

B Hungary

C Greece

D The Netherlands

#64 Modern English is a …

A Romance language

B Lingua franca

C Pidgin language

D Isolated language

#65 English is becoming more common as a 2nd language for many peoples primarily because …

A It is being spread through relocation diffusion

B It is being imposed by military conquest

C It is a means for youth to challenge the norms and beliefs of their elders

D It is the dominant language of commerce and culture

#66 The Dalai Lama …

A Has the support of the Chinese government

B Currently resides in Tibet as its political and military leader

C Was forced to leave Tibet following a Chinese invasion

D Is the spiritual leader for millions of Muslims

#67 Ethnic religions differ from universalizing religions in that ethnic religions …

A Appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place

B Are the most popular, with the great majority of the world’s inhabitants adhering to an ethnic religion

C Are generally monotheistic, while universalizing religions are polytheistic

D Are found primarily in developed countries, while universalizing religions dominate in the developing world

#68 The three main universalizing religions are …

A Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism

B Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism

C Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity

D Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism

#69 The country with the most Eastern Orthodox Christians is …

A Russia

B Romania

C Greece

D Bulgaria

#70 In which of the following regions is the Christian population overwhelmingly Roman Catholic?

A Latin America

B North America

C Scandinavia

D North Africa

#71 Which of the following religions was long the official state religion of Japan?

A Confucianism

B Daoism

C Shintoism

D Buddhism

#72 Which of the following is the world’s largest ethnic religion?

A Hinduism

B Islam

C Christianity

D Judaism

#73 Which ethnic religion is unique for its wide degree of dispersal throughout the world?

A Hinduism

B Shintoism

C Judaism

D Daoism

#74 The holiest Buddhist shrines are located in the countries of ……

A China and Japan

B Japan and India

C India and Nepal

D Nepal and China

#75 Jerusalem is particularly sacred to Jews because …

A It was the location of their ancient Temple

B The Ten Commandments were secretly hidden there

C It was the site of the battle in which they liberated themselves from Roman domination

D It was the site from which Abraham was believed to have ascended to Heaven