Review Homework • Problems Ch 3: 2, 4 Chapter 3:

8/14/2019 Review Homework Problems Ch 3: 2, 4 Chapter 3:

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Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

Week 6AgenAgendada

Review Homework Problems Ch 3: 2, 4

Chapter 3: Problem Solving

Desksides: 7 QC Tools

Flow chart Run Chart Pareto Diagram Histogram Cause and Effect Diagram Check sheet Scatter diagram Control chart

Week 7 assignment Read chapter 4

Homework

problems: Ch 3

- 11, 12, 23, 28(c) Case Study: "How

We Slashed

Response Time"


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Seven QualitySeven Quality

ToolsToolsChapter 3: Problem

Solving


3/31


Seven QualitySeven QualityControl ToolsControl Tools

Pareto Chart

Histogram

Process flow diagram

Check sheet

Scatter diagram

Control chart

Run Chart

Cause and Effect Diagram


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Pareto PrinciplePareto Principle

Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Italian

economist

20% of the population has 80% of thewealth

Juran used the term vital few, trivial

many. He noted that 20% of the quality

problems caused 80% of the dollar loss.

7 Quality Tools7 Quality Tools


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Pareto chartPareto chart


28

16

12 12

64 3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

LooseThreads

Stitchingflaws

Buttonproblems

Materialflaws

%

Co

mplaints


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ParetoParetoChartChart

Percentfrom

eachcau

se

Causes of poor quality

Machine

calib

ratio

ns

Defec

tivep

arts

Wrong

dime

nsion

s

Poor

Design

Operato

rerro

rs

Defec

tivem

aterials

Surfa

ceabrasio

ns0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70(64)

(13)(10)

(6)(3) (2) (2)


7/31Quality Improvement: Problem Solving

HistogramHistogram

0

5

10

15

20

25

1.9

2.9

3.9

4.9

5.9

6.9

7.9

8.9

9.9

10.9

11.9

12.9

13.9

14.9

15.

9

Mo

re

Category

Frequency




HistogramHistogram

0

510

15

20

2530

35

40

1 2 6 13 10 16 19 17 12 16 20 17 13 5 6 2 1



FlowchartsFlowcharts

Flowcharts Graphical description of how work is done.

Used to describe processes that are to beimproved.




Flow DiagramsFlow Diagrams

" Draw a flowchart for whatever you do.

Until you do, you do not know what you

are doing,

you just have a job.

-- Dr. W. Edwards Deming.



FlowchartFlowchart

Activity

DecisionYesYes

NoNo




FlowchartFlowchart


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Process ChartProcess ChartSymbolsSymbols

Operations

Inspection

Transportation

Delay

Storage



Process ChartProcess Chart

Ste

p

Opera

tion

Transport

Inspec

t

De

lay

Sto

rage

Dista

nce

(fee

t)

Tim

e

(min)Description

of

process

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Unload apples from truck

Move to inspection station

Weigh, inspect, sort

Move to storage

Wait until needed

Move to peeler

Apples peeled and cored

Soak in water until needed

Place in conveyor

Move to mixing area

Weigh, inspect, sort

TotalPage 1 0f 3 480

30

5

20

15

360

30

20

190 ft

20 ft

20 ft

50 ft

100 ft

Date: 9-30-00

Analyst: TLR

Location: Graves Mountain

Process: Apple Sauce



Check SheetCheck SheetCheck SheetCheck Sheet

ShiftsShifts

D

efect

Type

D

efect

Type




Check SheetCheck Sheet

COMPONENTS REPLACED BY LAB

TIME PERIOD: 22 Feb to 27 Feb 1998

REPAIR TECHNICIAN: Bob

TV SET MODEL 1013

Integrated Circuits ||||

Capacitors |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| ||

Resistors ||Transformers ||||

Commands

CRT |



Cause-and-EffectCause-and-EffectDiagramsDiagramsCause-and-EffectCause-and-EffectDiagramsDiagrams Show the relationships between a

problem and its possible causes.

Developed by Kaoru Ishikawa (1953) Also known as

Fishbone diagrams

Ishikawa diagrams




Cause and EffectCause and EffectSkeletonSkeletonCause and EffectCause and EffectSkeletonSkeleton

Quality

Problem

Materials

EquipmentPeople

Procedures




Fishbone DiagramFishbone Diagram

Quality

Problem

MachinesMeasurement Human

ProcessEnvironment Materials

Faulty testing equipment

Incorrect specifications

Improper methods

Poor supervision

Lack of concentration

Inadequate training

Out of adjustment

Tooling problems

Old / worn

Defective from vendor

Not to specifications

Material-handling problems

Deficienciesin product

design

Ineffective quality

management

Poor process

design

Inaccurate

temperature

control

Dust and

Dirt


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Cause and effectCause and effectdiagramsdiagrams Advantages

making the diagram is educational in itself

diagram demonstrates knowledge of

problem solving team

diagram results in active searches for

causes

diagram is a guide for data collection


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Cause and effectCause and effectdiagramsdiagrams

To construct the skeleton, remember:

For manufacturing - the 4 Ms

man, method, machine, material For service applicationsequipment, policies, procedures, people


25/31


Scatter DiagramScatter Diagram

.


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Run ChartsRun Charts

Run Charts (time series plot) Examine the behavior of a variable over

time.

Basis forControl Charts


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Control ChartControl Chart

18

12

6

3

9

15

21

24

27

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Sample number

Numberofd

efects

UCL = 23.35

LCL = 1.99

c = 12.67

Control ChartsControl Charts

Control Chartsontrol harts


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Control ChartsControl Charts Control Chartsontrol harts


29/31


Stem and leafStem and leafdisplaysdisplays

4 . 6 4 . 0 3 . 7 4 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 6 4 . 5 6 . 0 6 . 0 3 . 4

3 . 4 4 . 6 3 . 7 4 . 2 4 . 6 4 . 7 4 . 1 3 . 7 3 . 4 3 . 3

3 . 7 4 . 1 4 . 5 4 . 6 4 . 4 4 . 8 4 . 3 4 . 4 5 . 1 3 . 9

Data

Integrated Circuit Response Time (ps)


30/31


Stem and leafStem and leafdisplaysdisplays

3 7 4 4 7 7 4 3 7 9

4 6 0 1 5 6 2 6 7 1 1 5 6 4 8 3 4

5 6 1

6 0 0



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Dot diagramsDot diagrams

3 4 5 6

Plant A

Plant B


Documents

Review Homework • Problems Ch 3: 2, 4 Chapter 3: