12/3• Pass back papers• Finish 47.3 slides• Practice questions

Homework – Ch. 14 Notes, concept checks and Punnett square practice due

tomorrow, Ch. 14 online assignment due Thursday (do 40 min per night)

Ch. 15 Notes, concept checks due Friday and online assignment due the following Monday

• Next Unit Test (Ch. 11-15, 18.4, 47.3) Thurs. 12/13, be working on review manual chapters 11-15,47 (will be collected day of test)

Me – email key

Essential knowledge 2.E.1: Timing and coordination of specific events arenecessary for the normal development of an organism, and these events

are regulated by a variety of mechanisms.

a. Observable cell differentiation results from the expression of genes for tissue-specific proteins.

b. Induction of transcription factors during development results in sequential gene expression.

Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of eachof the following:

1. Homeotic genes are involved in developmental patterns and sequences.2. Embryonic induction in development results in the correct timing of events.3. Temperature and the availability of water determine seed germination in most plants.4. Genetic mutations can result in abnormal development.5. Genetic transplantation experiments support the link between gene expression and normal development.6. Genetic regulation by microRNAs plays an important role in the development of organisms and the control of cellular functions.

c. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) plays a role in the normal development and differentiation.

Students should be able to demonstrate understanding of the aboveconcept by using an illustrative example such as:• Morphogenesis of fingers and toes• Immune function• C. elegans development• Flower development

✘✘ Names of the specific stages of embryonic development are beyond the scope of the course and the AP Exam.

Learning ObjectivesLO 2.31 The student can connect concepts in and across domains to show that

timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for normal development in an organism and that these events are regulated by multiple mechanisms. [See SP 7.2]

LO 2.32 The student is able to use a graph or diagram to analyze situations or solve problems (quantitatively or qualitatively) that involve timing and coordination of events necessary for normal development in an organism. [See SP 1.4]

LO 2.33 The student is able to justify scientific claims with scientific evidence to show that timing and coordination of several events are necessary for normal development in an organism and that these events are regulated by multiple mechanisms. [See SP 6.1]

LO 2.34 The student is able to describe the role of programme cell death in development and differentiation, the reuse of molecules, and the maintenance of dynamic homeostasis. [See SP 7.1]

L.O. 2.32

L.O. 2.32

Essential knowledge 4.A.3: Interactions between external stimuli and regulated gene expression result in specialization of cells, tissues and organs.

a. Differentiation in development is due to external and internal cues that trigger gene regulation by proteins that bind to DNA. [See also 3.B.1, 3. B.2]

b. Structural and functional divergence of cells in development is due to expression of genes specific to a particular tissue or organ type. [See also 3.B.1, 3.B.2]c. Environmental stimuli can affect gene expression in a mature cell.

[See also 3.B.1, 3.B.2]

Learning Objective:LO 4.7 The student is able to refine representations to illustratehow interactions between external stimuli and gene expressionresult in specialization of cells, tissues and organs. [See SP 1.3]

L.O. 4.7

Agenda 12/4• Gregor Mendel – online cd activity – 4-2-2 (15 minutes) (I check Ch.

14 and Genetics Practice Problems packet)• Mendel slides (Ch. 14 Pwpt. Slides 19-44)• Genetics Practice Problems Key (also online and emailed) –

questions page 1?• Start modes of Inheritance/Pedigrees (slides 45-71)

Homework –Ch. 14 online assignment due Thursday (do 30 min per night)Ch. 15 Notes, concept checks due Friday and online assignment due

the following Monday• Next Unit Test (Ch. 11-15, 47) Thurs. 12/13, be working on review

manual chapters 11-15 (will be collected day of test)

Mendel’s Experiments

Law of Segregation and Hybrids

Dihybrid Crosses

Crosses of two traits

Illustrates the Principle of Independent Assortment.

Alleles for one trait segregate independently of alleles from other traits during gamete formation.

Traits are inherited separately. Inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait.

If the traits are on different chromosomes.

Dihybrid Crosses – Using Probability – Rules of Multiplication and Addition

• Dominance/recessiveness relationships have three important points.

1. They range from complete dominance, though various degrees of incomplete dominance, to codominance.

2. They reflect the mechanisms by which specific alleles are expressed in the phenotype and do not involve the ability of one allele to subdue another at the level of DNA.

3. They do not determine or correlate with the relative abundance of alleles in a population.Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

X-linked (Sex-linked) Diseases

• Remind yourself how to draw the Punnett square for these – what do you need first?

NATURE VS. NURTURE• Phenotype depends on environment and genes.

– A single tree has leaves that vary in size, shape, and greenness, depending on exposure to wind and sun.

– For humans, nutrition influences height, exercise alters build, sun-tanning darkens the skin, and experience improves performance on intelligence tests.

– Even identical twins, genetic equals, accumulate phenotypic differences as a result of their unique experiences.

• The relative importance of genes and the environment in influencing human characteristics is a very old and hotly contested debate.

Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Agenda 12/5• Continue Modes of Inheritance/Pedigrees (slides45-71)• Genetics Practice Problems page 2 and 3 – questions?• Fill in Disease chart as finish Ch. 14 slides (77-97)

Homework – Print and read through AP Drosophila Genetics Lab (website) and do

prelab worksheet – we will be doing this in virtual format tomorrowCh. 14 online due tomorrowFinish Disease chart and Ch. 15 Notes and concept checks due Friday,

ch. 15 online due Monday

Agenda 12/6• AP Lab 7 – Virtual in Library Lab

– We do Intro together, focusing on Drosophila and chi-square info– Assign each pair a tube (A,B, or C)– You do Experiments and record data – record parents separately above

F1 table. – Try to figure out which scenario you have, then start answering Analysis

questions

Homework - Do the Analysis for lab 7 on printout – Before you do #7, go on to the

second part if needed (Chi square practice), then go back and do #7 (chi square for your data)

Disease chart and Ch. 15 notes and concept checks due tomorrow

Agenda 12/7

• Go over Prelab and Analysis for Lab 7 – share data for different types of crosses

• Finish Ch. 14 slides• Intro Cancer activity

Homework - FRQ’s due MondayCh. 15 Online Assignment due MondayRead Cancer activity and cut up karyotype – bring in

baggie for MondayTest next Thursday