Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013 Foreign Materials

Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013Foreign Materials

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POSIVA OY

Olki luoto

FI-27160 EURAJOKI, F INLAND

Phone (02) 8372 31 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 31 ( int. )

Fax (02) 8372 3809 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 3809 ( int. )

Apri l 2016

Työraportt i 2014-46

Nina Sacklén

Apri l 2016

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion.

Nina Sacklén

Saanio & Riekkola Oy

Työraportt i 2014-46

Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013Foreign Materials

RESULTS OF MONITORING AT OLKILUOTO IN 2013, FOREIGN MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

This report focuses on foreign materials introduced to ONKALO. These foreign materials are not part of the engineered multi-barrier system or the natural environment. All the approved materials introduced to ONKALO are included in the material handbook. Foreign materials control and management is one of the ONKALO construction safety critical functions. Other safety critical functions for the ONKALO construction are monitoring of leakages, EDZ (excavation damage zone) and drilling.

Updated ONKALO monitoring program was introduced in the beginning of 2012. The updated program will be used for the period before repository operation. Only minor changes were implemented. Monitoring has been carried out according to updated plan.

Excavation of ONKALO access tunnel was completed the in 2012. Demonstration tunnel 3 and demonstration tunnel 4 were excavated and vehicle access 13 was continued from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60 in 2013. Total excavated volume in 2013 was 4 102 m3. During the years from 2004 to 2013 the total excavated volume was 317 605 m3. All materials used in ONKALO in 2013 are listed in this report. This report also summaries the total amount of foreign materials used in ONKALO since 2004.

All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO have been pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool of ONKALO. In 2013, water samples were taken from sedimentation pool of ONKALO and from the outlet ditch. The chemistry of these waters can indicate us how the foreign materials have effected on the undisturbed groundwater chemistry.

Keywords: foreign materials, disposal of spent fuel, monitoring, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

VIERAIDEN AINEIDEN MONITOROINTI ONKALOSSA 2013

TIIVISTELMÄ

Tässä raportissa käsitellään ONKALOon vuoden 2013 aikana vietyjä materiaaleja. Vieraat materiaalit ovat ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytettäviä aineita, jotka eivät kuulu moniesteperiaatteeseen eivätkä kallioperään. Kaikki ONKALOssa käytettäväksi hyväksytyt materiaalit on listattu materiaalikäsikirjassa. Vieraiden materiaalien valvonta ja hallinta on yksi ONKALOn rakentamisen turvallisuuskriittisistä toiminnoista, joista muut ovat vuotovesien seuranta, EDZ (louhinnan vauriovyöhyke) ja kairaukset ONKALOn alueella.

Päivitetty ONKALOn monitorointiohjelma otettiin käyttöön vuoden 2012 alussa. Päivitys on voimassa ajalle ennen loppusijoituksen aloitusta. Seurantaan liittyvät muutokset olivat vähäisiä ja se on toteutunut suunnitelman mukaisesti.

ONKALOn ajotunneli louhittiin valmiiksi vuoden 2012 aikana. Vuonna 2013 demonstraatiotunneli 3 ja demonstraatiotunneli 4 louhittiin sekä ajoneuvoyhteyttä 13 jatkettiin paalulta 4366-22 paalulle 4366-60. Louhittu kalliotilavuus oli 4 102 m3. Vuosina 2004 - 2013 louhitun kallion kokonaistilavuus on 317 605 m3. Tässä raportissa on esitetty kaikki vuoden 2013 aikana ONKALOn rakentamisessa käytetyt vieraat materiaalit. Tässä raportissa esitetään myös kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen alusta vuodesta 2004 lähtien käytettyjen vieraiden aineiden määrät.

Kaikki ONKALOn rakentamisen aikana käytetty vesi pumpataan maanpinnalle sedimentaatioaltaaseen. Vuonna 2013 vesinäytteitä otettiin sedimentaatioaltaasta ja purkuputken päästä. Näiden vesien kemian muutokset ennakoivat vieraiden materiaalien vaikutuksia perustilan vesikemiaan.

Avainsanat: vieraat materiaalit, käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitus, monitorointi, Olkiluoto, ONKALO.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

TIIVISTELMÄ

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3

2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK ........................................ 7 2.1 Foreign materials ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 Material handbook ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 Allowed foreign materials ............................................................................. 8 2.4 Forbidden foreign materials ......................................................................... 8 2.5 Quality control .............................................................................................. 9

3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO ............................................... 11 3.1 Safety level A ............................................................................................. 11

3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives ....................................................... 11 3.1.2 Organic compounds .......................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds ......................................................................... 15 3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds .............................................................. 18

3.2 Safety level B ............................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 Metals ............................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 Other materials ................................................................................. 18

4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION ................................................. 21 4.1 ONKALO process waters ........................................................................... 21 4.2 Sedimentation pool of ONKALO and discharge tube ................................. 22

5 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 29

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 31

APPENDIX 1 ................................................................................................................. 33

APPENDIX 2 ................................................................................................................. 47

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3

1 INTRODUCTION

Posiva Oy is responsible for the final disposal of the spent nuclear fuel produced in the nuclear power plants in Olkiluoto and Loviisa. To perform this task, the company is preparing for the construction of a disposal facility consisting of a repository for the waste at a depth of between 400 and 450 meters in the bedrock on the Olkiluoto site.

In July 2004 Posiva began to construct an underground rock characterization facility; ONKALO, including an access tunnel, vertical shafts, and rooms for research and demonstrations. The characterisation level at -420 was reached in summer of 2010. In 2012 excavation of ONKALO access tunnel was completed. The construction of ONKALO and subsequently the construction of the repository, will affect the surrounding rock mass and the groundwater flow system as well as the environment.

Investigations related to the characterization of Olkiluoto as a potential repository site and to the determination of a baseline of the site characteristics can be regarded as the predecessor of Posiva’s monitoring programmes. These activities started in about 1980 and continued with gradually increasing intensity and scope until 2004. The first monitoring programme was published in 2003 (Posiva 2003) and has been followed since 2004, the year when the construction of ONKALO commenced. The results of each discipline have since been reported annually. Foreign materials is one part of the monitoring system, others are rock mechanics, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and environment.

Posiva submitted in the end of 2012 an application for the construction license for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Construction is planned to start in few years and to continue until 2018, provided that the licensing process proceeds as planned. For the time before repository operation Posiva has updated the monitoring programme including starting the development of monitoring of engineered barriers (Posiva 2012a). The programme of monitoring is to be updated next by 2017 to correspond to the requirements of the operational phase.

Foreign materials monitoring covers the approval procedure for the materials used in the construction of ONKALO, bookkeeping of materials that end up in the underground facilities either deliberately or accidentally, and monitoring the effect of foreign materials on the ONKALO process water and groundwater. As to the monitoring of the engineered barriers, the period of this programme will be used for research, development, and testing of necessary equipment and methods.

The aim of this report is to give an overview of the progress of monitoring the foreign materials. This report presents the monitoring of foreign materials introduced into ONKALO since the start of construction in June 2004. Previous reports Juhola (2005), Vuorio (2006), Juhola (2007, 2008, 2009), Kasa (2011), Salo (2012, 2013) and Sacklén (2015) presented the earlier results and progress of the foreign materials monitoring. The current foreign materials monitoring schedule is presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. The monitoring schedule of foreign materials during 2013 - 2018 (Posiva 2012a).

Process Target / method

Location Started 2012 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 Notes

Use of foreign materials

Amount 2004 C C C C C C C

Influence of foreign materials in process water

EC and pH monitoring

Sedimentation pool of ONKALO

2005 W W W W W W W

also in chemistry and surface environment

Discharge tube 2005 W W W W W W W

Groundwater samplings

Sedimentation pool of ONKALO

2005 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Discharge tube

2005 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Influence of foreign materials in groundwater

Groundwater samplings

Leaking structures and fractures in ONKALO

2005 X X X X X X X

C Continuous 4 Four times per year

W Weekly X Measuring campaigns according to a separate plan

The underground parts of ONKALO consist of a system of exploratory tunnels accessed via a tunnel and three shafts named hereafter: an inlet air shaft 1, an exhaust air shaft 1 and a personnel shaft 1. It has been planned that in the future ONKALO will be part of the spent nuclear fuel repository (Posiva 2012b). At the end of 2012 ONKALO's access tunnel was completed. Demonstration tunnel 3 and demonstration tunnel 4 were excavated and vehicle access 131 was continued from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60 in 2013. Each tunnel chainage is one metre long. In 2013 the excavated volume was 4 102 m3. The total excavated volume of ONKALO tunnel was 317 605 m3. The progress of the ONKALO excavation access tunnel and shafts are presented in Figure 1.

The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 were grouted down to the level -290. The vehicle access 13 was grouted at chainage 4366. The facilities were grouted with silica Meyco MP 320. Shotcreting were made in the access tunnel from chainage 4850 to chainage 4865, from chainage 4873 to chainage 4893, in the vehicle accesses 13 from chainage 4366-22 to chainage 4366-60, in the demonstration tunnel 3 from chainage 3.5

1 In 2012, the central tunnel was renamed to vehicle access 13

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to chainage 8 and in the demonstration tunnel 4 from chainage 4.8 to chainage 17.2. In the Figure 1 the locations of the shotcrete are also presented.

Figure 1. The progress of access tunnel and shafts at end of 2013 in ONKALO. The locations of the shotcrete in 2013 are shown in red.

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2 FOREIGN MATERIALS AND MATERIAL HANDBOOK

2.1 Foreign materials

Foreign materials, referred also as engineering or stray materials, are those that are neither part of the engineered barrier system (e.g. bentonite, copper canister) nor of the natural environment (rock material or groundwater). Some of the introduced foreign materials will be removed in different cleaning processes before backfilling, but some will necessarily remain in the future repository (Hjerpe 2003).

The amount of remaining foreign materials has been estimated in Hjerpe (2003). These estimations have been updated by Hagros (2007) and Karvonen (2011). The latest updated estimations are based on the repository layout produced in 2010 and consider the latest plans for grouting and rock support. Also amount of foreign materials used until 2010 have been taken into account. The most significant updates are the amount of materials used in grouting, shotcreting, support bolts and certain accessory minerals, organic materials of clay and construction materials.

Foreign materials remaining in ONKALO mostly consist of cement used for grouting and shotcreting to reinforcement the ceilings and the walls of the excavation (Vieno et al. 2003). The estimated amount of grouting and shotcrete cement introduced in ONKALO is about 11 442 tons (Karvonen 2011). Approximately 20 - 25% of pre-grouting materials are estimated to be removed during the excavation process. In this report the total amounts are reported, because the estimation of the removable amounts is inaccurate. According to present knowledge it is possible to remove shotcrete before backfilling.

Another potentially harmful group of foreign materials consists of hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds from explosive residues and organic materials. Some of the organic materials are estimated to originate from the ventilation air. A great amount of impurities of ventilation air will be filtered (Posiva 2008). Other major sources of organic materials that will remain in ONKALO include cement additives, for example superplasticizers. Superplasticizers are used to improve the workability of shotcrete and grouting cement (Posiva 2003). Disadvantages of the use of foreign materials are discussed in Vuorio (2006) and in Juhola (2005).

As all the materials are not measurable, the amounts of these are based on estimations. These materials include rubber from tyres, exhaust fumes from diesel engines, hydraulic and lubricants oils, urine and other human waste. These amounts are not estimated here but are available in Karvonen (2011).

2.2 Material handbook

The material handbook is a collection of documents providing information of the materials approved to be used in ONKALO. It includes separate instructions for the use of each material, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and other relevant information. These materials have been divided into two safety levels A and B. Safety level A (the highest safety level) includes materials, which could have impact on long-term safety. Materials in safety level B have no detrimental influence on long-term safety according

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to present knowledge. Safety level A includes cementitious materials and additives, organic compounds, inorganic nitrogen compounds and other inorganic compounds. Safety level B includes metals and other materials.

Material handbook is saved electronically in Posiva’s Kronodoc system and is so available when needed. Every worker in ONKALO is obliged to check that the material needed is included in the material handbook and in the list of allowed materials.

The instructions for introduction of a new material are found in the material handbook. A new material can be approved for the use in ONKALO, if it is not harmful for long-term safety and it has been evaluated to be suitable for ONKALO conditions. Its functionality for ONKALO conditions must have been tested. For a material in the safety level A the disadvantages of its use must be less than the possible disadvantages if it is not used.

The material handbook has been updated during 2013. Materials that are not in use any-more have been removed from the material handbook and some material safety data sheets have been updated. Also some special instructions have been checked and updated.

2.3 Allowed foreign materials

At the end of 2013 the material handbook listed 334 allowed materials, 230 in safety level A, 30 in safety level B and 64 in temporarily used materials. All the allowed materials at the end of 2013 are listed in Appendix 1 in Tables 1.1 to 1.4. Materials that are not in use anymore (e.g., allowed time for its use expired or a substituting material was found) have been removed from the material handbook.

In the Tables of Appendix 1 there are also the names of the manufacturers, in general products are named only by their trade names. Also the purpose of the use has been mentioned. Some materials could be allowed only for short period of time and these temporarily used materials have also been presented in Table 1.4 of Appendix 1. Some restrictions apply to the use of the allowed materials for example, materials can be used for the purpose they are accepted, i.e. motor oils can only be used in vehicles. In general permission to use the material is restricted in certain area that can be enlarged later if needed.

This procedure minimises the number of possible chemicals in ONKALO.

2.4 Forbidden foreign materials

No new materials were forbidden in 2013. At the end of 2013 there were 39 forbidden materials listed and these are presented in Appendix 2. The forbidden materials were not suitable for ONKALO conditions or may be harmful for long-term safety. Reasons for not allowing using some material may vary, for instance if a material contains more harmful components than a similarly functioning substitute, obviously the material containing fewer harmful components will be accepted. Sometimes a substitute material, which is better for the long-term safety, was found.

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2.5 Quality control

As a part of ONKALO construction quality control, the use of foreign materials is controlled. In 2013 altogether four internal auditing was carried out in ONKALO area. There were undeclared materials and lack of operational safety maps in ONKALO. The undeclared materials were removed from ONKALO.

There were 7 oil leakages in ONKALO in 2013 and these have been handled as nonconformities. Oil leaks have been presented in Table 2. All the oil was adsorbed and collected away.

Table 2. Oil leaks in ONKALO in 2013.

Date Location in ONKALO

Machine Oil Vol [L]

Collected away

31.1.2013 Access tunnel, chainage 4873

Excavator Hydraulic oil 1.5 All

22.2.2013 Vehicle access 1 Truck-mounted concrete pump

Hydraulic oil 70 All

26.3.2013 Shaft connection of inlet air shaft 1,

level -290

Grouting machine Hydraulic oil 1 All

27.3.2013 Vehicle access 1 Excavator Hydraulic oil 10 All

22.4.2013 Vehicle access 1 Boom lift Hydraulic oil 1-2 All

24.6.2013 Access tunnel, chainage 3019

Drilling rig Hydraulic oil 1 All

19.7.2013 Vehicle access 1 Bobcat telescopic handler

Hydraulic oil 0.5 All

The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have been defined. These limits have been calculated from estimations by Karvonen (2011).

Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored at several locations. All water used in ONKALO was pumped up to the surface and led into sedimentation pool of ONKALO. Residue oil is removed from the water before it enters the sedimentation pool of ONKALO.

Pumped water in sedimentation pool of ONKALO contains drilling mud from ONKALO. The drilling mud is removed regularly to blasted rock dumping area. Despite of oil deflector, the drilling mud might contain some residue oil. This was studies in 2013 by taking samples at the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, outlet ditch and in the dumping area. Residue oil or VOC (volatile organic compounds) were not found over the limits in samples, but Posiva will continue studies.

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The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, there is one sampling location along the outlet ditch after the end of the discharge tune, where field measurements of pH and EC are carried out. Results are reported in Chapter 4.

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3 MATERIALS AND AMOUNT USED IN ONKALO

Karvonen (2011) has re-estimated the quantities of foreign materials remaining in the different part of ONKALO and the repository at the time of backfilling. These estimations per excavated cubic meter are included in Tables 4 and 6.

The categorization of the materials in this report complies with the one used in the material handbook stored in Posiva's Kronodoc system. The materials used in ONKALO during 2013 are reported in the following sections.

3.1 Safety level A

3.1.1 Cement, concrete and additives

The inlet air shaft 1, the personnel shaft 1 and the vehicle access 13 were grouted with silica Meyco MP320. Neither SR cement nor Cementa Ultrafin 16 (UF-16) was used in grouting this year. In Tables 3 and 4 can be seen amounts of grouting materials used in 2013. The amounts are given in Table 4 separately for access tunnel and shafts. The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 were grouted down to the level -290. The vehicle access 13 was grouted at chainage 4366-22. In Figure 2 the graph is presented for used amounts per yearly quarter.

SR-cement and low pH-cement were used for grouting rock bolts (see Table 4). For construction materials SR-cement was used. These amounts are presented in Table 5.

Table 3. Grouting materials in ONKALO in 2013.

Location Cement Cement Additive Additive Additive Silica AdditiveDate UF-16 SR-

cement Grout

Aid Mighty

150 CaCl2 Meyco

MP320NaCl 10%

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg]

18.1.2013 Vehicle access 13,chainage 4366

0 0 0 0 0 11 3

28.3.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 854 222

15.5.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1085 177

24.6. -2.7.2013

Personnel shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 568 73

17.9. -24.9.2013 Inlet air shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1383 190

12.12 -23.12.2013

Personnel shaft 1 0 0 0 0 0 1214 182

Total

0 0 0 0 0 5115 847

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Table 4. Cementitious materials and additives used in ONKALO. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut.

Materials

ONKALO 2013Total ONKALO

2004-2013 Total ONKALO

and open cut

ONKALO 2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3

Amount

Dry weight

Amount Dry weight

Amount Dry weight

2004-2013

Estima-ted

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3]

Grouting

Cements

Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 383664 403325 1.21

Ultrafin16 (shafts)2 0 148016 148017

SR-Cement (tunnel) 0 18403 18403 0.06

SR-Cement (shafts)2 0 390 390

Grouting cement total

0 5504733 570135 1,27 1.41

Additives

Set Control II 0 3488 1570 3748 1687 0.01

SP-40 (tunnel) 0 3160 1264 3225 1290 0.01

SP-40 (shafts)2 0 48 19 48 19

Grout Aid (tunnel) 0 97349 48675 97349 48675 0.31

Grout Aid (shafts)2 0 120599 60300 120599 60300

Mighty150 (tunnel) 0 3343 1337 3343 1337 0.01

Mighty150 (shafts)2 0 6272 2509 6272 2509

CaCl2 (tunnel) 0 2374 855 2374 855 0.01

CaCl2 (shafts)2 0 4013 1445 4013 1445

Plugging after grouting

Cements

Ultrafin16 (tunnel) 0 5876 5876 0.02

Ultrafin16 (shafts)2 0 285 285

SR-Cement 0 1018 1018 0.00

Rapid-Cement 0 0 7122 0.02

Plugging, cement total

0 7179 14301 0.02

Shotcrete

Cements

Megacement 0 0 1290

Rapid-Cement 0 29660 29660 0.09

SR-Cement 42749 4535755 4535755 14.28

Shotcrete total 42749 4565415 4566705 14.37 31.78

2 The shaft is rising bored – not included in ONKALO 2013 volume 3 The value has been checked and may differ from the previous report (Sacklén 2015)

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Table 4. Cont.

Materials

ONKALO 2013 Total ONKALO

2004-2013 Total ONKALO

and open cut

ONKALO 2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3

Amount Dry weight

Amount Dry weight

Amount Dry weight

2004-2013

Estima-ted

[kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg/m3] [kg/m3] Shotcrete

Additives

Structuro 111X 0 1952 781 1952 781 0.01

Mapequick AF2000 0 194240 97120 194240 97120 0.61

Gecedral F 2000 HP 3012 1310 14237 6193 14237 6193 0.04

Parmix Silica 3940 2364 292429 175457 292429 175457 0.92

Super-Parmix 0 68648 27459 68648 27459 0.22

Kallio-Parmix 0 30266 12106 30266 12106 0.10

Pantarhit LK FM 1505 602 7527 3011 7527 3011 0.02 Shotcrete, additives total

8457 4276 609298 322127 609298 322127 1.92 3.45

Grout (anchor and rock bolts)

Cements

SR-Cement 2975 177939 177939 0.56

Rapid-Cement 0 0 4251 0.00

Ultrafin 16 17 17 17 0.00

Grout, cement total

2992 177956 182207 0.57 0.72

Additives

Grout Aid4 201 100 201 100 201 100 0.00

Pantarhit LK FM4 8 3 8 3 8 3 0.00

Grout, additives total

209 103 209 103 209 103 0.00 0

Since 2005 ONKALO has been shotcreted systematically. The materials used are SR-cement and Rapid-Cement and the additives used are Structuro 111X, Mape-quick AF2000, Gecedral F 2000 HP, Parmix Silica, Super-Parmix, Kallio-Parmix, and Pantarhit LK FM. The amount of used shotcrete in 2013 is given in Table 4.

4 Low pH-cement additive

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Figure 2. The amount of grouting cement silica Meyco MP320 and additives used per yearly quarter in ONKALO in 2013.

Table 5. Construction materials (cementitious materials and additives) and amount used in ONKALO in 2013. These materials are not included in the Table 4.

Materials

ONKALO 2013 Total ONKALO

2012-2013

Amount Amount

[kg] [kg] Construction materials

Cements SR-Cement 225572 341896

Additives

Kallio-Parmix 3754 5708

Pantarhit LK FM 24 581

Ilma-Parmix 0 6

Mastertop 450 0 7950

Masterflow 928 65 65

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3.1.2 Organic compounds

Some of the cement additives can also be organic compounds but these have been classified to the same group with cement.

Geological measurement points were marked in ONKALO with AT-marking paint. In 2013 11.4 L paint was used, the total amount used during construction is 1 435 L.

Different kinds of organics oils, such as lubricants, anti-freeze solutions and fuel were used in the vehicles in ONKALO. The amounts of fuel oil and diesel oil used in ONKALO in 2013 are 57 064 L and 55 322 L, respectively.

3.1.3 Nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen compounds are mainly from explosives. Explosives manufactured by Oy Forcit Ab were used in the ONKALO tunnel excavations. Mainly bulk-emulsion explosives were used in ONKALO. These bulk-emulsion explosives included Kemiitti 810 as matrix and fumigant. Depending on the recipe, also acetic acid could be used. Acetic acid is a catalyst of blasting and without it the fumigation of blasting could be incomplete if the temperature in ONKALO is too low. Since 2012 the temperature in ONKALO was high enough that acetic acid was not used.

Amount of all used explosives are presented in Table 6. Although acetic acid is an organic compound it is also presented in this group. A summary of the explosives used in tunnel in 2013 is provided in Figures 3 and 4. The amount of explosives per yearly quarter is given in graphical form.

Studies of the nitrogen compounds from explosive residues have started in 2012. The preliminary results are reported in the Posiva’s internal report. Studies will be continued to conform the results.

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Table 6. Amount of used explosives in 2013. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut. Estimations are made by Karvonen (2011).

Materials [unit]

ONKALO 2013

Total ONKALO 2004-2013

Total ONKALO

and open cut 2004-2013

ONKALO 2004-2013 VOLUME = 317605 m3

Amount Amount Amount Used

[kg/m3] Estimated

[kg/m3]

Caps [pcs] 4119 236019 2371035 0.74 pcs/m3 0.7 pcs/m3

Cords [m] 0 43944 457856 0.14 m/m3

Anite [kg] 0 2401 3728 0.01

F-pipe [kg] 0 2399 2400 0.01

Kemix-A cartridge [kg] 0 115594 115594 0.36

Kemix-A pipecharge[kg] 9240 236642 2366816 0.75

Dynamite [kg] 0 0 959 0.00

Riogur F CD [kg] 1886 4647 4647 0.01

Kemiitti 810 matrix [kg] 0 789455 789455 2.49

Kemiitti 810 fumigant [kg] 0 15821 15821 0.05

Nobel Prime [kg] 0 81388 81388 0.26

Explosives total [kg] 11126 1248348 1250673 3.93 3.8

Acetic Acid 100% [kg] 0 1404 1404

5 Amount of used exolosives for open cut of hoisting building has not been included 6 The value has been checked and may differ from the previous report (Sacklén 2015)

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Figure 3. The amount of caps per yearly quarter used in ONKALO in 2013.

Figure 4. The amount of Kemix-A pipecharge used per yearly quarter in ONKALO in 2013.

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3.1.4 Other inorganic compounds

Coordinate measured support bolts have been paint earlier with Falu red ochre paint, but the paint was changed in year 2008. Since that these marks have been painted with AT-marking paint.

3.2 Safety level B

3.2.1 Metals

Support bolts were used for rock reinforcement. Support bolts have been made of stainless steel. Krampe Harex fibres were used with shotcreting. Used amount of metal components are reported in Table 7. Since 2012 steel grades for construction engineering in ONKALO have been reported. These are also presented in the Table 7. No stud bolts, wedge anchors or brass sleeves were installed in ONKALO in 2013.

3.2.2 Other materials

Sodium fluorescein has been used as a tracer for the drilling water i.e. process water. Measurements results for the concentration of sodium fluorescein are reported in Chapter 4. Used amount of it hasn’t been reported because almost all of it is sluiced away.

Maxam clay has been used in charging the rock with bulk-emulsion explosives as a plug. Plugging the charges with clay decreases the amount of dud explosives and explosives needed in blasting.

In 2013, construction materials for construction engineering used in ONKALO have presented in the Table 8.

Ikasorb 1030 is an absorbent and has been used after oil leak if needed. Used Ikasorb 1030 has been removed from ONKALO and amount of use were not reported.

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Table 7. Metal component and amount used in ONKALO in 2013. The total used amount from the beginning of construction are detailed separately for ONKALO and for ONKALO including open cut. RST = stainless steel, HST = acid-proof stainless steel, kZn = hot-dip galvanized steel.

2013


Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2013

Support bolts [pcs] A500HW HST 25*3000 0 3170 3260 A500HW HST 25*4000 0 64 308 A500HW HST 25*5000 0 25 27 A500HW HST 32*2500 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*3000 0 0 2 A500HW HST 32*4000 0 0 21 A500HW HST 32*4500 0 0 123 A500HW HST 32*6000 0 8 62 A500HW kZn 25*5000 0 12 12 A500HW RST 20*3000 98 98 98 A500HW RST 25*600 214 214 214 A500HW RST 25*2000 0 18 18 A500HW RST 25*3000 135 9129 9129 A500HW RST 25*3200 0 57 57 A500HW RST 25*4000 75 981 981 A500HW RST 25*5000 0 260 260 A500HW total 522 14036 14572 CT-bolt L3000 kZn 0 2967 2967 CT-bolt L5000 kZn 0 11 11 Kiiruna Bolts L1000 RST 0 207 207 Kiiruna Bolts L2400 RST 0 121 121 Kiiruna Bolts L3000 RST 0 6505 6505 FIN-bolt 20*1000 142 577 577 FIN-bolt 20*2400 167 658 658 FIN-bolt 20*2600 0 205 205 FIN-bolt 20*3000 134 2113 2113 FIN-bolt 20*4000 0 14 14 FIN-bolt 20*5000 0 545 545 FIN-bolts total 443 4112 4112

Shotcrete fibres [kg] ZCF-03-35 0 90 90 Krampe Harex 3940 108587 108587 Dramix 0 242217 242217

Mine mesh [kg] AISI 304 6094ST 0 740 740 AISI 304 8276H 648 4549 4549

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Tabel 7. Cont.

2013


Total ONKALO + open cut 2004-2013

Construction materials, steel grades [kg] AISI 304 127 9942 9942 AISI 316 0 11974 11974 AISI 316L 323 23206 23206 B600KX 7 mm 2685 4195 4195 B600KX 9 mm 9471 19399 19399 B600KX 11 mm 15 2805 2805 B600KX 16 mm 0 150 150 B600KX 20 mm 0 1377 1377 B600KX mesh 0 14726 14726 B600KX mesh 7 mm 6456 6456 6456

Table 8. Construction materials (other materials) and amount used in ONKALO in 2013.

Construction materials, other materials

2013 Total ONKALO

2004-2013 Binding wire [kg] 215 215 Aluminium rod [kg] 0 28 Concrete plug [m] 31 57 Two-component glue [kg] 17 29 Spacer [kg] 0 181 Fire door [pcs] 8 8 Drainage pipe [m] 0 84 Fastening plate [kg] 54 89 Expansion joint [m] 15 68 Fastening angle [kg] 0 220 Lifting anchor [kg] 0 12 Sewage pipe [kg] 0 46Tie sleeve [kg] 78 84 Cast iron lid [pcs] 0 4 Concrete wall element [kg] 0 15042 Border strip [kg] 11 11 Centralizer [kg] 0 1 Service platform [kg] 7000 7000 Plastic sheeting [kg] 50 50 Thin-layer mortar [kg] 400 400 Mortar 300 300

21

4 MONITORING OF ONKALO CONSTRUCTION

4.1 ONKALO process waters

All process waters used in ONKALO are pumped from the Korvensuo reservoir. A tracer, sodium fluorescein is added in the water in order to enable identification of the remaining amount of process water in real groundwater samples. The concentration of sodium fluorescein used in process waters is 250 μg/L.

The concentration of sodium fluorescein is controlled by regular sampling of process water. In 2013, samples of process water were collected once a week according to Posiva's working instructions. The results of the analyses are presented in Figure 5. Sodium fluorescein concentration in process water has mainly varied between the values of 200 and 250 μg/L. The sodium fluorescein concentration variations in process water were small except one measurement in January when technical problems occured.

Samples from the main solution were taken after sodium fluorescein had been added in the main solution container. The analysis process of the main solution will remain unchanged and process water samples will be taken once a week.

Figure 5. Results of sodium fluorescein analyses of process waters, in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube in 2013.

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4.2 Sedimentation pool of ONKALO and discharge tube

All waters used during the excavation of ONKALO are pumped up to the surface into a sedimentation pool of ONKALO after the removal of residual oil from the water. From the sedimentation pool of ONKALO the water flows through an outlet pipe to the outlet ditch. The locations of the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the discharge tube (outlet pipe), the outlet ditch and the measuring point 1 are presented in Figure 6. Since 2012 the measuring points have been reduced from four to one. In addition to the one measuring point along the ditch, samples have also been taken at the end of the discharge tube. The distance from the discharge tube to the measuring point (measuring point 1) is approximately 5 m.

Figure 6. The location of the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the outlet pipe and the measuring point 1 in the outlet ditch. The end of the discharge tube is five meters south of the measuring point.

23

The quality of the water in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and in the discharge tube has been monitored weekly through pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurements as well as sodium fluorescein analyses. In addition, water samples (Class A water samples) have been collected four times a year from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and five times a year from the end of the discharge tube according to instructions given in Lamminmäki et al. 2009.

The chemical results for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO are shown in Table 9 and for the end of the discharge tube in Table 10. The higher SiO2 concentrations are due to the excavation work. In 2013, the sampling program stayed the same as in 2012.

The results of field pH measurements for all sampling points are presented in Figure 7. The pH of the water pumped out was slightly alkaline in both the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and in the outlet ditch. The pH of the water was nearly neutral in the measuring point 1. According to Figure 7 that highest pH values were measured at the end of the discharge tube. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7.5 and 8.5. The pH of the water is lower than last year 2012 (Sacklén 2015).

The shotcreting in the ONKALO tunnel in 2013 were made from middle of February to end of October. The amount of used cement was significantly less than in 2012. So far the high pH values have not constituted a risk to the environment, because high pH values are neutralized soon after the water reaches the ditch.

The EC values of water samples taken from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and from the end of the discharge tube behave in a similar way as illustrated in Figure 8. In general the EC results varied between the values of 240 and 400 mS/m, with a few values under and over these values (min 139 mS/m, max 420 mS/m).

The influence of grouting cement and shotcrete can be seen in the results of pH and some indication of electric conductivity in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO. The low pH values are the result of use of grouting and shotcrete cement have reduced in ONKALO.

Groundwater hydrogeochemistry analyses results from ONKALO in 2013 have not been reported by the time of printing of this report. The chemistry of groundwater in ONKALO has been compared with the chemistry in sedimentation pool of ONKALO. The baseline conditions have been reported in Andersson et al. 2007.

In NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations the influence of blasting can be seen in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO. In the baseline conditions recorded for the groundwater in ONKALO the NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations were very low (under 1 mg/L,) (Andersson et al. 2007). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool of ONKALO have been presented in Figure 9. The lower NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations due to the excavation work has reduced and thereby amount of used explosives have decreased compared to 2012.

24

24

Table 9. Analysis results of water samples taken from sedimentation pool of ONKALO.

pH Conductivity Sodium

fluorescein DIC DOC

Total alkalinity, HCl uptake

Carbonate alkalinity, HCl uptake

Total acidity, NaOH uptake

HCO3

(mS/cm) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mg/l)

10.4.2013 8 3.89

11 24 6.3 2.2 < 0.05 < 0.05 134

15.5.2013 8 3.47

15 24 6.1 2.1 < 0.05 0.06 128

28.8.2013 8.3 4.2

3.1 22 6.5 2 < 0.05 < 0.05 122

27.11.2013 8.1 3.25

38 24 6.8 2.2 < 0.05 < 0.05 134

Cl Br SO4 S-tot NO3 NO2 N-tot Al Na K Ca Mg Fe-tot SiO2 NH4

Suspendedsolids Sr

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)

10.4.2013 1040 5.8 191 61 32.7 3 9.4 58 540 19 230 19 0.037 81 0.41 19 2

15.5.2013 840 4.1 294 94 39.4 2.1 12 430 460 17 190 23 0.14 370 0.19 64 1.6

28.8.2013 1130 5.9 272 89 44 0.3 10 2 610 20 210 21 0.005 19 0.02 21 2

27.11.2013 840 4.4 198 65 28,9 1.4 8.8 6 440 14 180 20 0.007 17 1.6 39 1.6

25

Table 10. Analysis of the results of samples taken from the end of discharge tube.

pH Conductivity Sodium

fluorescein DIC DOC

Total alkalinity. HCl uptake

Carbonate alkalinity. HCl uptake

Total acidity. NaOH uptake

HCO3

(mS/cm) (µg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (mg/l)

30.1.2013 8.2 3.6 18 25 7.5 2.1 <0.05 128

13.3.2013 7.9 3.44 3.5 27 6.7 2.4 <0.05 146

15.5.2013 8 3.44 2.8 22 5.8 1.9 <0.05 116

28.8.2013 8.2 4.02 <1 18 6.2 1.6 <0.05 98

11.12.2013 8.1 3.07 13 32 7.1 2.8 <0.05 171

Cl Br SO4 S-tot NO3 NO2 N-tot Na K Ca Mg Fe-tot SiO2 NH4 Sr Suspended

solids

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)

30.1.2013 191 18.5 0.08 6.8

197 36.4 0.3 7.5

15.5.2013 295 46.3 0.07 17

28.8.2013 261 37.7 <0.02 13

11.12.2013 201 13 0.08 41

13.3.2013

26

26

Figure 7. Results of field pH measurements for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, the end of the discharge tube and the open ditch (measuring point 1). Measuring locations of the points have been presented in Figure 6.

Figure 8. Results of the EC measurements in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube in 2013. Note that EC values are expressed as mS/cm.

27

Figure 9. NO3, NO2 and N-tot concentrations in sedimentation pool of ONKALO in 2013.

The amount of groundwater from the ONKALO tunnel still plays a minor role in the total amount of water pumped out, because the process waters mix with groundwater. The amount of leaking groundwater in ONKALO is reported in monitoring report of hydrology and hydrogeology (Vaittinen et al. 2014).

Figure 5 shows the sodium fluorescein results for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube. Sodium fluorescein decomposes under the influence of UV light. Therefore the sodium fluorescein concentrations in the summertime are slightly smaller than the concentrations in the winter. In 2013, sodium fluorescein concentrations for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube were lower than in 2012.

28

29

5 SUMMARY

Foreign materials monitoring in ONKALO covers the approval procedure for the materials used in the construction of ONKALO, bookkeeping of materials that end up in the underground facilities either deliberately or accidentally, and monitoring the effect of foreign materials on the ONKALO process water and groundwater.

For the time before repository operation 2012 - 2018 Posiva has updated the monitoring programme (Posiva 2012a). The way of listing and counting foreign materials in different groups has remained the same from 2012.

The most common foreign material introduced in ONKALO is cement and its additives. SR-cement was used for shotcreting, for soldering bolts to rock and in construction materials. The amount of used SR-cement was significantly less than in 2012. No grouting with SR-cement was made in 2013. The inlet air shaft 1 and the personnel shaft 1 down to the level -290 and the vehicle access 13 at chainage 4366 were grouted with silica Meyco MP 320. The acceptance limits for the use of foreign materials have not been exceeded from the perspective of functions critical to long-term safety.

Migration of the dissolved foreign materials in groundwater was monitored by taking water samples from the sedimentation pool of ONKALO, at the end of the discharge tube and from one separate measuring location along the outlet ditch. All the water used in ONKALO is pumped to the surface and collected in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO after removal of residual oil. As expected the highest pH values were measured in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and at the end of the discharge tube. The pH of the water primarily fluctuated between the values of 7.5 and 8.5. The range of pH was lower than in 2012. This is due to the fact that the amount of used SR-cement has reduced in ONKALO.

Some increases were noted in the electric conductivity values in water samples when shotcreting took place in ONKALO. In general the EC results varied between values of 240 and 400 mS/m, thus making the range of EC slightly wider than in 2012.

The migration of dissolved reaction products of blasting materials can be seen in sedimentation pool of ONKALO when measured values of NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations are compared with the ones measured during the baseline determinations (< 1 mg/L). The NO2, NO3 and N-tot concentrations were lower compared to 2012. This is due to the fact that excavation work has reduced and thereby amount of used explosives have decreased.

Sodium fluorescein was added as a tracer so that its' concentration in the process water was 250 g/L. Sodium fluorescein concentration in the outlet water has generally been less than 40 g/L in the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and generally varied between 1 and 25 g/L at the end of the discharge tube, excluding a few outliers. Sodium fluorescein concentrations for the sedimentation pool of ONKALO and for the end of the discharge tube were lower than in 2012.

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31

REFERENCES

Andersson, J., Ahokas, H., Hudson, J., Koskinen, L., Luukkonen, A., Löfman, J., Keto, V., Pitkänen, P., Mattila, J., Ikonen, A.T.K. and Ylä-Mella, M. 2007. Olkiluoto Site Description 2006. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Report 2007-03.

Hagros, A. 2007. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2007-17.

Hallbeck, L., Jägevall, S., Pääjärvi, A., Rabe, L., Edlund, J. and Eriksson, S. 2012. Microbial Analyses of Cement and Grouting Additives. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2012-04.

Hjerpe, T. 2003. Engineered and Stray Materials in the Underground Rock Characterisation Facility ONKALO – Estimation of Quantities at the Time of the Backfilling. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2003-48.

Juhola, P. 2005. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2004. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2005-27.




Karvonen, T. 2011. Foreign Materials in the Repository - Update of Estimated Quantities. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2011-32.

Kasa, S. 2011. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2009. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2010-46.

Lamminmäki, T., Hirvonen, H., Mäkinen, V., Nurminen, A., Paaso, N., Vepsäläinen, A. and Lehtinen, A. 2009. Posivan vesinäytteenoton kenttätyöohje. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Työraportti 2009-36. (in Finnish with an English abstract).

Pedersen, K., Arlinger, J., Eriksson, S., Hallbeck, M., Johansson, J., Jägevall, S. and Karlsson, L. 2008. Microbiology of Olkiluoto Groundwater. Results and Interpretations 2007. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2008-34.

Posiva Oy 2003. Programme of Monitoring at Olkiluoto during Construction and Operation of the ONKALO. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva 2003-05.

Posiva Oy 2008. ONKALO - Main Drawings in 2007. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2008-01.

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Posiva Oy 2012a. Monitoring at Olkiluoto – a Programme for the Period Before Repository Operation. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. POSIVA 2012-01.

Posiva Oy 2012b. Posiva’s Construction Licence Application for the Final Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel – Hakemus Olikuodon kaselointi- ja loppusijoituslaitoksen rakentamiseksi käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitusta varten. Posiva Oy (31.12.2012) (In finnish).

Sacklén, N. 2015. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2012. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2013-46.

Salo, V. 2012. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2011-46.

Salo, V. 2013. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2011. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2012-46.

Vaittinen, T., Ahokas, H., Komulainen, J., Nummela, J., Pentti, Turku, J., Karvonen, T. and Aro, S. 2014. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013, Hydrology and Hydrogeology. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva working report 2014-43.

Vieno, T., Lehikoinen, J., Löfman, J., Nordman, H. and Mészáros, F. 2003. Assessment of Disturbances caused by Construction and Operation of ONKALO. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva 2003-06.

Vuorio, M. 2006. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2005. Foreign Materials. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Posiva Working Report 2006-58.

33

APPENDIX 1

Table 1.1. Allowed organic materials in safety level A in ONKALO 2013. The table continues to the six following pages.

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Marking paint AT-marking paint AT-tuote

Non-freezing solution GlycoShell Shell

Windshield cleaning agent Lasol 100 Berner Automotive

Compressor oil Mobil Nuto H32 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Lubricant Grease Centra W Shell

Transmission oil Spirax AX 80W-90 Shell

Motor oil Helix Ultra motor oil 5W-40 Shell Transmission oil for automatic transmission Donax YB brake fluid Shell

Motor oil Universal Engine Oil Shell

Motor oil Rimula R3 Multi Oil 10W-30 Shell

Grease Retinax Grease HDX2 Shell

Hydraulic oil Tellus Oil S 68 Shell

Zinc spray Maston Zinc spray Maston

Cleaning agent for vehicles PS-10 JL-Tuotteet

Brake fluid Donax TA Shell Water softener (cleaning vehicles) Kärcher RM 110 ASF Ultra Kärcher Oy

Fuel Thermo City. winter/summer Shell

Drainage pipe under shotcrete Drainage pipe (PE foam) Almacon Oy

Densiphalt coating mixture Densiphalt Densit a/s For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Bestolife 3010 Ultra Bestolife Co For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Copparpaste Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Acrylic Sealant Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread

Battery terminal protector 189365 Würth Svenska AB

For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread

Battery terminal protector 0890104 Würth Svenska AB

For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Contact OL Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Brake clearer Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Multi 2000 Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Hand cleaner Würth Svenska AB For raising boring machine. lubricant for bar thread Handfoam Würth Svenska AB

34

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 15W-40 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Diesel engine oil CAT DEO 10W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil SAE 10 W ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Hydraulic- and transmission oil

CAT Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Transmission oil CAT TDTO 30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Coolant CAT ELC Premix 50/50 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Additive of hydraulic oil CAT Hydraulic Oil Additive ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Coolant for Land Rover Korrek Coolant G30 Korrek (Berner Oy automotive)

Transmission oil for Land Rover Castrol SMX-S Nordic Lubricants

Brake fluid for Land Rover Castrol Response DOT 4 Nordic Lubricants Power steering liquid for Land Rover Castrol TQ Dextron III Nordic Lubricants Universal grease for Land Rover

Swivel Housing Grease STC 3435 Land Rover

Fire foam Ecopol Bio Ex SA Silicone foam 3-6548 silicone RTV foam Dow Corning SA

Cooling oil Sigma Fluid S-460 KAESER Kompressoren GmbH

Acetic acid for emulsion blasting Acetic acid Algol Chemicals Oy Grease for percussion hammer Chisel Paste Fuchs Lubritech GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor Acetone VWR International In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning the sensor T-Röd Kemetyl AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Component A to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 A Gelb E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Component B to fix the sensor Glue 3 00305 B Blaub E. Epple & Co. GmbH In-situ rock stress measurement: Fixing the joint of the cable White vaselin Svenska Statoil AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Liquid for the compass Petroleum Spirit Alcro-Beckers AB In-situ rock stress measurement: Lubricating the ball bearing CRC-5-56 CRC Industries Europe bvba

35

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Washing agent for vehicles Glass Clean CRC Lubricant Silicone CRC Lubricant 5-56 CRC Cleaning agent Brakleen CRC Lubricant Multilube CRC Cleaning agent for the maintenance of plug pins

Special-lubricant for the maintenance Mennekes Elektrotechnik

Copper paste Copper paste CU800 Würth Hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil 46S Teboil

Diesel engine oil Mobil Delvac Super 1400 10W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Automatic transmission oil Mobil ATF ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Grease Mobilux EP2 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Spirax MB90 Shell Transmission oil Spirax MA 80W Shell Transmission oil Shell Donax TD 10W-30 Shell Motor oil Rimula R4L 15W-40 Shell Cleaning agent Industol PE2 IS-VET Oy Centralizer in Posiva Flow Log

Centralizer of Posiva Flow Log Etra

Rubber sheet in Posiva Flow Log Posiva Flow Log rubber disc Kumijaloste Oy Tapes in Posiva Flow Log AT8 Floor marking tape Advancetapes Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3M vinyl tape 471 3M in Finland Tapes in Posiva Flow Log 3 different tapes Teippikeskus Oy

Sealant in Posiva Flow Log Molykote 111 Dow Corning Corporation Corporate Center

Joint grease ENSTO joint grease SR 1 Ensto Sekko Oy NDT testing materials Bycotest RP20 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest D30 Bycosin AB NDT testing materials Bycotest C5 Bycosin AB Water insulation of SRS pools at level -284 Sulin Plastic Mortar Sulin Oy Semi glossy & glossy spray paints Würth blue and black Würth Oy Derusting agent MoS2 CRC Motor oil Shell Rimula R6LM 228,51 Shell

Transmission oil Shell Rimula R3 10W (API CD) Shell

Axel oil Shell Spirax A90LS Shell

Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil S46 (ISO VG46) Shell

Transmission oil Shell Tegula Oil 32 Shell

36

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer

Cooling agent GLYCOShell Longlife Concentrate Shell

Motor oil Neste Turbo LXE 15-40 Neste Transmission oil Neste ATF-X Neste Lubricant Neste hypoidi LF Neste Hydraulic oil Neste hydraulic S32 Neste Isolator for condenser tubes NH/Armaflex Armacell GmbH Fuel for fire pump Petrol 95 Octane Shell Motor oil Mobil Delvac 1 LE 5W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobiltrans MBT 75W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Hydraulic oil Mobil DTE 10 Excel 32 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobilube 1 SHC 75W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus S 46 Shell Transimission oil Shell Spirax S3 AX 80W-90 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Retinax Grease EP2 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S2 V220-2 Shell Lubricant CRC 5-56 CRC Lubricant for bar thread Bestolife 4010 NM Bestolife Co

Refrigerant DuPont SUVA®407C DuPont de Nemours (Nederland) B.V

Hydraulic oil PYROTEC HFD 46 Exxonmobil Finland Oy Ab Vaseline spray for grouting equipment PRF Bajol Taerosol Oy Hydraulic oil Kendall Hyken Golden Kendall Hyken Diesel engine oil Kendall Super-D XA Kendall Hyken Golden Protective agent for grouting equipment Neste Muotti L Neste Markkinointi Oy

Compressor oil Shell Corena S2 R 46 Shell Motor oil Mobil 1 ESP Formula 5W-30 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Lubricating oil Shell Air Tool Oil S2 A 100 Shell Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S3 A1300C 2 Shell Refrigerating machine oil EMKARATE RL Oy Combi Cool Cleansing Finroy concrete removal Finroy Finland Oy Motor oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Castrol Edge 0W-30 Castrol Brake fluid for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Brakefluid Volkswagen AG Coolant for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Coolant AD Volkswagen AG

37

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Power steering fluid for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Oil Volkswagen AG Outboard oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Axle oil Volkswagen AG Transmission oil for Volkswagen Amarok 4Motion and Transporter-Caravelle 2.5 TDI 96kW 4Motion Euro 5 Transmission oil Volkswagen AG Lubricant Shell Gadus S2 V220 0 Shell General lubricant Shell Gadus S2 V220 2 Shell

Washing agent Pineline Tehopesu (power washing) Würth Oy

Wax shampoo PS-Polygen JL-Tuotteet Oy Lubricant Shell Spirax S2 ALS 90 Shell Insulation KAIFLEX HF HL Tech Oy Between sedimentation pool and wall Plastic sheet Sauplast Oy Vertical drain between adjustment and construction concrete in sedimentation pool Vertical drainage membrane PMI-Plast GmbH To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Tie sleeve Doka Finland Oy Protective agent and sealer for drill rod threads Sandvik Thread Compound

Sandvik Mining & Construction

For grouting of rock joint and construction joints in concrete structure Grouting hose Joco 10 Muottikolmio Oy To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Linear rebar spacer Okaria Oy Curing of constructional concrete surfaces

Concrete curing compound Curing 103 Semtu Oy

Waterproofing of aluminium tie bar in TTRU-area Seal bar Okaria Oy For soil separation, protection and drying in TTRU-area Geo membrane TS 4 Oy ViaPipe Ab Oil for Volkswagen Transporter-Caravelle 4Motion vehicle Volkswagen HIGH PERFO Volkswagen AG Two-component glue for installation of tie bars Repoxal Max Frank GmbH & Co KG To ensure the concrete cover of reinforment in TTRU-area Rebar spacer Okaria Oy Brake fluid for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle DOT 5.1 W-MAX Würth Oy

38

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Automatic transmission oil for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Mobil ATF 134 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Coolant for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Mobil Antifreeze ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transfer oil for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle

Automatic-Getriebeöl, ATF 3353 Daimler AG

Power steering liquid for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle

Servolenkungsöl/-Lenkgetriebeöl Daimler AG

Driving gear oil of front axle for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle Hinterachsöl, Blatt 235.8 Daimler AG Driving gear oil of rear axle for Mercedes-Benz Vito vehicle

Universal-Hypoidgetriebeöl, SAE 75 W-85 Daimler AG

Protection of constructional concrete Foam strip Meltex Oy Lubricant for percussion hammer 5-Wheel Grease Svenska Statoil Ab General lubricant Chassis Grease Svenska Statoil Ab Diesel engine oil Neste Diesel 10W-30 Neste Markkinointi Oy Diesel engine oil Neste Diesel 15W-40 Neste Markkinointi Oy Industrial oil Neste Ilmatyö 46 Neste Markkinointi Oy Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Brake fluid Shell Tellus Oil 32 Shell Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Lubricant for winch and brake hubs Shell Omala S2 G 320 Shell Prototype of canister installation vehicle: Hydraulic oil PYROTEC HFD 46 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Brake fluid for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Brake fluid VolvoAutomatic transmission oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Transmission oil VolvoAngle transmission oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Transmission oil VolvoSwitch oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle AWD Transmission oil clutch VolvoRear axle oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Rear axle oil VolvoEngine oil for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle

Moottoriöljy (Engine oil) 0w-30 LongLife Volvo

Non-freezing solution for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle Coolant Concentrated Volvo

39

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Power steering liquid for Volvo V70 II 2.4 D5 AWD vehicle

TEHOSTINÖLJY (Power steering liquid) Volvo

Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Arctic Oil 32 Univar Oy

Engine oil for Peugeot Boxer Castrol Magnatec Professional 5W-30 Nordic Lubricants AB

Transmission oil for Peugeot Boxer Mobil gear oil BV 75W-80 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Coolant for Peugeot Boxer REVKOGEL(TM) Antigel 2000 Dow France SAS

Brake fluid for Peugeot Boxer Mobil Brake Fluid DOT 4 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Power steering liquid for Peugeot Boxer Power steering liquid Total Lubrifiants Lubricant Castrol Obeen UF 2 Telko Oy Lubricants Lubricant grease Mobilith SHC 220 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobil SHC 629 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab

Transmission oil Klüberoil GEM 1-220 N Klüber Lubrication Skandinavien A/S

Transmission oil Klübersynth GH 6-220 Klüber Lubrication Skandinavien A/S

Transmission oil Mobilube HD 80W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Transmission oil Mobilube LS 85W-90 ExxonMobil Finland Oy Ab Coolant HD ZERO BS6580 Aspokem Oy

Fuel Shell Diesel winter grade and summer grade St1 Energy Oy

Hydraulic oil Houghto-Safe 620E Houghton Finland

Protective agent for metal Metallisuoja HT (Protective agent for metal)

Würth Oy

Protective agent for metal HSP 1400 Würth Oy Cleaning agent for welding of acid resisting steel pipe

Neste Isopropanoli (Isopropanol) Neste Oil

For fire suppression of prototype of canister transfer / installation vehicle prototype

Tunnistuspiirin neste -30 (Detector circuit liquid) Fogmaker International AB

For fire suppression of prototype of canister transfer / installation vehicle

Fire suppression liquid Extinguishant -35 Fogmaker International AB

Lubricating oil Shell Omala S4 WE 320 Univar Oy

Lubricating oil Texaco Meropa ISO 220 Finnoleum Oy

Hydraulic oil Shell Tellus Oil 32 Univar Oy Lubricant grease Shell Gadus S2 V100 2 Univar Oy

40

Table 1.2. Allowed cement, concrete and additives; inorganic nitrogen compounds and inorganic compounds in safety level A in ONKALO 2013.

Cement, concrete and additives Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Additive in grouting Cementa Set Control II Cementa AB

Superplasticiser in grouting Scanchem SP-40 Sika Norge

Additive in grouting GroutAid Elkem ASA

Cement for grouting Ultrafin 16 Cementa AB

Cement for shotcrete SR-cement Finnsementti Oy

Accelerator in shotcrete Mapequick AF-2000 Rescon Mapei

Additive in shotcrete Super-Parmix Finnsementti Oy

Shotcrete additive Parmix-Silika Finnsementti Oy Flooring material hardening agent Mastertop 450 BASF Oy

Accelerator in grouting Calcium chloride CaCl2 Nedmag B.V

Non-shrink grouting mortar Mastertop 928 BASF Oy

Cement coating Finnseco S Tikkurila Oyj

Superplasticiser in grouting Melcrete 500L (Kallio-Parmix) BASF Oy

Superplasticiser in shotcrete Pantarhit LK FM Ha-Be Finnland

Accelerator in shotcrete Gecedral F 2000 HP Ha-Be Finnland

Thin-layer mortar Weber Vetonit OL 15 Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab

Mortar Weber Vetonit ML 10 mortar Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab

Viscosity additive Stabilisierer DF (ST)Ha-Be Betonchemie GmbH & Co. KG

Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Fesil microsilica Fesil Rana Metall As Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Quartz NFQ 0-0,2 Sibelco Nordic Oy Ab Additive in concrete for POPLU test plug Quartz FFQ 45 Sibelco Nordic Oy Ab

Cement for grouting Ultrafin 12 Cementa AB Mortar for technical building service rooms Weber Vetonit ML 5 Saint-Gobain Weber Oy Ab In concrete for POPLU test plug Fly ash B4 Emineral a/s

41

Nitrogen compounds Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer Electric detonator Firex VA-L OY FORCIT AB

Blasting cartridge Kemix A - cartridge OY FORCIT AB

Detonating cord F-cord 10 OY FORCIT AB

Detonator NONEL OY FORCIT AB

Blasting pipe charge Kemix A- pipe charge OY FORCIT AB

Bulk-emulsion Kemiitti 810 OY FORCIT AB

Fuel additive GREENOX AdBlue Yara International ARA

Detonating cord Detocord Lapuan Räjähdysainepalvelu Oy

Presplit product Riogur F CD Maxam Suomi Oy

Detonator Forprime OY FORCIT AB

Inorganic compounds

Purpose of use Trade name Manufacturer

Marking paint Falu Red Ochre paint Tikkurila

Charging hole plug Maxam Taco clay plug Maxam Europe S.A

Welding rod Arosta 304L Lincoln Electric

Plaster mortar Rimat 2000 Gyproc G66 Gyproc Oy

Plaster mortar Gyproc G77 Gold Saint-Gobain Rakennustuotteet Oy

42

Table 1.3. Allowed materials in safety level B in ONKALO 2013.

Metals

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Rock bolt Ørsta Stal AS CT-rock bolt Reinforcement bar Fundia Deformed reinforcement bar

Shotcrete Fibres Fibco GmbH Shotcrete fibers CF-03-35

Mine net Tammet Oy Mine net Shotcrete Fibres Bekaert Dramix Shotcrete Fibres

Posiva Flow Log Metal parts in Posiva Flow Log

Springwire to center the deformed reinforcement bar Springwire AB Steel springwire Kiiruna bolts for rock strengthening Pyhäsalmen Metallityö Deformed reinforcement bar Pipe collar Würth Oy Stainless steel Steel bolt Outokumpu Oyj LDX 2101-steel bolt Tie bar for concrete formwork in TTRU-area Norsk Hydro ASA Roundbar-aluminium rod

Rock reinforcement Suomen Metallityö Oy Modified FIN bolt7 Bolting the ventilation brackets Mertek-Group Oy

Bolt M16x50 and screw M16

Attaching the fire door frame to the concrete structure Hilti Oy

Screw anchor HUS-HR 8x55/-/5

Fastening the capping of ventilation brackets Masterfix Product bv Blind rivets stainless steel Connecting anchor for rock reinforcement mesh

A number of different manufacturers

Network anchor: threaded rod M20

Equipment hook Sormat Oy PFG HBF 10 forged hook bolt Fastening fire water service network Valbruna Nordic AB Reinforcement bolts Fastening fire water service network Outokumpu Oyj Steel sheets

7 Includes also to safety level A

43

Other

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Absorbent Berner Oy Absodan universal Marker Stanford NA Peel Off China Marker Tracer in water Merck kGaA Fluorescein sodium Absorbent Balerman Oy Chem-Sorb Absorbent CC-Company Ikasorb 1030

Fire insulating material Paroc Wired Mat 80 Wall element in rescue chamber Rudus Oy

RUDUS VSK-100 wall element

Oil spill prevention materials, absorbent textile for oil and chemical leak Yxhult Miljö Ab Absol Oil spill prevention materials, waterproofed oil absorbent textile ECOTEXTIL Oil Only Oil spill prevention materials, chemical absorbent textile ECOTEXTIL

Universal KEM absorbent textile

Oil spill prevention materials, absorbent textile for large oil spill

Paroc Oy Ab

Clean oil absorbent textile

44

Table 1.4. Temporarily allowed materials in ONKALO 2013.

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material

For grouting if needed Finnsementti SR cement Cement for protecting tube in drillholes Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Accelerator for Ciment Fondu Lafarge Chemetall GmbH Ciment Fondu accelerator Engine pan oil for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol

Castrol TXT Softec Plus Neu 5W-30

Transmission and axle lubricant for Land Rover tunnel car Castrol Castrol SAF-XO

Additive in cement Insinööritoimisto Sulin Oy Xypex concentrate - Xypex modified

Cement for stabilization of OL-KR48 Lafarge Aluminates Ciment Fondu Lafarge Glue in convergence measurements Würth Oy Würth WIT-C 100/200

Glue for fixing warning signs Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-221

Accelerator in grouting Brenntag Nordic Oy CaCl2 Glue for POM-tubes in EDZ studies Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-291

Tubes in EDZ studies unknown POM, polyoksymethylen tube In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60A for gluing the strain gauges

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Glue component HBM X60A

In-situ rock stress measurement: HBM X60B for gluing the strain gauge

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH Glue component HBM X60B

In-situ rock stress measurement: Polyurethane for sealing Oy SIKA Finland AB Sikaflex-11FC+ In-situ rock stress measurement: Keeping stripes waterproof Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Coat In-situ rock stress measurement: Solvent for cleaning Vishay Micro-Measurements M-Line Rosin Solvent In-situ rock stress measurement: Cleaning spray Würth Oy Würth cleaning spray In-situ rock stress measurement: Alternative glue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid

Colloidal silica for grouting BASF Oy Meyco MP 320 and Meyco MP 320T

Test solution in U-redox experiments

Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiochemistry UO2(ClO4)-solution

Anchoring cement Hilti (Suomi) Oy Hilti HIT-HY 150

45

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material

Temperature sensor Maxim Integrated Maxim DS18B20 NTC-thermistor Vishay Electronic GmbH Vishay NTC-termistori

Conductor unknown Conductors multithread copper wire

Encapsulating material unknown Acid-proof steel EN-1.4404

Two component clue Bostik Oy Araldite Rapid

Installation conduit unknown Extruded acrylic tube Low-pH cement for support bolts, silica Finnsementti Oy Parmix Silica Low-pH cement for support bolts, cement Finnsementti Oy SR-cement Low-pH cement for support bolts, additive Finnsementti Oy

Melcret 500 L (Kallio Parmix)

Low-pH cement for support bolts, Superplasticiser Kao Chemicals GmbH Mighty 150

Fastening mortar, walls Ardex Oy Ardex X77 Adhesion improving agent for fastening mortar Ardex Oy Ardex P82 A Adhesion improving agent for fastening mortar Ardex Oy Ardex P82 B Sealing compound for canister instrumentation channel Oy Sika Finland Ab Sikasil-C

Filler for instrumentation tube Nanten Oy Nanten PU-VM Fixing agent for instrumentation tube fillers Oy Sika Finland Ab Sikaflex 11 FC+

On canister Heating resistor Dow Corning Europe S.A Molykote HCS Plus Locking and sealing of instrumentation tube Henkel Norden Oy Loctite 577

Additive in grouting Merck KGaA NaCl

Additive in grouting Merck KGaA CaCl2 POSE experiment, chemicals for phase III: Two-component glue

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

HBM X280, component A

POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Two-component glue

Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH

HBM X280, component B

POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Protection agent for strain gauge component

Vishay Measurements Group, Inc Vishay MM 3145 RTV

POSE experiment, chemical for phase III: Protection agent for sensors and sensor lines Oy Sika Finland Ab Sika Firesil-N POSE experiment, filling material for phase III Almatis GmbH Alumina particles, T60/T64

46

Purpose of use Manufacturer Material Smoke barrier material for fire walls in ONKALO shaft connection Würth Oy

SealFire 350 and 300 fire foam

REPRO test chemical: Research container decontamination Altia Oyj ETAX B technical ethanol REPRO test chemical: Research container decontamination Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy HNO3 REPRO test chemical: pH adjustment Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy NH3 REPRO test chemical: pH adjustment Sigma-Aldrich Finland Oy NaOH REPRO test chemical: Liquid scintillation counting

PerkinElmer Life & Analytical Sciences B.V. Ultima Gold XR

REPRO test chemical: Tracer Merck KGaA Sodium fluorescein REPRO test chemical: Tracer Scopus Research B.V. Cl-36 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer I-125 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer H-3 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer Na-22 REPRO test chemical: Tracer PerkinElmer Sr-85 REPRO test chemical: Tracer Sonar Oy Ba-133 Fixation agent for microbiological sampling Reagena International Oy Ltd Formaldehyde

Sealing material Hilti Oy Hilti CFS-IS EDZ studies, investigation niche 3 SOUDAL N.V Silicone sealant

Test point anchoring Würth Oy Chemical anchor

47

APPENDIX 2

Materials forbidden to be used in ONKALO.

Name of the material Reason for rejection

Finnsementti Perus-Parmix Includes lignosulphate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Rescon Mapei Sprut 34 Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800T Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheocem 800SR Better alternative found Masterbuilders Rheobuilt 2000PF Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 800 Better alternative found Rescon Mapei Mikrocem 650 SR

Better alternative found

Rescon Mapei Mapefluid 400 N Better alternative found Windscreen washing agents Only Lasol allowed Würth marking paint Better alternative found AQUA Master marking paint Better alternative found Marking paint Mercalin RS Better alternative found Tikkurila Oil based red paint Better alternative found Tikkurila Siroplast 2 roofpaint Better alternative found

Finnsementti VB-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Hilti HIT-HY 150 Forbidden in ONKALO design plan.

Semtu Oy Structuro 111X Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

CC-Company CC de-icing agent

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

Finnsementti Megacement Better alternative found Würth WIT-C100/200 Includes organic material

Polylac ABS Braking springs Includes organic material All manufacturers for polycarboxylate

Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-Parmix


Finnsementti Vario-Parmix Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Elementti-S Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Semtu Adva Flow Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Sika Sikament Eco 12 Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

48

Name of the material Reason for rejection

BASF Glenium Includes polycarboxylate, may be harmful for radionuclide transport

Finnsementti Super-Permix Superplasticizer for grouting, better alternative found Bozetto Group Flube OS 39 Better alternative found Bozetto Group Flube CA 40 Better alternative found Forcit Oy Ab plug Includes polystyrene, causes copper corrosion Sormat Oy ITH 300EA, 380EA


BASF Mastertop 100 Better alternative found Kemira Oyj Kemwater PAX-XL60

Includes chlorides, causes copper corrosion and disturbs ONKALO monitoring

Mapetard SD-2000 Includes phosphorus Dynamon SX-N SD-2000 Includes polycarboxylates Pantarhol 85 VZ Includes phosphorus Mapefluid HPS 35 Includes melamine

Documents

Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013 Foreign Materials