Respondent Conditioning

Week 7

Respondent Conditioning

Do not say Classical Conditioning- Eliciting not evoking behavior- Automatic Physiological responses not

controlled free willed or operant responses

General

• Pavlov: Russian Physiologist

US URUS + CS CRCS CR

Examples

Example 1: Salivating Dogs and BellsExample 2: Little Albert & White RatsExample 3: Chemo Therapy & Favorite foodsExample 4: Mammalary Effusion: Leaking BreastsExample 5: Phobias Example 6: BedwettingExample 7: Aversion Therapy

Factors That influence Respondent Conditioning

• Number of pairings• inter-stimulus interval: .5 sec• Continuous Pairing > Intermittent Pairing• Intense Stimuli (CS US)

Respondent Extinction

• Stop pairing the CS with the UCS

Q. How is this different than escape extinction?

Compound Stimulus

• Two stimuli together is your CS

• Generalized Conditioning– Second order conditioning, third order and so on– Generally it gets weaker and easier to extinguish

• √ Difficult due to respondent extinction

Drug Overdoses

• Generally due to taking too much poison. • Novel environments play major role– Drugs not only produce a high, but also counter

effects to reduce the high.– The drug, Room, Needle Prick– Thought? Coke Classic vs. Caffeine Free Coke

Operant-Respondent Interactions

• Emotions: Rewards and Punishers are associated with internal events

• Thinking: Words are associated with senses

Systematic Self-Desenstization

• Construct a Fear Hierarchy (0-100; least to most fearful)- SUD : Subjective Unit of Discomfort

• Deep Muscle Relaxation:• Implement Program

Flooding

• Putting person in fearful situation with positive outcome.

• Not allowing the CS to be paired with UCS• Not recommended

Punishment: Part 1

Week 7: Decreasing Behavior

General Definitional Components

• Immediate (Application or removal of stimulus)

• Contingent – must follow behavior• Decreases behavior

SDp

Type I Punishment: Stimulus Presentation(Positive Punishment)

1. Reprimand2. Spanking3. Response Blocking??4. Contingent Exercise5. Overcorrection: Restitution & Positive Practice6. Electric Stimulation

Remember: If it does not decrease behavior it is not punishment.

Example: Type I PunishmentBefore Behavior AfterNo aversive You engage in Aversive conditionCondition target behavior presented.

Example: Type I Punishment

Before Behavior After

No burn on hand You touch hot stove Burn on hand

Your Turn

• Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (application style) and share with your peers.

BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 2)

Change in Behavior Present Stimulus Remove Stimulus

Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement(S+R)

Negative Reinforcement (S-R) (Escape/Avoidance)

Behavior DecreasesType I Punishment

(S+P)(Aversive Stimulus)

?

Type II Punishment: Stimulus Removal (Negative Punishment - Penalty)

1. Response Cost: Bonus, Use with R+2. Time-Out: Planned Ignoring, Time-Out

Ribbon (Talk about restitution and positive practice with time out)

Remember: It must decrease behavior or it is not punishment!

Example: Type II punishment (Penalty)

Before Behavior After

You have You do something You looseSomething

something

Example: Type II Punishment (Penalty)

Before Behavior AfterYou have $100 You get caught speeding you have

no $100

Your Turn

• Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (Penalty style) and share with your peers.

BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 3)

Change in Behavior Present Stimulus Remove Stimulus

Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement (S+R)

Negative Reinforcement(S-R) (Escape/Avoidance)

Behavior DecreasesType I Punishment

(S+P)(Aversive Stimulus)

Type II Punishment(S-P)

(Penalty)

Major Pitfall Sick Social Cycle (Victim’s punishment Model)

Before Behavior AfterTeacher Ask Student Student Cusses Needs a reader

Student Student Asked No B%*$CH! Doesn’t to Read aloud Red aloud

Unconditioned & Conditioned Punishers

• Unconditioned: Any unlearned stimulus that decreases behavior– Pain, odor, taste, physical restraint, extreme

muscular effort, light, sound, temprature• Conditioned: Any learned stimulus that

decreases behavior

Factors that Influence Punishment Effectiveness

• Immediacy• Itnesity/Magnitude• Punishment Schedule• Reinforcement Schedule• DRA

Possible Side Effects

• Emotional & Aggressive Reactions• Escape and Avoidance• Behavioral Contrast• Undesirable Modeling• Negative Reinforcement of the Punishing

Agent’s Behavior

Guidelines For implementing Punishment

• Target Behavior must be operationally defined• Choose an alternate response to reinforce• Minimize the causes of the undesirable response• Use an effective punisher: not paired with R+ and is

available• Apply: Consistently and Immediately• Keep records and have someone else help you

monitor!• State the Rules to the individual

When should punishment be used?

• The person’s behavior should be a danger to himself or others.

• Use only after trying reinforcing procedures• Social Validity/Informed Consent• Reliability of Measurement:

Helper/supervisor• Do not use punishment as a means to show

superiority