Reskilling the WorkforceDriving Strategic Change Through Learning

Dave WilkinsOSA Platform Lead

My Goals Today

Help your careerHow? Show you new opportunities to add value

Help you see the big pictureHow? Connect your mission to the larger business challenge of talent

Help you see the big pictureHow? Connect your mission to the larger talent challenges of the nation

Help you think differentlyHow? Pose some tough questions about where we’re heading

N a t u r a l D i s a s t e r s

Te c h n o l o g y D i s r u p t i o n

S t r a t e g i c S h i f t

How many of you can:

Accurately describe current attrition levels at your company?Accurately describe attrition for critical roles?List cost and time-to-hire metrics for critical roles?

List the critical roles at your company?Describe the key capabilities for each critical role?Describe the typical career path people follow to get to these roles?Describe the critical experiences, skills, education for these roles?

Articulate required workforce capabilities next year? Year after?Articulate company strategy and direction?

EY Top Business Challenges?#3 – Managing Talent

EY Top Business Challenges?#3 – Managing Talent“Nearly 20% report that people with the right skill sets are simply not available — a factor that may in part reflect weaknesses in educational systems. This is a weakness that is likely to get worse.”

EY Top Business Challenges?#3 – Managing Talent“Nearly 20% report that people with the right skill sets are simply not available — a factor that may in part reflect weaknesses in educational systems. This is a weakness that is likely to get worse.”

AgingWorkforces

Smaller Pipeline

Capability Mismatch

Why Skills Shortages?

Country % Growth

Russia -8%

Japan -5%

Germany -4%

Poland -4%

Italy -1%

Greece 0%

France 5%

UK 7%

China 7%

Brazil 13%

USA 14%

Mexico 15%

Turkey 17%

India 24%

Nigeria 46%

•Slow growth, negative growth in developed world

•Faster growth in developing world•In US and UK growth is fueled through immigration

•Less developed = more growth

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Aging Workforces Worldwide

Labor Force Participation Rates

But more of the them work more

More older workers = fewer younger

Those older workers who stay in the workforce do so at the expense of the young.

When grandma finally retires, we will have 30 year olds with no work experience or near useless work experience.

More older workers = fewer younger

Those older workers who stay in the workforce do so at the expense of the young.

When grandma finally retires, we will have 30 year olds with no work experience or near useless work experience.

Younger workers less trainedAnd we train them less… Ugghh

• OECD study of work-based skills taught in schools in 29 countries• U.S. ranks dead last

• Wharton School professor Peter Cappelli:• In 1979, young U.S. workers: average of 2.5 weeks of training / year• By 1995, average company offered just under 11 hours per year.• By 2011, Accenture found that only 21% of all U.S. employees had

received *any* employer-provided training in the past five years.

Capability mismatch

“In 2011, when US unemployment exceeded 9 percent, a McKinsey Global Institute survey found that 30 percent of US companies had positions open for more than six months that they could not fill. Despite rising educational attainment across advanced economies, by 2020, the United States may have 1.5 million too few workers with college or graduate degrees and nearly 6 million too many who have not completed high school.”

Up 4.6%

New Jobs

Knowledge Work

All others

Capability mismatch

Up 4.6%

New Jobs

Knowledge Work

All others

Capability mismatch

Nuances of The Great Recession

During the Great Recession, what was the highest level of unemployment in the US?

What was the highest level for people with a bachelors degree or higher?

What was it for those with only a high school diploma?

How many recruiters factored this into their strategies?

How recruiters see unemployment…

Jobs I might be interested in… via LinkedIn

Social Media ManagerRequirements: • 15+ years in senior roles in marketing• 10+ years of digital marketing• 5+ years of social media marketing• Experience with transportation industry a must• Strong preference given for multi-lingual candidates• MBA candidates preferred• Deep expertise in social media with strong personal

brand and large follower networks

Geography mismatch

“Firms have jobs, but can’t find appropriate workers. The workers want to work, but can’t find appropriate jobs. … Whatever the source, though, it is hard to see how the Fed can do much to cure this problem. Monetary stimulus has provided conditions so that manufacturing plants want to hire new workers. But the Fed does not have a means to transform construction workers into manufacturing workers.”

Structural unemployment

One final wrinkle:Who costs more: internal or external?

Who performs better?

• External hires aren’t as productive as internal hires; new research suggests that it takes 2 years to get “up to speed”

• External hires average shorter tenures than internal hires

• External hires average lower performance reviews

• Hiring outside = risk to top performers and high potentials

• Why?

External HiringCosts MoreDelivers Less

• External hires aren’t as productive as internal hires; new research suggests that it takes 2 years to get “up to speed”

• External hires average shorter tenures than internal hires

• External hires average lower performance reviews

• Hiring outside = risk to top performers and high potentials

• “Lack of career development” is #1 reason for dysfunctional turnover

• “Training and development opportunity” is #1 driver of employee engagement

• “More opportunities to do what I do best” is #1 driver of employee engagement

External HiringCosts MoreDelivers Less

• External hires aren’t as productive as internal hires; new research suggests that it takes 2 years to get “up to speed”

• External hires average shorter tenures than internal hires

• External hires average lower performance reviews

• Hiring outside = risk to top performers and high potentials

• “Lack of career development” is #1 reason for dysfunctional turnover

• “Training and development opportunity” is #1 driver of employee engagement

• “More opportunities to do what I do best” is #1 driver of employee engagement

External HiringCosts MoreDelivers Less

Despite higher costs, external hires “get significantly lower performance

evaluations for their first two years on the job than do internal workers who

are promoted into similar jobs.”

“Why External Hires Get Paid More, and Perform Worse, than Internal Staff”

Knowledge@Wharton

OK, so firms can’t find critical talent

But they spend crazy money searching

Only to pay more for less,

And this problem is likely to get worse…

What does this mean to you?

“Companies should forecast, on a job family basis, how their current workforce will develop over the next 5, 10, and 15 years – taking into account expected recruitment, retirement, and retention. Next, companies should simulate different strategic scenarios to determine the number and type of human resources that their business will demand on a job family level over the same period. Once companies calculate the difference between their expected demand for and supply of labor, they should take dedicated steps to address anticipated shortfalls and surpluses. These steps include redeploying surplus resources to critical functions that are being drained of human resources, boosting internal training so that the current workforce can adapt and shift as needed, or even attracting and retaining retired or semi retired workers in areas with identified future shortfalls.”

redeploying surplus resources to critical functions that are being drained of human resources

boosting internal training so that the current workforce can adapt and shift as needed

or even attracting and retaining retired or semi retired workers in areas with identified future shortfalls

How do you know who to move?And how will they get productive?

And how do they get back up to speed?

How do you identify the best candidates?And how will do you develop new capabilities?

boosting internal training so that the current workforce can adapt and shift as needed

And how will do you develop new capabilities?

The new talent landscape

Build?Buy?Rent?Virtualize?Move people around?

The ability to deliver *capability* in response to strategic shockand market opportunities will bea key business differentiator.

And how do they get back up to speed?

THE LEARNING CONNECTION

Addressing the problem1. Know the team you have

2. Know the team you need

3. Invest in long-term capability development

4. Empower workers to do this themselves

5. Switch your default to hiring from within

• Job history

• Work experience prior to current role

• Expertise developed outside of work

• Self-identified expertise & peer-identified expertise

• Career aspirations

• Top performers and high potentials

• Flight risk

• Retirement plans

(1) Know Your Team

Top performer data is ugly

• 80% of companies don’t know who is a flight risk.

• 78% of companies don’t know who is on a succession plan.

• 80% of companies don’t know who has a career path.

• 65% of companies don’t know much about who they’re retaining.

• 84% of companies don’t if their development plans are working.

• 65% of companies don’t know much about Hi-Po’s.

Know the people you have

48%75%

say that their skills go unnoticed

feel that their work history & experiences are not leveraged by their employer

• Understand the capability requirements for the business– New strategic plans?

– Geographic expansion?

• Map the gaps: what are you missing in order to meet objectives

• Assess the best approach to fill-in gaps– Hire, contract, outsource

– Skill, knowledge, capability development

– Talent transfer – talent mobility

– Virtualize

(2) Here to There

Workforce Data – What do we know

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• What is the relationship between various roles?

• Which roles commonly lead to which other roles?

• What paths did top performers take?

• What skills, role assignments, knowledge are required?

• Which roles share similar requirements – job families?

• For critical and strategic roles, we need to think differently:– Use paradigms of leadership development, cohorts and stages

– Use paradigms of pilot and surgeon training

– Scaffolding models, coupled with social models

(3) Long-term Roadmap

Competencies are well-established

• 75% of companies use job / role competencies for selection & promotion

• Over half of organizations tie competencies to career planning

• 91% report training improvements when training is tied to competencies

The next step is to think about building capability. Capability is about business execution and implies not just competency, but experience, judgment, decision-making. You *develop* capability over time.

• Employees need to own their own career development– Make sure it’s easier to move in your company than leave it

– Enable personal gap assessment between current skills and capabilities and desired career objectives

• Map capability requirements to training and learning interventions

– Formal content: WBT, classes, video, documents

– Social content: CoP, discussions, expert location, wikis

– Action learning: related roles, activities, stretch assignments

• Involve the team in defining needs and interventions

(4) Empower the Team

• External hiring costs 18-20% more than internal hiring

• External hires perform worse on performance evals for 24 months

• High external hiring rates increase risk to existing team– #1 reason for dysfunctional turnover in mature economies?

Lack of career opportunities

– #1 contributor to job satisfaction? “more opportunities to do what I do best,” “career development opportunities and training” (tie)

• Hiring from within means lower cost to new hires, better performance, higher engagement, and reduced turnover

(5) Switch Your Default

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Strategic Implications for You

Your strategic role• Senior leaders are thinking about talent; it’s a key concern

• Agility is also top of mind due to recent and current world events– Demographic shifts will increase this focus in coming years

– Competitive global pressures will increase this focus

– Educational shortfalls will increase this focus

• Get ahead of this need by focusing of capabilities-driven learning programs

– Understand strategic direction for the future

– Map the gaps

– Develop a plan

– Earn your seat