ResearchWhy is research important?

TypesFacts & Statistics

Charts or graphsExamples

Anecdotal evidenceNarratives

Ex: Amber’s Story = Amber Alert

ResearchSources

Secondary Books, Newspapers, Encyclopedias

Primary Interviews Case Studies, Journals

AvoidMost .com internet sources (i.e. “W ikiality”)

Tips for Using Research Few facts – emphasize analysis

Cite statistics infrequentlyRound large numbers

137,490 => ~150,000 18% => ~20% OR “1 in 5 Americans” OR “1 in 5

people in this room” make evidence relevant to audience

Generally: paraphrase

Citing ResearchIn outlines

II. Body A. Causes of World War II

1. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008 a) Economic depression b) German nationalism

2. History Channel.com, 2008 a) …

B. Consequences of World War II 1. Dr. Mark Gring [Texas Tech University], 2004

a) …

Communication Applications

Organizational PatternsInformative PersuasiveTopicalChronologicalSpatial

Cause-EffectProblem-SolutionMonroe’s Motivated

SequenceRefutationNarrativeComparative Advantage

TopicalAbout 30% of you will use this format“Categorical Pattern”Used when main points are sub-points of

speech topicExample:

Topic: Living in TylerMain Point 1: Job opportunitiesMain Point 2: Housing and EducationMain Point 3: Entertainment & Night Life

ChronologicalAbout 40% of you will use this format“Temporal Pattern”Arrangement based on timeline

Newest to oldest; oldest to newestExample:

Topic: Cold WarMain Point 1: World War IIMain Point 2: Korea & VietnamMain Point 3: Fall of Communism

SpatialAbout 20% of you will use this patternBased upon physical proximity

Closest to furthest, E to W/N to S, etc.Example:

Topic: Home Landscape DesignMain Point 1: Near house – shrubberyMain Point 2: Lawn – care / maintenanceMain Point 3: Near curb – flowers, accent items

ExamplesDogs

Getting a dog Breeders vs. Shelters vs. Pounds

First year “Potty” training Obedience training

Care / development Proper diet Exercise Developmental stages

ExamplesDialects

Northeast Fast rate of delivery Less willing to talk Specific language

Midwest Moderate rate Moderate desire Specific language

South (Texas) Slower rate Very willing to talk Specific language

Communication Applications