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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2)

Volume 39,2Volume 39,2Volume 39,2Volume 39,2Volume 39,2SSSSStuartuartuartuartuar t Sentert Sentert Sentert Sentert Senter, Edit, Edit, Edit, Edit, Editororororor March/April 2006March/April 2006March/April 2006March/April 2006March/April 2006

Research ReviewLaboratory vs. Field Research:

What Gives Us the Best Information?Page 10

ComputerVoice Stress

Analyzer PieceAirs on ABC’s

PrimetimePage 9

2006APA Annual Seminar

Las Vegas HiltonLas Vegas, NV

Page 12

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Jim AllenWalt Atwood

Robbie BennettSteve Duncan

Jim EarleMichael Gougler

Don KrapohlVickie Murphy

Roy OrtizLouis Rovner

Dan SosnowskiGordon Vaughan

Lawerence “Larry” WasserDon Weinstein

The APA Magazine is published by theAmerican Polygraph Association. Themere publication of an article, news item,or notice in this Magazine does notconstitute an endorsement by theAmerican Polygraph Association.Advertising and Editorial address is: APAEditor, P.O. Box 10342, Ft. Jackson, SC29207. Subscription address is: APA, P.O.Box 8037, Chattanooga, TN 37414-0037.Subscription rate is US $80.00, mailedperiodical class. Outside US $100.00,mailed periodical class. Changes ofaddress should be sent to: APA, P.O. Box8037, Chattanooga, TN 37414-0037. ThePublisher is not responsible for issues notreceived because of improper addressinformation. Submission of polygraph-related newspaper articles should be sentto: Stuart Senter, PO Box 10342, Ft.Jackson, SC 29207 [email protected].

Submission of Articles

This issue closed onMarch 24, 2006.

Deadline for May/Juneis May 25, 2006.

Board of Directors

PresidentTerrence V. (TV) O’MalleyBehavior Testing and Forensics200 Dick Street, Suite AFayetteville, NC [email protected]

Vice President –GovernmentDonnie W. DuttonP.O. Box 10411Ft. Jackson, SC [email protected]

Vice President –PrivateJames Earle4965 Langdale WayColorado Springs, CO [email protected]

Vice President – LawEnforcementMichael GouglerTexas Department of Public SafetyP.O. Box 4087Austin, Texas [email protected]

SecretaryVickie T. MurphyMaryland Institute of CriminalJustice8424 Veterans Highway, Suite 3Millersville, MD [email protected]

TreasurerLawrence WasserSuite 410, 30555 Southfield Rd.Southfield, MI [email protected]

DirectorDaniel E. SosnowskiSOS Services1069 Jamerson RoadMarietta, GA [email protected]

DirectorSteve DuncanGeorgia State PatrolSpecial Investigations Division959 E. Confederate Ave, SEAtlanta, Georgia [email protected]

DirectorDonald A. Weinstein30 Blackhawk CourtBlythewood, SC [email protected]

DirectorRoy OrtizLos Angeles Police Department150 N. Los Angeles, Rm 431Los Angeles, CA [email protected]

Chairman of the BoardJohn E. Consigli21 Westshore RoadMerrimac, MA [email protected]

Executive DirectorMilton O. (Skip) Webb, Jr.1013 Westhaven StreetDunn, NC [email protected]

Ex Officio MembersNational Office ManagerRobbie BennettP.O. Box 8037Chattanooga, TN [email protected]

General CounselGordon L. Vaughan, Esq.Vaughan & DeMuro111 S. Tejon St., Suite 410Colorado Springs, CO 80903-2245

Editor-in-ChiefStuart M. SenterP.O. Box 10342Ft. Jackson, SC [email protected]

I s s u e C o n t r i b u t o r s

Deadlines

Contributors

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 3

The South Carolina Association of PolygraphExaminers (SCAPE) was originally formed in theearly 1980’s and was rapidly dissolved later that samedecade, not coincidental with the Employee PolygraphProtection Act. The organization was reconvened in2000. SCAPE was founded by Dennis Coggins of theSouth Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED)(third president),Johnny Hartley(SLED examiner atthe time whobecame the secondpresident. FrankFaulk of SLED wasthe state of SouthCarolina’s firstpolygraph examinerin approximately1949 and waselected as the firstPresident of SCAPEin the early 80’s.

Currently there are55 members,including lawenforcement (60%),government (5%), and private (35%) representatives.The following is a listing of the current SCAPE Boardof Directors.

President Michael WoodcockVice President James WhiteSecretary/Treasurer Tim StephensonBoard Members Pete Beller

Whilden Baggot

In the state of South Carolina, polygraph is used inpre-employment screening, criminal testing, and inthe private sector. A State License is required perthe South Carolina Polygraph Examiner Act and SLEDis the regulatory agency. In courts of law, polygraphevidence is admissible on an ad hoc basis. Sexoffender testing is authorized and conducted via stateawarded contracts. The area of PCSOT is a relatively

recent arena of testing and brings with it an array ofpolicy-related and administrative issues.

Regarding the use of alternative detection ofdeception methodologies, the state of South Carolinaspecifically prohibits the use of any instrument thatdoes not meet minimum requirements. The following

section of the SouthCarolina PolygraphExaminers Actdelineates thesestandards:

SECTION 40-53-40.M i n i m u mrequirements forinstruments.

Any instrumentused to test orquestion individualsfor the purpose ofdetecting deceptionor verifying truth ofstatements shallrecord visually,permanently and

simultaneously: (1) the subject’s cardiovascularpattern and (2) respiratory pattern. Patterns of otherphysiological changes in addition to (1) and (2) mayalso be recorded. The use of any instrument or deviceto detect deception or to verify truth of statementswhich does not meet these minimuminstrumentation requirements is hereby prohibitedand the operation or use of such equipment shall besubject to penalties and may be enjoined in themanner hereinafter provided. (http://www.scstatehouse.net)

Typically SCAPE holds three seminars a year. Two ofthese are usually in the state capital of Columbia,and the other in a designated beach area withinSouth Carolina. The most recent meeting included54% of the association. The SCAPE web address isscpolygraph.com.

Focus on…

the South Carolinathe South Carolinathe South Carolinathe South Carolinathe South CarolinaAssociation of Polygraph Examiners

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2)4

Applicants for APA MembershipM

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APA Upgrades to Full Member

Certificate of Advanced Specialized Training

Carl J. Anderson Olathe, KansasFrederick K. Austin Fairport, New YorkMichael W. Butler San Diego, CaliforniaDaniel W. Carothers Douglas, AlaskaPatrick T. Coffey Millbrae, CaliforniaMichael Comeau Montreal, Quebec, CanadaMargarita P. De Lebrija Panama, PanamaJorge M. Fernandez Tampa, FloridaGerman Ferro Bogota, ColombiaRichard R. Flores Puerto Rico, PRGary J. Gold Las Vegas, NevadaJoe W. Holt Caddo Mills, TexasMichael A. Hurley West Covina, CaliforniaKenneth A. Janeczek Springfield, MassachusettsNorman Kelly Montreal, Quebec, CanadaWilliam P. Lawrence Cotati, CaliforniaBrian E. List Glen Burnie, MarylandCarole D. London-Williams ScotlandKatherine A. Lowry Aventura, FloridaFrank Malara, Jr. Arlington, VirginiaDina Orozco Clovis, New MexicoTaryn A. Pickersgill Pembroke Pines, FloridaCharles A. Roberts Lake Almanor, CaliforniaGregory A. Rodriguez San Gabriel, CaliforniaRonald M. Skolnik Austin, TexasScott H. Stava Fresno, CaliforniaCarroll W. Sumner Culpeper, VirginiaDouglas E. Timbs Fallbrook, CaliforniaJose (Chen) Tom Panama, PanamaBelisario F. Valbuena Bogota, ColombiaClayton D. Wood Arlington, TexasDon A. Zuelke Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Roy C. DerbyBarry K. Holden

Michael S. KelmerJanice C. Martins

Juan Jose Perez-GarciaTheodore G. Welch

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Financial Contributors

Avital Ginton Oranit, Israel $25.00Shlomo Bruck Tel Aviv, Israel $25.00Marie T. Varker Dallas, TX $25.00Charles R. Forrest Hollywood, FL $10.00Raul R. Herrera Selma, CA $25.00Charles H. Budde Batavia, IL $25.00Robin R. Doorn Davis, SD $50.00Gene A. Cella, SR. Garden Grove, CA $50.00Charles E. Behm Rockaway, NJ $25.00

Academy of Polygraph ScienceBasic Polygraph - Largo, FL

May 29 - July 21, 2006September 25 - November 17, 2006

Academy for Scientific Investigative TrainingBasic Polygraph

May 15 - July 7, 2006September 11 - November 3, 2006

AdvancedNovember 27-29

Post Conviction Sexual Offender CertificationJuly 10 - 14, 2006

November 6 - 10, 2006

Forensic Assessment Interview/InterrogationBasic

June 5 -7, 2006September 25-27, 2006

AdvancedJune 8 - 9, 2006

September 28 - 29, 2006

Polygraph Examiner Training ScheduleThe Backster School of Lie Detection

June 5 - July 28, 2006(tentative)September 18 - November 10, 2006

Post Conviction Sex Offender TrainingNovember 13 - 17, 2006

Forty-Seventh Annual Five-Day PolygraphExaminer Work Conference

December 4 - 8, 2006

Department of Defense Polygraph InstituteAugust 15 - November 16, 2006

International Academy of PolygraphSeptember 11, 2006

Maryland Institute of Criminal JusticeBasic Polygraph - Millersville, MDSeptember 18 - November 10, 2006

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In Memoriam

The APA would like to thank the LasVegas News Bureau and the LasVegas Convention and VisitorsAuthority for the photos and factsabout Las Vegas in this issue.

Robert C. Banta, Jr.Robert C. Banta, Jr. recently passed away. Mr. Bantawas an associate member of the APA from June 24,1993 to September 3, 2005. He graduated fromArizona School of Polygraph Sciences on November8, 1985. Mr. Banta was President of Banta Polygraph.

George W. Harman, (Deceased 03/25/06)George W. Harman passed away on March 25, 2006.Mr. Harman was a Charter and Retired Member ofAPA. He retired from George W. Harman Polygraph,Inc. in San Francisco, California in June of 1997.

John R. Ireland, IIIJohn R. Ireland, III was a full member of the APAfrom January 10, 1985 to June 2005. Mr. Irelandgraduated from the Maryland Institute of CriminalJustice on October 31, 1984. He retired from the U.S.Army in 1982, and was in private practice.

Kenneth, D. SchindleyKenneth Schindly of Mount Pleasant, Texas passedaway on January 23, 2006. Mr. Schindley was a fullmember of the APA and graduated from theArgenbright International Institute on November 15,1996. He served as polygraph examiner for the KosovoPolice Service, United Nations Mission in Kosovo.

Wisconsin Polygraph AssociationDirectory of Officers 2006

President: Anthony J. O’NeillVice President: Robert M. GrallTreasurer: Albert ThompsonSecretary: Kathleen SchnaglBoard of Directors: Randall J. Cook

Robert G. SimmonsRichard J. Phannestill

Kenneth R. SchunzelKenneth R. Schunzel passed away on March 27, 2006.He was a full member of APA from May 3, 1984 to hispassing. He graduated from the Zonn Institute inDecember of 1983. Mr. Schunzel was employed atthe St Louis County Police Department, Clayton,Missouri.

Charles L. YeschkeCharles ‘Chuck’ Yeschke passed away on February26, 2006. The contributions of this Charter Memberof the APA are numerous and varied. Mr. Yeschkehas served his country as a member of the UnitedStates Marine Corps, an agent of the Federal Bureauof Investigation, and in the services of the CentralIntelligence Agency. A graduate of the John E. ReidPolygraph School in 1962, he was tireless in hisefforts to protect the vulnerable and to educate thosewho protect them, both through instruction and thewritten word. His prowess and presence in the fieldof polygraphy will never be replaced.

Murray KleinerWe regretfully report the passing of Murray Kleineron March 22, 2006, Dr. Kleiner was a greatcontributor to the polygraph field. More details willbe provided in the next issue of the magazine.

UpcomingSeminars

VPA Seminar - will bein Virginia Beach,Virginia on November2 & 3, 2006.

Maryland PolygraphAssociation - May 4-5,2006. For moreinformation, visit theMPA website at: http://www.mpapolygraph.org ,or contact the MPASecretary, Danny Seilerat: Maryland PolygraphAssociation, PO Box2224, Hagerstown, MD.21741, 301.791.7039 ex.117.

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Recent events cause me to make the following statement for the record: I am 53.8 years old. This shouldnot, of course, be considered an old age. (I deem old age to be 15 years older than whatever my current agemight be.) According to the Center for Disease Control, the average life expectancy for men in the UnitedStates is now 74.4 years, and for women it is 79.8 years. As such, I should reasonably expect 20.6 moreyears on this planet. That translates to 1,060 more weeks or 7,628 more days. I should expect to see fourmore presidential elections, see a manned (and/or womanned) flight to Mars, see 320 more regular seasonDenver Broncos games, see 20 more seasons of “24,” give 20 more polygraph law updates at APA seminars(I bet you can’t wait for that), and see Britney Spears’ grandchildren. By the way, if you were to travel back20.6 years, you will find yourself in October 1986. It was during that month that then President RonaldReagan met Mikhail Gorbachev in Reykjavíík, Iceland, for nuclear missile talks; Bill Buckner let a slowgrounder from Mookie Wilson roll through his legs in Game 6 of the World Series between the Red Sox andMets; and Bill Scheve Jr. was President of the APA. The next month would see the Iran Contra matter hitthe press. (In those terms, perhaps 20.6 years is not that much time.)

The reason for these ruminations is that I keep getting comments related to how old I look. Last spring, asmy wife Nadine checked us into a bed and breakfast and as I walked by with the luggage I heard the hostask Nadine: “And what would your father like for breakfast?” (Without giving away information that wouldcause marital strife, Nadine is actuarially due to see only a few more Broncos games than me.) This sorryepisode was virtually repeated last fall, at yet another bed and breakfast, when, while a group of guests sataround the breakfast table, a guest asked Nadine what she did for a living. After she explained that shewas a teacher, the person turned to me and said: “And how long have you been retired?” (I have, of course,determined to never set foot in another bed and breakfast and I am still considering litigation.) On severaloccasions I am asked if I qualify for the “senior discount.” On the last such occasion I inquired: “How old doyou have to be to qualify?” to which the response was “65.”

I have determined that these errors in estimating my age must be the result of my premature gray hair.(Has anyone ever considered their gray hair not to be premature?) My attorney colleagues try to consoleme by saying that gray hair gives me, for trial work, an air of experience and wisdom (legal speak for “itwon’t be long until we can take the old guy’s clients”). I really don’t know whether gray hair imparts an airof experience or wisdom. For me, I’ll just take back the pigment and take my chances that I’ll find otherways to establish credibility with juries.

I have heard the gray hair jokes. For example: “Did you hear about the guy who went to his class reunionand everyone was so old and gray they didn’t recognize him?” I simply do not identify with such jokes.Don’t get me wrong, I do not wish to be 16 again – the horror of acne and algebra are still too vivid memories.I do, however, want to enjoy being 53.8 years without being considered 65. I would rather people think I’dlike to go to a hip new joint rather than need a new hip joint.

I’ve thought about getting my hair colored but, for some reason that does not seem to be sufficiently manly.(At least that’s what my manicurist says.) I’ve taken to cutting my hair very short to de-emphasize thegray. That doesn’t seem to work. I have done some research on whether there is a way to reverse thegraying process. Apparently, melanin, a chemical produced by cells found in each hair follicle, gives hairits color. Different types of melanin produce the different types of hair color. Genes determine the type ofmelanin we produce. For reasons not understood, as we get older the pigment cells in our hair follicles stopproducing melanin and our hair turns gray. Because our bodies do not have a central production source formelanin, individual hairs will turn gray at a different rate. While scientists believe that, in time, they willbe able to restart hair follicle production of melanin, such advance will sadly and likely not come in thenext 7,628 days. (I have heard a rumor that this might be Dr. Humble’s’s next project. Likely, the methodhe will develop won’t work but he’ll have a great marketing strategy.)

Until science is able to jump-start my melanin production, I will have to have ready the pat responses toobservations about my gray hair. You’ve heard these from others. Responses such as: “I’ve earned thesegray hairs” or “the road’s been long and not well-paved.” In the meantime, I can always take comfort intelling bald people jokes.

L E G A L S P E A KGordon L. Vaughan, Esq.

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The Department of Homeland Security has mademeaningful strides to ensure our commercial airtransportation system is more secure as a result ofthe tragedy of 9/11. The addition of reinforced cockpitdoors, armed pilots, sky marshals and rigorouspassenger and air crew screening has made ourcommercial aircraft a more hardened target forterrorists posing as passengers. Even airports havechanged parking areas and restricted loading areasto ensure our safety.

One area in the commercial air transportationsystem remains dangerously unprotected and posesa more dangerous threat than any of the other areasthat have received so much attention. At airportsacross our country, fuel truck operators, baggagehandlers, catering and cleaning personnel and evendelivery personnel continue to have complete accessto the aircraft and as a result, to the interior of theaircraft and baggage holds. These personnel do notundergo the vigorous screening of passengers orcrew. In fact they do not undergo searches or scrutinyat all.

Airport employees responsible for the maintenance,cleaning and loading of aircraft receive only a cursoryreview of their criminal history before beingpermitted to the most sensitive areas of the aircraftand the airports across the country. They undergono background investigation prior to employment.They are not subjected to physical searches of theirpersons, nor are they escorted or monitored bysecurity personnel.

Terrorists who might seek employment in thesesupport and maintenance areas of our airports areextremely unlikely to have criminal history recordsin our country. They are unlikely to have fingerprintson file with the FBI and they probably will have littleor no background to investigate in this country. Theonly effective method of assuring that thesepersonnel do not have ulterior motives for seekingemployment in these sensitive areas is through theuse of polygraph screening.

The federal government requires polygraphscreening of personnel conducting cleaning andmaintenance at the Central Intelligence Agency, FBIand the National Security Agency as well as mostother security areas in our country. Aircraftmaintenance, cleaning and support personnel arenot subjected to even a cursory review of their

The Threat from Within:Fixing the Hole in Commercial Air Security

Milton O. Webb, Jr., Executive Director, APA

motives or actions, yet they have a far greateropportunity to harm the public. Polygraph screeningof airport maintenance and support personnel wouldbe one of the most cost effective methods of ensuringthe security of our commercial air industry.

An initial polygraph screening of applicants for thesepositions and periodic re-testing of existing personnelwould harden the target and create a much moresecure environment at our airports and on ourcommercial aircraft.

We don’t need another federal bureaucracy to conductpolygraph testing nor do we need additionalgovernment employees to accomplish this verynecessary mission. Contrary to popular belief,government agents do not conduct the thousands ofbackground investigations required annually ofpersonnel seeking access to sensitive informationor government employment. The U.S. Governmentuses civilian contract background investigators toconduct the majority of background investigationsconducted annually to grant security clearances andclear applicants for government employment. Thesecivilian contract background investigators areusually retired police or security personnel whoconduct the interviews required to grant securityclearances or permit government employment. Theydon’t receive employment benefits or retirement anddon’t require government offices or governmentvehicles. Polygraph examinations of airport personnelcould be accomplished in the same manner.

There are thousands of private professional polygraphexaminers throughout the country who could, witha minimum of training, conduct polygraph screeningof all airport support personnel with access toaircraft. These examiners, with a week of specializedtraining in polygraph screening, could conduct theexaminations and submit their results to a centralor several regional quality control review offices whowould ensure the efficacy of the product and theresults obtained. When derogatory information isuncovered, the examination and subsequent followon investigation or additional testing could beaccomplished by the appropriate governmentinvestigative agency. This is the way adverse orderogatory background information is handled whenit is discovered by contract background personnel.

The American Polygraph Association could providethe requisite training and certify private polygraph

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examiners. We could provide continuing educationat our seminars. These examiners could thenconduct this specialized screening to ensureterrorists do not seek out and obtain access to ouraircraft and airports by obtaining employment inthese sensitive positions.

The Department of Defense Polygraph Institute(DoDPI), in conjunction with the TransportationSecurity Administration (TSA) and the Departmentof Homeland Security (DHS) could develop the testingprotocols and relevant questions for this type oftesting. TSA could oversee the contracting processand oversee the quality assurance process.

The use of contract background investigators hasproven to be a highly efficient and cost effectivemethod of conducting routine backgroundinvestigations for most of our government agencies.The CIA and other government agencies are nowusing contract polygraph examiners to assist inroutine security polygraph examinations.

The APA stands ready to assist in the security of ourair travelers and could provide meaningful assistanceto our nation’s efforts to combat terrorism and secureour country. Private polygraph examiners across thecountry could join in to make our airports and aircraftsafe.

This

s p o tcould be advertising an APA

Sponsored Seminar for your PolygraphAssociation or geographic region.

We provideWe provideWe provideWe provideWe provideeverything but the attendees.everything but the attendees.everything but the attendees.everything but the attendees.everything but the attendees.

Contact Continuing Education ChairSteve Duncan or the APA National

Office for details.

Computer VoiceStress Analyzer

Piece Airs on ABC’sPrimetime

On the 30 March 2006 episode of ABC’sPrimetime, the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer(CVSA) was featured in one of the segments.The interview included an interview with theChairman and CEO of the National Institutefor Truth Verification, Charles Humble. The linkto ABC’s summary of the piece is below.

http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=1786421&page=1

The Threat from WithinContinued

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ResearchReview

by Dr. Lou is Rovner

Laboratory vs. Field Research:What Gives Us the Best Information?

When scientists conduct polygraph research, they can choose to do their experiments in the laboratory orthe field. Whichever setting they use, some people will praise them, and others will be critical. This isbecause neither the laboratory nor the field is absolutely perfect for studying polygraph accuracy. Tounderstand the realities and the problems of these researchers, it’s helpful to go back to the basics.

Laboratory research uses the polygraph tests of people who are not under suspicion of committing anactual crime. The highest quality lab studies are built around people who commit a mock crime. A mockcrime is a scenario in which “guilty” participants commit a crime which has been arranged for them. Forexample, they may be told to steal a ring or other object from someone’s office. In the best mock crimes,researchers do their best to get the participant emotionally and intellectually involved in the crime. Guiltysubjects must go to another location and find the office in which the object is hidden. They must thencreate an excuse to get someone to leave that office so that they can rifle through the person’s desk andcommit the theft. They are also instructed to avoid being seen when leaving that office. Those people, andothers who haven’t committed the mock crime (“innocent” participants), are later given polygraph tests. Atthe end of a study like this, the researchers can determine how accurate the polygraph tests were withguilty subjects and with innocent subjects. For example, if fifty subjects committed the mock crime andforty-eight of them “failed” their polygraph tests, we can say that the tests were 96% accurate for guiltysubjects.

Field research uses the polygraph tests of people who were under suspicion of committing actual crimes.These tests usually come from the files of law enforcement and government agencies, although somestudies have used tests generated by private companies. The best field studies have compared the resultsof those tests (i.e. DI or NDI) with the outcomes of the cases for which the suspects were under suspicion.For example, let’s say that someone was arrested for committing a murder and given a polygraph test.Later on, someone else confessed to that murder, and there was physical evidence to back up the confession.If the original suspect passed his polygraph test, the researchers would call it a confirmed (and accurate) NDIresult.

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 11

As I said earlier, neither laboratory nor field research is perfect. They both have strengths and weaknesses.To make things even a little more complicated, each one’s strength is the other’s weakness. In my opinion,the two most important aspects of polygraph research are 1) knowledge of ground truth and 2) the realism ofthe testing situation. Let’s look at these elements one at a time.

Ground truth is the absolute, conclusive knowledge of a suspect’s guilt or innocence. The great advantageof laboratory research is that someone knows the ground truth for all of the experimental subjects. Ofcourse, the polygraph examiners and blind scorers don’t ever know who the guilty and innocent subjectsare until everyone has been tested. The person who knows ground truth before anyone is tested is someonewho has no personal or professional stake in the outcome of the experiment, such as a secretary oradministrative assistant.

In field research, we rarely know ground truth. Even though we know that a person who took a polygraphtest was convicted or acquitted, or even if he confessed, we cannot be 100% certain that the case outcomewas correct. Some court cases are decided on technicalities; some juries make mistakes; someeyewitnesses make erroneous identifications; some people make false confessions. In the field, a case inwhich we can be absolutely certain of someone’s guilt or innocence is the exception to the rule. Thus, inlaboratory research, we know the exact level of accuracy we attain, since we know ground truth. In fieldresearch, since we don’t (and can’t) know the ground truth for each person tested, accuracy rates are reallyestimates based on reason, statistical analysis, and common sense.

Realism is the great strength of field research, and the most obvious shortcoming of laboratory research.Field research uses the tests of people who are actually under suspicion of committing a crime. Thesepeople know that if they fail their polygraph test, they might end up in jail, or that they might have to payfines and penalties, or that their reputations might suffer, or all of the above. Clearly, they find themselvesin a highly emotional situation, which is quite different from the laboratory setting, where no one who failshis polygraph test goes to jail or pays a fine. As such, we can assume that people being tested about theirinvolvement in actual crimes have a much greater psychological involvement in the test. Their intellectand emotions are fully engaged and, as such, the physiological reactions that we monitor and measure arereflecting the seriousness of the situation.

In the laboratory, we cannot create a situation in which people feel as fearful or anxious as they are in thefield. However, the better laboratory studies go to the trouble of approximating field variables. For example,everyone who is tested in the field, whether they are guilty or innocent, wants to pass his or her test.Critics of laboratory research feel that participants are not as motivated to produce an NDI outcome, sincethere are no consequences for failing their tests. Researchers have been aware of this for decades, andhave tried to come close to the field situation by introducing a penalty (of sorts) for producing a DI outcome.In most high quality lab studies, participants are paid a sum of money for participating in the research. Inorder to approximate field conditions, all participants are told that they will be paid a cash bonus if theypass the test. In this way, both innocent and guilty participants are motivated to do whatever they can toproduce an NDI outcome, since they lose the bonus if they come out DI.

So which is better, laboratory or field research? Although most of us have opinions on the subject, therehas been almost no research that directly compares the two settings. However, a recent study conducted atthe Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoDPI) has done just that. In the next issue of “Truth” I willdescribe exactly what that research team did, as well as reviewing their surprising results.

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12

Vegas, Baby, Vegas!

2006 APA Annual SeminarSunday, July 16 -

Friday, July 21, 2006Las Vegas HiltonLas Vegas, NV

Las Vegas Hilton boasts over3,000 rooms and suites. As wellas a $18 million pool andRecreation deck. Don’t forgetto plan time for the spa, tenniscourts, and the shows. Andthat’s just inside the hotel.

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 13

2006 APA Seminar ScheduleSunday, July 16, 2006

10:00 AM – 5:00 PM Seminar Registration

1:00 PM - 5:00 PM School Directors’ Meeting

6:30 PM – 8:30 PM Annual Reception

Monday, July 17, 20067:30 AM – 5:00 PM Late Registration

8:00 AM – 8:15 AM Opening CeremoniesClassroom A Call to Order – TV O’Malley, APA President

Master of Ceremonies – Roy Ortiz, APA Director, Seminar Program ChairPresentation of Colors – USMCThe National Anthem – Jennifer LeBelPledge of Allegiance – Roy OrtizInvocation-

8:15 AM – 8:30 AM Welcome to Las Vegas, NevadaClassroom A APA 41st Annual Seminar / Workshop

Las Vegas Mayor

10:00 AM – 11:30 AM Spouse / Guest Brunch

9:30 AM – 9:45 AM Break – Sponsored by:

Monday, July 17, 20068:45 AM – 12:00 PM Testing PrinciplesClassroom A Eric J. Holden, Past APA President

8:45 AM – 11:00 AM Interviewing & InterrogationClassroom B Micky Boettger, Army CID

8:45 AM – 12:00 PM Nailing the Pre-TestClassroom C Milton O. (Skip) Webb, APA Executive Director/Past APA President


12:00 PM – 1:00 PM Lunch (On Your Own)

12:00 PM – 1:15 PM Past President’s Luncheon

1:15 PM – 4:45 PM Advanced Detecting The Neuro-Physiological Patterns of DeceptionClassroom A Janice M. Niederhofer, DEA (Polygraph)

1:15 PM – 4:45 PM Interviewing Strategies Through Verbal AnalysisClassroom C Vincent Sandoval – FBI

1:15 PM – 3:00 PM Polygraph Research BasicsClassroom B Stuart Senter, Ph.D., Research Psychologist

3:00 PM – 5:00 PM Updated Chart AnalysisClassroom B Cleve Backster, School Director

2:30 PM – 2:45 PM Break Sponsored by:

5:00 PM – 6:00 PM APA Issues in the Different Fields of PolygraphClassroom A Private-Moderator – James Earle, Ph.D., APA Director

Vickie T. Murphy, APA Secretary, Daniel Sosnowski, APA Director, Larry Wasser,APA Treasurer, Jack Consigli, APA Board Chair

Classroom B Government- Moderator –Donnie W. Dutton, APA VP Government, Milton O. (Skip) Webb, APAExecutive Director, Stuart Senter, Ph.D., APA Editor, Donald Weinstein, APADirector

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Monday, July 17, 2006Classroom C Law Enforcement – Moderator-

Michael Gougler, APA VP Law EnforcementSteven Duncan, APA Director

Classroom D International MembersModerator – Roy Ortiz, APA DirectorFrank Horvath, Ph.D., Past APA President

Tuesday, July 18, 20066:30 AM – 7:30 AM State Leadership Breakfast

8:00 AM – 9:15 AM Best Practices: Validated TechniquesClassroom A Donald Krapohl

9:30 AM – 10:30 AM Best Practices: Principles of Multiple Issue ScreeningClassroom A Donald Krapohl

10:45 AM – 12:00 PM Best Practices: Principles of Chart AnalysisClassroom A Donald Krapohl

8:00 AM – 10:00 AM Polygraph Screening Interview TechniquesClassroom B Dan Baxter, Polygraph Technical Director

10:00 AM – 12:00 PM How to Run More “Conclusives” and Fewer “Inconclusives”Classroom B James W. Bassett, Cincinnati, Ohio

8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Pre-Test Interview, Question Formulation, Post Test InterrogationClassroom C Robert Heard, San Bernardino Sheriff’s Department




12:00 PM – 1:15 PM International Membership Luncheon

1:15 PM – 5:00 PM APA Annual Business MeetingClassroom A Election of Officers

Wednesday, July 19, 20068:00 AM – 12:00 PM APA Membership ExaminationAPA Board Room

8:00 AM – 10:00 AM Legal UpdateClassroom A Gordon L. Vaughan, Esq., APA General Counsel

10:00 AM – 12:00 PM False ConfessionsClassroom A Douglas A. Orr, Ph.D., Spokane Police Department

8:00 AM – 9:00 AM ResearchClassroom B Dr. Andy Dollins

9:00 AM – 12:00 PM International Member PanelClassroom B Frank Horvath, Ph.D., Past APA President

8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Recent Advancement in State of the Art PCSOTClassroom C Eric J. Holden, Past APA President



12:00 PM – 1:15 PM Annual LuncheonService and Merit Awards

1:15 PM – 5:30 PM Aphrodite Jones, Author, Fox News AnalystClassroom A

2:30 PM – 2:45 PM Break – Sponsored by:

3:45 PM - 4:00 PM Break – Sponsored by:

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 15

Wednesday, July 19, 20066:30 PM – 9:00 PM Polygraph Instrument Workshops

Classroom A Axciton Systems B Lafayette Instruments C Stoelting Instruments D Limestone Technology

Thursday, July 20, 20068:00 AM – 12:00 PM Polygraph Exam DocumentationClassroom A David Gordon, Georgia Bureau of Investigation

Steve Duncan, APA Director

8:00 AM – 10:00 AM A Fresh Look at Dealing with CountermeasuresClassroom B James R. Wygant, Portland, Oregon

10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Verbal AnalysisClassroom B Shane Connelly, Ph.D.

8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Integrating Polygraph into TreatmentClassroom C Phil Ledford, Assistant Director, Medlin Treatment Center




1:15 PM – 5:15 PM PhysiologyClassroom B Shirley H. Sturm, Past APA President

1:15 PM – 5:15 PM Mindful ListeningClassroom B Bruce Robertson, AAPP President

1:15 PM – 5:15 PM Sex Offender Treatment and the Use of PolygraphsClassroom C Randi Stephens, MA, LMFT



6:30 PM – 7:00 PM Cocktails

7:00 PM – 10:00 PM APA Hosted Annual Banquet / Awards CeremonySpeaker: Author Aphrodite Jones, Fox News Analyst

Friday, July 21, 20068:00 AM – 12:00 PM DaubertClassroom A Gordon Vaughan, Esq., APA Counsel, Gordon Barland, Ph.D., Milton O. (Skip)

Webb, Executive Director/Past APA President, F. Lee Bailey, Attorney, AmyParks, Attorney




1:15 PM – 3:00 PM Concealed Information TestingClassroom A Sgt. James McCloughan, Michigan State Police

3:15 PM – 5:00 PM New Credibility Assessment TechnologiesClassroom A Stuart Senter, Ph.D., Research Psychologist

1:15 PM – 5:00 PM Pre-Test: Rapport Development, Touching, and Emotional and Non-emotionalClassroom B Offenders, and Miranda Issues.

Detective Mark Purcell, Alexandria Police Department


5:15 PM Closing Remarks – APA PresidentClassroom A

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American Polygraph Association41st Annual Seminar/Workshop

Las Vegas Hilton3000 Paradise RoadLas Vegas NV 89109

July 16 – 21, 2006

Sunday, July 16, 2006

10:00 am - 5:00 pm Registration

1:00 pm - 5:00 pm School Directors’ Meeting

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm Annual Reception

Monday, July 17, 20067:30 am - 5:00 pm Late Registration

10:00 am - 11:30 am Spouse Guest Brunch

12:00 noon - 1:15 pm Past Presidents’ Luncheon

Tuesday, July 18, 2006

6:30 am – 7:30 am State Leadership Breakfast

12:00 noon - 1:15 pm International Luncheon

1:15 pm - 5:00 pm Annual Business Meeting, and Election Officers

Wednesday, July 19, 200612:00 Noon - 1:15 pm Annual Luncheon

Thursday, July 20, 20066:30 pm Cocktails, Annual Banquet and Awards Ceremony

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 17

ADVANCED RESERVATION REQUIREDAMERICAN POLYGRAPH ASSOCIATION

LAS VEGAS HILTON3000 PARADISE ROAD, LAS VEGAS NV 89109

(All room reservations must be made through the Las Vegas Hilton reservation line: # 1.800.732.7117)(Ask for the APA group rate)

APA FED ID # 52-1035722Plan now to attend the APA 41st Annual Seminar/Workshop,July 16 – 21, 2006.

Room rate: $99.00 Single/Double occupancy, plus taxes(currently 9 %) (no parking fee)CUT-OFF DATE for hotel reservations is JUNE 16, 2006 oruntil APA’s room allotment is fulfilled. Number of rooms arelimited. Individual departure dates will be reconfirmed uponcheck-in.

Seminar Chair: Robbie S. Bennett – 800.272.8037 or,423.892.3992 FAX: 423.894.5435

Seminar Program Chair: Roy Ortiz - 213.485.2535

Each registered person will be provided an APA notebook;IDbadge and tickets to all APA sponsored events.

IMPORTANT: The pre-registration discount is good only ifpayment is received on or before JULY 5, 2006.

Registration Hours– Sun. July 16 10:00 am until 5:00 pmOn-Site – Mon. July 17, 8:00 am - 12:00 noonSeminar Sessions – Mon. July 17 – Fri. July 21, 2006

Complete the form below, attach check, VISA, MC or AEinformation payable to the APA and mail or fax to:APA Nat’l Office,PO Box 8037,Chattanooga TN,37414-0037

To arrive NO LATER THAN JULY 5, 2006 for applicablediscount.

IMPORTANT: Payment information and registration receivedafter JULY 5, 2006 will be charged the on-site fee -ABSOLUTELY NO EXCEPTIONS.

Government Per Diem:The 2006 prevailing Government per diem rate is $ 99.00.

Attendees requesting the Government per diem rate will berequired to provide Government ID and travel orders toreceive the tax exemption.

CANCELLATION AND REFUND POLICY: Cancellationsreceived in writing prior to JULY 5, 2006 will receive a fullrefund.

Persons canceling after JULY 5, 2006 will not receive arefund but will be provided with the handout material.

TAX DEDUCTIONS:All expenses of continuing education (including registrationfees, travel, meals, and lodging) taken to maintain andimprove professional skills are tax deductible subject to thelimitations set forth in the Internal Revenue Code.

(The registration fee includes professional instruction,seminar materials, AM and PM Refreshment Breaks,Reception, Luncheon and Banquet)

In order to have adequate seatingADVANCED REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED

YOU MUST MAKE RESERVATIONS FOR:¨

LUNCHEON (07/19/2006) BANQUET (07/20/2006)NUMBER OF ATTENDEES LUNCHEONNUMBER OF ATTENDEES BANQUET

All of the above are included as APA Sponsored Events

Name Business PhoneAddressCity/State/ZipName of Guest(s) Children/AgesName Badge(called by) Guest(called by)

Pre Paid by July 5,2006 Fee Received After July 5,2006$300 - Member/Applicant $350 - Member/Applicant$375 - Member/Applicant with Guest $425 - Member/Applicant with Guest$100 - Additional Guest $125 - Additional Guest$400 - Non-Member $450 - Non-Member$475 - Non-Member with Guest $525 - Non-Member with Guest

*Guest Fee includes APA Sponsored Events: Reception, Guest Breakfast, Dinner and Banquet. Reservations Required.AN APA NAMETAG IS MANDATORY FOR ALL SESSIONS AND ADMISSION TO ALL APA SPONSORED EVENTS

Date of Arrival Date of Departure( )Visa ( )MC ( )AE EXP:Signature 2006

CONTINUING EDUCATION IS VITAL TO YOUR SUCCESS AND SHOULD BE A LIFELONG PURSUIT

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Polygraphi n t h e n e w sJim AllenSecurity clearance, polygraph,necessary components for highersalary

WASHINGTON, D.C. - Answer a fewquestions about your backgroundand private life and, chances are,your earning potential willskyrocket. That’s what a recentsurvey of Washington areaworkers just found.Clearinghousejobs.com, anInternet-based job board, foundthat workers with securityclearance earn 24 percent morethan counterparts with similarskills. Workers who take and passa “lifestyle polygraph,” whichincludes questions about drug andalcohol use, criminal behavior,and personal finances, earn anaverage salary of $80,319. Thosewho undergo only a“counterintelligence polygraph,”which probes the worker’sallegiance to the nation, earnabout $70,168, the survey said. Acleared worker who hasn’t passedany polygraph makes an averageof $65,472. Overall, the averagecleared employee earns $65,684,compared with $49,650 for acounterpart without a securityclearance, the survey found.Information technologymanagement executives earn themost, $105,000. Those who gainedclearance who make the mostwork for the Department of Energy,according to the survey, earningan average of $102,500, comparedwith those with a NationalSecurity Agency or CIA clearance,who earn $92,500.

Source: Internet — “SecurityClearances Can Pay Off; SurveyDetails Earnings Advantage of‘Cleared’Workers,” Washington Post;February 9, 2006.

Polygraph results suggestinnocence of homicide suspect

DAYTON, Ohio — Attorneys for a16-year-old boy charged in theshooting death of a 14-year-old boysay he’s not guilty and that he haspassed a six-hour polygraph test toprove it. Anthony Austin has beencharged with murder and remainsin a juvenile detention centerwhile his lawyer, John Paul Rion,says new information releasedMonday will prove that his clientis innocent. Authorities sayRichard Richardson III, 14, wasriding his bike last month whenAustin shot him. Initially, Austin’syounger brother Deondre, 14, wasalso accused in the slaying, butcharges against him have beendropped. Richardson’s family saidthey believe the shooter is still atlarge and police say now that theyare looking into the possibility thatanother person pulled the trigger.

Source: Internet — “Attorney:Polygraph Test Proves Suspect NotGuilty,” WHIOTV, Dayton, OH;March 6, 2006.

Supreme Court deliberates onpolygraph evidence in Missouri case

JEFFERSON CITY, Missouri –- Anremarkable Missouri arson casehas raised questions aboutallowing polygraph testimony inthe courtroom, as well as what todo if a suspect confesses to a crimeafter wrongly being told they failedthe lie detector. When SandraKemper was accused of setting ahouse on fire that killed her sonin 2001, she initially deniedwrongdoing. But when police toldher she had failed a polygraph, sheconfessed to setting the blaze tocollect insurance money. Thoughpolygraphs are usuallyinadmissible in Missouri, thejudge allowed the jury to hear theresults of the test. But the

judge later declared a mistrial,fearing the jury had heard toomuch. Now the Supreme Courtmust decide whether or not toretry the case. Kemper’s lawyer,Susan Roach, told the SupremeCourt that the confession wasgroundless because the detectivequestioning her was beingdeliberately deceptive. But thestate said the polygraph testresults were essential. Withoutthem the jury would not know thecircumstances leading to theconfession. But Sheila Whirley, aSt. Louis County prosecutor,argued that the polygraph resultsshould be inadmissible. She alsorefuted evidence heard at trialsuggesting Kemper had passed thepolygraph. The Supreme Court willlikely deliberate the matter forseveral weeks before issuing anopinion.

Source: Internet — “SupremeCourt hears polygraph case,” St.Louis Post-Dispatch; March 1,2006.

Research evidence for lie detectionusing fMRI

PHILADEPHIA, Pennsylvania –Temple University Hospitalresearchers may have discovereda new lie detection indicator inthe brain. Using functionalmagnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), the Philadelphiaresearchers were able to seespecific areas light up when aperson tells a lie, according to thestudy published in the Februaryissue of “Radiology.” Lead authorDr. Feroze B. Mohamed, AssociateProfessor of Radiology at Temple,said in the study that since brainactivation is arguably lesssusceptible to being controlled byan individual, he hopes theresearch will produce a newmethod of objective lie detectionthat can be used in a courtroom.

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 19

Dr. Mohamed and colleaguesrecruited 11 healthy subjects forthe study. A mock shooting wasstaged, in which blank bulletswere fired in a testing room. Fivevolunteers were asked to tell thetruth when asked a series ofquestions about theirinvolvement, and six were askedto deliberately lie. Each volunteerwas examined with fMRI as wellas a conventional polygraph test.Mohamed said that with fMRI,there were consistently uniqueareas of the brain, and more ofthese area were activated duringthe deceptive process than duringtruth-telling. By studying theimages, investigators were able todevelop a better picture of thedeception process in the brain.The increased activity in thefrontal lobe, especially, indicatedhow the brain works to inhibit thetruth and construct a lie.Polygraph test results alsocorrelated well with actual eventswhen subjects were asked to lie.

Source: Internet — “Functionalmagnetic resonance imagingbetter than polygraph to find liars,”News-Medical.net; February 21,2006.

Suspect contends polygraph resultssupport claims of innocence

OCEAN CITY, Maryland – RichardMcCleary was sentenced to 40years in prison last month forcocaine possession with the intentto distribute. Yet the 62-year-oldmaintains his innocence, says hepassed a polygraph that proves it,and now has plans to sue threepeople involved in the case. Butwhat prosecutors contend is thatthe polygraph questions wereskewed; phrased in such a waythat no matter the results, theyprove nothing. McCleary saidattorneys with the American CivilLiberties Union are encouraginghim to file a civil suit againstprosecutors and detectives. He isresearching whether thepolygraph evidence is admissible.Detectives say McCleary had beenout of prison just six months whenthey discovered he was selling

cocaine again. After obtaining asearch warrant for his car andmobile home, detectives found 11bags of cocaine packaged as if forindividual sale. After the drugswere seized, detectives questionedMcCleary at the Maryland StatePolice barracks. It was there,detectives say, that he said thedrugs were his and he was sellingthem for money. McClearysubmitted to a polygraphexamination by Dan Seiler of Cops,Inc., which was elected byMcCleary’s former defenseattorney, Chris Llinas. Accordingto the polygraph report, dated Oct.19, 2005, there was no deceptionindicated. The report also saysthat Cpl. Gary Bachtle of theMaryland State Police reviewedthe polygraph charts and foundrelevant questions to be truthful.However, Bachtle reviewed thosecharts again and altered hisfindings. He realized they were notappropriate because the polygraphexaminer asked compoundquestions.

Source: Internet — “McCleary sayspolygraph test results clear him,”Ocean City Today, Australia;March 3, 2006.

Confession claim denied

DONORA, Pennsylvania – Apolygraph test and a lawyer’sdecision not to accompany hisclient to the test are at the centerof a mistrial over a shooting death.Tiffany Pritchett, 29, had beenconvicted of the 1993 shootingTroy Groomes, 25. At the time a17-year-old, Pritchett wasconvicted chiefly on the testimonyof a co-defendant who claimedPritchett shot Groomes in theback of the head on the streetwithout warning. But Pritchett’sappeals attorney, Noah Geary,argued in August that Pritchettshould receive a new trial becauseher attorney erred several times.That attorney, Francis Sichkoallowed Pritchett to take apolygraph exam during herNovember 2004 trial, thenattended a college football gamerather than accompany her to the

test, according to Geary. Sichkohas said he didn’t attend becausehe thought he’d reached a dealwith the district attorney’s officethat anything said by Pritchettduring the exam would not be usedagainst her. Three state troopersclaimed Ms. Pritchett confessed tothem during the polygraph exam.Pritchett denies the claim. Shewas sentenced to life in prison,with no chance of parole. ButJudge Smith also overturned theconviction in part because statepolice failed to have Ms. Pritchettsign a waiver before her post-polygraph interview with them.

Source: Internet — “Donorawoman to get a new homicidetrial,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette;Tuesday, March 07, 2006

Suspect changes story afterpolygraph

PUEBLO, Colorado – Lie detectorresults that show Jason Chinnwas lying when he implicated foursuspects in a home-invasionmurder will not be allowed in court,a judge has ruled. Willie Robbins,Dallas Moore and DominickMichael Aragon are charged withfirst-degree murder and robbery forthe March 11, 2003, home-invasion killing of 23-year-oldDerrick Wagner. A fourth suspect,James Tyrone Carter, is wantedon a warrant for identical charges.District Judge David Crockenbergruled Friday that the law is clearabout the inadmissibility ofpolygraph test results. The rulingcame during a hearing for themurder defendants. The caseagainst Robbins, 24; Moore, 23;Carter, 36; and Aragon, 32, hingeschiefly on statements by jailhouseand confidential informants.During an interview withinvestigators while he was inprison, Chinn initially said he hadnever been to Wagner’s residence.After he was confronted with theresults of the lie detector test heclaimed to have gone theremonths earlier with two othermen, including his cousin,Robbins, who bought marijuana

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P I T Nc o n t i n u e d

there. Koncilja, the defenseattorney, argued that theprosecution should be prohibitedfrom using information fromChinn that was deemed incredibleby the lie detector test.

Source: Internet — “Trio orderedto stand trial in Wagner deathcase,” The Pueblo Chieftain ofColorado; March 16, 2006.

Allegations of misunderstoodadmissions in probation violationcase

JACKSONVILLE, Florida – A pastorwho has been convicted of havingsex with a 13-year-old girl from hiscongregation has admitted aftertaking a polygraph to continuingcontact with the victim. The Rev.Alexie Kelly, pastor of Little RockBaptist Church pleaded no contestlast March to having consensualsex with the girl and wassentenced to six months in jail andthree years on probation,including a stipulation that hehave no contact with the victim.He was arrested last month,accused of violating his probation.Prosecutors say he violated theterms of that probation severaltimes in several ways, includinghaving deliberate contact with hisvictim. The pastor testified that hehasn’t deliberately contacted theteenage girl who he had a sexualrelationship with three years ago.But Kelly’s probation officer hastestified that, after taking a liedetector test, Kelly admitted tocontact with the girl severaltimes, including one sexualconversation with the girl. Kellymaintained in his courtappearance that he has had nocontact with the girl on purposeand blamed the man who ran thepolygraph test for what he calls amisunderstanding.

Source: Internet — “PastorRemains In Jail On ProbationViolation,” WJXT TV, FLA; Feb. 17,2006

Polygraph evidence involved inconspiracy convictions

GEORGETOWN, Indiana – A judgehas sentenced Charles Boney, whoa jury has convicted of murderingthe wife and children of a formerIndiana State Trooper, to 225years in prison. The sentencecomes after last month’s decisionby a jury who found Boney guilty ofconspiracy and three counts ofmurder for the slayings of KimberlyCamm, 35, and the two children,Bradley, 7, and Jill, 5, on the nightof Sept. 28, 2000. The three wereshot to death in the garage of thefamily’s home near Georgetown,Indiana, after returning from aswim practice. During Boney’sJanuary trial, his lawyer hadargued against incriminatingresults of a polygraph that he saidshould never have been admittedas evidence because they wereunlawful interrogations. BeforeBoney’s three-week trial inJanuary, his lawyer Patrick Rennargued that his client’sincriminating statements toinvestigators and the results froma polygraph should not have beenadmitted because Boney had beensubjected to unlawfulinterrogations. Boney and hislawyers plan to appeal. Thesentencing comes as the retrial ofDavid Camm, 41, father ofKimberly and husband of thechildren, is winding down inWarrick County, Indiana. Cammwas convicted in March 2002 andsentenced to 195 years in prison,but the Indiana Court of Appealsreversed the conviction. ThoughCamm went free temporarily insummer, 2004, he was rearrestedagain and charged that Septemberafter Boney became a suspect andinvestigators linked the two men.Boney said he sold a handgun toCamm and was at the family’shome during the murders. Boneyasserted that it was Camm whoplanned and carried out theslayings.

Source: Internet — “Boneysentenced to 225 years in prison,”Louisville Courier-Journal, KY.

Preemployment polygraphuncovers child pornographer

BERLIN, Maryland – A routine liedetector test for a police job coaxeda confession from a 61-year-oldman last month that he wasaddicted to pornography. DavidEdward Kindquist went to MarylandState Police on February 10 totake a polygraph exam foremployment with the SalisburyPolice Department. During theinterview, Kindquist admitted hehad an addiction to “hardcore”pornography and had saved imagesof child pornography on hiscomputer. At one point, anunknown source sent him some30 pornographic pictures featuringfemales between ages six and 15.Following his admission, Kindquistwas arrested and charged witheight counts of possession of childpornograpy. Kindquist told a statecorporal that he thought thepictures were gross, but becauseof his addiction, it was a thrill tolook at them because he waspushing the limit by looking atthem.

Source: Internet — “Man admitsto having porn addiction,” TheDispatch of Maryland; March 23,2006.

Murder suspect flees after failingpolygraph test

YONKERS, New York — Police inWestchester County New York arehoping that by sharing newinformation they can gain newleads into an unsolved murder.Leticia Garcia Benito was killed atTibbetts Brook Park, Yonkers, lastspring, but there has been noarrests in connection with hermurder. A Westchester CountyPolice Lieutenant ChristopherCalabrese, commander of thedetective division pointed out thatBenito’s husband, Freddie Galarza,had gone to the park with Benitoand their baby girl on Cinco de

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 21

P I T Nc o n t i n u e d

Mayo of last year. After failing apolygraph test when called in forpolice questioning Galarza fled toMexico and hasn’t been heardfrom since. Galarza, 24, admittedto having a heated argument withBenito in the park the night beforethe killing, but Calbrese stoppedshort of calling him a suspect.Calabrese said police hope togather additional evidence againstGalarza and meet with his familyand friends who live locally andwho he said are withholdinginformation.

Source: Internet — “Relatives ofslain Yonkers mom hope for breakas cops publicize case,” TheJournal News of Westchester; Feb.22, 2006.

Multiple approaches employed todiscover evidence in eight-year oldmurder case

FAIRFIELD, Kentucky – In theeight years since Alana “Laney”Gwinner disappeared and waslater found killed, hundreds ofpeople have been interviewed,including 150 who have submittedto polygraph tests. Police have asuspect who they are notrevealing, but in the meantimethey are using six billboardsbearing Laney’s picture andpromoting a $10,000 award in anattempt to gather moreinformation. Laney, 23, was founddead in the Ohio River nearWarsaw, Kentucky, one monthafter she disappeared on Dec. 10,1997. Laney had left a bowlingalley after making a call to aboyfriend, whom she planned tovisit. The boyfriend is not asuspect, police said. Police believeLaney was kidnapped from thenearby parking lot, possiblyattacked sexually, then suffocatedwhen she fought back. She waslikely put into her car and dumpedinto either the Great Miami Riveror the Ohio River. The car hasnever been found.

Source: Internet — “Billboardsseek help in cold case,”Cincinnati Enquirer; Feb. 24,2006.

Follow up on Baltimore tunnelbomb plot

BALTIMORE, Maryland – Results ofa probe into the response of a now-discredited plot to blow up one ofBaltimore’s tunnels last year hasfound that a key informant on thethreat posted “questionable”results on a polygraph. The threatwas specific but unsubstantiated,according to federal officials. Aninformant claimed that anEgyptian man living in theBaltimore area was plotting todrive a bomb-laden vehicle intoone of the tunnels and detonatethe explosives. The tipster said ahalf-dozen or more terrorists weretaking part in the bomb smugglingoperation. Police searched andtook into custody three Egyptiansand a Jordanian on immigrationviolations following theinformation. But the informanthad a “questionable” performanceon a polygraph, and his story hasnot been corroborated by others.Later, others in his Baltimorecommunity said the tipster, whowas held in the Netherlands onimmigrations violations, had actedout of revenge against those whofailed to help him re-enter theUnited States.

Source: Internet — “Fault found inplot response; Communicationfailed, report says; decision toclose tunnels defended, “BaltimoreSun; Feb. 22, 2006.

Polygraph used to assess extent ofHIV spreading

RAPID CITY, South Dakota –Melissa Treadway exposed at leastfive men to HIV by having sex withthem. But Treadway wasn’tignorant to the fact she had thesexually-transmitted disease. Sheknew she was infected. InFebruary, Treadway, 22, wassentenced to 15 years in prison,with five years suspended onconditions imposed by the court.

Seventh Circuit Judge MertonTice, who told Treadway she wasplaying “Russian roulette” withthe men’s lives, also ordered herto take a polygraph to see whetheror not she had indeed exposedadditional people to the disease.While prosecutors focused on howblatant Tice was in spreading HIV,the defense argued that Treadwayhad experienced drug and alcoholproblems for a long time andneeded counseling, not jail time.Intentional exposure to HIVcarries a maximum prisonsentence of 15 years for eachcount.

Source: Internet — “Womansentenced for HIV exposure,” RapidCity Journal; Feb. 17, 2006.

Polygraph use considered byRussian military

The Russian military is interestedin using polygraphs for screeningand investigative purposes,according to Novye Izvestia, apopular Russian daily newspaper.Soldiers in the Russian SpaceForces and applicants to spaceforce academies will takepolygraphs. Four instruments havebeen purchased and used oncadets. The military may also usethem for investigations. SomeAmericans say the Russian-builtlie detector machines are evenbetter than their own and are soldat half the price. Still, at $3,800apiece, the cost presents asignificant barrier to widespreaduse in the cash-strapped country.Another obstacle is the legalstatus of the polygraph. A refusalto take a polygraph will be seen asan admission of guilt, expertssaid.

Source: Internet — “What theRussian papers say, PDD inRussian Military” Ref. RussianNews & Information Agency;February 13, 2006.

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Board of Directors’ Reports

Jim EarleVice President,

Private

Over the last twomonths our President

TV O’Malley, Bill Teigen and myself have beenworking closely with Peter Webb Public Relations staffto ensure that our public relations campaign got offto a successful start. I am happy to report that webelieve that we are moving forward and in the rightdirection to enhance the image of our profession inthe eyes of the public and media. As you know theAPA has long been aware of and involved in newscoverage regarding the use of polygraph. However,in the past, too often the APA has found itself in theposition of defending our profession and trying tocorrect misrepresentation of what a polygraphexamination involves.

The APA has established the standards of ethicalpractices, techniques, research, training andcontinuing educational programs. Until now,

however, there has not been a streamlined procedureto handle news, media inquires and request forassistance regarding the use of the polygraph, or tofind qualified experts. That has changed with theAPA’s retention of a public relations firm to receivemedia inquries and assist editors, reporters andproducers with answering questions about polygraph,and putting the appropriate polygraph expert incontact with media. In the past when the media wereseeking information about our profession they toooften got bad information or were mislead by thesources they had contacted regarding polygraph. Byhaving Peter Webb Public Relations as the pointperson for all media inquries or requests we hope tocorrect this problem.

Our first step in this process was notifying more than350 members of the print and broadcast media aboutthe APA and offering the assistance of Peter WebbPublic Relations as a resource for information aboutpolygraph. Editors, reporters and producers receivedinformation concerning how to contact our publicrelations firm. The theme of our PR campaign isPolygraph to Protect. The goal of our campaign is toconvey the important role polygraph has in oursociety and to debunk deeply ingrained myths andmedia misconception and representations aboutpolygraph. Webb PR produced a “b-roll” which is aprofessional video about our profession that can beprovided to broadcast station and programs to usewhen developing stories involving the polygraphprofession. As you know, we have received requestsfor video clips in the past by several newsorganizations but have not been able to furnish anyvideo. The creation of the “b-roll” will allow the APAto provide an accurate portrayal of a polygraphexamination for easy use by the media. The viewalso includes an interview with our President, T.V.O’Malley.

Our public relations firm had been working on thecreation of a “media kit” for reporters who need basicbackground information about the APA and polygraph.The media kit will include answers to “FrequentlyAsked Questions” and a glossary of polygraph termsand contact information for Peter Webb PublicRelations. The media kit will be added to a specialmedia room link on our APA web site. Webb PR iscontinuously monitoring news coverage concerningpolygraph so that we may proactively involve the APAwhen appropriate. Webb PR is currently involved inefforts to arrange a seminar for the film andtelevision industry in an effort to educate theentertainment industry about an accurate depictionof polygraph examinations and the polygraphprofession. President O’Malley and I

Mike GouglerVice President,

LawEnforcement

The Las Vegas seminaris fast approaching.Please send yournominations for the

various awards immediately so they may beconsidered. Remember, we have had some changesto the awards this year. Give us plenty of choices sothose deserving may be honored.

Progress continues to be made on the Standards ofPractice Committee and the Law Enforcement sub-committee for applicant screening. Thanks toeveryone who has worked so hard on all the projects.

I am looking forward to a large turnout in Las Vegas.We are trying to build on the success of last year’sawards banquet and ceremony. Remember, let’s dressfor success and maintain the high standards set lastyear.

If you have any concerns, feel free to contact me atanytime. See you in Vegas.

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23

Vickie MurphySecretary

are being kept apprised on a weekly basis of the effortsand progress of out public relations campaign.

As Don Weinstein has challenged each APA memberto be individual public relations ambassadors for ourorganization in their daily work in our profession. Inaddition I urge each member to contact PresidentO’Malley, Bill Teigen or myself with any informationconcerning polygraph that could be included in ourpublic relations campaign. I would also urge you tocontact our public relations firm directly with thisinformation. You can contact Peter Webb PublicRelations at 303.796.888 or www.pwpr.com. You cancontact our account executive with Webb PR, HeatherHalpape at 303.888.6040 (cell) or [email protected].

I am looking forward to seeing you in Las [email protected], 719.448.0106

As your Secretary, I havecontinued to respond tocalls and emails asrequired. All Minuteshave been completed andforwarded to each boardmember. Members

should be on the continued lookout for ongoingprojects underway by the Board. Hats off to PresidentO’Malley who directs and keeps your board productive,and to Chairman Consigli and Executive Webb, whoalso help run a tight ship. Major projects include:rewrites of Standards and Practices, SOP revisions,a model for Law Enforcement Screening, updates andnew annual awards, new PCSOT requirements,affiliation with a PR Firm, Peter Webb PublicRelations, and a dynamite presentation for our 2006annual seminar in Vegas which will even includefour break-out sessions at the same time for severaldays.

APA Website (www.polygraph.org) - The transitionbetween Webmasters remains smooth, and I amcontinuing to work with Ron Searcy and our ExecutiveDirector, Skip Webb to brainstorm ideas to updateand enhance our site to better meet our ever growingneeds. With affiliation underway with a professionalPR firm, expect to see media related additions online.

While I’m on the subject of websites, it reminds meof an old saying, “you pay for what you get!” As Iinstruct newbies during basic polygraph training, I

will eventually use the cliché, “for every rule thereis an exception”, followed by, “for every exceptionthere is a counter rule!” By now you’re probably asconfused as any new student during week #1 and #2during basic question formulation and chartinterpretation! My point, however, is quite simple,and in the case of our state associations, NOT payingfor something CAN be an exception to the rule. I havereceived a lot of feedback from associations who havetaken up the offer by Chris Fausett at LafayetteInstrument Company, to develop, host and maintaintheir association website for FREE! Yes, I said free!Based on arrangements I made a while back to helpour association’s get online, all your association hasto do is pay for your domain name to become part ofhttp://www.polygraphorganizations.org. That offerstill holds. The latest to be added online is UtahPolygraph Association, so check them out atwww.utahpolygraph.org. If your association doesn’thave a website, give Chris a call.

Legislation Committee – Both Counsel, GordonVaughan and I continue to monitor and alert stateassociations of proposed legislation as it is received.Two recent alerts include Kentucky and Tennessee:

Kentucky - 2006 KY S.B. 155 (R. Stivers, II) – thatamends various sections of KRS Chapter 15 dealingwith training and certification of telecommunicatorsfor law enforcement; add requirements forpsychological suitability, polygraph and drugscreening; make the Kentucky Law EnforcementCouncil rather than the Justice Cabinet responsiblefor certification of programs and trainees;telecommunicators not incompliance made subjectto termination and being barred from re-employmentin similar job for a year. (has been sent to theGovernor)

Tennessee –2005 TN S.B. 2971 (Burks) – has passedthe Senate and is an act to amend the Tennesseecode annotated, title 38 and title 40, relative toprohibiting the use of polygraph or similar devicesunder certain circumstances.

Previous legislation that we have continued to followincludes:

2006 South Dakota H.B. 1046 – a NEW SECTION toread as follows: No insurer may request or requireany insured to submit to a polygraph examination.

2006 Indiana H.B. 1061 - That would affectinterrogation of a public safety officer.

2005 New York H.B. 9250 – Relates to sex offenders

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Dan SosnowskiDirector

The area of PostConviction Sex OffenderTesting (PCSOT)continues to expandacross the UnitedStates. States such as

Alaska, Alabama, North Carolina, and SouthCarolina have begun to use the polygraph as atreatment and/or probation tool.

Due to this growth and the impact that the resultscould have, it has been suggested by some individualsthat an additional standard regarding the videotaping of PCSOT exams be established. This wouldrequire that all PCSOT exams be videotaped in theirentirety. The argument for this requirement issimple; the possibility of a case going to courtregarding a revocation hearing is becoming greaterand greater. This requirement would protect theexaminer as well as the polygraph technique itself.The APA already has a standard for the requirementof video or audio taping for polygraph exams that areto be used in evidentiary cases.

I believe that the majority of examiners who arecurrently conducting PCSOT exams are already videotaping their exams due to the potential of being calledinto court regarding a revocation hearing. Mostexaminers are also videotaping these types of examsbecause they have discovered that some sexoffenders will often inform their therapists orprobation officers that they never admitted some ofthe information that they revealed to the polygraphexaminer, especially if that offender is going to besanctioned for that admitted behavior.

Many examiners use video tape because thetechnology has made it much easier. Evenexaminers who still rely on analog instruments caneasily purchase video taping equipment for a smallcost and be in compliance with such a standard. Ifirmly believe that having a requirement such asthis would not hinder the polygraph profession, butrather strengthen the overall appearance to our endusers as well as our detractors.

As some of you may have heard or read, the Board ofDirectors has approved a standard that requires thathalf of the current 30 hours required be specific toissues that deal with the treatment or probation ofsex offenders. Again, one of the main reasons for thischange is the higher level of professionalism that

with requirements for in person registry, prohibitsemployment or volunteering in youth organizations,authorizes polygraph usage, and directs anestablishment of door-to-door notification of residentsof a sex offender within 1000 feet.

2005 Alaska S.B. 218 – Relates to periodic polygraphexams for sex offenders released on probation orparole and to sentencing for sex offenders andhabitual criminals.

As always, if your state needs APA assistanceregarding any polygraph related legislation, pleaselet us know.

State Advisory Board – Due to scheduling problemsat our upcoming seminar, our state leadershipmeeting will be held early during breakfast at 6:30-7:30am on Tuesday, July 18th. State presidents arewelcome to attend, so please be sure to RSVP inadvance (so that we know how many meals to orderand don’t have to pay for no-shows!), and let me knowif you have any issues you need to address to thegroup. If you are unable to attend, please appoint arepresentative to attend on your behalf. Please alsotake this opportunity to check the APA website tomake sure your state association President andcontact information is updated, as well as make sureyour annual association seminar announcement isposted at our site.

One more note for state associations: in futureeditions of the Magazine, the Board of Directors willbe soliciting information to feature suchorganizations dedicated to our practice in a sectionentitled “Focus On.” In the last edition, FloridaPolygraph Association was featured by DonWeinstein. You could be next! When it comes toeither the Internet or such articles, you havenothing to lose except exposure about yourassociation and its members.

2006 Annual APA Seminar (Sunday, July 16 – Friday,July 21st – Las Vegas, NV) - If you haven’t made yourreservations for Las Vegas, don’t get left out. Thefacility is dynamite and the program will be hard tochoose from. You can register with our NationalOffice Manager, Robbie Bennett, online and will beposted online.

Professionally,Vickie T Murphy-Carr


39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:20 PM24



25

those examiners will attain from receiving thisspecialized training. At a recent meeting oftherapists who specialize in treating sex offenders,this new standard was announced. The professionalsin attendance applauded this requirement and wereimpressed that the APA has gone the extra step.

The requirement for the 15 hours of specializedtraining is not above and beyond what was previouslyrequired. All it is saying is that 15 hours every twoyears must be in the field of treatment or probationissues that deal with sex offenders. This requirementcan be easily achieved since many states havechapters for The Association for the Treatment ofSex Offenders or American Association of Probationand Parole. This years’ APA Annual Conference willhave some workshops that would count towards thisrequirement.

Another issue under discussion is establishingstandards for minimum age requirements in PCSOT-related testing. Many states that have polygraphlicensing laws do not address the issue of a minimumage of the examinee. I have been informed by Dr.Gene Abel, M.D. that he has a policy that no oneunder the age of 12 can submit to the Abel Screen. Iwas also informed that individuals who are underthe age of 14 should not submit to an actual PPGexamination. The question is if other well knowntools used in the treatment of sex offenders establisha minimum age, then perhaps the polygraphcommunity should establish a minimum age forconducting an examination.

In closing, I realize that some examiners may feelthat establishing standards that require them toconform to areas that deal with administering examsis going too far, but I believe that we as a professionhaven’t gone far enough.

Once again, it is imperative to mention thatexaminers who are conducting PCSOT exams complywith the recent request to submit for documentationof the required Continuing Education requirementthat the APA has established. As of this date, manyexaminers have failed to send in theirdocumentation of CEU’s to the National Office. Byfailing to adhere to this policy, examiners arejeopardizing their PCSOT certification and in factmay be not in compliance set forth in some contracts.Many therapists rely on the fact that the examinersthat they use for PCSOT exams meet all of therequired APA guidelines.

If I may be of assistance, please e-mail me [email protected].

Steve DuncanDirector

As the “spring thaw”ensues things are stillexceptionally busy withthe ContinuingEducation Committee. Ihave been coordinatingwith some of thecommittee members in

setting up three regional seminars as previouslymentioned as well as looking at other target areasto bring more quality training to the field. As usualMs. Robbie has been doing her exemplary job insetting up the hotels for these events.

Plans are still in place for CE seminars forMississippi in May, Texas in September, and Virginiain November. We are completing the trainingagendas and instructor requests currently andshould have this completed soon. Suggestions and/or ideas are still welcomed for the year, so contactme with any info.

I am still working on some guidelines for CE RegionalSeminar Instructors and would welcome input fromany members. I have almost completed aquestionnaire for committee members along thisline and should send it out soon.

I hope everyone is making plans to attend the annualseminar in Las Vegas this year. Having seen theproposed agenda, Director Roy Ortiz, Ms. Robbie, andothers have outdone themselves with what promisesto be the best seminar yet.

I am continuing work on the “Annual, Unofficial,APA Seminar Motorcycle Ride” for Las Vegas thisyear. Our best deal for rentals is still with the peopleat the Las Vegas Harley Davidson Dealership on S.Eastern Avenue in Las Vegas. Sam Zenkner hasquoted us a rental rate of $125.00 per 24 hours, for abig twin (Road King, Electra Glide, Fatboy, etc.)including helmet and rainsuit. Bike Insurance is$15, bike, driver, passenger, and liability is 29.00.All charges are plus 7.75 % tax. As is customary, a$1000 credit card deposit is required along with amotorcycle license. The minimum age for rentalsis 25. If you’re not bringing your own bike and wantto participate in the ride you may want to call andmake reservations. The number is 702.431.8500,ask for Sam in Rentals and tell her you are with theAmerican Polygraph Association and request the125.00 rate. We are planning to take a dinner ride

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:20 PM25


Roy OrtizDirector


26

Volunteers are beingsought for the AmericanPolygraph Association’s(APA) 41st annualWorkshop/Seminar,July 16-21, 2006 in Las

Vegas, Nevada. Volunteers are the foundation of theAPA and the Workshop/Seminar. APA Boardmembers and their spouses, the various committeemembers and the heart of the APA, Robbie Bennett,are all volunteers. Equally important if not moreimportant, are the APA members that volunteer at amoment’s notice.

My goals as the Seminar Program Chair includehaving APA members volunteer prior to the seminarto act as:

1. Sergeant at Arms at each presentation.2. Computer trouble shooter for each speaker.

The Sergeant at Arms will be tasked with checkingfor APA name tags of all attendees at their assignedpresentation. This will ensure that only registeredAPA members enter the classrooms and prevent thegeneral public from obtaining sensitive/confidentialinformation.

The computer trouble shooter will assist the speakerwith computer, microphone, lights, and Power Pointconnections. Additionally, they will maintain aliaison with hotel staff for special requests.

Please review the seminar schedule ahead of timeto select your preferred presentation and thenvolunteer as a Sergeant at Arms or computer troubleshooter.

Please e-mail at [email protected]

International MembersTranslators will be available for the 2006 seminar,if there are an adequate number of interestedmembers that sign up by July 1, 2006. Please e-mailme at [email protected] with your name andwhat language is being requested and your selectedpresentations. Based on the number of interestedmembers, the additional cost for this service will beequally divided among the members.

Upcoming Article

Frederic Dehon, Federal Police, Belgium, recentlysubmitted an article regarding the use of polygraphin the administration of justice of criminal justice.Due to the length of the article, it will be publishedin the APA quarterly journal. Frederic has alreadyattended several APA seminars with his colleagues.Please introduce yourself at the next seminar, thiswill be your opportunity to practice your French orFlemish and for Frederic to practice his English.

on Tuesday night during the Seminar leaving theHotel at 5 pm and riding approximately 85 milesincluding Red Rock Canyon or about 130 milesincluding the Valley of Fire. This is still in theplanning stage and will be a guided ride. Justremember to make reservations early if you want torent a bike.

I leave you with an invitation to contact me if I canassist you in any way by phone 404.624.7465 or e-mail at [email protected].

The American PolygraphThe American PolygraphThe American PolygraphThe American PolygraphThe American PolygraphAssociation’s MissionAssociation’s MissionAssociation’s MissionAssociation’s MissionAssociation’s Mission

Established in 1966, the AmericanPolygraph Association (APA) consists ofover 2600 members dedicated toproviding a valid and reliable means toverify the truth and establish the higheststandards of moral, ethical, andprofessional conduct in the polygraphfield.

The American Polygraph Associationcontinues to be the leading polygraphprofessional association, establishingstandards of ethical practices,techniques, instrumentation, research,and advanced training and continuingeducational programs.

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APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 27


Don WeinsteinDirector

I find it amazing that weare already starting thesecond quarter of the year.It won’t be very long at allbefore we are basking insunny Las Vegas for our 41st

Seminar and Workshop.Roy Ortiz has worked

diligently in preparing a superb schedule and I haveassisted by securing a speaker for one of the classesand for our banquet.

Seeing I have a captive audience of those readingthe Magazine, please allow me to address a couple ofthings that I hope you will find informative andinteresting.

As the General Chair for the Grievance and EthicsCommittee, I have received queries aboutexaminers using analog versus computerizedpolygraph instruments. For some reason some of yourclients out there may think that their specificexamination was flawed because of the instrumentthat was used. Now, before the manufacturers andothers take a contract out on me, a word ofexplanation is probably necessary here. Under nocircumstances am I suggesting that analoginstruments can’t be used. Yes, computerizedinstruments are the latest in technology and lots ofexaminers certainly prefer them over analoginstruments. However, if you are inclined to useanalog instruments, you must ensure that it is inproper working order, clean and as a personalpreference, calibrated with each and everyexamination. Although these procedures exceed theAPA Standard, I would recommend it to put yourclients at ease and any time you can practice theconcept of “an ounce of prevention is worth a poundof cure” you can expect significant dividends. If youwish to transition from analog to computerizedpolygraph, you can certainly be directed to anynumber of people or our accredited schools to helpyou make this change. All I am saying is to makesure that you provide your clients the best possibleservice, regardless of the instruments that you areusing. That said, you might want to think aboutwhen you will change to a different instrument andwhat this means to your clients. Imagine if you wentto your doctor and he suggested using leeches to“clean” your blood (this was actually done in medievaltimes). You want him to use the latest techniquesand procedures to help you remain healthy. You too

are a professional and your clients deserve nothingless than professional behavior.

I also wanted to take this opportunity to mentionanother issue that (no pun intended) is near anddear to my heart. Recently, I had another healthrelated issue that I most likely helped bring onmyself. Being a devotee’ of physiology, I have to tellyou I sometimes feel like a laboratory rat because Ikeep learning more and more the hard way…throughexperience. Okay, got your attention? Wonder whathe is going to say now? Here it is! How many of youpay any attention to your diets. I am not talking aboutSouth Beach, Weight Watchers or those things. I amjust talking about what you eat. Not bragging, but Ihave been an examiner for about 28 years now andcan honestly say that up until last month, I paid littleattention to what I ate. It always seemed that I hadan examination scheduled, or was running throughan airport on my way to training, or yet anotherexamination and related that I had to fuel the engine.It was adequate to grab a burger, fries and a soft drink,wolf it down and with a mighty “burp” feel satisfied.If I had only known what it was doing to me. I recentlyrealized that along with concerns about calories andfat (the stuff in your food, not what was around mywaist), you need to be concerned with intake ofsodium (salt). How many times, have you looked atyour ankles and noted that they were swelling anddownright hurt? Chances are the problem is theamount of salt that you consume. Sometime, takethe opportunity to peek at the labels on the food thatyou eat. You will be surprised. Nutritionists tell usthat we should consume no more than 2000-2500milligrams of sodium each day. If you already haveunderlying health problems, you need to be evenmore diligent about this consumption. Too muchsodium in your body makes your heart work harderand makes your heart less efficient, often resultingin a condition called congestive heart failure. Thisliterally means that your heart cannot efficientlypump blood though your systemic system, supplyingblood and nutrients (oxygen) to your body. If you findyourself breathing heavily after brief and not sostrenuous exercise (I discovered mine in walkingdown the driveway to the house), perhaps it is timefor you to see your doctor and certainly reconsideryour diet. My point here folks, is not to preach, butremind you that you need to take care of yourself.Each and everyone of you perform a valuable service,whether it is in the government, law enforcementor the private sector. Your first concern is your ownhealth. Nuff said?

Looking forward to seeing many of you in Las Vegasin July. Travel safely!

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM27


AMERICAN POLYGRAPH ASSOCIATIONAPPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE

OFADVANCED & SPECIALIZED TRAINING

(Application for the Certificate of Advanced and Specialized Training will be granted only to those that have completed thirty-six(36) hours of approved advanced and specialized training during the past three (3) years.

NAME:____________________________________________________________________________________________

ADDRESS:_________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

TELEPHONE #: ( )________________________________________________________________________________

Membership Status: ( ) Full Member ( ) Life Member ( ) Associate Member

Current Dues Paid In Full: ( ) Yes ( ) No

Approved Advanced & Specialized Training: Attach Certificate(s)

Course Name Date(s) Location Hours__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

I,_______________________________________, do hereby make application for the Certificate of Advanced & SpecializedTraining by the American Polygraph Association. All information contained above is true and correct to the best of my ability. Irelease the American Polygraph Association to conduct an inquiry or investigation as appropriate to verify said information.

____________________________________ Applicant

Make check payable to AMERICAN POLYGRAPH ASSOCIATIONin the amount of fifty dollars ($50.00)

Mail to: APA National Office, PO Box 8037, Chattanooga TN 37414-0037

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM28


Upgrading from Associate to Full MemberAssociate Members shall be eligible to beupgraded to Full Member status providedthat the following conditions have beenmet:

1. They have satisfactorily completed aqualifying examination attesting to theirknowledge of and competence in theadministration of polygraph procedures.This examination shall consist of an oraland written assessment of both academicand practical knowledge of polygraphdetection of deception procedures and shallbe administered by the APA MembershipCommittee only at an APA annual seminar.

2. They have been an Associate Memberfor not less than 36 months; and,

3. Within 36 months preceding upgradingthey have successfully completed either:

a. At least 108 hours of continuingeducation in topics directly related topolygraph testing, including at least oneAPA annual seminar, during their AssociateMembership; or

b. An APA approved refresher courseadministered by a polygraph trainingschool accredited by the APA; and

4. They are in attendance at an APA annualseminar at the time of consideration of theirrequest for upgrading to Full Member; and,

5. They submit proof of having completedno less than 200 satisfactory polygraphexaminations; and,

6. They hold a current and valid license asa polygraph examiner in the state or othersimilar governmental jurisdiction of theirpractice if at the time of application suchlicense is required by law; and,

7. They have satisfied all financialobligations to the APA.

8. If a person who is now an AssociateMember completes a B.S. or B.A. degreeand mails in a copy of the diploma can beautomatically upgraded to Full Member.

Associate Members shall be eligible to voteand to serve on committees in the APA,but they shall not be eligible to holdelective

office or to chair committees in the APA.Associates shall not represent themselvesas other than Associate Members of theAPA.

Continuing Education andRefresher Courses

Applicants are required to submit proof of108 hours of continuing education or APA-approved refresher courses in topics relatedto polygraph testing. These 108 hours mayinclude college related courses inpsychology, physiology, and other relatedtopics. Law Enforcement or Governmentsponsored programs directly related topolygraph, interviewing andinterrogations; annual APA seminars andworkshops, state polygraph associationsseminar and/or workshops; and APAapproved polygraph training schoolrefresher programs.

Prior to Sitting for theExamination

1. Applicants must notify the CommitteeChair through APA National Office, P.O.Box 8037, Chattanooga, TN 374140037,in writing 30 days prior to an annual APAseminar, regarding their intentions forupgrading. In addition, applicants arerequired to submit successful completionof continuing education, refresher trainingand licensing where applicable.

2. Applicants shall provide the CommitteeChair (through the APA National Office)with a notarized affidavit that the applicanthas completed not less than 200 actualpolygraph examinations.

1. The examination process for upgradingfrom Associate to Full Member shallconsist of both a written test and an oralexamination, administered only during theannual APA seminar.

(If the Associate Member successfullycompleted an APA-administered writtenexamination required for Associatemembership prior to August 31, 1989, tosubstitute that examination for the writtenassessment required. However, the oralassessment required must be completed asspecified in rules developed by the

Membership Committee and approved bythe Board of Directors.)

2. The written examination will consist ofquestions relating to physiology,psychology, legal aspects, history, questionformulation, chart interpretation,instrumentation, chart markings,polygraph testing procedures, andtechniques.

3. During the oral examination, theapplicant shall present 10 case files forreview by the Membership CommitteePanel (MCP), which are recommended bythe President at the location and time ofthe examination. The applicant shallexplain, to the satisfaction of the panelmembers, the polygraph chart recordingsand conclusions of the examinations. Casefiles shall consist of all test records suchas case facts, question lists, consent forms,polygraph charts/recordings, writtenreports, and conclusions.

4. Applicants should be prepared torespond to questions regarding their testquestion formulation, testing technique,procedures, and chart analysis.

5. In addition, the MCP will provide theapplicant with one or more writtenscenarios of a case or cases, and theapplicant will be required to demonstrateproficiency in question formulation.

6. All applicants shall attain not less than70% correct answers on the written andoral examination.

7. All applicants shall be notified of theresults of the examination no later than 30days after the examination.

8. In the event an applicant fails one orboth components, he/she shall be requiredto retake only the component of theexamination, written or oral, which wasfailed. If successful passage is not attainedwithin two attempts, both componentsshall be retaken.

9. An applicant who fails to pass acomponent of the examination is noteligible for re-examination of thatcomponent until the next seminar.

Written and Oral Testing

29

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM29


Academy for Scientfic InvestigativeTraining1704 Locust Street, 2nd FloorPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19103Director: Nathan J. GordonPh: 215.732.3349Fax: 215.545.1773E-mail: [email protected]: www.polygraph-training.com

Academy of Polygraph Science2480 East Bay Drive, Suite 30Largo, FL 33771-2467Director: Richard E. PoePh: 727.531.1217E-mail: [email protected]: www.drpoeandassoc.com

American Institute of Polygraph908 Barton StreetOtsego, Michigan 49078-1583Director: Lynn P. MarcyPh: 262.692.2413

American International Institute ofPolygraph1408 Southlake Plaza DriveMorrow, GA 30260-0686Director: Charles E. SlupskiPh: 404.765.6547Fax: 404.765.6547E-mail: [email protected]: www/polygraphschool.com

Arizona School of Polygraph Science3106 W Thomas Road, Suite 1114Phoenix, Arizona 85017Director: Thomas R. EzellPh: 602.272.8123, 800.464.7831Fax: 602.272.9735E-mail: [email protected]: www.azpolygraphschool.comRRRR Re

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eBackster School of Lie Detection861 Sixth Avenue, Suite 403San Diego, California 92101-6379Director: Cleve BacksterPh: 619.233.6669Fax: 619.233.3441E-mail: [email protected]: www.backster.net

Canadian Police College PolygraphTraining SchoolP.O. Box (CP) 8900Ottawa, Canada K1G 3J2Director: Sgt. Barry EttingerPh: 613.998.0886Fax: 613.990.8588

DoD Polygraph Institute7540 Pickens AvenueFort Jackson, SC 29207Director: William F. NorrisPh: 803.751.9100Fax: 803.751.9125 or 37Registrar e-mail: [email protected]: www.dodpoly.army.milFederal, State, and Local LawEnforcement only

Kentucky Institute of PolygraphStudiesDepartment of Criminal Justice Training521 Lancaster RoadRichmond, KY 40475Director: Richard KurtzPh: 502.573.2100E-mail: [email protected]

International Academy of Polygraph1835 South Perimeter Road, Suite 125Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309-3066Director: Lou CriscellaPh: 954.771.6900Fax: 954.776.7687E-mail: [email protected]

PPPPPolololololyyyyygggggrrrrraaaaaph ph ph ph ph SSSSSAccrAccrAccrAccrAccrededededed

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM30

APA Magazine, 2006, 39(2) 31

Polygraph Science AcademyL-2-7 (Block L) Plaza DamasJalan Sri Hartamas 1, Sri Hartamas50480 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDirector: Akhbar Haji SatarPh: 603.62015011, 603.62015012E-mail: [email protected],

[email protected]: www.akhbarassociates.com/psa.htm

Sauk Valley Community CollegeSkyhawk Polygraph Institute173 Illinois Route 2Dixon IL, 61021Director: Samuel L. BraddockPh: 815.288.5511

Texas Department of Public SafetyLaw Enforcement Polygraph SchoolPO Box 4087Austin, Texas 78773-0001Director: Michael GouglerPh: 512.424.2200Fax: 512.424.5717E-mail: [email protected]

Virginia School of Polygraph203 Loudoun Street, S.W.Leesburg, Virginia 20176Director: Darryl DebowPh: 703.737.0231Fax: 703.737.3580E-mail: [email protected]: www.virginiaschoolofpolygraph.com

Israell Goverment Polygraph SchoolP.O. Box 17193Tel-Aviv 61171 IsraelDirector: Tuvia ShuranyE-mail: igpolyschool.bezequnt.net

Latin American Polygraph InstituteTransversal 17 No. 122-73Bogota - ColombiaDirector: Sidney Wise AriasPh: 57.1.4829421Fax: 57.1.2148334E-mail: [email protected]

Maryland Institute of Criminal Justice8424 Veterans Highway, Suite 3Millersville, Maryland 21108-0458Director: Billy H. ThompsonPh: 410.987.6665 or 800.493.8181Fax: 410.987.4808E-mail: [email protected]: www.micj.com

Mexico Center for Polygraph StudiesCalle Cuauhtemoc # 168Colonia Tizapan de San AngelMexico D.F. 01059Director: Luz Del Carmen DiazPh: 011.52.55.5616.6273E-mail: [email protected]

Pennsylvania State Police/HACC PolygraphInstitute @ Northeast Counterdrug TrainingCenter1 HACC DriveShumaker Public Services HallHarrisburg, PA 17110-2999Director: Elmer CriswellPh: 717.780.2513 or 877.806.6293Fax: 717.236.0709E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.counterdrug.org

h h h h h ScScScScSchoolshoolshoolshoolshoolsedited bedited bedited bedited bedited by the y the y the y the y the APAPAPAPAPAAAAA

39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM31


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39,2working.pmd 4/5/2006, 4:21 PM32

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