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 Related Literatures Paternal Child Care y Paternal child care and children's development y Broadening the Definition for Unemployed Fathers y T he Involvement of Selected Unemployed and Employed Men with T heir Children y Unemployed fathers and their children: Implications for policy and practice y T he portrait of the unemployed father in F innish Women's Magazines . y Patterns and Determinants of Paternal Child Care During a Child's First T hree Years of Life y Father involvement in child care and household work in common-law dual-earner and single-earner Jamaican families y Paternal child care and children's development y Paternal involvement in childcare and unintentional injury of young children: a population-based cohort study in Japan y Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare in dual-earner  families with young children. y Paternal Involvement in Child Care as a Function of Maternal Employment in Nuclear and Extended Families in India y Paternal Participation in Child Care and Its Effects on Children's Self-Esteem and Attitudes T oward Gendered Roles y Books:  The Role of The Father in Child Development, Fatherhood: Research, Inventions and Policies, The Role of The Father: An Introduction ± 2 nd Edition Verceles, Timotheo Joy E. 6/25/2010

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Related Literatures

Paternal Child Care

y  Paternal child care and children's development 

y  Broadening the Definition for Unemployed Fathers

y  T he Involvement of Selected Unemployed and Employed Men

with T heir Children

y  Unemployed fathers and their children: Implications for policy 

and practice

y  T he portrait of the unemployed father in Finnish Women's

Magazines.

y  Patterns and Determinants of Paternal Child Care During a

Child's First T hree Years of Life

y  Father involvement in child care and household work in

common-law dual-earner and single-earner Jamaican families

y  Paternal child care and children's development 

y  Paternal involvement in childcare and unintentional injury of 

young children: a population-based cohort study in Japan

y  Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare in dual-earner 

 families with young children.

y  Paternal Involvement in Child Care as a Function of Maternal 

Employment in Nuclear and Extended Families in India

y  Paternal Participation in Child Care and Its Effects on

Children's Self-Esteem and Attitudes T oward Gendered Roles

y  Books:  The Role of The Father in Child Development, Fatherhood:Research, Inventions and Policies, The Role of The Father: AnIntroduction ± 2nd Edition

Verceles, Timotheo Joy E.

6/25/2010

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U nemployed f athers  and  their children: Impli cations f or  poli cy and  pra cti ce   Author Information:  

Jo urnal   Child  and Adoles cent So cial Work Jo urnal Publisher  Springer Netherlands  ISSN 0738-0151 (Print ) 1573-2797 (Online )Iss ue   Vol ume  8, Number 2 / April , 1991  

Categor y Arti cles  DOI 10.1007/BF00757552

Pages   101-116Sub je ct Colle ction   B eha vioral Scien ce  Springer Link Date  Monda y, De cember  13, 2004 

Loring Jones1 School  of  So cial Work, San Diego State U ni versit y, 92182 San Diego , CA

 Abstra ct:  This  paper  re views  the  literat ure  on  the  famil y effe cts  of  unemplo y ment  in  order  to  spe cif  y how changes  in  the  e conom y might  effe ct  fathering d uring periods  of  unemplo y ment . The  p urpose  for  doing so  is  to  pro vide  information  to clini cians  on  how job loss  effe cts  famil y d y nami cs . This  paper  is  organized  aro und  three variables  that  are  seen  as  infl uen cing the  father  and child  relationship . These variables  are:  the  father''s  rea ction  to job loss , the  mother''s  rea ction  to job loss , and  the chara cteristi cs  of   the child . The  paper  ends  with  a  dis cussion  of   the  poli cy and  pra cti ce  

impli cations  of   the  literat ure .Internet So ur ce:  www.springerlink.com /index/G62322R12442R3L7.pdf   

The  portrait  of   the unemplo y ed  father  in Finnish Women's Magazines . Author Information:  

by Mar  ja Leena B ook , Leena Penttinen  

 Abstra ct:  UNEMPLOYMENT AND FATHERHOODThis  st ud y began  at  a  time  when unemplo y ment  had  alread y be come  a  sizeable  politi cal  problem  in Finnish  so ciet y.New statisti cs  were constantl y appearing as  e viden ce  of   rising n umbers  of  unemplo y ed  people . The  aim  of   this  paper  is  to  examine  the  dis cursi ve constr uction  of   the unemplo y ed  father . The  st ud y is  a  part  of   a  larger  resear ch  pro  je ct con cerned  with unemplo y ment  and  parenthood . The  fo cus  is  on  the  portrait  of   the unemplo y ed  father  in  Women's  magazines . Fatherhood  toda y has  been  fo und  to  be  rather conf  using for  men . The  role  of   a  father  is  both  in  a  state  of   fl ux as  well  as  retaining traditional  feat ures . Seel (1987) distinguishes  two  kinds  of   father  roles . First  there  is  the  traditional  father  whose  role  is  that  of   the  breadwinner , an ultimate  a uthorit y who  sees  no  need  to  e x press con cern  abo ut  pra cti cal child care . Pro viding for  the  famil y is  the  traditional  father's  ke y parental  responsibilit y ; Ka ul (1991) has called  this  e conomi c parenting, According to  the  traditional  model  it  is  the  father  whotransmits  the  real  model  of  citizenship  to  his children , and  it  is  the  father  in  parti cular  who  transmits  the 'proper 'model  of   a  man  to  his  sons (B igner , 1979). Another  role  of   the  father  is  that  of   the  a cti ve  father (Seel , 1987) whi ch  Russell (1983) has called  a  shared-caregi ving father . He  takes  responsibilit y for child care  and  gi ves  home  life  a  higher . priorit y than  his  work. In  his  famil y the  ho usehold  tasks  are  equall y shared . This  famil y -in vol ved  t y pe  of   father  has  also  been called  the  new father (Lamb, 1986:7). B ronstein (1988) re views  man y st udies  whi ch  indi cate  that  fathers  toda y are  also  in vol ved  in  this  new kind  of   fatherhood . Howe ver , these  two  different  roles  are  contradi ctor y in  e ver y da y life , and  espe ciall y when  life-changes , s uch  as  the unemplo y ment  of   the  father , o ccur .

Jones (1991) argues  that  a  sit uation  in  whi ch  the  father  is  o ut  of   work is  more  problemati c for  the  famil y than  the  unemplo y ment  of   the  mother , be ca use  the  mental  health  stat us  of   a  man  is  more  affe cted  by job loss  than  that  of   a  woman . Jones  lists  the  impa cts  of   the  father 's unemplo y ment . First , the job loss  probabl y reinfor ces  rather  than  changes  the  relationships  and  sit uation  in  the  famil y that  alread y e x isted . In  the  se cond  pla ce , findings  abo ut  the  ps ychologi cal  impa cts  on  the  father var y. In  parti cular , the unemplo y ed  man  who  identifies  himself   as  a  traditional  father  ma y per cei ve  himself   as uns uccessf  ul , but  the  sit uation can  also  be  diffi cult  for  other  kinds  of   men (Seel ,1987). Some jobless  men  adopt  a  greater  ho usekeeping and child-rearing role  than  others , but  in  some cases ,

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because of changes in the character of these men, they may also lose authority and respect in the eyes of their children (Madge, 1983).In their study of househusband fathers, Lutwin and Siperstein (1985:279-281) found three major task areas whichconfront the traditional father in his role as a househusband. These areas are 1) domestic tasks, 2) personal tasks,and 3) environmental tasks. These areas display different kinds of common beliefs and traditional myths concerningthe father's role. In domestic tasks the traditional myth persists that the female has innate abilities with reference tosuch tasks. In the area of personal tasks the father can face up to problems because of the traditional myth that aman's role is to provide by wor king, not by nurturing. The third area, that of environmental tasks, deals with the

problems of a father isolated from his wor kmates. At the same time, he experiences loneliness and boredom incarr ying out the same daily routine at home. Accordingly, the father feels that the community at lar ge may notaccept the new role of the father. Russell (1987) suggests that one of the most obvious of the possible difficulties afather might experience is feeling threatened in his identity and status as a male. Interest in fatherhood hasincreased during the past centur y. While evidently social scientists are interested in fatherhood, including culturaldefinitions and behaviour, it is not obvious that the lay public shares the same interest. Much of the generalknowledge, opinions, and attitudes that people have in ever yday life are not known from personal experience butfrom the media, e.g., from newspapers, magazines, and television. This is also the case with the unemployedfather. Articles in newspapers as well as television present examples of both traditional and new father roles(Bronstein, 1988:3-4). In their analysis of popular ...

Internet Source: 

http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst; jsessionid=MkWD5WGhHGKjsG11KdGF1Jw1CzHgG7NnLpmHW9mssMGKKjpk j4MB!-1371090394!1380883283?docId=5000571039 

P atterns and Determinants of P aternal Child Care During a Child's First Three Years of Life Author Information:

 Authors: Susan L. Averetta; Lisa A. Gennetianb; H. Elizabeth P etersc  Affiliations:

a Department of Economics and Business, Lafayette College, Easton, P  A, USA b Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New Yor k, NY, USA c Department of P olicy Analysis and Management, Martha Van Rennselaer Hall, Cornell University,Ithaca, NY, USA 

DOI: 10.1300/J002v29n02 _08 P ublication Frequency: 8 issues per year P ublished in: Marriage & Family Review, Volume 29, Issue 2 & 3 May 2000 , pages 115 - 136Formats available: P DF (English)

 Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request P ermissions Single Article P urchase: US$30.00 - buy now add to cart [ show other buying options ]

Internet Source: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a903992086

Father involvement in child care and household wor k in common-law dual-earner and single-earner Jamaican families

 AbstractThis paper uses retrospective child care data from the NLSY79 to examine the patterns and determinants of paternal childcare during a child's first three years of life. We focus on two-parent families with children whose mothers wor ked sometimebetween the child's birth date and the child's third birthday. We find that father care is a fairly stable form of care; the averagenumber of months that father care is used during a year is similar to the duration of other forms of child care. In addition, wefind that paternal care is often used in conjunction with other types of child care. We further find that different characteristics

predict paternal child care according to the timing and extent of care. For those fathers who are the exclusive providers of child care during the first year of a child's life, the incidence of paternal child care is associated with race or ethnicity and amother's identification with nontraditional gender roles. In contrast, for those fathers who provide some of total child careduring the first three years of a child's life, the incidence of paternal child care is more highly associated with the flexibility of amother's and father's wor k schedule.

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Author Information: Jaipaul L. Roopnarine 

Syracuse University, USA 

Janet Brown and Priscilla Snell-White University of the West Indies, USA 

Nancy Beth Riegraf University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA 

Devon Crossley Fathers Incorporated Kingston, Jamaica, USA 

Ziarat Hossain Fort Lewis College, USA 

Wayne Webb University of Indies, USA 

Available online 28 May 2002.

AbstractThe division of chile care and household labor and beliefs about the roles of mothers and fathers were examined

in 86 low-income dual-earner and single-earner Jamaican couples in common-law unions.Analysis revealed that

there was a markedly gender-differentiated pattern of involvement in child care and household tasks by parents

and that they held very traditional conceptions of the roles of mothers and fathers. Both mothers and fathers

were more likely to spend time playing with rather than feeding or cleaning their babies. Involvement in child

care did not differ as a function of the gender of the infant, but involvement in child care and household work

did vary by mother's employment status. Jamican men's participation in child care and household activities was

quite similar to what has been reported for men in other cultural groups. The data are discussed in terms of the

commonly accepted notion of the marginal role of Jamaican men in the family and in the context of gender

roles.

Internet Source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob= ArticleURL& _udi=B6W52-45XSX5R-H& _user =10& _coverDate=03%2F31%2F1995& _rdoc=1& _fmt=high& _orig=search& _sort=d& _docanchor =&view=c& _searchStrId=1381116657& _rerunOrigin=google& _acct=C000050221& _version=1& _urlVersion=0& _userid=10&md5=9c6aa08286de0e953704878c5182e187 

Paternal child care and children's development 

Author Information: Journal Journal of Population Economics 

Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelber g ISSN 0933-1433 (Print) 1432-1475 (Online)Issue Volume 18, Number 3 / September, 2005 

DOI 10.1007/s00148-004-0203-4 Pages 391-414 Sub ject CollectionBusiness and Economics 

SpringerLink DateFriday, November 18, 2005Susan L. Averett1 , Lisa A. Gennetian2 and H. Elizabeth Peters3 

(1) Department of Economics and Business, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA

(2) MDRC, New Yor k, NY 10016, USA

(3) Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

Received: 25 March 2003 Accepted: 26 Februar y 2004 

 Abstract

This paper uses the NLSY-Child data to assess the effects on cognitive and social-emotional development of father care as achild care arrangement among children in two-parent families with wor king mothers. Our results show that father care for infants is no better or worse than other types of arrangements. However, toddlers in non-paternal modes of child care (e.g.,relatives, family day care or center care) have slightly better cognitive outcomes than those whose fathers provided care.

 Although our analyses do not provide a definitive explanation for this finding, there is a substantial influx of fathers in our datawho provide child care in years 2 and 3 and these fathers appear compositionally different from fathers who provided careduring a child's infancy. In particular, there is some indication that these fathers who are newly providing care during a child'stoddler years may be temporar y care providers due to changing economic circumstances. The research was supported by NICHD grant #HD30944. Responsible editor: Deborah Cobb-Clar k.

Internet Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p63563120r 7688h5/

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Paternal involvement in childcare and unintentional injury of young children: a

 population-based cohort study in Japan

Author Information: Takeo Fujiwara1,*, Makiko Okuyama2 and Kunihiko Takahashi3 1 Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan.2 Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.3 Department of Technology Assessment and Biostatistics, National Institute of Public Health, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan.

Abstract: Background Unintentional injur y is the leading cause of death in young children. A previous study reported the protective effectof maternal parenting on young childhood injur y; however, few studies have shown an association between paternalinvolvement in childcare and young childhood injur y. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of paternalinvolvement in childcare to reduce the likelihood of childhood injur y. 

Methods A population-based birth cohort study in Japan (2001 ±02), the µLongitudinal Survey of Babies Born in 21st Centur y¶, 

was used (n = 42 144). The impact of paternal involvement in  childcare of 6-month-old infants (feeding, diaper change,bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing, taking a walk) on the incidence of young childhood injur y (fall, near -drowning,accidental ingestion or burn) until 18 months of age was analysed by multiple logistic regression. 

Results Infants who received a high degree of paternal involvement in childcare at 6 months were less likely to suffer from all 

unintentional injuries at 18 months than those who received a low degree of paternal involvement in childcare (adjusted odds

ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85±0.98). Taking the child for a walk by the father strongly prevented all unintentional injuries, and there were dose±effect relationships (Ptrend

 < 0.001). 

Conclusions Paternal involvement in childcare at 6 months of  age prevented childhood injur y at 18 months of age. Paternal 

involvement in childcare might be a useful indicator for predicting childhood injur y. 

Keywords Paternal parenting, unintentional injur y, childhood injur y, accident, child care Accepted 8 October 2009 

Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare in dual-earner families with

young children.

Author Information: Author:Kelley, Michelle L. 

Publication:Fathering 

Geographic Code:1USA 

Date:Jan 1, 2006 

Words:10746

Previous Article:A role theory perspective on patterns of separated and divorced African-American

nonresidential father involvement with children. 

Next Article:American Indian Fathering in the Dakota nation: use of Akicita as a fatherhood standard. 

Topics: Father and child 

Social aspects 

Father-child relations 

Social aspects Fatherhood 

Analysis 

Economic aspects 

Paternalism 

Analysis 

Abstract: Dual-earner parents (N = 119) of preschool children enrolled in licensed childcare centers completed anonymous

questionnaires that examined work and family variables as related to paternal PATERNAL. That which belongs tothe father or comes from him: as, paternal power, paternal relation, paternal estate, paternal line. Vide Line.

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involvement in three areas: engagement (i.e., one-on-one one-on-one 

adj . 1. Consisting of or being d irect communica tion or excha nge between two people: one-on-one instruction. 

2. Sports Playing d irectly or exclusively aga inst a single opponent. interaction with the child), responsibility (i.e., 

taking care of the child's needs), and accessibility (i.e., being available to the child without directly interacting).

Paternal responsibility was predicted by beliefs about fathering and structural variables (e.g., hours fathers and

mothers worked). The percentage of time fathers spent as their child's primary ca regiver ca re·giv·er  

n. 1. An ind ivid ua l, such a s a physicia n, nurse, or socia l wor ker, who a ssists in the id entifica tion, prevention, or trea tment of a n illness or d isability. 

2. ..... Click the link for more informa tion. was predicted by structural variables (e.g., mothers' work hours) and

belief variables (e.g., men's beliefs about fathering and fathers' parenting self -effica cy self -effica cy (self -e·fi·k). Paternal engagement and accessibility were not significantly predicted by any of the constructs examined.

Internet Source: http://www.thefreelibrar y.com/Predictors+of+paternal+involvement+in+childcare+in+dual -earner...-

a0145268876 

Paternal Involvement in Child Care as a Function of Maternal Employment in

Nuclear and Extended Families in India

Author Information: Journal Sex RolesPublisher Springer Netherlands

ISSN 0360-0025 (Print) 1573-2762 (Online)

Issue Volume 40, Numbers 9-10 / May, 1999DOI 10.1023/A:1018808718351

Pages 731-744

Subject CollectionBehavioral ScienceSpringerLink Date Tuesday, November 02, 2004

Preeti Suppal and Jaipaul L. Roopnarine Abstract

Paternal involvement in childcare as a functionof family structure and maternal employment status wasassessed in 92 dual-wage and 103 singlewage Indianfamilies with preschool-aged children residing in different areas of New Delhi, India.Mothersand fathers completed Radin''s Paternal Involvement inChild Care Index (PICCI). Data showed that parents insingle-wage families spent more time in primar ycaregiving compared with parents in dual-wage families.Fathers'' involvement scoreson the different componentsof the PICCI did not var y as a function of mother''semployment status or family structure. Dataarediscussed with respect to the rigidity of men''s roles ina historically patriarchal society.

Internet Source: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p258l3t247523523/ 

Paternal Participation in Child Care and Its Effects on Children's Self-Esteem and 

 Attitudes T oward Gendered Roles

Author Inf romation: 

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FRANCINE M. DEUTSCH Mount Holyoke College

LAURA J. SERVIS Mount Holyoke College

JESSICA D. PAYNE Mount Holyoke College

Abstarct: Interviews with forty 10- and 11-year-old children (24 boys

 and 16 girls) investigated the effects of parents'

division of child care responsibilities on children's self-esteem, their

 relationships with parents, and their

gendered ideas and preferences. Children whose fathers participated relatively more in the emotional

 side of 

parenting (e.g., comforting) showed greater preferences for "feminine" activities and had higher self-esteem

than children whose fathers were less involved. Children whose fathers performed a higher proportion of the"work" of parenting (e.g., transporting,

 planning activities, and arranging child care) endorsed a more gender-

free model of family life. The absolute amount of time fathers spent with children had no independent

significant effects. Egalitarian parenting clearly benefits children when fathers share "maternal" tasks, but even

when fathers do not fully participate in those "maternal" aspects of parenting, dividing the time 50-50 may 

benefit mothers without hurting children. 

Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1000-1024 (2001)

DOI: 10.1177/019251301022008003

Internet Source: http://jfi.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/8/1000 

BOOK:y  The Role of The Father in Child Development

http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=dLpOkMwsu-QC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=unemployed+fathers+paternal+child+care&source=bl&ots= jpabWaGDUM&sig=uHRBv2iO _PSYbC-4PD4HHzpMLOU&hl=tl&ei=ChYkTLj2ENCDnQfS16GSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCcQ6AEw Aw#v=onepage&q=unemployed%20fathers%20paternal%20child%20care&f =false 

y  Fatherhood: Research, Inventions and Policieshttp://books.google.com.ph/books?id=osfAH6vBpRgC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=unemployed+fathers+paternal+child+care&source=bl&ots=7sIA0nLx6A&sig=3cG2Nnew6Goy3PdKu8pXWhm8Cgo&hl=tl&ei=ChYkTLj2ENCDnQfS16GSDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=unemployed%20fath

ers%20paternal%20child%20care&f =false 

y  The Role of The Father: An Introduction ± 2nd Editionhttp://media.wiley.com/product _data/excerpt/14/04712316/0471231614.pdf