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Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -1Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-1
Research on Controlled Traffic Farming and
Strip Tillage in Bavaria
Markus Demmel, Robert Brandhuber
Martin Mueller, Marc Marx, Hans Kirchmeier
Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture
Workshop controlled traffic farming and Strip Tillage –
combining Precision Farming technology with
field traffic and tillage strategies
May 25th and 26th, 2011
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -2Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-2
Controlled Traffic Farming and Strip Tillage Research in Bavaria
In 2008 the Bavarian Government initiated a Research Program to
develop Strategies to react on Climate Change (all economic sectors)
→ Adaptation of agriculture to climate change
→ Adaptation of arable systems to climate change
→ Identified challenges:
Increasing frequency and intensity of torrential rain und more dry
periods change the requirements on arable systems.
The boost of infiltration, storage and drainage capabilities of the
soils becomes more and more important.
→ Possible solution:
Controlled traffic farming and strip tillage
Dr. Markus Demmel, Dr. Martin Müller, Hans Kirchmeier
Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry
Robert Brandhuber, Dr. Marc Marx
Institute for Agroecology, Organic Farming and Soil Protection
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -3Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-3
Controlled traffic farming with permanent tracks consistently separates
trafficked and non trafficked areas in the field and results in ideal conditions
for plant growth in the non trafficked area.
Strip tillage for row crops combines the positive characteristics of direct
seeding with minimum intervention into soil structure with intensive tillage in
the zone of the cultivated plants.
Fotos: Chamen, Yule, Tullnberg, Holpp, Dawn, Vyn, Rauenhorst
Controlled Traffic Farming and Strip Tillage
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -4Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-4
Principle of Controlled traffic farming
Concentration of all field traffic on
defined and permanent tracks to
create large areas within the field
without any soil stress (and
compaction) caused by farm
machinery. Discussed for 40 years,
but increased dissemination now
automatic steering is available.Fotos: Chamen, Yule
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -5Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-5
Principle of Strip Tillage
Tillage of strips in autumn or spring
with adapted equipment, eventually
combined with the application of
mineral (or organic) fertilizer, using
automatic steering systems
Planting of corn (or sugar beet, or
soybean, or oilseed rape) exactly
into the tilled strips, using automatic
steering systems
Fotos: Dawn Equipment Company
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -6Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-6
Technology for Strip Tillage – Yetter Maverick USA
coulter
row cleaner
shank / knife
sealing discs
rolling basket
parallel arms
toolbar frame
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -7Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-7
Technology for Strip Tillage – Dawn Pluribus USA
coulter
row cleaner
rear coulter left
gauge wheel + swirl
gauge wheel + swirl
parallel arms
pneumatic down pressure
rear coulter right
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -8Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-8
Strip Tillage – Dawn Pluribus USA
Foto: Dawn Equipment Company
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -9Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-9
Motivation of application of Strip Tillage in the USA
Foto: The Report Card :Strip Till Guidlines http://www.reportcard.wordpress.com
+ increased yields compared to no -till
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -10Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-10
Example corn grain yields of Strip Tillage in the USA
Source: University of Minnesota Extension, Brad Carlson
Average of 21 site years
100 Bu/A = 6.3 t/ha corn
No-till
Strip-till
in autumn
SFC (single field
cultivator ) = one time,
shallow tillage in
spring
Chisel plow = chisel
plow deep (autumn) +
seed bed prep (spring)
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -11Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-11
Aims of the investigations
• Adaptation of controlled traffic farming and strip tillage practices proved in
Australia and USA to Bavarian conditions
(Soils, rotations, mechanisation, equipment, climate, structure).
• Investigation of the effects of the systems in regard to
soil water balance, plant growth and technology.
• Deduction of extension recommendations for Bavarian agriculture.
Field experiments (Strip plots on farm fields)
• 3 locations: Adelschlag (EI), Rennertshofen (ND), Wurmannsquick (PAN).
• Controlled traffic farming with three system width / module width
(4.5 m, 5.4 m und 6 m) and five rotations.
• Strip tillage for row crops: sugar beets (2x) und maize (1x)
• Parameters: operability, yields, quality, soil water balance, labour, energy.
Project Controlled traffic farming and strip tillage in Bavaria
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -12Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-12
Project Controlled traffic farming and strip tillage in Bavaria
Adelschlag
Rennertshofen
Wurmannsquick
Gut Wittenfeld, Adelschlag /EI
clay, 430 m absolute altitude,
avg. temp. 8.0 0C,
avg. precipitation 730 mm/a
Gut Dittenfeld, Rennertshofen / ND
loam, 450 m absolute altitude,
avg. temp. 8.00C,
avg. precipitation 690 mm/a
Angerstorf, Wurmannsquick / PAN
loam, 560 m absolute altitude,
avg. temp. 9.5 0C,
avg. precipitation 850 mm/a
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -13Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-13
Controlled traffic farming Dittenfeld 6 m / 24 m combinable
Location: clay, AZ 45-65, 430 m absolute altitude, avg. temp. 8.0 0C,
avg. precipitation 730 mm/a
Rotation: oilseed rape – winter wheat – winter wheat (> 5 years without
plough)
un-wheeled little wheeled intens. wheeled63% 6% 29%
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -14Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-14
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage measurements
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -15Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-15
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage measurements
un-wheeled since 08’ 2009
wheeled since 08’ 2009
Development of soil moisture tension in spring 2011 in 60 cm depth
wheeled vs. un-wheeled soil, Dittenfeld, oilseed rape
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -16Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-16
Controlled traffic farming Wittenfeld 5.4 m / 27 m combinable
Location: loam, AZ 60, 450 m absolute altitude, avg. temp. 8.00C,
avg. precipitation 690 mm/a
Rotation: Oilseed rape – winter wheat - winter rye (> 5 years without plough)
un-wheeled little wheeled intens. wheeled27%67% 6%
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -17Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-17
Controlled traffic farming Wittenfeld 2,7 m / 27 m sugar beet
Location: loam, AZ 60, 450 m absolute altitude, avg. temp. 8.00C,
avg. precipitation 690 mm/a
Rotation: sugar beet – winter wheat - winter rye (> 5 years without plough)
un-wheeled little wheeled intens. wheeled58% 7% 35%
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -18Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -18
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage „Wittenfeld“
without - with
stubble cultivation
knife/shank1 – coulters2
2009 winter rye
2010 sugar beet
2011 winter wheat
2009 winter wheat
2010 winter rye
2011 sugar beet
1 Yetter Maverick, USA2 Dawn Pluribus, USA
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -19Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-19
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -20Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-20
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
01.10.2009 08.04.2010
09.04.2010
08.06.2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -21Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-21
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -22Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-22
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
Mulch tillage with seed
bed preparation
22.09.2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -23Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-23
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
Sugar beet harvesting 13.10.2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -24Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-24
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Wittenfeld 2009/2010
10.6 11.9
7.011.0 12.3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Herbstin Stoppel
Herbstnach Grubber
Frühjahrin Stoppel
Frühjahrnach Grubber
MulchsaatBetriebsüblich
Su
gar
co
nte
nt
[%]
yie
ld [
t/h
a]
Tillage variants
Yield parameters sugar beet harvest 2010(average of 4 plot measurements)
Ertrag
Zuckerertrag
Zuckergehalt
strip tillage with
shank /knife
(Yetter "Maverik")
strip tillage with
coulters
(Dawn "Pluribus")
severe damage done by slugs in the variants „stubble without tillage“
autumn
in stubble
autumn after
cultivator
spring
in stubble
spring after
cultivator
mulch tillage with
seed bed prep
yield
sugar yield
sugar content
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -25Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-25
Controlled traffic farming Wittenfeld 2,7 m / 27 m sugar beet
Location: loam, AZ 60, 450 m absolute altitude, avg. temp. 8.00C,
avg. precipitation 690 mm/a
Rotation: sugar beet – winter wheat - winter rye (> 5 years without plough)
Planned !
un-wheeled little wheeled intens. wheeled58% 7% 35%
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -26Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-26
Controlled traffic farming Wittenfeld 2,7 m / 27 m sugar beet
Real situation sugar beet harvest 2010
un-wheeled little wheeled intensively wheeled
harvest + transp. harvest fertilizer appl.
and spraying
tillage and seeding
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -27Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-27
Controlled traffic farming Angerstorf 4,5 m / 22,5 m maize
Location: loam, AZ 52-60, 560 m absolute altitude, avg. temp. 9.5 0C,
avg. precipitation 850 mm/a
Rotation: winter wheat - maize/oilseed rape – winter wheat – oilseed rape/
maize (>25 years without plough)
intens. wheeledlittle wheeledun-wheeled70% 3% 27%
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -28Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-28
Start of investigations summer 2009
Angerstorf 2009:
Harvest +
definition of tracks
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -29Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-29
Start of investigations summer 2009
Drilling of oilseed rape at September
1st with RTK DGPS automatic
steering
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -30Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-30
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Angerstorf 2009/2010
12.04.2010 28.04.2010
25.06.201028.04.2010
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -31Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-31
Controlled traffic farming + strip tillage Angerstorf 2009/2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
in S
pu
rd
irek
t in S
top
pel
neb
en
Sp
ur
dire
kt in
Sto
pp
el
in S
pu
rn
ac
h G
rub
be
rstric
h(H
erb
st)
ne
be
n S
pu
rn
ac
h G
rub
be
rstric
h(H
erb
st)
in S
pu
rd
irek
t in S
top
pel
neb
en
Sp
ur
dire
kt in
Sto
pp
el
in S
pu
rn
ac
h G
rub
be
rstric
h(H
erb
st)
ne
be
n S
pu
rn
ac
h G
rub
be
rstric
h(H
erb
st)
Betrie
bsü
blic
h n
ac
hG
rub
be
rstric
h
(He
rbs
t)(+
46
kg
N a
us
Harn
sto
ff)
co
rnyie
ld[t
/ha
]
variants
corn grain yield(average from 10 measurements, bar represents ±SD)
(year 2010, variety Amanatidis, 9 plants/m², beef manure 20m³/ha)
strip tillage with shank/knife
with manure in strip
(Yetter "Maverik")
10.2 t/ha 11.3 t/ha
strip tillage with coulters
with manure in strip
(Dawn "Pluribus")
9.9 t/ha 10.0 t/ha
manure +
tillage
with discs
9.9 t/ha
Ø all strip tillage variants 10.4 t/ha
in tra
ck
into
stu
bb
le
be
sid
etra
ck
into
stu
bb
le
bes
ide
trac
k
into
stu
bb
le
bes
ide
trac
k
afte
r cu
ltiva
tor
(au
tum
n)
bes
ide
trac
k
afte
r cu
ltiva
tor
(au
tum
n)
in tra
ck
afte
r cu
ltiva
tor
(au
tum
n)
in tra
ck
afte
r cu
ltiva
tor
(au
tum
n)
sta
nd
ard
afte
r
cu
ltiva
tor
(au
tum
n)
+4
6 k
g/h
a N
(ure
a)
in tra
ck
into
stu
bb
le
Wendl ILT 091Wg006 -32Demmel ILT1 11 Dm009-32
Conclusions
Rapssaat am 1.9.09 mit RTK DGPS
automatischer Lenkung
• Increasing frequency and intensity of torrential rain and more dry periods
change the requirements on arable systems.
• The boost of infiltration, storage and drainage capabilities of the soils
becomes more and more important.
• Strip tillage shows the potential to combine the positive characteristics of
no-till and intensive mulch tillage and to overcome their disadvantages.
• The incompatibility of track and row width negatively impacts strip tillage.
• The realisation of controlled traffic farming on typical German (Bavarian)
arable farms is a big organisational and technical challenge.
• The benefits of CTF reported from overseas (Australia) need to be proved
under typical German (Bavarian) conditions.
• Soil structure and soil functions change very slowly, therefore the
investigations need more time.
• The integration of root crops (sugar beet, potatoes) create additional
challenges (problems).
• Consistent strip till farming leads to controlled traffic farming.
