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Research in Biomedicine and Health – I. Day 2 Lecture Structure of the scientific paper. Research paper: S tructure is everything. I ntroduction What did I want to do ? M ethod How did I do it ? R esults What did I find ? A nd D iscussion What might it mean ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Day 2 LectureStructure of the scientific paper
Research paper: Structure is everything
Introduction What did I want to do?
Method How did I do it?
Results What did I find?
And
Discussion What might it mean?
A highly condensed version of your abstract
Irreducible number of terms needed to accurately describe the content of the paper
Indicative
Maintenance treatment of major depression in old age: randomized controlled trial
Informative
Two-year mainenance therapy with paroxetine prevents recurrent depression in old age: randomized control trial
Abstract
Classical form
Structured
AimMethodResultsConclusions
ObjectiveSettingParticipantsDesignInterventionMain outcome measuresResultsConclusions
Authors
Byline
743 autora2001: 743 authors
743 autora
743 autora
743 autora
743 autora
743 autora
2010: 2080 authors
Structure of a scientific article: Introduction
Structure of a scientific article: Methods
• Like a recipe• For informed readers this is the most important
section• Describe how subjects were selected and excluded• Don’t describe standard methods in detail - use
references• Statistics• Ethics
Structure of a scientific article: Methods
Pediat Res 1972;6:26
Blood for analysis was taken from 48 informed and consenting subjects; their age
was 6 months to 22 years.
Structure of a scientific article: Results
Figures and Tables should:
•Add information
•Save space
•Be self-explanatory
•Not be overloaded with numbersor ink
Results: Understanding numbers
Evidence-based guidelines:• Numbers should be kept to significant digits (except
where absolutely necessary).• Fractions should be given with percents; raw numbers for
small samples.• People don’t appreciate the magnitude of large numbers
(greater than a million).• Roman numerals should be avoided, except for cranial
nerves, clotting factors, and world wars.
Manipulation of images
- No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced.
- Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear adjustments must be disclosed in the figure legend.
Manipulation of images
Manipulation of images
Thanks to David Vaux, International Council for Science
Structure of a scientific article: Discussion
Introduction
Method
ResultsAnd
Discussion
Structure!!