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Research in Biomedicine and Health – I. Day 2 Seminar Types of research articles. Original research article new knowledge for the first time. Other types of articles in journals : Case report Review article Editorial material : Editorials Commentaries Viewpoints Letter to editor - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Other types of articles in journals:
Case reportReview article
Editorial material:EditorialsCommentariesViewpointsLetter to editorBook or media review
Observational studies◦Cross-sectional / prevalence◦Case-control / retrospective◦Cohort / prospective
Experimental studies◦Controlled clinical trials
Hierarchy of evidence
1. N of 1 randomized control trial 2. Systematic reviews of randomized control trials 3. Single randomized control trial 4. Systematic review of observational (cross-sectional, cohort,
or case-control) studies 5. Single observational (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control)
study 6. Physiologic studies (studies of blood pressure, cardiac
output, exercise capacity, bone density, etc) 7. Unsystematic clinical observations (case series, case report)
Cross-sectional study
Case control study
Cohort study
sadašnjostprošlost budućnost
Historical cohort study
Experimental research
Time of study group formation
Time of data collection
Past Present Future
Hierarchy of evidence http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025
Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, University of Oxford
Levels of evidence for: • Therapy / Prevention, Aetiology / Harm• Prognosis • Diagnosis • Differential diagnosis / symptom prevalence study • Economic and decision analyses