A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS

AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING,

RAJPURA, PUNJAB IN 2015

B.Sc. (N) STUDENTS

2015

Swift Institute Of Nursing

Ghaggar Sarai,Rajpura

Distt Patiala,Punjab(India)

2015

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STUDENTS IN

SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING

RAJPURA, PUNJAB IN 2015

A Research Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the degree of

B.Sc .(Nursing)

Baba Farid University of Health Sciences

Faridkot ,Punjab

2015

BY:-B.Sc.(N)STUDENTS GROUP -B

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S) Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S) Ms.Harshdeep Kaur

Ms.Hashminder Kaur Ms.Himani

Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

We, Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S), Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S), Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S), Ms.Harshdeep

Kaur,Ms.Hashminder Kaur, Ms.Himani ,Ms.Jaskiran Kaur here by declared that this

dissertation/thesis entitled, ”A descriptive study to analyze the factors affecting academic

performance of nursing students in swift institute of nursing,Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab

in 2015 is a bonafide and research work out by us under the guidance of Ms.Rachel Samuel,

Assisstant Professor, in swift institute of nursing ,Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura.

Date

Place: Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura

Signature of the candidate

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S)

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S)

Ms.Harshdeep Kaur

Ms.Hashminder Kaur

Ms.Himani

Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that Harpreet Kaur(B.S),Harpreet Kaur(C.S),Harpreet Kaur(J.S),Harshdeep

Kaur, Hashminder Kaur, Himani , Jaskiran Kaur have undertaken this research project on the

topic “A Descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students in selected college of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab in 2015.” under my

supervision and guidance and work in genuinely their own.

Date

Place: Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura

Signature of the Guide

Ms.

Rachel Samuel

Assistant Professor

Swift institute of nursing

Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura,

Punjab

ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRINCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION

This is to certified that the dissertation/thesis entitled,” A descriptive study to assess the

factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in Selected

college of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab 2015” is a bonafide research work done by

Harpreet Kaur(B.S), Harpreet Kaur(C.S), Harpreet Kaur(J.S), Harshdeep Kaur, Hashminder

Kaur, Himani , Jaskiran kaur under the guidance of Ms.Rachel Samuel, Swift Institute of

Nursing, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura.

Signature and Seal of The Principal

Dr.Surinder Jaspal

Phd,Professor

Swift Institute of Nursing

Ghaggar

Sarai,Rajpura,

Punjab

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank you waheguru ji for guiding and directing us to complete research project on

completion of the thesis, we would like to express our gratitude and thanks to all those

persons whose efforts, supports and participation helped us to bring this work in

complete shape.

Our pillar of strength has been esteemed teacher and Supervisor Assistant Professor

Ms.Rachel Samuel for her guidance, valuable suggestions, encouragement and

cooperation during this study. Our heartfelt gratitude to our Principal and Professor

Dr.Surinder Jaspal, Swift Institute of Nursing who encouraged us all along till the end

of this journey. It was her constant constructive suggestions to complete this work.

Our gratitude to them is both deep and abiding. We will forever remain indebted to

their teacher , meticulous attention, concrete suggestions and motherly counsel. This

work bears at every stage impression of their footsteps.

I wish to express our appreciation and gratitude to all panel members of this research

project Prof(Dr) Surinder Jaspal, Prof(Mrs) Renny Thomas, Prof(Mrs) Neerja shukla,

Asst.Prof Ms.Amanjot, Ms.Rachel Samuel(Assist Prof), Mr.Raghunandan(Assist

Prof), Mr.Pravin prakash(Assist Prof), Mrs.Sneha Mathew(Assist Prof), Ms.Manu

Nagra(Assist Prof), Ms. Neha(Assist Prof)

We wish to expend our sincere gratitude to the nursing students who participated in

our research project as subjects, without whose cooperation we could not had

undertaken and successfully completed this study. We also wish thanks to library staff

of swift institute of nursing for their immense help and assistance. We also thanks to

incharge of computer laboratory for providing us enough time for using internet for

our research study.

The word of acknowledge would remain incomplete, If we don’t thank our family,

friends, classmates and seniors whose prayers are encouraging words were a sense of

enduring strength for us.Above all we thank God for his abundant blessings and

strength for the accomplishment of the research thesis.

With heartfelt THANKS……….

B.Sc.(N)Students

Group -B

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S)

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S)

Ms.Harshdeep Kaur

Ms.Hashminder Kaur

Ms.Himani

Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

ABSTRACT

In education institutions success is measured by academic performance.

Academic performance refers to how students deals with their studies and how they

cope with different tasks given to them by teachers. It is ability to study and to

remember facts and being able to communicate knowledge with other verbally or

down on a paper. There are so many factors that can affect the academic performance

of students. Therefore, a Descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic

performance of nursing students in selected college of nursing was undertaken with

the objective:1) to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing

students in selected college.2) to assess the correction of study performance of

variable i.e. age in years, gender, type of course, year of study, type of family,

accommodation, motivation to study nursing. A non experimental approach was used

for the study. Study was conducted in Swift Institute Of Nursing. 100 subjects

students were selected from classes by quota sampling technique.. verbal consent was

obtained from subject before data collection. Pilot study was conducted to compute

reliability. Data was assessed by descriptive and inferential statistics and presented

through tables and figures. The present study findings revealed the total mean score of

factors affecting the academic performance perceived by nursing students was 21.4.

the factors that affect the academic performance is parent/family with mean% 62.2(1

rank), followed by method of teaching/ learning Activities 56.6% (2nd rank), personal

56.1% (3rd rank), hostel 54.6% (4th rank), social 51.7% (5th rank) & class/college

44.9% (6th rank).

1.Introduction 1-7

Introduction 1-4

Need of the study 5-6

Statement of problem 7

Purpose of the study 7

Objectives of the study 7

Operational definitions 7

Deliminations 7

Organization of report 7

Summary 7

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8-10

3. METHODOLOGY 11-14

Introduction 11

Research approach 11

Research design 11

Research setting 12

Population 12

Sample and sampling technique 12

Development and description of tool 12

Criterion measure 13

Content validity 13

Reliability of tool 13

Pilot study 13

Method of data collection 13

Ethical consideration 14

Difficulty faced by investigator 14

Plan for data analysis 14

Summary 15

S.no. Chapter Page no.

4. ANALYSIS,INTERPRETATION &DISCUSSION 15-32

Objective of study 15

Organization of data 15

Main analysis and interpretation 16-31

Discussion 32

Summary 32

5. SUMMARY,IMPLECATION & RECOMMENDATIONS 33-35

Statement of problem 33

Purpose of study 33

Objective of study 33

Major findings 33

Conclusion 34

Limitations 34

Implication 34

Recommendations 35

Summary 35

6. REFERENCES 36-37

7. APPENDICES i -iv

Letter seeking permission from Swift Institute Of Nursing, Rajpura

Letter of expert from content validity of tool

Certificate of editor(English)

Self structured tool to assess the factors affecting the academic performance

List of statistical formulas

List of experts

LIST OF TABLES

S.no Content Page no

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics

Mean and mean% and rank order of factors affecting the academic

performance of nursing students

Frequency value of academic performance score according to age

Frequency value of factors affecting the academic performance

score according to gender

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

nursing students according to type of course

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

nursing students according to type of family

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

nursingstudents according to accommodation

Frequency value of the factors affecting academic performance of

nursing students according to motivation to study nursing

18

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

LIST OF FIGURES

Research design 1

Mean of factors affecting the academic performance 2

Figures Figures no.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

“Children need to feel good about themselves and the world around them. Loading a

child`s mind with ideas they would never have thought about is not a good idea. They

need positive information.”

In education institutions success is measured by academic performance, academic

performance refers to how they cope with their studies and how they cope with their studies

and hoe they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers. It is the

ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate knowledge verbally or

down on paper. As career competition grows the importance of students doing well in schools

has thought the attention of parents. Parents care about their child`s academic performance

because they believe academic results will provide more career choices , jobs security and

social status.1

College life can be stressful although it is undoubtedly one of the most memorable

experience in one`s life. It represents a critical development period for both late adolescents

and young adults [ chickering ,1969]. Social factors such as romantic relationship,

organizations and clubs, sports activities have been found to have effects on student`s

academic performance. These social factors affect academic performance in terms of time

demanded and the psychological state they may cause. A student may be influenced to be

involved in any of the stated variables.2

In this area of globalization and technological revolution, education is considered as a

first step for every human activity. It play a vital role in the development of human capital

and is linked with an individual`s well-being and opportunities for better living [ battle and

lewis,2002]. It ensure the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to

increase their productivity and improve their quality of life. This increase in productivity also

leads towards new sources of earning which enhance the economic growth of a country

[ saxton,2000]. The quality of factors affecting students` quality students` performance

remains at top priority for educators. It is meant for making difference locally, regionally,

national and globally. Educators, trainers and researchers have long been interested in

exploring variables effectively for quality of performance of learners. These variables are

inside and outside school that effect student`s quality of academic achievement. These factors

may be termed as student factors, family factors, school factors and peer factors [Crosnoe ,

johnson and elder,2004].The formal investigation about the role of these demographic factors

include age, gender, geographical belongingness, ethnicity, marital status, socioeconomic

status[SES], parents` education level, parental profession, language , income and religious

affiliations. These are usually discussed under the umbrella of demography [ Ballatine ,

1993]. Besides other factors, socioeconomic status is one of the most researched and debated

factor among educational professionals that the contribute towards the academic performance

of students. The most prevalent argument is that the socioeconomic status of learners affects

the quality of their academic performance. Most of the argue that the low socioeconomic

status has negative effect on the academic performance of students because the basic needs of

students remain unfulfilled and hence they do not perform better academically [ Adams,

1996]. The low socioeconomic status causes environment deficiencies which results in low

self esteem of students[US department of education,2003]. More specifically, this study aims

to identify and analyze factors that affect the quality of students` academic performance.3 Lot

of study have been conducted in the area of students achievements and these studies identified

and analyze the number of factor that affect academic performance of the students at

school ,college and even at university level, there finding identify students effort , previous

schooling , parent educational background, family income, self motivation of students, ago of

students , learning preference and entry qualification of students as important factors that

have effect on students academic performance in different settings. The utility of these lies in

the need to undertaken corrective measures that improve the academic performance of

graduate students.4

It is also confirmed in the study of Oregon State University [2003] on graduate

admission that normal measures of educational potential and academic performance such as

high school grade point average scores showed only 30% of the deviation in initial or

starting[first] year at college. It is important to not that even these studies do not agree with

the former study who explore y/that previous achievement affect the future performance of

students in studies, they confirmed that the admission scores are related to academic

performance at university level but to a very minimal extent. Mcdonald et.al [2001] also

suggested that the scores of graduated level studies still out performed any other single

measures of cognitive aptitude in predicting success at university level.5

Parent`s socio-economic condition, which includes parent`s academic and

professional qualification, revenue and occupation affiliation, is also associated with

academic gain of students. The results of many studies confirmed that academic achievement

of students is contingent upon parent`s socio economical background will perform better than

other students associated with low social economic background “Social and economical status

of students is generally determine by combining parent`s qualification, occupation status of

students is generally determine by combining parent`s qualification, occupation and income

standard”[ jeynes,2002]. Among many research study conducted on academic achievement, it

is not very surprising to observe that socio-economic status is one of the main elements

studied while predicting academic performance.6

Children learning outcome and educational performance are strongly affected by the

standard and type of educational institution in which they get education. The educational

environment of the school one attends set the parameter of the student , learning outcome.

Considine and Zappala[2002] shows that school environment and teacher expectations from

their students also have strong influence on students performance. Most of the teachers

working in poor schools or schools having run short of basic facilities often have low

performance expectations of their students and when students know that their teachers have

low performance expectations from them, hence it leads to poor performance by students.7

The academic performance of students at the University of the Best Indies According a report

from UWI`s Office of Planning and Development [2011], 10% of all undergraduate courses

offered at UWI, St. Augustine have high failure rates. High rates are costly to all stakeholders

since the throughput of the University is reduced. Much of the attrition that reduces

completion rates can be attributed to low academic performance in early pre-requisite

undergraduate courses[ Scott and Graal,2007] such as introduction to Biochemistry

[AGRI,1013], the subject of this investigation. Over a period of 3 years[2006-2008],the

failure of this course has averaged 40% which is considered to be very high. As a result of

this high failure rate, the 2010/2011academic year class size is now approaching 200 due to

failing students retaking the course. Class size is one of the factors that impact upon academic

performance. A number in a have of institutions worldwide. Most of these studies focus on

the three elements that intervene, that is, parents[family causal factors],teachers[academic

casual factors], and students[ personal casual factors].8

The purpose of this exploratory study was, therefore , to identify and analyse the

factors that influence academic performance in AGRI 1013. The study sought to define

relationship between selected student factors[demographic information, learning style,

admission criteria, and high school achievements] and academic performance[ measured in

terms of the total of two coursework grades] in AGRI 1013 course in the 2010/2011 academic

year. A formal study of this nature contributes towards unraveling those significant

determinants of students` performance that need to be addressed. The findings of this study

may also be applicable to related courses [those that require the application of chemistry and

Biology knowledge] with high failure rates.9

In an article titled “ The Hi-Pressure Generation” published in the Femina, 8

september 1994, Seshadri, a psychiatric, reports. “Parents who are not achievers, or the ones

who could not realise a few of their dreams for lack of opportunity are more prone to putting

unrealistic pressure on their children.”10

The children`s activities other than their studies like leisure-time activities[ including

television viewing], hobbies, and other extra-curricular activities also tend to become

structured, which means, scheduled and regulated by a lot of control , evaluation and pressure

by the parents. The children`s lives tend to run like clock-work , particularly if both the

parents arc. Working and the children to do get freedom to do things independently. Thus,

today`s children tend to be ‘programmed’ by adults. Such a treatment from key figures like

parents can lower the perceived autonomy and perceived competence of the children, which

are very important motivational resources for increasing academic performance of children,

especially the adolescent.11

Thus this study is conducted to find out the factors that affect the academic

performance of nursing students.

Need of study

In 2006,Syed tahir hijazi ans S.M.M Raza Naqvi published a study about factors impacting

the academic performance. The result of the study found that the more time the students

spents attending classess . The better their college performance.12

A study concluded that socialization that encompass the college experience may

inadvertently affect academic performance. Boyfriends and Girlfriends, parties and road

trips , all have a way of affecting grades, learning and class attendance. Some times affect

can be positive, but more often than not , the affects of social pressure negatively affects

academic performance.13

In equality of educational opportunity (2006), prepared for the united states

department of education, coleman found that family famotors such as household composition

, socioeconomic status and parents level of education were stronger predictor of

students`educational attenments than were direct school –related factors.14

Health both physical and mental wellbeing has obvious link to students prospects for

doing well in schools. Children who are physical ill fails to attend school regularly and when

they do attend they are often unable to focus on their school work. Children with untreated

mental health problems experience arrange of school related difficulties from acting out

behavior in the class room to an inability to make friends and develop collegial attachment.15

Research suggests that participation in various kinds of youth organization contributes to

better behavior in school, improved social skill more self confidence and higher academic

expectation.16

As many as 76% of youth in united states are working have worked in paid

employments by age 16. Researches differ regarding the impact of work on adolsencents

academic performance some studies conclude that work provide students with useful skill and

attributes, among them instilling a since of responsibility and heighting students sence of self

afficacy and that these have a positive affect on academic performance.17

A study conducted by university of Kentucky was to determine if the collage success

can be improved with the students attitude inventory (SAI) 2005. The inventory was

developed in Britain and contains 47 items which attempts to indentifies the students in

higher education on basis of 1 Motivation 2. Study methods,.3. examination technique,.4. lack

of distraction towards academic performance. Students in 6 Kentucky community colleges

were asked to express their attitude towards study habits in the student attitude inventory.

Their were 996 students in sample population(413 males and 583 females). A measure of

ability( composit American college test score) and academic performance were obtained for

each students sampled. A students attitude inventory did contribute a statistically significance

amount of variance beyond an ability measures for males and females.18

Frank pogue(2000),did a research project to determine why students fails what he

found to be true in this study habits surely was that more than 30 years ago still things true

today-students fails because they do not know how to study. the best advice he can give is to

develop sound study skills.19

Reading is an attempt to absorb the thought of author and know what the author is

conveying (Leedy, 1956). Studying is the interpretation of reading material .study habits and

skill are particularly important for college students , whose needs include time management,

note taking , internet skills ,the elimination of distraction and assigning a high priority to

study.20

According to study conducted in Iindiua in Banglore, by the national institute of

mental health and neuro sciences in 2007, among adolescents reported that 122,637 people

ended their lives due to fear of failure, growing competition among peers.21

Moula.J.M 2010 conducted study on the relationship between academic achievement

motivation and home environment among students. A significant positive relationship was

found between a six of the home environment factors, that is father and mother’s occupation,

father’s and mother’s education , family size and academic achievement motivation.22

Since, there is a significant to find out the factors affecting the academic performance

of students .Hence, researchers have selected this present research topic . the researcher

experience gave insight that factors affecting academic performance can decrease

performance of students in exams. So it raise the curiosity of researcher to do research on the

factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students.

Problem statement

A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students in selected colleges of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab.

Objective

To asses the factors that affects the academic performance of nursing students in swift

college.

To asses the relationship of academic performance of variable i.e. age in years,

Gender, Type of course, Study of year, Type of family, Residence, Family monthly income,

Education of mother, Education of father, Occupation of father, Occupation of mother,

Motivation to study nursing.

Operational definitions

Academic performance:- It is the outcome of education – the extent to which a

student , teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.

Nursing students:- students in program leading to certification in form of nursing

usually applied to student in registered nurse or practical nurse program.

Delimitations

Only nursing students of Swift Institute of nursing are included

Subjects available during period of study

Organization of report

This study is reported in five chapters. The chapter-1 deals with introduction, need and

objectives of study. Chapter-2 deals with the review of literature, Chapter-3 deals with the

methodology adopted to conducted the study, Chapter-4 deals with the analysis and

interpretation of data, discussion of findings. Chapter-5 consist of summary, conclusion,

limitation, implication and recommendation of the study. The report is concluded with

selected references and appendices.

Summary:

This chapter included the topic, specifies the need for study and its purpose and lay down

objectives, operational definitions, delimitation of study, organization of report.

RESEARCH APPORACH DESIGN

Input process product

.student’s personal characterstics

.cultural family status

.teachers’s personal characterstics

.teacher labour conditions

.initial teacher training and experience

college

.existance of agreed upon goals

.college climate

.teacher teamwork

.environment of teachers

.principal characteristics

.style of leadership

.family participation

.student participation

.management and use of facilities and resources

.the college of learning organization

Classroom

.in service training

.teacher satisfaction

.teacher’s attitude

.classroom climate.

.class participation

.teaching methodology

.teachimg management

Review of literature

Review of literature is a key step in research process and plays an important role in the

development of a research project in order to develop a deeper insight in to a problem area.

Robbins (1980) argued that organizations were increasingly describe as absorber,

processor and generations and that the organizational system could be envisioned and makeup

of several interdependent factors. Systems advocates, according to Robbins (1980) have

recognized that a change in any factor with in the organization has an impact on all other

organizational or subsystem components. Thus the inputs, the processors and generations

should function well in order to achieve the desired outcome.23

Welberg 1981, theory of educational productivity determined three groups of nine

factors based on affective , cognitive and behavioral skills for optimization of learning that

affect the quality of academic performance: aptitude(ability, development and motivation);

instruction (amount and quality); environment (home, classroom peers and television).24

According to Koontz and Weirich (1988) the researcher adapted the systems theory

input output model advanced by Ludwing Von Bertalanffy the early 1950s. this theory,

postulates that an organized enterprise does not exist in the vacuum but is dependent on its

external environment thus the enterprise receive inputs, transforms them and exports the

output to the environment. In this study the university admits students (inputs) and then

transforms them through teaching and learning which is reflected by the student’s academic

performance (output).25

Romer 1993 is one of the first few Authors to explore the relationship between

student attendance and exam performance. A number of factors contribute to declining class

attendance around the world last 15 years. The major reason given by the students for non

attendance include assessment pressure, poor delivery or lectures, timing of lectures, and

work commitments. In recent time the students found a need to seek employment while

studying on a part time basis due to financial constraints. The number of part time and the

mature students has also risen sharply the use of information technology also means that

information that use to be obtain from sitting.26

According to Graetz 1995, one’s educational success depends very strongly on social

economic status of the parents. Cosidine and Zappala(2002) argue that families where the

parents are advantaged socially, educationally and economically foster a high level of

achievement in their children.27

Devadoss and Foltz, et al 1996 Research on this subject seems Tom provided consensus that

students who miss class perform poorly compared to those who attend classes based on these

findings a number of stack holders have called for mandatory class attendance. Although the

existing evidence points to a strong correlation between attendance and academic

performance, none of the studies cited above demonstrate a casual effect.28

Saleemi (1997) in agreements with Robbin(1980) argued that all system must work in

harmony in order to achieve the overall goals. According to the input output model, it has

assumed that the students with high admission points, high social economic background and

school background will perform well if the university facilities are good, the lectures and the

management of university is good which may not always be the case and this is the short

coming of this theory.29

Mark crilly(2000), successful students are able to balance social activities with good study

habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help prevents from becoming

fatigued. He said that students should make sure that he must take a break for an hour after

studying to meet with friends, to play some cards, work at the gym or to gab with a new

acquaintance. For this way that students will find concentration when he do study, if he

planned a social activities after words. He said “to develop healthy social life, develop routine

study habits”. He said the students should make sure that he/she have good study

environment, a good desk, a study chair, a good light, comfortable room temperature and

quite atmosphere that mean he/she should eliminate all external and internal distraction,

secondly get a good over view of the assignments before starting the work, he said that start

with most difficult subject first and easiest at last.30

Haist , Wilson, Elam, Blue and Fossan,2000 research has shown that men perform better

than women in certain setting while women out perform men in other settings on the other

hand, found no evidence of academic performance be influenced by gender.31

Conidine and Zappala 2002 SES is a person’s overall social positions to which

attainments in the both social and economic domain contributes. They add that social

economic status is determined by an individual achievements in, education , employment,

occupational status and income. In this study social economic status was characterized by

family income, parental education and parental occupation.32

Rodgers & Rodgers, 2003 the inability of these cross-sectional studies to isolate

attendance from myriad of confounding students characteristics (e.g. levels of motivation ,

intelligence, prior learning and time management skills) is major limiting factors to the utility

of these findings.33

Sentamu 2003, Kwesiga(2002) and portes and Macleod (1996) as cited in considine

and Zappala (2002) all argue that the type of school a child attends influences the

achievements. According the Minnesota measures (2007), a report on higher education

performance, which was produced by the university of Minnesita, the most reliable predictor

of student success in college is the academic preparation of students in high school.34

Eitle 2005 the relationship between gender and the academic achievements of

students has been discussed for decades a gap between the achievements of boys and girls has

been found, with girls showing better performance than boys in certain instences (chambers

and Schreiber 2004), gender, ethnicity and father’s occupation are significant contributors to

students achievements.35

Waters and marzano, 2006 there is a range of factors that affect on the quality of

performance of students a series of variable are to be considered when to identify the

affecting factors towards the quality of academic success. Identifying the most contributing

variable in quality of academic performance is very complex and challenging job. The student

in public schools belongs to a variety of backgrounds depending upon their demography. The

diversity is much vast and complex as ever in Pakistani culture. Keeping in view all this

discussions, researchers conducted this study to examine the effect of different factors on the

student quality of academic achievements at the secondary school level in the metropolitan

city of Pakistan.36

Priti A, Chaavan B.S 2009 conducted a cross-sectional study on stress and suicidal

ideas in adolescents students in Chandigarh. The study consisted of total of 1729(84.8%)

students reported no suicidal ideation and 8(0.39%) reported suicidal attempts the study

highlighted the fact that relationship with peers and parents were significant determined of

psychological health.37

Tsinidou, Gerogiann & Fitisillis,2010 educational services are often not tangible

and are difficult to measure because they result in the form of transformation knowledge, life

and behavior modifications of learners so there is commonly agreed upon definition of quality

that is applied to education field. The environment and the personal characteristics of learners

play an important role in their academic success. The school personal, members of the

families and community provide help and support to student for the quality of their academic

performance. This social assistance has a crucial role for the accomplishment of performance

goals of students at school( Goddard,2003). Besides the social structure, parents’ involvement

in their child’s education increases the rate of academic success of their child.38

METHODOLOGY

The methodology of research organizes all components of the study in a way that is most

likely to lead a valid answer to the problems that have been proposed. This chapter deals with

the description of different steps which are undertaken for collecting and organizing data for

investigation. It includes the following:

Research approach

Research design

Research setting

Population

Sample and sampling technique

Development and description

Criterion measures

Content validity

Realiability of tool

Pilot study

Data collection

Ethical consideration

Difficulity faced by the investigator

Plan for data analysis

Summary

Research approach

A descriptive approach was considered to be appropriate in the view of nature of problem and

to accomplish the objectives of the study.

Research design

Non experimental research design was utilized for collection and analysis of data. In this

design affect of independent and dependent variables is observed.

Variables

(a) Independent variables

The independent variable in the study is factor affecting the academic performance. The variable of the study will be age, gender, type of course, study of year, family monthly income, education of mother, education of father, occupation of father, occupation of mother.

(b) Dependent variable

Factor affecting the academic performance.

Research setting The present study was conducted in Swift Institute of nursing, Ghaggar sarai, Rajpura, Punjab. It is co-educational college affiliated by BFUHS. College having different courses i.e. G.N.M, B.sc, M.sc in medical surgical, community health nursing, child health nursing, gynecology.

Population In the present study, population consist of nursing students studying in Swift institute of nursing, Ghaggar sarai, Rajpura, Punjab.

Sample and sample technique The sample of the study consist of 100 nursing students, studying in Swift institute of nursing were selected by

Inclusion criterion Age between 17-25 years. Student studying in nursing college. Both boys and girls were chosen for study sample.

Exclusion criterion Students who were absent during period of study

Developmental and description tool

Tool is divided in 2 partsPart -1 Sample characteristicsPart-2 Self structured tool for assess the factors affecting the academic performance

Part-1 sample characteristics: it consist personal information i.e. age, gender, type of course , year of study, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing.

Part-2 self structured tool for assess the factors affecting the academic performance: it consist of a series of questions designed to identify the factors: individual/personal , social, method of teaching, class/college, parent/family, hostel. It consist of 40 statements in which 22 positive and 18 negative to which respondents express responses such as yes or no. for positive statement [yes(1), no(0)] and for negative statement [yes(0), no (1)]. Therefore, total scores can range from 00-40, with higher score indicating adults perceptions of factors that affect the academic performance.

Criterion measures

The criterion measurements for assessment of factors was as follows:Factors items score Personals 1-10 11Social 11-14 04Method of teaching 15-19 05Class/college 20-30 09Parent/family 31-35 07Hostel 36-40 04

Total 40 40

Content validityTo establish content validity of tool, the tool was given to experts from the field of pediatric nursing, medical surgical nursing, psychiatric nursing. The experts were requested to judge the items for relevance, clarity, appropriateness of content area. The modifications were done in the tool based on expert’s suggestions and in consultation with guide. Final tool was reframed.

Reliability of toolReliability of self structured tool was determined by applying split half reliability method and was computed by Spearman’s rank correlation co-efficient correction. The reliability of the structured questionnaire was r’=0.91.

Pilot StudyPilot study was conducted in the second week of January. 10 nursing students were taken from Adarsh institute of nursingas sample for the pilot study. Pilot study was done to ensure the realibility of the tool and feasibility of the study. Prior permission to conduct the study was taken from principal of the Adarsh institute of nursing, Patiala,Punjab. Data was collected by the investigator with the help of self structured tool. Participants were explained regarding the study and its purpose. The time taken by each subject was on an average 15-20 minutes.

Method of data collectionData collection procedure started from 23 february to 10 march 2015. The sample was 100 nursing students studying in nursing college, Rajpura, Punjab. The investigator first introduced herself to the respondent and explained the purpose of gathering the information and took verbal permission from the nursing students for filling the tool they are assured that their responses would be kept confidential and used only for the research purpose. At the end of the data collection 5-10 minutes were utilized to enhance their knowledge regarding improving the academic performance.

Ethical consideration

Permission from the principal of the Swift Institute of Nursing was taken Verbal consent from the subjects was taken Confidentiality of the information was maintained

Difficulties faced by investigator The investigator had morning and evening shift The subject had morning and evening duties in different ward as the subjectsbusy in duties and classes The investigator had wait for the class teacher as to take permission for data collection

Plan for data analysisAnalysis of data was done in accordance with the objectives laid down for the study. Data was obtained from samples of 100 nursing students of Swift Institute of Nursing, Rajpura. It was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics i.e calculating mean, mean percentage, standard deviation and ANOVA and Z test to assess the factor affecting the academic performance of nursing students. The level of significance chose was p<0.05.

Summary:This chapters deals with the description of research approach, research design, research setting, population, sample and sample technique, development and description of tool, criterion measures, content validity, reliability of the tool, pilot study, difficulity faced by the investigator, ethical consideration, data collection and plan for data analysis.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis and interpretation of data was done in accordance with objectives lay down for the study. The data has been analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic and the result of study were shown in form of tables and figures.

Objectives of study

To analyze the factors that affect the academic performance of nursing students in selected college. To analyze the relationship of academic performance of variables i.e age in years, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to nursing study

Organization of data for analysis:

The analysis of data was organized according to the objectives and presented under the following sections:

SectionI:Demographic characterstics of sample

SectionII:Finding related to assess the factors affecting the academic performance.

SectionIII:Finding related to assess the relationship of academic performance of selected variables such as age, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing.

SAMPLE CHARACTERSITICS TABLE 1FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE CHARACTERSTICS

N=100

Age(in years)17-20 47 47% 21-24 50 50%Above 25 03 03%

GenderFemale 92 92%Male 8 8%

Type of courseB.Sc.nursing 60 60%GNM 20 20%Post B.Sc 20 20%

Type of familyNuclear 67 67%Joint 33 33%Extended 00 00%

AccommodationHostel 51 51% Paying guest 04 04% Living at home 37 37%Rented accommodation 08 08%

Motivation to study nursingOwn choice 26 26%Parental pressure 20 20%Peer pressure 00 00%Overseas job opportunity 44 44%Job security 10 10%

Table 1 presents frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by sample

characterstics- Age, Gender, Type of course, Type of family, Accommodation and Motivation

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES n n%

to study nursing. The data shows that according to age category 47% of subjects were in age

group of 17-20 , 50% of subjects were in age group 21-24 and 3% were in age group of above

25. According to gender 92% were female and 8% were male. According to type of course

60% of subjects were in B.Sc, 20% were in GNM and 20% were in post B.Sc. 67% of the

subjects belongs to nuclear family and 33% belongs to joint family. According to

accommodation 51% of subjects lives in hostel, 4% live as paying guest and 37% of subjects

live at home and 8% lives on rented accomodation. According to motivation of study to

nursing , 26% of subjects study nursing for their own choice, 20% of subjects have parental

pressure for study nursing, 44% study for overseas job opportunity and 10% for job security.

Hence, it is concluded that majority of subjects are females from age group 17-20, had B.Sc

course and belong to nuclear family, 51% of subjects have hostel accommodation and most of

the subjects have motivation of study nursing for overseas job opportunity.

Objective:1 To assess the factors affecting performance of nursing students in

Swift Institute of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab.

Table 2: Mean, Mean %, SD and rank order of factor affecting the academic performance of

nursing students.

Personal 10 5.61 56.1 III

Social 04 2.05 51.7 V

Method of teaching/ 05 2.82 56.6 II

and learning activities

Class/college 11 4.92 44.9 VI

Parent/family 05 3.11 62.2 I

Hostel 05 2.73 54.6 IV

Total 40 21.24

Maximum score:40

Minimum score:00

Table(2) depicts that total mean score of the factors affecting the academic performance

perceived by nursing students was 21.24.the factor that affect the academic performance is

parent/family with mean %62.2(1st rank),followed by method of teaching 56.6%(2nd

rank),personal 56.1%(3rd rank),hostel 54.6%(4th rank),social 51.7%(5th rank),class/college

54.6%(6thrank).

Hence it can be concluded that nursing students had perceived these factors that affect the

academic performance.

Factors Score Mean Mean% Rank

perso

nal

socia

l

method

of te

achi

ng

class/

colle

ge

paren

t/fam

ilyho

stel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7056.1

51.756.6

44.9

62.2

54.6

Factors affecting academic performance

perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stu

dent

s

Fig 1. Mean of factors affecting academic performance

Objective:2 To assess the relationship of study performance with variables i.e

age, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation of study

to nursing

Table:3- frequency and percentage distribution of factor age.

N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

Age in years n n%

17-20 47 47%

21-24 50 50%

Above 25 3 3%

Table3 predicts that subjects whose age is 21-24 had high frequency 50 followed by age

group 17-20 had frequency 47.

Hence, it can be concluded that the age group of 21-24 has highest frequency.

17-20 21-24 above 250

10

20

30

40

50

60

age in years

perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stud

ents

fig 2. Frequency of factor affecting the academic performance according to age

Table 4 frequency and percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic performance according to gender

N=100

Hence it can be concluded that female gender had high frequency than male gender i.e. 92%.

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

Gender n n%

male 8 8%

female 92 92%

male female0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Gender

perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stud

ents

Fig4. Frequency of factor affecting the gender

Table 5 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic performance according to type of course

N=100

Hence it is concluded that B.Sc.N had maximum frequency i.e. 60% followed by G.N.M and post basic which had 20% frequency

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

Type of course n n%

B.Sc.N 60 60%

G.N.M 20 20%

Post basic 20 20%

B.Sc.N G.N.M Post basic0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

course

perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stud

ents

Fig5. Frequency score according to type of course

Table 6. frequency and percentage distribution of factor affecting according to type of family

N=100

Hence it is clear from the above table that maximum number of students belong to nuclear family i.e. 67% followed by joint family 33%

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

Type of family n n%

Nuclear 67 67%

Joint 33 33%

Extended 00 0%

nuclear joint extended0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Type of family

perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stud

ents

Fig 6. Frequency score according to type of family

Table 7 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic performance according to accommodation

N=100

Hence it is concluded that students living in hostel had highest frequency 51% and students living as paying guest had lowest frequency 4% whereas students living at home and rented accommodation had frequency 37% and 8%.

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

accomodation n n%

hostel 51 51%

paying guest 4 4%

living at home 37 37%

rented accomodation 8 8%

hostel paying guest living at home rented acc.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Accomodation

Perc

enta

ge o

f Nur

sing

stud

ents

Fig 7 frequency score of accomodation

Table 8 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic performance according to motivation to study nursing

N=100

Hence it is concluded that maximum number of students had motivated to study nursing for overseas job opportunity 44%. 26% had motivated for own choice and 20% had parental pressure to study nursing and only 10% had motivated for job security.

Factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students

Motivation to study (N) n n%

Own choice 26 26%

Parental pressure 20 20%

Peer pressure 00 0%

Overseas job opp. 44 44%

Job security 10 10%

own choice parental pressure

peer pressure overseas job opp.

job security0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Motivation

Axis

Title

Fig 8 frequency score of motivation to study nursing

DISCUSSION

In this chapter an attempt has been made to findings of the study in accordance with the objectives of the research to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in Swift Institute of Nursing, ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura. The main purpose of study was to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students and to conclude that which factor is most affecting.

Analysis of the first objective of the study i.e. to analyze the factors that affect the academic performance of nursing students in selected college. It was assessed with the help of self structured tool. Rodgers & Rodgers 2003 et.al. the cross sectional studies to isolate attendance from a myriad of student characterstics“(e.g. levels of motivation, intelligence, prior learning and time management skills)” is a major limitating factor to the utility of these findings, it is found that there are so many factors(personal, social, method of teching, class/college, parent/family, hostel) that affect the academic performance of the nursing students.

Analysis of the second objective of the study i.e. to analyze the correction of study performance of variables that is age in years, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing. Findings related to relationship between variables, the females had the high frequency as compared to males that is 98% and male had frequency value only 8%. E.E ebenuwa-okoh 2010 conducted study on influence of age, financial status, gender, an academic performance on under graduate reveals that the academic performance is not affected by gender of students.

Present study finding related to subject of nuclear family had high frequency as compared to joint family i.e. 67%. The Tsinidou, Gerogiann & Fitsillis, 2010 it was found that” the school personal members of families and communities provide help and support to students for the quality of their academic performance”.

Present study finding related to subject of the accommodation students living in hostel had frequency 51% and those living at home had 37% according to the Mark Crilly 2000, a students should make sure that he/she have good study environment a good desk a study chair, good light, comfortable room temperature and quite atmosphere that mean he/she should eliminate internal and external distraction.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter deals with the brief account of study undertaken including the conclusion drawn from the findings, implication of study and recommendations of future research.

Summary

A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in selected college of nursing, Rajpura in2015. The objective of the study were to assess the factors that affect the academic performance of the nursing students in selected college, to analyze the correction of study performance of variable i.e. age in years, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing. Review of literature was carried out and collected from various sources such as internet, journals and from previous research studies.

A structured questionnaire was used to assess the academic performance of nursing students. The tool was developed under the guidance of experts from Swift Institute of Nursing Rajpura, Punjab. Content validity of tool as determine by experts opinion on the relevance of items, content validity was supported by consulting professors, lecturer and clinical instructors experts in Swift Institute of Nursing.

The data collection of the study was started from 23 february to 10 march 2015. The sample was 100 nursing students studying in nursing college, rajpura, Punjab. The written permission obtained from head of the department for conducting the study and verbal consent was taken from the subject.

Analysis and interpretation was done in accordance with objectives, statistical techniques like percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANNOVA test was used bar diagram was used to depict the findings.

Statement of problem

A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in selected colleges of nursing, rajpura, Punjab.

Purpose of the study

To assess the factors affecting the academic performance of the nursing students.

Objective of the study

To assess the factors that affect the academic performance of nursing students in selected college. To assess the co relation of academic performance of variables i.e. age in years, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing.

Major findings

Maximum number of subjects50% belongs to age group of 21-24 and minimum 3% in age category in above 25. Maximum number of subjects 92% were females and 8% were male. Maximum number of subjects 60% belongs to bsc nursing and minimum 20% from G.N.M & Post b.sc(n). Maximum number of subjects 67% belongs to nuclear family and minimum 33% were from joint families. Maximum number of subjects 51% lives in hostel and minimum 4% lives as paying guest. Maximum number of subjects 44% motivated to study nursing for overseas job opportunity and minimum 0% due to peer pressure. Total mean score of factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students was 21.24% hence, it can be concluded that nursing students had perceived the factors that affect the academic performance. Subject perceive the factors that highly affect the academic performance parent and family 62.2% followed by method of teaching activities 56.6%, personal 56.1%, hostel 54.7%, social 51.7%, class/college 44.9%.

Conclusion

The parent family factors are more affecting performance of nursing students.

Limitations

The size of sample students was only 100 nursing students hence ,it was difficult to make a broad generalization. The purposive sampling was done from a selected college which restrict the generalization of study to particular setting.

Implications

The study findings have certain very important implications for the nursing profession i.e. nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurses have expanded and extended role for promotive , preventive, curative and rehabilitative services at individual,

family and community level. Nurses act as an educator, counselor , organizer, direct care provider, leader and motivator.

Nursing education

Child health nursing curriculum for all levels of nursing students should give emphasis on mental well being of the child. It should not merely emphasis on the physical development of the child but also the psychological and mental development which is always a neglected part of the health of the child. The child may suffer with various psychological tangles if undue pressure is exerted on the child. Nursing curricula should also emphasis on the child psychology.

Nursing administration

Nursing has become a complex and highly varied practice discipline with the rapidly growing, well developed and well documented scientific human knowledge base. Nursing administration should evaluate the effectiveness of school health programs related to the promotion of physical , mental, spiritual and moral development of the children. administrative support should be provided to conduct in-service educational programs for the teachers and counseling for parents and children.

Nursing research

Findings of the study will act as a catalyst to carry out more extensive research on large population sample in different areas of community. Very few studies of this kind have been done in the Indian setting. Through publication of the research findings parental pressure that adversely affects not only the academic but also the health of the children can be reduced by the nurse researcher.

Recommendations

This study can be replicated with other classes or primary or senior secondary school children on a large sample thereby generalizing the study results. A comparative study can be conducted between selected schools in rural and urban community. An exploratory study can be conducted to explore the factors that affect academic performance of the children. This study can be concluded on the large scale.

Summary

This chapter deals with summary, major findings, limitations, implications and major recommendations based on the findings of the study.

References

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Letter seeking permission to conduct the research study

To

The principal,

Swift Institute of Nursing,

Rajpura.

Sub: permission to conduct research study.

Respected mam.

Ms. Harpreet Kaur(8), Ms. Harpreet Kaur(9), Ms. Harpreet kaur (10), Ms. Harshdeep Kaur (11), Ms. Hashminder kaur(12), Ms. Himani (13), Ms. Jaskiran Kaur(14) are B.sc nursing (Final year) students of your institution. They have selected the below mentioned topics. To conduct the research study to be Submitted to Baba Farid University of Health Science Faridkot. As partial fulfillment of Bechlor’s of Science in Nursing Degree.

Topic:- a descriptive to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in selected colleges of nursing in Rajpura.

To conduct this study, they are in need of your esteemed help and cooperation. Hence I resquest your kind self to grant permission to conduct the proposed study in your esteemed school.

Thanking you in anticipation,

Your sincerely,

Principal,

Swift Institute of nursing

Rajpura,Punjab.