Reproductive Reproductive techniques used in techniques used in Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

Por :Arturo Torres, Por :Arturo Torres, Santiago Fung y Karen Santiago Fung y Karen

RumayRumay

IntroductionIntroduction

Reproduction in protists is mostly Reproduction in protists is mostly asexual, this process is called Binary asexual, this process is called Binary Fission. A very small amount of Fission. A very small amount of Protists reproduce sexually.Protists reproduce sexually.

Protists don’t form embryos.Protists don’t form embryos.Types of sexual reproduction: Types of sexual reproduction:

Isogamy, Anisogamy, Oogamy.Isogamy, Anisogamy, Oogamy.

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Most Protists are unicellular, only a Most Protists are unicellular, only a few amount of Protists are few amount of Protists are multicellular.multicellular.

There are over 60000 known species There are over 60000 known species of protists.of protists.

Protists have been classified into 3 Protists have been classified into 3 groups: Algae, Protozoa, Slime groups: Algae, Protozoa, Slime MouldsMoulds

Protists reproduceProtists reproduce

Protista can divide to produce more Protista can divide to produce more cells.This is a kind ofd reproduction cells.This is a kind ofd reproduction that not needs sex so we call this that not needs sex so we call this kind of reproduction asexual kind of reproduction asexual reproduction.Protist use a process reproduction.Protist use a process called mitosis called mitosis (prophase,metaphase,anaphase and (prophase,metaphase,anaphase and telaphase). telaphase). In interphase, the In interphase, the genome is relicated. In prophase, the genome is relicated. In prophase, the chromosomes condense and the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. nuclear envelope breaks down.

In metaphase, the chromosomes are In metaphase, the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers and are attached to the spindle fibers and are pushed to the middle of the cell. In pushed to the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the spindle fibers pull the anaphase, the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart, the centromeres chromosomes apart, the centromeres separate, the sister chromatids are separate, the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. In pulled to opposite ends of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes are telophase, the chromosomes are resurrounded by a nuclear envelope, resurrounded by a nuclear envelope, and the chromosomes decondense. and the chromosomes decondense.

The euglenoids are unique in these The euglenoids are unique in these organisms in their cell division.organisms in their cell division. The The chromosomes remain condensed for chromosomes remain condensed for much of the cell cycle and the nuclear much of the cell cycle and the nuclear envelope never really disappearsenvelope never really disappears . . The The ciliates also have a process for ciliates also have a process for recombination of genomic information. recombination of genomic information. We might call this sexual, but it works We might call this sexual, but it works in a way that is very different from the in a way that is very different from the usual concept for sexuusual concept for sexual reproduction. al reproduction.

ProtozoaProtozoa

These protists are animal-like, especially in their nutrition. They ingest their food by phagocytosis. Some have mouth-like structures into which the prey is put while others use pseudopodia to move and to engulf prey. Typical prey include bacteria and other smaller unicellular organisms.

Animal-like Animal-like

Animal-like Protists are called Animal-like Protists are called Protozoans(unicellular and parasitic)Protozoans(unicellular and parasitic)

Digestion in Protozoans is Digestion in Protozoans is intracellular(trough diffusion)intracellular(trough diffusion)

Most reproduce trough asexual Most reproduce trough asexual reproduction (Binary Fission) and reproduction (Binary Fission) and some reproduce trough sexual some reproduce trough sexual reproduction.reproduction.

Plant-likePlant-like

Plant-like Protists have chlorophyllPlant-like Protists have chlorophyll

They are multicellular and unicellularThey are multicellular and unicellular

However, multicellular as unicellular However, multicellular as unicellular have no organs or tissues. have no organs or tissues.

Fungi-likeFungi-like

Fungi-like protists are divided into three groups: Fungi-like protists are divided into three groups: Mixomycota, Acrasiomycota, Oomycetes .Mixomycota, Acrasiomycota, Oomycetes .

As Animal-Like Protists Fungi-Like Protists’ system As Animal-Like Protists Fungi-Like Protists’ system is intracellular( trough diffusion).is intracellular( trough diffusion).

Reproduction can be asexual ( trough spores) or Reproduction can be asexual ( trough spores) or sexual (alternation of generation)sexual (alternation of generation)

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