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ABSTRACT
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SO 031 334
Wyoming Social Studies Content and Performance Standards.Wyoming State Dept. of Education, Cheyenne.1999-06-0097p.
Wyoming Department of Education, Superintendent of PublicInstruction, Hathaway Building, Second Floor, 2300 CapitolAvenue, Cheyenne, WY 82002-0050.Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090)MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.*Academic Standards; Benchmarking; Elementary SecondaryEducation; Public Schools; *Social Studies; *StateStandards; Student Educational Objectives*Wyoming
The Wyoming Social Studies Content and Performance Standardswere developed in the recognition that social studies is the integrated studyof the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Themission of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to makeinformed and reasoned decisions as citizens of a culturally diverse,democratic society in an interdependent world. Students develop a core ofknowledge and skills drawn from many academic disciplines, learn how toanalyze their own and others' opinions on important issues, and becomemotivated to participate in civic and community life as active, informedcitizens. Content and performance standards are identified for grade spansK-4, 5-8, and 9-12 with benchmarks at grades 4, 8, and 11. These socialstudies standards serve as a framework for K-12 program design in Wyoming andprovide student performance expectations to guide teachers as they designinstructional strategies. The standards do not prescribe curriculum, courses,or instructional methodology but are provided to assist schools andcommunities in developing and strengthening curriculum. The standards areorganized into seven major strands: (1) Citizenship, Government, andDemocracy; (2) Culture and Cultural Diversity; (3) Production, Distribution,and Consumption; (4) Time, Continuity, and Change; (5) People, Places, andEnvironments; (6) Social Studies Processes and Skills; and (7) Technology.(BT)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
WY
OM
ING
SO
CIA
L S
TU
DIE
SC
ON
TE
NT
AN
D P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
WY
OM
ING
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
NJu
dy C
atch
pole
, Sup
erin
tend
ent o
f Pu
blic
Ins
truc
tion
Hat
haw
ay B
uild
ing,
Sec
ond
Floo
r23
00 C
apito
l Ave
nue
Che
yenn
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Y 8
2002
-005
0P
ER
MIS
SIO
N T
O R
EP
RO
DU
CE
AN
DD
ISS
EM
INA
TE
TH
IS M
AT
ER
IAL
HA
SB
EE
N G
RA
NT
ED
BY
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
App
rove
d Ju
ne 9
, 199
9
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
nal R
esea
rch
and
Impr
ovem
ent
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
S IN
FO
RM
AT
ION
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NT
ER
(E
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ocum
ent
has
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rep
rodu
ced
asK re
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
orga
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tion
orig
inat
ing
it.
Min
or c
hang
es h
ave
been
mad
eto
impr
ove
repr
oduc
tion
qual
ity.
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy.
The
Wyo
min
g D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n do
es n
ot d
iscr
imin
ate
on th
e ba
sis
of r
ace,
col
or, n
atio
nal o
rigi
n, s
ex, a
ge, o
r di
sabi
lity
inad
mis
sion
or
acce
ss to
, or
trea
tmen
t or
empl
oym
ent i
n its
edu
catio
nal p
rogr
ams
or, a
ctiv
ities
. Inq
uiri
es c
once
rnin
g T
itle
VI,
Titl
e IX
,Se
ctio
n 50
4, a
nd th
e A
mer
ican
s w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s A
ct m
ay b
e re
ferr
ed to
the
Wyo
min
g D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n, O
ffic
e fo
r C
ivil
Rig
hts
Coo
rdin
ator
,2n
dFl
oor,
Hat
haw
ay B
uild
ing,
Che
yenn
e, W
yom
ing
8200
2-00
50 o
r (3
07)
777-
3544
, or
the
Off
ice
for
Civ
il R
ight
s, R
egio
nV
III,
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion,
Fed
eral
Bui
ldin
g, S
uite
310
, 124
4 Sp
eer
Bou
leva
rd, D
enve
r, C
O 8
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r (3
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844-
5695
or
TD
S (3
03)
844-
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. Thi
s pu
blic
atio
n w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed in
an
alte
rnat
ive
form
at u
pon
requ
est.
2
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
3
Ack
now
ledg
emen
tW
YO
MIN
G S
TA
TE
BO
AR
D O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
N
Judy
Ric
hard
s, C
hair
man
Rus
s K
ir li
n, V
ice-
Cha
irm
anJu
liann
Wilk
ins-
Hug
hes,
Tre
asur
erG
ary
Cru
mM
ark
Hig
don
Jon
Kir
kbri
deJa
y E
. Lyo
nD
onn
McC
all
Rob
ert M
cKim
Kat
e M
isse
ttB
rent
You
ng
The
Wyo
min
g St
ate
Boa
rd o
f E
duca
tion
wou
ld li
ke to
than
k al
l of
the
Wyo
min
g D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
nem
ploy
ees,
as
wel
l as
educ
ator
s,pa
rent
s,bu
sine
ss a
nd in
dust
ry r
epre
sent
ativ
es, c
omm
unity
col
lege
repr
esen
tativ
es, a
nd th
e U
nive
rsity
of
Wyo
min
g fo
r al
l the
ir h
elp
with
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
ese
stan
dard
s.
Joe
Sim
pson
, Dep
uty
Supe
rint
ende
nt o
f Pu
blic
Ins
truc
tion
Ann
ette
R. B
oh li
ng, J
.D.,
Stat
e St
anda
rds
Coo
rdin
ator
App
rove
d Ju
ne 9
, 199
9
5
Wyo
min
g So
cial
Stu
dies
Con
tent
and
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
dsSt
ate
Wri
ting
Com
mitt
ee
Bru
ce B
erst
, Nat
rona
#1
Ric
hard
Boh
ling,
Alb
any
Co.
Dep
uty
Atty
.C
arol
Bry
ant,
Uni
vers
ity o
f W
yom
ing
Dou
g C
ham
berl
ain,
Cam
pbel
l #1
Bar
bara
Cha
tton,
Uni
vers
ity o
f W
yom
ing
Lau
ra C
ielin
ski,
Nat
rona
#1
Pat C
rum
rine
, Big
Hor
n #2
Kat
hy C
unni
ngha
m, F
rem
ont #
38M
iche
lle D
avis
, Nat
rona
#1
Mau
reen
Em
rich
, Bus
ines
s R
epre
sent
ativ
eG
eral
d G
eorg
e, B
ig H
orn
#1R
osem
ary
Gra
ff, F
rem
ont #
2W
illia
m G
ribb
, Uni
vers
ity o
f W
yom
ing
Car
olyn
Hel
ling,
Alb
any
#1Ju
lie H
olga
te, S
uble
tte #
9C
hris
ty K
essl
er, J
ohns
on #
1C
arol
Kilm
er, N
iobr
ara
#1T
ed K
inne
y, G
oshe
n #1
Mat
t Kru
se, G
oshe
n #1
Jam
es L
ash,
Hot
Spr
ings
#1
Jam
es M
ader
, Joh
nson
#1
Gar
y M
cDow
ell,
Lar
amie
#1
6
Tha
d M
orga
n, L
inco
ln #
2Fe
rris
Mor
riso
n, P
latte
#1
John
Ogl
ietti
, Sub
lette
#1
Jeff
Par
rott,
Tet
on #
1R
exan
n Pa
ul, C
ampb
ell #
1D
avid
Pet
erso
n, N
iobr
ara
#1R
ick
Port
er, C
arbo
n #1
Jane
t Rad
key,
Fre
mon
t #2
Jody
Rak
ness
, Was
haki
e #1
Tim
Rus
h, U
nive
rsity
of
Wyo
min
gSa
rah
Stol
l, Fr
emon
t #38
Lar
ry S
turg
eon,
Lar
amie
#1
Mik
e St
ruik
sma,
Was
haki
e #1
Bar
bara
Sum
mer
s, D
ept.
of E
mpl
oym
ent
Jean
ne T
inni
n, J
ohns
on #
1G
ary
Tro
udt,
Nio
brar
a #1
Loi
s V
an M
ark,
Bus
ines
s R
epre
sent
ativ
eJe
ff W
agon
er, C
ampb
ell #
1K
athy
Wal
sh, A
lban
y #1
Joe
Win
kler
, Was
haki
e #1
Bet
h W
ippl
inge
r, P
ark
#1
Wyo
min
g So
cial
Stu
dies
Con
tent
and
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
dsR
egio
nal M
eetin
gs P
artic
ipan
ts
Don
ald
Am
end,
Big
Hor
n #3
Joel
Ari
co, C
onve
rse
#2K
ambe
r B
ackm
an, S
wee
twat
er #
2H
arol
d B
aile
y, F
rem
ont #
24D
avid
Bar
ri 1
1, G
oshe
n #1
Dav
e B
artle
tt, C
onve
rse
#2G
reg
Bel
l, Su
blet
te #
9M
atth
ew B
erge
r, S
uble
tte #
1L
inda
Ber
ry<
Hot
Spr
ings
#1
Rod
gers
Bro
wn,
Par
k #1
6C
hris
Bur
leso
n, W
esto
n #1
Ann
Car
ruth
, Tet
on #
1D
onal
d C
have
z, F
rem
ont #
14L
orre
nzo
Cho
uina
rd, F
rem
ont #
25M
arly
s C
isca
r, S
wee
twat
er #
2T
om C
ollin
s, C
rook
#1
Rob
ert C
ollin
s, F
rem
ont #
14T
roy
Dec
ker,
Car
bon
#2W
ayne
Den
nis,
Uin
ta #
1N
ettie
Dod
ge, B
usin
ess
Rep
rese
ntat
ive
Lin
Doy
le, B
ig H
orn
#4B
rian
Fai
rer,
Pla
tte #
2Jo
y Fr
anks
, Fre
mon
t #6
Judy
Fre
ed, S
heri
dan
#2C
arol
Fru
echt
e, U
inta
#1
Mar
k G
aine
s, C
arbo
n #2
Jean
ne G
ambl
e, U
inta
#4
Deb
bie
Gib
son,
Lar
amie
#2
Con
nie
Gle
nn, C
onve
rse
#1T
im G
onza
les,
Uin
ta #
4W
ayne
Goo
dman
, Par
k #1
Joyc
e G
ould
, Par
k #1
6Jo
y G
riev
e, F
rem
ont #
6R
ober
t Haa
ck, U
inta
#6
8
Sher
yl H
ensl
ey, F
rem
ont #
2M
icha
el H
iggi
ns, B
ig H
orn
#1Ji
m H
isso
ng, U
inta
#4
Ren
ee H
unzi
e, L
inco
ln #
1L
arry
Hut
t, Sh
erid
an #
2K
enne
th J
ense
n, B
ig H
orn
#3Sh
eila
Jer
emia
h, C
ampb
ell #
1B
onni
e Jo
hnso
n, L
inco
ln #
1D
ean
Jord
an, L
aram
ie #
2Jo
hn K
enne
dy, S
wee
twat
er #
1B
rian
Kno
x, W
esto
n #1
Mar
cine
Kvi
dahl
, She
rida
n #1
Mar
ietta
Leb
o lo
, Lin
coln
#1
Car
ol L
echn
er, B
ig H
orn
#3Jo
n L
ever
, Sw
eetw
ater
#2
Che
ryl L
owha
m, U
inta
#1
Bre
nda
Man
ion,
Par
k #6
Patty
Mar
tin, L
aram
ie #
1A
lex
McD
ouga
ll, H
ot S
prin
gs #
1M
ike
McM
anam
en, B
ig H
orn
#2G
ene
Mei
er, C
rook
#1
Gar
y M
ered
ith, S
heri
dan
#3Jo
hn M
etca
lfe,
Lin
coln
#2
Gin
ger
Mill
er, C
arbo
n #1
Shei
la M
unge
r, W
esto
n #1
Ter
esa
Nau
man
, Big
Hor
n #4
Tim
New
ton,
Pla
tte #
2M
erry
O'H
are,
She
rida
n #1
Dal
e Pa
rker
, Alb
any
#1Pa
tsy
Park
in, P
latte
#1
Don
Par
son,
Sw
eetw
ater
#2
Fran
k Pa
utz,
Wes
ton
#7K
athy
Pau
tz, W
esto
n #7
Will
iam
Ped
, Fre
mon
t #25
Dal
e Pe
ters
en, C
rook
#1
Kat
hryn
Pom
py, S
uble
tte #
9L
orna
Pou
lsen
, She
rida
n #2
Cha
rles
Pow
ell,
Lin
coln
#2
Dou
g R
igby
, Uin
ta #
1Fe
rnan
do R
oman
, Fre
mon
t #21
Mau
reen
Ryf
f, P
latte
#1
Shei
la S
chm
idt,
Frem
ont #
6G
lori
a Se
mps
is, S
wee
twat
er #
1B
arba
ra S
incl
air,
Was
haki
e #1
Dea
ne S
kinn
er, L
aram
ie #
2O
wen
St.
Cla
ir, F
rem
ont #
14B
obby
St.
John
, She
rida
n #1
Gre
g St
anfi
eld,
Uin
ta #
6H
eath
er J
ean
Stew
art,
Park
#1
Stan
Str
ike,
Par
k #6
Roy
Str
om, B
ig H
orn
#2K
ay S
turd
evan
t, W
esto
n #7
Ker
mit
Swee
ny, W
asha
kie
#2B
rend
a T
heob
ald,
Con
vers
e #1
Nel
son
Tho
mas
, Par
k #6
Geo
rgia
Tho
mas
, Car
bon
#1K
athe
rine
Von
Ost
en, F
rem
ont #
21L
il W
alk,
Uin
ta #
6K
yle
Wal
ker,
Sub
lette
#1
Dea
nna
Wal
ters
, Was
haki
e #2
Nei
l War
ing,
Con
vers
e #2
Ran
dy W
eber
, Fre
mon
t #25
Rus
s W
igga
m, C
arbo
n #2
Mar
y A
nn W
ilcox
, Sw
eetw
ater
#1
Em
ily W
illem
s, A
lban
y #1
Pam
Will
is, B
ig H
orn
#1Sc
ott W
ilson
, Fre
mon
t #1
Che
ri W
itz, T
eton
#1
WY
OM
ING
SO
CIA
L S
TU
DIE
SC
ON
TE
NT
AN
D P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
RA
TIO
NA
LE
The
Wyo
min
g So
cial
Stu
dies
Con
tent
and
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
ds r
epre
sent
the
coop
erat
ive
effo
rt o
f sc
hool
dist
rict
, uni
vers
ity, c
omm
unity
col
lege
, and
bus
ines
s pa
rtic
ipan
ts. T
he S
tate
Soc
ial S
tudi
es S
tand
ards
Com
mitt
eere
cogn
izes
that
soc
ial s
tudi
es is
the
inte
grat
ed s
tudy
of
the
soci
al s
cien
ces
and
hum
aniti
es to
pro
mot
e ci
vic
com
pete
nce.
The
mis
sion
of
soci
al s
tudi
es is
to h
elp
youn
g pe
ople
dev
elop
the
abili
ty to
mak
e in
form
ed a
ndre
ason
ed d
ecis
ions
as
citiz
ens
of a
cul
tura
lly d
iver
se, d
emoc
ratic
soc
iety
in a
n in
terd
epen
dent
wor
ld. S
tude
nts
deve
lop
a co
re o
f kn
owle
dge
and
skill
s dr
awn
from
man
y ac
adem
ic d
isci
plin
es, l
earn
how
to a
naly
ze th
eir
own
and
othe
rs' o
pini
ons
on im
port
ant i
ssue
s, a
nd b
ecom
e m
otiv
ated
to p
artic
ipat
e in
civ
ic a
nd c
omm
unity
life
as
activ
e, in
form
ed c
itize
ns. E
ffec
tive
self
-gov
ernm
ent r
equi
res
info
rmed
peo
ple
and
civi
c pa
rtic
ipat
ion.
Org
aniz
atio
n of
sta
ndar
ds
Con
tent
and
per
form
ance
sta
ndar
ds a
re id
entif
ied
for
grad
e sp
ans
K-4
, 5-8
, and
9-1
2 w
ith b
ench
mar
ks a
t gra
des
four
,ei
ght,
and
elev
en. T
hese
soc
ial s
tudi
es s
tand
ards
ser
ve a
s a
fram
ewor
k fo
r K
-12
prog
ram
des
ign
and
prov
ide
stud
ent
perf
orm
ance
exp
ecta
tions
to g
uide
teac
hers
as
they
des
ign
inst
ruct
iona
l str
ateg
ies.
The
sta
ndar
ds d
o no
t pre
scri
be c
urri
culu
m, c
ours
es, o
r in
stru
ctio
nal m
etho
dolo
gy b
ut a
re p
rovi
ded
toas
sist
sch
ools
and
com
mun
ities
in d
evel
opin
g an
d st
reng
then
ing
curr
icul
um.
Ben
chm
arks
and
per
form
ance
desc
ript
ors
are
desi
gned
to b
e de
velo
pmen
tally
app
ropr
iate
and
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e gr
ade
span
at w
hich
topi
csar
e in
trod
uced
.
The
se s
tand
ards
will
be
addr
esse
d, a
sses
sed,
and
doc
umen
ted
at g
rade
leve
ls a
nd ti
mes
det
erm
ined
by
indi
vidu
al d
istr
icts
.
Kin
derg
arte
n th
roug
h fo
urth
gra
de te
ache
rs, p
aren
ts, a
nd s
tude
nts
wor
k to
war
d th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
four
th g
rade
ben
chm
arks
. Fif
th g
rade
thro
ugh
eigh
th g
rade
wor
k to
war
d th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
eigh
th g
rade
benc
hmar
ks. N
inth
gra
de th
roug
h el
even
th g
rade
wor
k to
war
d th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
elev
enth
gra
debe
nchm
arks
. Suc
cess
at e
ach
benc
hmar
k le
vel r
equi
res
the
effo
rt a
nd c
omm
itmen
t of
all w
ho p
repa
re f
or th
atle
vel.
1110
INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARDS
The
Wyo
min
g So
cial
Stu
dies
Con
tent
and
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
ds w
ere
wri
tten
by K
-12
Wyo
min
g ed
ucat
ors
alon
g w
ith c
omm
unity
col
lege
, uni
vers
ity, a
nd b
usin
ess
repr
esen
tativ
es, f
acili
tate
d by
the
Wyo
min
g D
epar
tmen
tof
Edu
catio
n. T
he p
roce
ss b
egan
with
reg
iona
l mee
tings
whe
re th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts c
ompi
led
draf
ts u
sing
loca
ldi
stri
ct s
tand
ards
. The
sta
te c
omm
ittee
, con
sist
ing
of r
egio
nal r
epre
sent
ativ
es, u
tiliz
ed th
e re
gion
al d
ocum
ents
todr
aft t
he s
tate
sta
ndar
ds. N
atio
nal s
tand
ards
and
sev
eral
sta
tes'
sta
ndar
ds w
ere
refe
renc
ed to
est
ablis
h th
e ri
gor
of th
e W
yom
ing
Soci
al S
tudi
es C
onte
nt a
nd P
erfo
rman
ce S
tand
ards
. The
se d
ocum
ents
are
list
ed b
elow
:N
atio
nal C
ounc
il Fo
r T
he S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Cur
ricu
lum
Sta
ndar
ds F
or S
ocia
l Stu
dies
--
ISB
N 0
- 87
986-
065-
0.N
atio
nal C
ente
r Fo
r H
isto
ry I
n T
he S
choo
lsN
atio
nal S
tand
ards
for
His
tory
ISB
N 0
-963
3218
-4-6
.C
ente
r fo
r C
ivic
Edu
catio
nN
atio
nal S
tand
ards
For
Civ
ics
And
Gov
ernm
ent
ISB
N 0
-898
18-1
55-0
.A
lask
aC
onte
nt S
tand
ards
for
Ala
ska
Stud
ents
, ww
w.e
duc.
stat
e.ak
.us
Ark
ansa
sSo
cial
Stu
dies
Cur
ricu
lum
Fra
mew
ork,
ww
w.a
rked
u.k1
2.ar
.us
Cal
ifor
nia
The
Cha
lleng
e In
itiat
ive
His
tory
and
Soc
ial S
cien
ce S
tand
ards
Cal
ifor
nia
Stat
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
nC
olor
ado
Mod
el G
eogr
aphy
Sta
ndar
dsFl
orid
aSu
nshi
ne S
tate
Sta
ndar
dsw
ww
.fir
n.ed
u /d
oe /c
urri
c /p
rek1
2In
dian
aT
he S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Pro
fici
ency
Gui
deIn
dian
a D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
nM
assa
chus
etts
His
tory
& S
ocia
l Sci
ence
Cur
ricu
lum
Fra
mew
ork
ww
w.d
oe.m
ass.
edu
New
Yor
kSo
cial
Stu
dies
Res
ourc
es G
uide
ww
w.n
ysed
.gov
Tex
asT
EK
S fo
r So
cial
Stu
dies
Tex
as E
duca
tion
Age
ncy
Vir
gini
aH
isto
ry &
Soc
ial S
tudi
es S
tand
ards
of
Lea
rnin
g --
_ww
w.p
en.k
12.v
a.us
STANDARDS STRANDS
The
sta
ndar
ds h
ave
been
org
aniz
ed in
to s
even
maj
or s
tran
ds:
1. C
itize
nshi
p, G
over
nmen
t, an
d D
emoc
racy
2. C
ultu
re a
nd C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
3. P
rodu
ctio
n, D
istr
ibut
ion,
and
Con
sum
ptio
n4.
Tim
e, C
ontin
uity
, and
Cha
nge
5. P
eopl
e, P
lace
s, a
nd E
nvir
onm
ents
6. S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
kills
7. T
echn
olog
y
1213
Ter
ms
and
defi
nitio
ns
The
fol
low
ing
term
s us
ed in
this
doc
umen
t are
def
ined
bel
ow:
Con
tent
sta
ndar
dsT
hese
sta
tem
ents
def
ine
wha
t stu
dent
s ar
e ex
pect
ed to
kno
w a
nd b
e ab
le to
do
by th
e tim
eth
ey g
radu
ate.
The
y do
not
dic
tate
wha
t met
hodo
logy
or
inst
ruct
iona
l mat
eria
ls s
houl
d be
use
d, n
or h
ow th
em
ater
ial i
s de
liver
ed. M
aste
ry o
f th
e co
nten
t sta
ndar
ds is
req
uire
d fo
r gr
adua
tion.
Stu
dent
s w
ho g
radu
ate
from
aW
yom
ing
publ
ic h
igh
scho
ol in
the
year
200
4 an
d th
erea
fter
mus
t dem
onst
rate
mas
tery
of
thes
e st
anda
rds
inor
der
to e
arn
a hi
gh s
choo
l dip
lom
a.
Ben
chm
arks
The
se s
tate
men
ts s
peci
fy w
hat s
tude
nts
are
expe
cted
to k
now
and
be
able
to d
o at
the
end
of e
ach
of th
e be
nchm
ark
grad
e le
vels
. Ben
chm
arks
spe
cify
the
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
stud
ents
mus
t lea
rn in
ord
er to
mas
ter
the
cont
ent s
tand
ards
by
the
time
they
gra
duat
e.
Perf
orm
ance
sta
ndar
d de
scri
ptor
sT
hese
sta
tem
ents
des
crib
e ho
w w
ell s
tude
nts
mus
t per
form
rel
ativ
e to
the
benc
hmar
ks. T
he "
Prof
icie
nt"
leve
l is
requ
ired
in o
rder
to d
emon
stra
te m
aste
ry o
f th
e st
anda
rds.
Des
crip
tors
hel
pte
ache
rs ju
dge
whe
re s
tude
nts
are
perf
orm
ing
in r
elat
ion
to th
e be
nchm
arks
, and
ulti
mat
ely,
the
cont
ent
stan
dard
s. A
gen
eral
def
initi
on o
f th
ese
leve
ls is
pro
vide
d be
low
.
Adv
ance
dSt
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel u
se th
eir
know
ledg
e of
soc
ial s
tudi
es in
com
plex
and
abst
ract
situ
atio
ns a
nd c
an a
naly
ze, s
ynth
esiz
e, a
nd c
omm
unic
ate
info
rmat
ion
and
idea
s.
Prof
icie
ntSt
uden
ts a
t the
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel u
se c
once
pts
and
skill
s to
acq
uire
and
com
mun
icat
e in
form
atio
n an
d id
eas.
Part
ially
Pro
fici
ent
Stud
ents
at t
he p
artia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l eith
er d
o no
t use
or
inef
fect
ivel
y us
e kn
owle
dge
and
skill
s to
acq
uire
and
com
mun
icat
e in
form
atio
n an
d id
eas.
1514
A b
rief
rat
iona
le f
rom
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
for
the
Soci
al S
tudi
es is
pro
vide
d fo
r ea
ch o
f th
ese
stra
nds:
Citi
zens
hip,
Gov
ernm
ent,
and
Dem
ocra
cy:
Soci
al s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
defo
r th
e st
udy
of h
ow p
eopl
e cr
eate
and
cha
nge
stru
ctur
es o
f po
wer
, aut
hori
ty, a
nd g
over
nanc
e. L
earn
ers
in th
eea
rly
grad
es e
xplo
re th
eir
natu
ral a
nd d
evel
opin
g se
nse
of f
airn
ess
and
orde
r as
they
exp
erie
nce
rela
tions
hips
with
oth
ers.
The
y de
velo
p an
incr
easi
ngly
com
preh
ensi
ve a
war
enes
s of
rig
hts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
in s
peci
fic
cont
exts
. Dur
ing
the
mid
dle
scho
ol y
ears
, the
se r
ight
s an
d re
spon
sibi
litie
s ar
e ap
plie
d in
mor
e co
mpl
ex c
onte
xts
with
em
phas
is o
n ne
w a
pplic
atio
ns. H
igh
scho
ol s
tude
nts
deve
lop
thei
r ab
ilitie
s in
the
use
of a
bstr
act p
rinc
iple
s.T
hey
stud
y th
e va
riou
s sy
stem
s th
at h
ave
been
dev
elop
ed o
ver
the
cent
urie
s to
allo
cate
and
em
ploy
pow
er a
ndau
thor
ity in
the
gove
rnin
g pr
oces
s. A
t eve
ry le
vel,
lear
ners
sho
uld
have
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
app
ly th
eir
know
ledg
ean
d sk
ills
to a
nd p
ai-t
icip
ate
in th
e w
orki
ngs
of th
e va
riou
s le
vels
of
pow
er, a
utho
rity
, and
gov
erna
nce.
Cul
ture
and
Cul
tura
l Div
ersi
ty:
Soci
al s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
de f
or th
est
udy
of c
ultu
re a
nd c
ultu
ral d
iver
sity
. Dur
ing
the
earl
y ye
ars
of s
choo
l, th
e ex
plor
atio
n of
the
conc
epts
of
liken
esse
s an
d di
ffer
ence
s in
sch
ool s
ubje
cts
such
as
lang
uage
art
s, m
athe
mat
ics,
sci
ence
, mus
ic, a
nd a
rt m
akes
the
stud
y of
cul
ture
app
ropr
iate
. Soc
ially
, the
you
ng le
arne
r is
beg
inni
ng to
inte
ract
with
oth
er s
tude
nts,
som
e of
who
m a
re li
ke th
e st
uden
t and
som
e di
ffer
ent;
natu
rally
, he
or s
he w
ants
to k
now
mor
e ab
out o
ther
s. I
n th
em
iddl
e gr
ades
, stu
dent
s be
gin
to e
xplo
re a
nd a
sk q
uest
ions
abo
ut th
e na
ture
of
cultu
re a
nd s
peci
fic
aspe
cts
ofcu
lture
, suc
h as
lang
uage
and
bel
iefs
, and
the
infl
uenc
e of
thos
e as
pect
s on
hum
an b
ehav
ior.
As
stud
ents
prog
ress
thro
ugh
high
sch
ool,
they
can
und
erst
and
and
use
com
plex
cul
tura
l con
cept
s su
ch a
s ad
apta
tion,
assi
mila
tion,
acc
ultu
ratio
n, d
iffu
sion
, and
dis
sona
nce
draw
n fr
om a
nthr
opol
ogy,
soc
iolo
gy, a
nd o
ther
dis
cipl
ines
to e
xpla
in h
ow c
ultu
re a
nd c
ultu
ral s
yste
ms
func
tion.
Prod
uctio
n, D
istr
ibut
ion,
and
Con
sum
ptio
n:So
cial
stu
dies
pro
gram
s sh
ould
incl
ude
expe
rien
ces
that
pro
vide
for
the
stud
y of
how
peo
ple
orga
nize
for
the
prod
uctio
n, d
istr
ibut
ion,
and
con
sum
ptio
n of
goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces.
You
ng le
arne
rs b
egin
by
diff
eren
tiatin
g be
twee
n w
ants
and
nee
ds. T
hey
expl
ore
econ
omic
dec
isio
ns a
s th
eyco
mpa
re th
eir
own
econ
omic
exp
erie
nces
with
thos
e of
oth
ers
and
cons
ider
the
wid
er c
onse
quen
ces
of th
ose
deci
sion
s on
gro
ups,
com
mun
ities
, the
nat
ion,
and
bey
ond.
In
the
mid
dle
grad
es, l
earn
ers
expa
nd th
eir
know
ledg
e of
eco
nom
ic c
once
pts
and
prin
cipl
es, a
nd u
se e
cono
mic
rea
soni
ng p
roce
sses
in a
ddre
ssin
g is
sues
rela
ted
to th
e fo
ur f
unda
men
tal e
cono
mic
per
spec
tives
and
dee
per
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
key
eco
nom
ic c
once
pts
and
proc
esse
s th
roug
h sy
stem
atic
stu
dy o
f a
rang
e of
eco
nom
ic a
nd s
ocio
polit
ical
sys
tem
s, w
ith p
artic
ular
em
phas
ison
the
exam
inat
ion
of d
omes
tic a
nd g
loba
l eco
nom
ic p
olic
y op
tions
rel
ated
to m
atte
rs s
uch
as h
ealth
car
e,re
sour
ce u
se, u
nem
ploy
men
t, an
d tr
ade.
Tim
e, C
ontin
uity
, and
Cha
nge:
Soci
al s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
de f
or th
est
udy
of w
ays
hum
an b
eing
s vi
ew th
emse
lves
in a
nd o
ver
time.
Lea
rner
s in
ear
ly g
rade
s ga
in e
xper
ienc
e w
ithse
quen
cing
to e
stab
lish
a se
nse
of o
rder
and
tim
e. T
hey
enjo
y he
arin
g st
orie
s of
the
rece
nt p
ast a
s w
ell a
s of
long
1617
ago.
In
addi
tion,
they
beg
in to
rec
ogni
ze th
at in
divi
dual
s m
ay h
old
diff
eren
t vie
ws
abou
t the
pas
t and
toun
ders
tand
the
linka
ges
betw
een
hum
an d
ecis
ions
and
con
sequ
ence
s. T
hus,
the
foun
datio
n is
laid
for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f hi
stor
ical
kno
wle
dge,
ski
lls, a
nd v
alue
s. I
n th
e m
iddl
e gr
ades
, stu
dent
s, th
roug
h a
mor
e fo
rmal
stud
y of
his
tory
, con
tinue
to e
xpan
d th
eir
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
past
and
of
hist
oric
al p
ersp
ectiv
es, r
ecog
nizi
ngth
at in
terp
reta
tions
are
infl
uenc
ed b
y in
divi
dual
exp
erie
nces
, soc
ieta
l val
ues,
and
cul
tura
l tra
ditio
ns. H
igh
scho
olst
uden
ts e
ngag
e in
mor
e so
phis
ticat
ed a
naly
sis
and
reco
nstr
uctio
n of
the
past
, exa
min
ing
its r
elat
ions
hip
to th
epr
esen
t and
ext
rapo
latin
g in
to th
e fu
ture
. The
y in
tegr
ate
indi
vidu
al s
tori
es a
bout
peo
ple,
eve
nts,
and
situ
atio
ns to
form
a m
ore
holis
tic c
once
ptio
n, in
whi
ch c
ontin
uity
and
cha
nge
are
linke
d in
tim
e an
d ac
ross
cul
ture
s. S
tude
nts
also
lear
n to
dra
w o
n th
eir
know
ledg
e of
his
tory
to m
ake
info
rmed
cho
ices
and
dec
isio
ns in
the
pres
ent.
Peop
le, P
lace
s, a
nd E
nvir
onm
ents
: Soc
ial s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
de f
or th
est
udy
of p
eopl
e, p
lace
s, a
nd e
nvir
onm
ents
. In
the
earl
y gr
ades
, you
ng le
arne
rs d
raw
upo
n im
med
iate
per
sona
lex
peri
ence
s as
a b
asis
for
exp
lori
ng g
eogr
aphi
c co
ncep
ts a
nd s
kills
. The
y al
so e
xpre
ss in
tere
st in
thin
gs d
ista
ntan
d un
fam
iliar
and
hav
e co
ncer
n fo
r th
e us
e an
d ab
use
of th
e ph
ysic
al e
nvir
onm
ent.
Dur
ing
the
mid
dle
scho
olye
ars,
stu
dent
s re
late
thei
r pe
rson
al e
xper
ienc
es to
hap
peni
ngs
in o
ther
env
iron
men
tal c
onte
xts.
App
ropr
iate
expe
rien
ces
will
enc
oura
ge in
crea
sing
ly a
bstr
act t
houg
ht a
s st
uden
ts u
se d
ata
and
appl
y sk
ills
in a
naly
zing
hum
an b
ehav
ior
in r
elat
ion
to it
s ph
ysic
al a
nd c
ultu
ral e
nvir
onm
ent.
Stud
ents
in h
igh
scho
ol a
re a
ble
to a
pply
geog
raph
ic u
nder
stan
ding
acr
oss
a br
oad
rang
e of
fie
lds,
incl
udin
g th
e fi
ne a
rts,
sci
ence
s, a
nd h
uman
ities
.G
eogr
aphi
c co
ncep
ts b
ecom
e ce
ntra
l to
lear
ners
' com
preh
ensi
on o
f gl
obal
con
nect
ions
as
they
exp
and
thei
rkn
owle
dge
of d
iver
se c
ultu
res,
bot
h hi
stor
ical
and
con
tem
pora
ry. T
he im
port
ance
of
core
geo
grap
hic
them
es to
publ
ic p
olic
y is
rec
ogni
zed
and
shou
ld b
e ex
plor
ed a
s st
uden
ts a
ddre
ss is
sues
of
dom
estic
and
inte
rnat
iona
lsi
gnif
ican
ce.
Soci
al S
tudi
es P
roce
sses
and
Ski
lls:
Soci
al s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
de f
orpr
epar
atio
n an
d pr
actic
e fo
r lif
elon
g ci
tizen
ship
. Act
ive
citiz
ensh
ip in
a d
emoc
racy
req
uire
s de
velo
pmen
t of
skill
sfo
r th
inki
ng, d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing,
dra
win
g co
nclu
sion
s, d
esig
ning
pre
sent
atio
ns, a
nd p
artic
ipat
ion.
Tec
hnol
ogy:
Soc
ial s
tudi
es p
rogr
ams
shou
ld in
clud
e ex
peri
ence
s th
at p
rovi
de th
e ut
iliza
tion
of te
chno
logy
as
anin
form
atio
n re
sour
ce. I
n ou
r dy
nam
ic w
orld
, adv
ance
s in
tech
nolo
gy n
eces
sita
te th
at s
tude
nts
be e
quip
ped
with
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
to u
se te
chno
logy
in o
rder
to a
cces
s in
form
atio
n an
d so
lve
prob
lem
s.
19
18
GR
AD
E S
PAN
9-1
2
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
1. C
itize
nshi
p/ G
over
nmen
t/ D
emoc
racy
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
how
str
uctu
res
of p
ower
, aut
hori
ty, a
nd g
over
nanc
e ha
ve d
evel
oped
his
tori
cally
and
con
tinue
to e
volv
e.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 1
1PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
11
1.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
uniq
ue f
reed
oms
and
righ
ts o
f liv
ing
in a
dem
ocra
tic s
ocie
ty.
2.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in a
nd/o
r de
mon
stra
te h
ow to
par
ticip
ate
in th
elo
cal,
stat
e, n
atio
nal,
and
inte
rnat
iona
l pol
itica
l pro
cess
es.
3.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in th
ehi
stor
ical
dev
elop
men
t of
the
U.S
.C
onst
itutio
n an
d ho
w it
has
sha
ped
the
Wyo
min
g an
d U
.S.
gove
rnm
enta
l sys
tem
s.4.
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
prov
isio
ns o
f th
eW
yom
ing
Con
stitu
tion.
5.St
uden
ts c
ompa
re th
e U
.S. c
ivil
and
crim
inal
lega
l sys
tem
s.
'AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e ad
vanc
ed p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel d
escr
ibe
and
anal
yze
the
basi
c ri
ghts
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of a
dem
ocra
ticso
ciet
y,in
clud
ing
mul
tiple
exam
ples
of
how
they
have
part
icip
ated
in th
e po
litic
al p
roce
ss.
Stud
ents
com
pare
, usi
ngpr
ecis
e ex
ampl
es, t
he U
.S. c
ivil
and
crim
inal
lega
l sys
tem
s.St
uden
ts m
ake
com
plex
con
nect
ions
bet
wee
n th
e hi
stor
ical
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
e U
.S. C
onst
itutio
n an
d th
e go
vern
men
tsy
stem
s of
Wyo
min
g an
d th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. Stu
dent
s ap
ply
the
prin
cipl
es o
f th
e W
yom
ing
Con
stitu
tion
to r
eal-
life
scen
ario
s.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E1
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel d
escr
ibe
and
anal
yze
the
basi
c ri
ghts
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of a
dem
ocra
ticso
ciet
y, in
clud
ing
an e
xam
ple
of h
ow th
ey h
ave
part
icip
ated
inth
e po
litic
al p
roce
ss.
Stud
ents
com
pare
, usi
ng c
lear
exa
mpl
es,
the
U.S
. civ
il an
d cr
imin
al le
gal s
yste
ms.
Stud
ents
mak
eco
nnec
tions
bet
wee
n th
e hi
stor
ical
dev
elop
men
t of
the
U.S
.C
onst
itutio
n an
d th
e go
vern
men
t sys
tem
s of
Wyo
min
g an
d th
eU
nite
d St
ates
.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
the
basi
c pr
inci
ples
of
the
Wyo
min
g C
onst
itutio
n.
2021
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
lid
entif
y so
me
of th
e ba
sic
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s of
ade
moc
ratic
soc
iety
, inc
ludi
ng a
n ex
ampl
e of
how
they
hav
e or
plan
to p
artic
ipat
e in
the
polit
ical
pro
cess
.St
uden
ts c
ompa
re,
with
gui
danc
e, th
e U
.S.
civi
l and
cri
min
alle
gal s
yste
ms.
Stud
ents
des
crib
e, w
ith g
uida
nce,
the
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
the
hist
oric
alde
velo
pmen
t of
the
U.S
.C
onst
itutio
n an
d th
ego
vern
men
t sys
tem
s of
Wyo
min
g an
d th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
.St
uden
ts id
entif
y so
me
of th
e ba
sic
prin
cipl
es o
f th
e W
yom
ing
Con
stitu
tion.
Nat
iona
lC
ounc
il fo
r th
eSo
cial
Stu
dies
22
An
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
civ
ic id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es o
f ci
tizen
ship
is c
ritic
al to
ful
l par
ticip
atio
n in
soc
iety
and
is a
cen
tral
pur
pose
of
the
soci
al s
tudi
es. A
ll pe
ople
hav
e a
stak
e in
exa
min
ing
civi
c id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es a
cros
s tim
e an
d in
div
erse
soc
ietie
s as
wel
l as
at h
ome,
and
in d
eter
min
ing
how
to c
lose
the
gap
betw
een
pres
ent p
ract
ices
and
the
idea
ls u
pon
whi
ch o
ur d
emoc
ratic
rep
ublic
is b
ased
. Lea
rner
s co
nfro
nt s
uch
ques
tions
as:
Wha
t is
civi
c pa
rtic
ipat
ion
and
how
can
I b
e in
volv
ed?
How
has
the
mea
ning
of
citiz
ensh
ip e
volv
ed?
Wha
t is
the
bala
nce
betw
een
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s? W
hat i
s th
e ro
le o
f th
e ci
tizen
in th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
natio
n, a
nd a
s a
mem
ber
of th
e w
orld
com
mun
ity?
How
can
I m
ake
a po
sitiv
e di
ffer
ence
? In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in u
nits
or
cour
ses
deal
ing
with
his
tory
, pol
itica
l sci
ence
, cul
tura
l ant
hrop
olog
y, a
nd f
ield
s su
ch a
s gl
obal
stud
ies
and
law
-rel
ated
edu
catio
n, w
hile
als
o dr
awin
g up
on c
onte
nt f
rom
the
hum
aniti
es.
23
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D2.
CU
LT
UR
E/ C
UL
TU
RA
L D
IVE
RSI
TY
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
res
and
how
thes
e cu
lture
s ha
ve c
ontr
ibut
edan
d co
ntin
ue to
con
trib
ute
to th
e w
orld
in w
hich
they
live
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 1
1PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
11
1.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in h
ow v
ario
uscu
ltura
lin
flue
nces
impa
ctso
ciet
y.2.
Stud
ents
com
mun
icat
e ho
w p
erso
nal i
dent
ity is
sha
ped
by a
ndim
pact
s cu
lture
, gro
ups,
inst
itutio
ns, a
nd w
orld
eve
nts.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e ad
vanc
ed p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel i
dent
ify
and
dem
onst
rate
soph
istic
ated
anal
ysis
of h
owcu
ltura
lin
flue
nces
and
div
ersi
ty h
ave
infl
uenc
ed g
roup
s, in
stitu
tions
, and
wor
ld e
vent
s.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E1
1th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel i
dent
ify
and
anal
yze
how
cul
tura
lin
flue
nces
and
dive
rsity
have
infl
uenc
ed g
roup
s, in
stitu
tions
, and
wor
ld e
vent
s.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11`h
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
lid
entif
y an
d an
alyz
e, w
ith d
irec
tion,
how
cul
tura
l inf
luen
ces
and
dive
rsity
hav
e in
flue
nced
som
e gr
oups
, ins
titut
ions
, and
wor
ldev
ents
.
24
Hum
an b
eing
s cr
eate
, lea
rn, a
nd a
dapt
cul
ture
. Cul
ture
hel
ps u
s to
und
erst
and
ours
elve
s as
bot
h in
divi
dual
s an
d m
embe
rs o
fva
riou
s gr
oups
. Hum
an c
ultu
res
exhi
bit b
oth
sim
ilari
ties
and
diff
eren
ces.
We
all,
for
exam
ple,
hav
e sy
stem
s of
bel
iefs
, kno
wle
dge,
valu
es, a
nd tr
aditi
ons.
Eac
h sy
stem
als
o is
uni
que.
In
a de
moc
ratic
and
mul
ticul
tura
l soc
iety
, stu
dent
s ne
ed to
und
erst
and
mul
tiple
pers
pect
ives
that
der
ive
from
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
ral v
anta
ge p
oint
s.T
his
unde
rsta
ndin
g w
ill a
llow
them
to r
elat
e to
peo
ple
in o
urna
tion
and
thro
ugho
ut th
e w
orld
. Cul
ture
s ar
e dy
nam
ic a
nd e
ver-
chan
ging
. The
stu
dy o
f cu
lture
pre
pare
s st
uden
ts to
ask
and
answ
er q
uest
ions
suc
h as
: Wha
t are
the
com
mon
cha
ract
eris
tics
of d
iffe
rent
cul
ture
s? H
ow d
o be
lief
syst
ems,
suc
h as
rel
igio
n or
polit
ical
idea
ls o
f th
e cu
lture
, inf
luen
ce th
e ot
her
part
s of
the
cultu
re?
How
doe
s th
e cu
lture
cha
nge
to a
ccom
mod
ate
diff
eren
t ide
asan
d be
liefs
? W
hat d
oes
lang
uage
tell
us a
bout
the
cultu
re?
In s
choo
ls, t
his
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
gw
ith g
eogr
aphy
, his
tory
, and
ant
hrop
olog
y, a
s w
ell a
s m
ultic
ultu
ral t
opic
s ac
ross
the
curr
icul
um.
25
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D3.
Pro
duct
ion,
Dis
trib
utio
n, a
nd C
onsu
mpt
ion
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
eco
nom
ic p
rinc
iple
s an
d co
ncep
ts a
nd d
escr
ibe
the
infl
uenc
e of
eco
nom
ic f
acto
rs o
n so
ciet
ies.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
11
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 1
11.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
conc
epts
of e
cono
mic
s un
der
mar
ket,
com
man
d, a
nd m
ixed
sys
tem
s by
ans
wer
ing
the
follo
win
g fi
vequ
estio
ns:
a) W
hat w
ill b
e pr
oduc
ed?
b) H
ow w
ill it
be
prod
uced
?c)
Who
will
pro
duce
it?
d) W
ho w
ill c
onsu
me
it?e)
Whe
re w
ill it
be
prod
uced
?2.
Stud
ents
expl
ain
how
peo
ple
orga
nize
for
prod
uctio
n,di
stri
butio
n an
d co
nsum
ptio
n of
goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces.
3.St
uden
ts f
orm
ulat
e so
lutio
ns to
eco
nom
ic p
robl
ems,
whi
char
ise
from
the
imba
lanc
e of
wan
ts, n
eeds
and
sca
rcity
of
reso
urce
s.4.
Stud
ents
desc
ribe
fina
ncia
lan
dgo
vern
men
tal
econ
omic
inst
itutio
ns r
elat
ive
to b
anki
ng, c
redi
t, an
d re
gula
tion.
5.St
uden
tsde
scri
beth
eim
pact
sof
glob
alec
onom
icin
terd
epen
denc
e.6.
Stud
ents
inte
rpre
t and
app
ly d
ata
to e
cono
mic
situ
atio
ns a
ndpr
oble
ms.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
1 1
th g
rade
stu
dent
s at
the
adva
nced
per
form
ance
leve
l com
pare
and
anal
yze
the
mar
ket,
com
man
d, a
nd m
ixed
eco
nom
ic s
yste
ms
by a
nsw
erin
g th
e fi
ve q
uest
ions
(se
e be
nchm
arks
) an
d pr
ovid
ede
taile
d ex
plan
atio
ns o
f ho
w p
eopl
e or
gani
ze f
or th
e pr
oduc
tion,
dist
ribu
tion
and
cons
umpt
ion
of g
oods
and
ser
vice
s as
par
t of
agl
obal
eco
nom
y. S
tude
nts
iden
tify
com
plex
pro
blem
s th
at a
rise
from
the
imba
lanc
e of
wan
ts, n
eeds
and
sca
rcity
of
reso
urce
s an
dpr
ovid
e cr
eativ
e so
lutio
ns.
Stud
ents
sha
ll pr
ovid
e ex
tens
ive
evid
ence
of
thei
r un
ders
tand
ing
of b
anki
ng, c
redi
t, an
d fi
nanc
ial
regu
latio
ns.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E1
I tit
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
l com
pare
and
anal
yze
the
mar
ket,
com
man
d, a
nd m
ixed
eco
nom
ic s
yste
ms
byan
swer
ing
the
five
ques
tions
(see
benc
hmar
ks)
and
expl
aini
ng h
ow p
eopl
e or
gani
ze f
or th
e pr
oduc
tion,
dis
trib
utio
nan
d co
nsum
ptio
n of
goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces
as p
art o
f a
glob
alec
onom
y.St
uden
ts id
entif
y pr
oble
ms
that
ari
se f
rom
the
imba
lanc
e of
wan
ts, n
eeds
, and
sca
rcity
of
reso
urce
s.St
uden
tsde
mon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of b
anki
ng, c
redi
t, an
d fi
nanc
ial
regu
latio
ns.
2627
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
lid
entif
y m
arke
t, co
mm
and,
and
mix
ed e
cono
mic
sys
tem
s by
answ
erin
g th
e fi
ve q
uest
ions
(se
e be
nchm
arks
) w
ith a
ssis
tanc
e.St
uden
ts r
ecog
nize
som
e pr
oble
ms
that
ari
se f
rom
the
imba
lanc
eof
wan
ts, n
eeds
, and
sca
rcity
of
reso
urce
s. S
tude
nts
dem
onst
rate
alim
ited
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
ban
king
,cr
edit,
and
fina
ncia
lre
gula
tions
.
28
Peop
le h
ave
wan
ts th
at o
ften
exc
eed
the
limite
d re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
them
. As
a re
sult,
a v
arie
ty o
f w
ays
have
bee
n in
vent
ed to
deci
de u
pon
answ
ers
to f
our
fund
amen
tal q
uest
ions
: Wha
t is
to b
e pr
oduc
ed?
How
is p
rodu
ctio
n to
be
orga
nize
d? H
ow a
re g
oods
and
serv
ices
to b
e di
stri
bute
d?W
hat i
s th
e m
ost e
ffec
tive
allo
catio
n of
the
fact
ors
of p
rodu
ctio
n (l
and,
labo
r, c
apita
l, an
dm
anag
emen
t)?
Une
qual
dis
trib
utio
n of
res
ourc
es n
eces
sita
tes
syst
ems
of e
xcha
nge,
incl
udin
g tr
ade,
to im
prov
e th
e w
ell-
bein
g of
the
econ
omy,
whi
le th
e ro
le o
f go
vern
men
t in
econ
omic
pol
icym
akin
g va
ries
ove
r tim
e an
d fr
om p
lace
to p
lace
. Inc
reas
ingl
y,th
ese
deci
sion
s ar
e gl
obal
in s
cope
and
req
uire
sys
tem
atic
stu
dy o
f an
inte
rdep
ende
nt w
orld
eco
nom
y an
d th
e ro
le o
f te
chno
logy
inec
onom
ic d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
In
scho
ols,
this
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
g w
ith c
once
pts,
pri
ncip
les,
and
issu
es d
raw
n fr
om th
e di
scip
line
of e
cono
mic
s.
29
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
4. T
ime,
Con
tinui
ty, a
nd C
hang
eSt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e pe
ople
, eve
nts,
pro
blem
s, id
eas,
and
cul
ture
sth
at w
ere
sign
ific
ant i
n th
e hi
stor
y of
our
com
mun
ity, s
tate
, nat
ion
and
wor
ld.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
11
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 1
11.
Stud
ents
ana
lyze
the
inte
ract
ions
am
ong
lead
ers,
his
tori
cal
figu
res,
gro
ups
and
the
ordi
nary
citi
zen.
2.St
uden
ts d
iscu
ss a
nd a
naly
ze c
urre
nt e
vent
s.3.
Stud
ents
des
crib
e bo
th c
urre
nt a
nd h
isto
rica
l exa
mpl
es o
f th
ein
tera
ctio
n an
d in
terd
epen
denc
e of
sci
ence
, tec
hnol
ogy,
and
soci
ety
in a
var
iety
of
cultu
ral s
ettin
gs.
4.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in h
ow h
isto
ry, g
over
nmen
ts, c
ultu
res,
and
econ
omic
s ha
ve c
ontr
ibut
ed to
the
inte
rpre
tatio
n of
the
past
and
pres
ent,
and
assi
st in
pla
nnin
g fo
r th
e fu
ture
.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e ad
vanc
ed p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel e
ffec
tivel
ypr
ovid
e co
mpl
ex a
naly
sis
of th
e in
tera
ctio
n an
d in
terd
epen
denc
eof
sci
ence
and
tech
nolo
gy o
n hi
stor
y an
d w
orld
cul
ture
s.St
uden
ts p
rovi
de e
xten
sive
evi
denc
e of
the
impa
ct o
f ke
y pe
ople
,pl
aces
and
eve
nts
that
hav
e sh
aped
his
tory
and
con
tinue
toim
pact
toda
y's
wor
ld.
Stud
ents
ana
lyze
and
syn
thes
ize
the
impa
ct o
f cu
rren
t eve
nts
on th
e w
orld
toda
y w
ithou
t tea
cher
assi
stan
ce a
nd d
emon
stra
te th
e in
terd
epen
denc
e of
thes
e ev
ents
thro
ugho
ut h
isto
ry. S
tude
nts
use
prob
lem
-sol
ving
tech
niqu
es to
gene
rate
insi
ghtf
ul s
olut
ions
.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E11
thgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
epr
ofic
ient
perf
orm
ance
leve
lef
fect
ivel
y an
alyz
e th
ein
tera
ctio
n an
d in
terd
epen
denc
e of
scie
nce
and
tech
nolo
gy o
n hi
stor
y an
d w
orld
cul
ture
s. S
tude
nts
iden
tify
and
desc
ribe
the
impa
ct o
f ke
y pe
ople
, pla
ces,
and
even
ts th
at h
ave
shap
ed h
isto
ry a
nd c
ontin
ue to
impa
ct to
day'
sw
orld
.St
uden
ts c
ite e
xam
ples
and
com
pare
the
impa
ct o
fcu
rren
tev
ents
onth
ew
orld
and
com
preh
end
the
inte
rdep
ende
nce
of th
ese
even
ts th
roug
hout
his
tory
.St
uden
tssp
ecul
ate
abou
t pro
blem
s th
at m
ay im
pact
the
futu
re o
f th
eir
com
mun
ity, n
atio
n an
d th
e w
orld
.St
uden
ts p
rovi
de a
sol
utio
nfo
r a
pote
ntia
l pro
blem
or
devi
se a
pla
n fo
r an
eve
nt.
30
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
Ith
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
lre
cogn
ize
the
inte
ract
ion
and
inte
rdep
ende
nce
of s
cien
ce a
ndte
chno
logy
on
hist
ory
and
wor
ld c
ultu
res.
Stud
ents
cite
som
eex
ampl
es o
f cu
rren
t eve
nts
and
draw
sim
ple
conc
lusi
ons.
Stud
ents
dra
w s
impl
e co
nclu
sion
s on
the
inte
rdep
ende
nce
ofth
ese
even
tsth
roug
hout
hist
ory.
Stud
ents
mak
e so
me
conn
ectio
ns a
bout
pro
blem
s th
at m
ay im
pact
the
futu
re o
f th
eir
com
mun
ity, n
atio
n, a
nd w
orld
.H
uman
bei
ngs
seek
to u
nder
stan
d th
eir
hist
oric
al r
oots
and
to lo
cate
them
selv
es in
tim
e. S
uch
unde
rsta
ndin
g in
volv
es k
now
ing
wha
t thi
ngs
wer
e lik
e in
the
past
and
how
thin
gs c
hang
e an
d de
velo
p. K
now
ing
how
to r
ead
and
reco
nstr
uct t
he p
ast a
llow
s on
e
3332
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
5. P
eopl
e, P
lace
s, a
nd E
nvir
onm
ents
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
ps a
mon
g pe
ople
, pla
ces,
eco
nom
ies,
and
env
iron
men
ts.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
11
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 1
11.
Stud
ents
use
cha
rts,
map
s, a
nd g
raph
s to
ans
wer
geo
grap
hic
ques
tions
.2.
Stud
ents
ana
lyze
how
phy
sica
l cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e ea
rth
and
hum
an in
tera
ctio
ns w
ith th
e en
viro
nmen
t hav
e af
fect
ed th
ede
velo
pmen
t of
soci
etie
s, c
ultu
res,
and
indi
vidu
als.
3.St
uden
ts u
se m
enta
l map
s to
org
aniz
e an
d pr
oces
s in
form
atio
nab
out p
eopl
e, p
lace
s, a
nd e
nvir
onm
ents
.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
116
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel c
onst
ruct
and
use
com
plex
men
tal m
aps
and
geog
raph
ic to
ols
to o
rgan
ize
info
rmat
ion
abou
t peo
ple,
pla
ces,
and
env
iron
men
t.St
uden
tsex
plai
n w
ith s
ophi
stic
atio
n ho
w th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
geo
grap
hy a
ndci
viliz
atio
n ha
s im
pact
ed th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
soci
etie
s, c
ultu
res,
and
indi
vidu
als.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E1
1 th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
l con
stru
ct a
ndus
e m
enta
l map
s an
d ge
ogra
phic
tool
s to
org
aniz
e in
form
atio
nab
out p
eopl
e, p
lace
s, a
nd e
nvir
onm
ents
.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in a
ndan
alyz
e ho
w th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
geo
grap
hy a
nd c
ivili
zatio
n ha
sim
pact
ed th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
soci
etie
s, c
ultu
res,
and
indi
vidu
als.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
lco
nstr
uct a
nd u
se m
enta
l map
s an
d ge
ogra
phic
tool
s, w
ith te
ache
ras
sist
ance
, to
orga
nize
info
rmat
ion
abou
t peo
ple,
pla
ces,
and
envi
ronm
ents
. Stu
dent
s ex
plai
n ho
w th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
geo
grap
hyan
d ci
viliz
atio
nha
s im
pact
ed th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
soci
etie
s,cu
lture
s, a
nd in
divi
dual
s.
35
34
36
Tec
hnol
ogic
al a
dvan
ces
conn
ect s
tude
nts
at a
ll le
vels
to th
e w
orld
bey
ond
thei
r pe
rson
al lo
catio
ns. T
he s
tudy
of
peop
le, p
lace
s, a
ndhu
man
-env
iron
men
t int
erac
tions
ass
ists
lear
ners
as
they
cre
ate
thei
r sp
atia
l vie
ws
and
geog
raph
ic p
ersp
ectiv
es o
f th
e w
orld
.T
oday
's s
ocia
l, cu
ltura
l, ec
onom
ic, a
nd c
ivic
dem
ands
on
indi
vidu
als
mea
n th
at s
tude
nts
will
nee
d th
e kn
owle
dge,
ski
lls, a
ndun
ders
tand
ing
to a
sk a
nd a
nsw
er q
uest
ions
suc
h as
: Whe
re a
re th
ings
loca
ted?
Why
are
they
loca
ted
whe
re th
ey a
re?
Wha
tpa
ttern
s ar
e re
flec
ted
in th
e gr
oupi
ngs
of th
ings
? W
hat d
o w
e m
ean
by r
egio
n? H
ow d
o la
ndfo
rms
chan
ge?
Wha
t im
plic
atio
ns d
oth
ese
chan
ges
have
for
peo
ple?
Thi
s ar
ea o
f st
udy
help
s le
arne
rs m
ake
info
rmed
and
cri
tical
dec
isio
ns a
bout
the
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
hum
an b
eing
s an
d th
eir
envi
ronm
ent.
In s
choo
ls, t
his
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
g w
ith a
rea
stud
ies
and
geog
raph
y.
37
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
6. S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
kills
Stud
ents
acc
ess,
org
aniz
e, s
ynth
esiz
e, e
valu
ate,
and
inte
rpre
t inf
orm
atio
n us
ing
appr
opri
ate
reso
urce
s an
d te
chno
logy
to c
olla
bora
te,
mak
e de
cisi
ons,
sol
ve p
robl
ems,
and
rep
ort r
esul
ts in
any
of
a va
riet
y of
for
mat
s,B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 1
1PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
11
1.St
uden
ts r
ead
and
follo
w d
irec
tions
.2.
Stud
ents
wor
k in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely.
3.St
uden
ts in
terp
ret f
actu
al in
form
atio
n.4.
Stud
ents
com
mun
icat
e in
wri
tten,
ora
l and
vis
ual f
orm
s.5.
Stud
ents
use
pro
blem
-sol
ving
and
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g sk
ills
in a
vari
ety
of s
ettin
gs.
6.St
uden
ts e
xam
ine
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps.
7.St
uden
ts c
omm
unic
ate
pers
onal
conv
ictio
ns,
belie
fs,
and
feel
ings
.8.
Stud
ents
prac
tice
tech
niqu
es o
f pe
rsua
sion
,co
mpr
omis
e,de
bate
, and
neg
otia
tion.
9.St
uden
ts c
ondu
ct r
esea
rch
utili
zing
mul
tiple
res
ourc
es.
(Not
e A
dditi
onal
soc
ial s
tudi
es s
kills
are
incl
uded
in th
eva
riou
s co
nten
t are
as.)
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
11th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e ad
vanc
ed p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel r
ead
and
follo
wco
mpl
exdi
rect
ions
,w
ork
inde
pend
ently
and
coop
erat
ivel
y,co
nduc
tre
sear
chut
ilizi
ngdi
vers
em
ultip
lere
sour
ces
and
inte
rpre
t and
eva
luat
e in
form
atio
n.St
uden
tsde
mon
stra
teso
phis
ticat
ion
inex
amin
ing
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rela
tions
hips
in p
robl
em s
olvi
ng a
nd d
ecis
ion
mak
ing.
Stu
dent
spr
ovid
e ex
tens
ive
evid
ence
to d
emon
stra
te th
e te
chni
ques
of
pers
uasi
on,
com
prom
ise,
deba
te,
and
nego
tiatio
nin
com
mun
icat
ing
pers
onal
con
vict
ions
and
bel
iefs
.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E1
1 th
gra
de s
tude
nts
at th
e pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
l rea
d an
dfo
llow
dire
ctio
ns,
wor
k in
depe
nden
tlyan
dco
oper
ativ
ely,
cond
uct r
esea
rch
utili
zing
mul
tiple
res
ourc
es, a
nd in
terp
ret a
ndev
alua
te in
form
atio
n.St
uden
ts e
xam
ine
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rela
tions
hips
in p
robl
em s
olvi
ng a
nd d
ecis
ion
mak
ing.
Stu
dent
sde
mon
stra
te th
e te
chni
ques
of
pers
uasi
on, c
ompr
omis
e, d
ebat
e,an
d ne
gotia
tion
in c
omm
unic
atin
g pe
rson
al c
onvi
ctio
ns a
ndbe
liefs
.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
t1
1h
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel,
with
gui
danc
e, r
ead
and
follo
w d
irec
tions
, wor
k in
depe
nden
tlyan
d co
oper
ativ
ely,
with
teac
her
assi
stan
ce c
ondu
ct r
esea
rch
39
38
utili
zing
mul
tiple
reso
urce
s,an
din
terp
ret
and
eval
uate
info
rmat
ion.
Stud
ents
mak
e so
me
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
caus
ean
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps in
pro
blem
sol
ving
and
dec
isio
n m
akin
g.St
uden
ts a
ttem
pt to
use
app
ropr
iate
tech
niqu
es o
f pe
rsua
sion
,co
mpr
omis
e, d
ebat
e, a
nd n
egot
iatio
n in
com
mun
icat
ing
pers
onal
conv
ictio
ns a
nd b
elie
fs.
40
The
ski
lls in
soc
ial s
tudi
es in
clud
e ac
quir
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
man
ipul
atin
g da
ta, d
evel
opin
g an
d pr
esen
ting
polic
ies,
arg
umen
ts,
and
stor
ies,
con
stru
ctin
g ne
w k
now
ledg
e, a
nd p
artic
ipat
ing
in g
roup
s. T
hese
ski
ll ca
tego
ries
sho
uld
not b
e se
en a
s a
frag
men
ted
list o
f th
ings
that
stu
dent
s an
d te
ache
rs s
houl
d do
. Rat
her,
they
sho
uld
be u
sed
as a
n in
terc
onne
cted
fra
mew
ork
in w
hich
eac
hsk
ill is
dep
ende
nt u
pon
and
enri
ched
by
all o
ther
ski
lls. A
ll to
geth
er a
re n
eces
sary
for
a p
rogr
am o
f ex
celle
nce.
41
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
7. T
echn
olog
ySt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to u
se th
e ap
prop
riat
e te
chno
logy
to a
cces
s an
d pr
oces
s in
form
atio
n ap
plyi
ng a
var
iety
of
reso
urce
s to
the
stud
y of
his
tory
, geo
grap
hy, e
cono
mic
s, a
nd s
ocia
l ins
titut
ions
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 1
1PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
11
Stud
ents
use
inte
grat
ed te
chno
logi
es to
res
earc
h, p
roce
ss, a
naly
ze,
inte
rpre
t, ev
alua
te a
nd p
rese
nt in
form
atio
n in
var
ious
for
mat
s.A
DV
AN
CE
D P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E11
thgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
ead
vanc
edpe
rfor
man
cele
vel
inde
pend
ently
and
eff
ectiv
ely
use
inte
grat
ed te
chno
logi
es to
rese
arch
, pro
cess
, ana
lyze
, int
erpr
et, e
valu
ate
and
crea
tivel
ypr
esen
t, w
ith c
onfi
denc
e, in
form
atio
n in
var
ious
for
mat
s.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E11
thgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
epr
ofic
ient
perf
orm
ance
leve
lef
fect
ivel
y us
e in
tegr
ated
tech
nolo
gies
to r
esea
rch,
pro
cess
,an
alyz
e, in
terp
ret,
eval
uate
, and
pre
sent
info
rmat
ion
in v
ario
usfo
rmat
s.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
1 1
th g
rade
stu
dent
s at
a p
artia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l,w
ithdi
rect
ion
and
assi
stan
ce,
effe
ctiv
ely
use
inte
grat
edte
chno
logi
es to
res
earc
h, p
roce
ss, a
nd p
rese
nt in
form
atio
n in
vari
ous
form
ats.
4342
44
Tec
hnol
ogy
is a
s ol
d as
the
firs
t cru
de to
ol in
vent
ed b
y pr
ehis
tori
c hu
man
s, b
ut to
day'
s te
chno
logy
for
ms
the
basi
s fo
r so
me
of o
urm
ost d
iffi
cult
soci
al c
hoic
es. M
oder
n lif
e as
we
know
it w
ould
be
impo
ssib
le w
ithou
t tec
hnol
ogy
and
the
scie
nce
that
sup
port
s it.
But
tech
nolo
gy b
ring
s w
ith it
man
y qu
estio
ns: s
new
tech
nolo
gy a
lway
s be
tter
than
that
whi
ch it
will
rep
lace
? W
hat c
an w
e le
arn
from
the
past
abo
ut h
ow n
ew te
chno
logi
es r
esul
t in
broa
der
soci
al c
hang
e, s
ome
of w
hich
is u
nant
icip
ated
? H
ow c
an w
e co
pe w
ithth
e ev
er-i
ncre
asin
g pa
ce o
f ch
ange
, per
haps
eve
n w
ith th
e fe
elin
g th
at te
chno
logy
has
got
ten
out o
f co
ntro
l? H
ow c
an w
e m
anag
ete
chno
logy
so
that
the
grea
test
num
ber
of p
eopl
e be
nefi
t fro
m it
? H
ow c
an w
e pr
eser
ve o
ur f
unda
men
tal v
alue
s an
d be
liefs
in a
wor
ld th
at is
rap
idly
bec
omin
g on
e te
chno
logy
-lin
ked
villa
ge?
Thi
s th
eme
appe
ars
in u
nits
or
cour
ses
deal
ing
with
his
tory
,ge
ogra
phy,
eco
nom
ics,
and
civ
ics
and
gove
rnm
ent.
It d
raw
s up
on s
ever
al s
chol
arly
fie
lds
from
the
natu
ral a
nd p
hysi
cal s
cien
ces,
soci
al s
cien
ces,
and
the
hum
aniti
es f
or s
peci
fic
exam
ples
of
issu
es a
nd th
e kn
owle
dge
base
for
con
side
ring
res
pons
es to
the
soci
etal
issu
es r
elat
ed to
sci
ence
and
tech
nolo
gy.
45
GR
AD
E S
PA
N 5
-8
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
1. C
itize
nshi
p/ G
over
nmen
t/ D
emoc
racy
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
how
str
uctu
res
of p
ower
, aut
hori
ty, a
nd g
over
nanc
e ha
ve d
evel
oped
his
tori
cally
and
con
tinue
to e
volv
e.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 8
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 8
1.St
uden
ts id
entif
y th
e ri
ghts
, dut
ies,
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of a
U.S
. citi
zen
and
expl
ain
thei
r in
terr
elat
ions
hips
.2.
Stud
ents
des
crib
e th
e ro
le o
f go
vern
men
t at t
he f
eder
al, s
tate
,an
d lo
cal l
evel
s.3.
Stud
ents
reco
gniz
eth
epr
inci
ples
ofth
eW
yom
ing
Con
stitu
tion.
4.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
the
issu
es in
volv
edra
tific
atio
n of
the
U.S
. Con
stitu
tion.
5.St
uden
ts id
entif
y th
e th
ree
bran
ches
of
U.S
. gov
ernm
ent a
ndth
eir
lead
ersh
ip p
ositi
ons.
6.St
uden
ts r
ecog
nize
and
app
ly b
asic
pri
ncip
les
of th
e U
.S.
Con
stitu
tion,
Bill
of
Rig
hts,
and
oth
er a
men
dmen
ts to
rea
l-lif
esc
enar
ios.
in th
e dr
aftin
g an
d
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel e
xpla
in a
ndan
alyz
e th
e co
mpl
ex in
terr
elat
ions
hips
bet
wee
n th
e ri
ghts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of U
.S. c
itize
nshi
p.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe,
usi
ngpr
ecis
e ex
ampl
es, t
he r
ole
of g
over
nmen
t at t
he f
eder
al, s
tate
,an
d lo
cal l
evel
s, in
clud
ing
the
func
tions
of
the
bran
ches
of
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t and
of
lead
ersh
ip p
ositi
ons
with
in e
ach
bran
ch.
Stud
ents
des
crib
e an
d an
alyz
e is
sues
invo
lved
in th
ede
velo
pmen
t of
the
U.S
. Con
stitu
tion.
Stu
dent
s ap
ply
the
basi
cpr
inci
ples
of
good
gov
ernm
ent t
o a
real
-lif
e sc
enar
io. S
tude
nts
appl
y th
e pr
inci
ples
of
the
Wyo
min
g C
onst
itutio
n to
rea
l-lif
esc
enar
ios. PR
OFI
CIE
NT
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel i
dent
ify
and
expl
ain
the
conn
ectio
nsbe
twee
nth
eri
ghts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of U
.S. c
itize
nshi
p.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe,
usi
ngcl
ear
exam
ples
, the
rol
e of
gov
ernm
ent a
t the
fed
eral
, sta
te, a
ndlo
cal l
evel
s, in
clud
ing
the
func
tions
of
the
bran
ches
of
fede
ral
gove
rnm
ent a
nd o
f le
ader
ship
pos
ition
s w
ithin
eac
h br
anch
.St
uden
tsde
scri
bean
dex
plai
nis
sues
invo
lved
inth
ede
velo
pmen
t of
the
U.S
. Con
stitu
tion.
Stu
dent
s ap
ply
the
basi
cpr
inci
ples
of
good
gov
ernm
ent t
o a
real
-lif
e sc
enar
io. S
tude
nts
desc
ribe
the
basi
c pr
inci
ples
of
the
Wyo
min
g C
onst
itutio
n.
4647
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
iden
tify
som
e co
nnec
tions
bet
wee
n th
e ri
ghts
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of U
.S. c
itize
nshi
p. S
tude
nts
desc
ribe
, with
gui
danc
e, th
e ro
le o
fgo
vern
men
t at t
he f
eder
al, s
tate
, and
loca
l lev
els,
incl
udin
g th
efu
nctio
ns o
f th
e br
anch
es o
f fe
dera
l gov
ernm
ent a
nd o
fle
ader
ship
pos
ition
s w
ithin
eac
h br
anch
. Stu
dent
s de
scri
be, w
ithgu
idan
ce, i
ssue
s in
volv
ed in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f th
e U
.S.
Con
stitu
tion.
Stud
ents
app
ly th
e ba
sic
prin
cipl
es o
f go
odgo
vern
men
t in
a re
al-l
ife
or g
uide
d sc
enar
io. S
tude
nts
iden
tify
som
e of
the
basi
c pr
inci
ples
of
the
Wyo
min
g C
onst
itutio
n.
48
An
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
civ
ic id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es o
f ci
tizen
ship
is c
ritic
al to
ful
l par
ticip
atio
n in
soc
iety
and
is a
cen
tral
pur
pose
of
the
soci
al s
tudi
es. A
ll pe
ople
hav
e a
stak
e in
exa
min
ing
civi
c id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es a
cros
s tim
e an
d in
div
erse
soc
ietie
s as
wel
l as
at h
ome,
and
in d
eter
min
ing
how
to c
lose
the
gap
betw
een
pres
ent p
ract
ices
and
the
idea
ls u
pon
whi
ch o
ur d
emoc
ratic
rep
ublic
is b
ased
. Lea
rner
s co
nfro
nt s
uch
ques
tions
as:
Wha
t is
civi
c pa
rtic
ipat
ion
and
how
can
I b
e in
volv
ed?
How
has
the
mea
ning
of
citiz
ensh
ip e
volv
ed?
Wha
t is
the
bala
nce
betw
een
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s? W
hat i
s th
e ro
le o
f th
e ci
tizen
in th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
natio
n, a
nd a
s a
mem
ber
of th
e w
orld
com
mun
ity?
How
can
I m
ake
a po
sitiv
e di
ffer
ence
?In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in u
nits
or
cour
ses
deal
ing
with
his
tory
, pol
itica
l sci
ence
, cul
tura
l ant
hrop
olog
y, a
nd f
ield
s su
ch a
s gl
obal
stud
ies
and
law
-rel
ated
edu
catio
n, w
hile
als
o dr
awin
g up
on c
onte
nt f
rom
the
hum
aniti
es.
49
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
2. C
ultu
re/ C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
res
and
how
thes
e cu
lture
s ha
ve c
ontr
ibut
ed a
nd c
ontin
ue to
con
trib
ute
to th
ew
orld
in w
hich
they
live
. BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
8PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
81.
Stud
ents
exp
lain
how
fam
ily s
yste
ms,
rel
igio
n,la
ngua
ge,
liter
atur
e, a
nd th
e ar
ts c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fcu
lture
s.2.
Stud
ents
exp
lain
how
cul
ture
s an
d ex
peri
ence
s in
flue
nce
peop
les'
per
cept
ions
.3.
Stud
ents
des
crib
e cu
ltura
l div
ersi
ty a
nd th
e in
terd
epen
denc
e of
cultu
res.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
Bch
16gr
ade
stud
ents
per
form
ing
an a
dvan
ced
perf
orm
ance
leve
lin
terp
ret t
he p
atte
rns
of b
ehav
ior
whi
ch r
efle
ct a
nd r
einf
orce
valu
es a
nd a
ttitu
des
with
in d
iver
se c
ultu
res
and
expl
ain
thei
rde
velo
pmen
t with
in th
ese
cultu
res.
Stud
ents
pro
vide
mul
tiple
com
pari
sons
bet
wee
n cu
lture
s an
d an
alyz
e th
e in
terd
epen
denc
eof
thos
e cu
lture
s.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E8t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
per
form
ing
a pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
lac
cura
tely
iden
tify
the
patte
rns
of b
ehav
ior
whi
ch r
efle
ct v
alue
san
d at
titud
es w
ithin
a g
iven
cul
ture
and
pro
vide
a c
ompa
riso
nw
ith a
noth
er c
ultu
re.
Stud
ents
det
erm
ine
how
cul
ture
s de
velo
pan
d in
tera
ct w
ith o
ne a
noth
er.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
-th
16gr
ade
stud
ents
per
form
ing
a pa
rtia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l ide
ntif
y so
me
patte
rns
of b
ehav
ior
whi
ch r
efle
ct v
alue
s an
dat
titud
es w
ithin
a g
iven
cul
ture
.St
uden
ts r
ecog
nize
, with
guid
ance
, the
inte
ract
ion
betw
een
cultu
res.
5051
52
Hum
an b
eing
s cr
eate
, lea
rn, a
nd a
dapt
cul
ture
. Cul
ture
hel
ps u
s to
und
erst
and
ours
elve
s as
bot
h in
divi
dual
s an
d m
embe
rs o
fva
riou
s gr
oups
.H
uman
cul
ture
s ex
hibi
t bot
h si
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffer
ence
s. W
e al
l, fo
r ex
ampl
e, h
ave
syst
ems
of b
elie
fs,
know
ledg
e, v
alue
s, a
nd tr
aditi
ons.
Eac
h sy
stem
als
o is
uni
que.
In
a de
moc
ratic
and
mul
ticul
tura
l soc
iety
, stu
dent
s ne
ed to
unde
rsta
nd m
ultip
le p
ersp
ectiv
es th
at d
eriv
e fr
om d
iffe
rent
cul
tura
l van
tage
poi
nts.
Thi
s un
ders
tand
ing
will
allo
w th
em to
rela
te to
peo
ple
in o
ur n
atio
n an
d th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld.
Cul
ture
s ar
e dy
nam
ic a
nd e
ver-
chan
ging
. The
stu
dy o
f cu
lture
prep
ares
stu
dent
s to
ask
and
ans
wer
que
stio
ns s
uch
as: W
hat a
re th
e co
mm
on c
hara
cter
istic
s of
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
res?
How
do
belie
f sy
stem
s, s
uch
as r
elig
ion
or p
oliti
cal i
deal
s of
the
cultu
re, i
nflu
ence
the
othe
r pa
rts
of th
e cu
lture
? H
ow d
oes
the
cultu
rech
ange
to a
ccom
mod
ate
diff
eren
t ide
as a
nd b
elie
fs?
Wha
t doe
s la
ngua
ge te
ll us
abo
ut th
e cu
lture
?In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in u
nits
and
cou
rses
dea
ling
with
geo
grap
hy, h
isto
ry, a
nd a
nthr
opol
ogy,
as
wel
l as
mul
ticul
tura
l top
ics
acro
ssth
e cu
rric
ulum
.
53
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
3. P
rodu
ctio
n, D
istr
ibut
ion,
and
Con
sum
ptio
nSt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of e
cono
mic
pri
ncip
les
and
conc
epts
and
des
crib
e th
e in
flue
nce
of e
cono
mic
fac
tors
on
soci
etie
s.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 8
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 8
1.St
uden
ts p
rovi
de e
xam
ples
of
how
eco
nom
ic c
onsi
dera
tions
infl
uenc
e pe
rson
al,
loca
l,st
ate,
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal
deci
sion
-mak
ing.
2.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
the
exch
ange
of
good
s an
d se
rvic
es, p
ast a
ndpr
esen
t.3.
Stud
ents
rec
ogni
ze th
at w
e ha
ve li
mite
d re
sour
ces
with
whi
chto
sat
isfy
unl
imite
d w
ants
and
nee
ds.
4.St
uden
tsre
cogn
ize
basi
cco
ncep
ts o
f ec
onom
ic s
yste
ms
incl
udin
g ba
rter
ing,
nee
ds a
nd w
ants
, sup
ply
and
dem
and,
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te g
oods
and
ser
vice
s, b
oom
and
bus
t, an
dab
unda
nce
and
scar
city
.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g an
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel
com
pare
the
econ
omic
fac
tors
that
aid
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
vari
ous
econ
omic
sys
tem
s.St
uden
ts a
naly
ze a
nd e
xpla
in h
owec
onom
ic d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
impa
cts
indi
vidu
als
at th
e pe
rson
al,
loca
l, st
ate,
nat
iona
l, an
d in
tern
atio
nal l
evel
s.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E-8th
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g a
prof
icie
nt p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
desc
ribe
var
ious
eco
nom
ic s
yste
ms.
Stud
ents
pro
vide
sam
ples
of e
cono
mic
dec
isio
ns a
t the
per
sona
l, lo
cal,
stat
e, n
atio
nal,
and
inte
rnat
iona
l lev
el.
Giv
en e
xam
ples
, stu
dent
s co
mpa
re h
owva
riou
s ec
onom
ic s
yste
ms
affe
ct in
divi
dual
s an
d th
eir
choi
ces.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g a
part
ially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
cele
vel
iden
tify
econ
omic
sys
tem
s.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
with
assi
stan
ce th
e ex
chan
ge o
f go
ods
and
serv
ices
in e
cono
mic
syst
ems.
Stu
dent
s de
scri
be w
ith g
uida
nce
how
lim
ited
reso
urce
san
d un
limite
d ne
eds
and
wan
ts c
reat
e co
nflic
t at t
he p
erso
nal,
loca
l, st
ate,
nat
iona
l, an
d in
tern
atio
nal l
evel
.
5455
56
Peop
le h
ave
wan
ts th
at o
ften
exc
eed
the
limite
d re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
them
. As
a re
sult,
a v
arie
ty o
f w
ays
have
bee
n in
vent
ed to
deci
de u
pon
answ
ers
to f
our
fund
amen
tal q
uest
ions
: Wha
t is
to b
e pr
oduc
ed?
How
is p
rodu
ctio
n to
be
orga
nize
d? H
ow a
re g
oods
and
serv
ices
to b
e di
stri
bute
d?W
hat i
s th
e m
ost e
ffec
tive
allo
catio
n of
the
fact
ors
of p
rodu
ctio
n (l
and,
labo
r, c
apita
l, an
dm
anag
emen
t)?
Une
qual
dis
trib
utio
n of
res
ourc
es n
eces
sita
tes
syst
ems
of e
xcha
nge,
incl
udin
g tr
ade,
to im
prov
e th
e w
ell-
bein
g of
the
econ
omy,
whi
le th
e ro
le o
f go
vern
men
t in
econ
omic
pol
icym
akin
g va
ries
ove
r tim
e an
d fr
om p
lace
to p
lace
.In
crea
sing
ly, t
hese
deci
sion
s ar
e gl
obal
in s
cope
and
req
uire
sys
tem
atic
stu
dy o
f an
inte
rdep
ende
nt w
orld
eco
nom
y an
d th
e ro
le o
f te
chno
logy
inec
onom
ic d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
In
scho
ols,
this
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
g w
ith c
once
pts,
pri
ncip
les,
and
issu
esdr
awn
from
the
disc
iplin
e of
eco
nom
ics.
57
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
4. T
ime,
Con
tinui
ty, a
nd C
hang
eSt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e pe
ople
, eve
nts,
pro
blem
s, id
eas,
and
cul
ture
s th
at w
ere
sign
ific
ant i
n th
e hi
stor
y of
our
com
mun
ity, s
tate
, nat
ion
and
wor
ld.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
8PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
81.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
peop
le, e
vent
s, p
robl
ems,
con
flic
ts, a
nd id
eas
and
expl
ain
thei
r hi
stor
ical
sig
nifi
canc
e.2.
Stud
ents
dis
cuss
and
ana
lyze
cur
rent
eve
nts.
3.St
uden
tsor
gani
zehi
stor
ical
even
ts,
eras
,an
dtr
ends
chro
nolo
gica
lly.
4.St
uden
ts a
naly
ze th
e im
pact
of
hist
oric
al e
vent
s an
d pe
ople
on
pres
ent c
ondi
tions
, situ
atio
ns, o
r ci
rcum
stan
ces.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g an
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel
anal
yze
and
disc
uss
the
com
plex
rel
atio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
peop
le,
even
ts,
prob
lem
s,co
nflic
ts,
and
idea
s,an
d ex
plai
nth
eir
hist
oric
al s
igni
fica
nce
and
para
llels
to p
rese
nt d
ay c
ondi
tions
,si
tuat
ions
, and
cir
cum
stan
ces.
Stud
ents
sum
mar
ize
hist
oric
even
ts, e
ras,
and
tren
ds c
hron
olog
ical
ly.
Stud
ents
ana
lyze
and
criti
que
curr
ent e
vent
s an
d tr
ends
to e
stab
lish
patte
rns
ofbe
havi
or a
nd to
pre
dict
fut
ure
tren
ds.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E8t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
per
form
ing
a pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
lsu
mm
ariz
e th
e re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
peop
le, e
vent
s, p
robl
ems,
conf
licts
,an
d id
eas,
and
thei
rhi
stor
ical
sign
ific
ance
and
para
llels
topr
esen
t-da
yco
nditi
ons,
situ
atio
ns,
and
circ
umst
ance
s.St
uden
ts o
rgan
ize
hist
oric
al e
vent
s, e
ras,
and
tren
ds c
hron
olog
ical
ly.
Stud
ents
rev
iew
and
dis
cuss
cur
rent
even
ts a
nd tr
ends
to e
stab
lish
patte
rns
of b
ehav
ior.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g a
part
ially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
reco
gniz
eth
ere
latio
nshi
psbe
twee
npe
ople
,ev
ents
,pr
oble
ms,
conf
licts
, and
idea
s an
d th
eir
hist
oric
al s
igni
fica
nce
in r
elat
ion
topr
esen
t-da
y co
nditi
ons,
situ
atio
ns,
and
circ
umst
ance
s.St
uden
tsor
gani
ze c
hron
olog
ical
ly a
giv
en li
st o
f hi
stor
ic e
vent
s.St
uden
tssu
mm
ariz
e cu
rren
t eve
nts.
5859
60
Hum
an b
eing
s se
ek to
und
erst
and
thei
r hi
stor
ical
roo
ts a
nd to
loca
te th
emse
lves
in ti
me.
Suc
h un
ders
tand
ing
invo
lves
kno
win
g w
hat
thin
gs w
ere
like
in th
e pa
st a
nd h
ow th
ings
cha
nge
and
deve
lop.
Kno
win
g ho
w to
rea
d an
d re
cons
truc
t the
pas
t allo
ws
one
to d
evel
opa
hist
oric
al p
ersp
ectiv
e an
d to
ans
wer
que
stio
ns s
uch
as: W
ho a
m I
? W
hat h
appe
ned
in th
e pa
st?
How
am
I c
onne
cted
to th
ose
inth
e pa
st?
How
has
the
wor
ld c
hang
ed a
nd h
ow m
ight
it c
hang
e in
the
futu
re?
Why
doe
s ou
r pe
rson
al s
ense
of
rela
tedn
ess
to th
e pa
stch
ange
? H
ow c
an th
e pe
rspe
ctiv
e w
e ha
ve a
bout
our
ow
n lif
e ex
peri
ence
s be
vie
wed
as
part
of
the
larg
er h
uman
sto
ry a
cros
s tim
e?H
ow d
o ou
r pe
rson
al s
tori
es r
efle
ct v
aryi
ng p
oint
s of
vie
w a
nd in
form
con
tem
pora
ry id
eas
and
actio
ns?
Thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
appe
ars
in c
ours
es th
at: 1
) in
clud
e pe
rspe
ctiv
es f
rom
var
ious
asp
ects
of
hist
ory;
2)
draw
upo
n hi
stor
ical
kno
wle
dge
duri
ng th
eex
amin
atio
n of
soc
ial i
ssue
s; a
nd 3
) de
velo
p th
e ha
bits
of
min
d th
at h
isto
rian
s an
d sc
hola
rs in
the
hum
aniti
es a
nd s
ocia
l sci
ence
sem
ploy
to s
tudy
the
past
and
its
rela
tions
hip
to th
e pr
esen
t in
the
U.S
. and
oth
er s
ocie
ties.
61
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
5. P
eopl
e, P
lace
s, a
nd E
nvir
onm
ents
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
ps a
mon
g pe
ople
, pla
ces,
eco
nom
ies,
and
env
iron
men
ts.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
8PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
81.
Stud
ents
use
map
s an
d ot
her
geog
raph
ic r
epre
sent
atio
ns, t
ools
,an
d te
chni
ques
to a
cqui
re, p
roce
ss, a
nd r
epor
t inf
orm
atio
n.2.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
the
five
them
es o
f ge
ogra
phy
(pla
ce, r
egio
n,lo
catio
n, m
ovem
ent,
and
hum
an/e
nvir
onm
enta
l int
erac
tion)
and
appl
y th
em to
the
topi
c be
ing
stud
ied.
3.St
uden
ts u
se m
enta
l map
ping
as
a sk
ill to
org
aniz
e an
d pr
oces
ssp
atia
l inf
orm
atio
n.4.
Stud
ents
def
ine
and
appl
y te
chni
cal v
ocab
ular
y sp
ecif
ic to
the
topi
c be
ing
stud
ied.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
Stn
grad
est
uden
tsat
the
adva
nced
perf
orm
ance
leve
lin
depe
nden
tly id
entif
y an
d ex
plai
n th
e fi
ve th
emes
of
geog
raph
yan
d th
ere
latio
nshi
ps a
mon
g th
em, a
nd d
emon
stra
te th
eir
unde
rsta
ndin
g by
app
lyin
g th
em to
a v
arie
ty o
f to
pics
. Stu
dent
sus
e co
mpl
ex m
aps,
tool
s, a
nd te
chni
ques
, inc
ludi
ng te
chni
cal
voca
bula
ry,
toac
quir
e,pr
oces
s,an
def
fect
ivel
yre
port
info
rmat
ion.
Stud
ents
use
com
plex
men
tal m
aps
to c
lear
lyex
plai
n, d
escr
ibe,
and
pro
cess
spa
tial r
elat
ions
hips
on
the
eart
h.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E8t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l ide
ntif
yan
d ex
plai
n th
e fi
ve th
emes
of
geog
raph
y an
d ap
prop
riat
ely
appl
y th
em to
a v
arie
ty o
f to
pics
.St
uden
ts u
se a
ppro
pria
tem
aps,
tool
s, te
chni
ques
, and
voc
abul
ary
to a
cqui
re in
form
atio
n.St
uden
ts u
se p
reci
se m
enta
l map
s to
des
crib
e an
d pr
oces
s sp
atia
lin
form
atio
n.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
iden
tify,
with
ass
ista
nce,
the
five
them
es o
f ge
ogra
phy
and
appl
yth
em to
sim
ple
topi
cs.
Stud
ents
use
sim
ple
map
s, to
ols,
tech
niqu
es, a
nd v
ocab
ular
y w
ith d
irec
tion.
Stud
ents
use
men
tal
map
s to
des
crib
e sp
atia
l inf
orm
atio
n.
6263
64
Tec
hnol
ogic
al a
dvan
ces
conn
ect s
tude
nts
at a
ll le
vels
to th
e w
orld
bey
ond
thei
r pe
rson
al lo
catio
ns. T
he s
tudy
of
peop
le, p
lace
s, a
ndhu
man
-env
iron
men
t int
erac
tions
ass
ists
lear
ners
as
they
cre
ate
thei
r sp
atia
l vie
ws
and
geog
raph
ic p
ersp
ectiv
es o
f th
e w
orld
. Tod
ay's
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
econ
omic
, and
civ
ic d
eman
ds o
n in
divi
dual
s m
ean
that
stu
dent
s w
ill n
eed
the
know
ledg
e, s
kills
, and
und
erst
andi
ng to
ask
and
answ
er q
uest
ions
suc
h as
: Whe
re a
re th
ings
loca
ted?
Why
are
they
loca
ted
whe
re th
ey a
re?
Wha
t pat
tern
s ar
e re
flec
ted
inth
e gr
ouO
ping
s of
thin
gs?
Wha
t do
we
mea
n by
reg
ion?
How
do
land
form
s ch
ange
? W
hat i
mpl
icat
ions
do
thes
e ch
ange
s ha
ve f
orpe
ople
? T
his
area
of
stud
y he
lps
lear
ners
mak
e in
form
ed a
nd c
ritic
al d
ecis
ions
abo
ut th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n hu
man
bei
ngs
and
thei
r en
viro
nmen
t. In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in u
nits
and
cou
rses
dea
ling
with
are
a st
udie
s an
d ge
ogra
phy. 65
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
6. S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
kills
Stud
ents
acc
ess,
org
aniz
e, s
ynth
esiz
e, e
valu
ate,
and
inte
rpre
t inf
orm
atio
n us
ing
appr
opri
ate
reso
urce
s an
d te
chno
logy
to c
olla
bora
te,
mak
e de
cisi
ons,
sol
ve p
robl
ems,
and
rep
ort r
esul
ts in
any
of
a va
riet
y of
for
mat
s,B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 8
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 8
1.St
uden
ts r
ead
and
follo
w d
irec
tions
.2.
Stud
ents
wor
k in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely.
3.St
uden
ts e
valu
ate
fact
ual i
nfor
mat
ion.
4.St
uden
ts p
rese
nt in
form
atio
n in
ora
l, te
xt, a
nd g
raph
ic f
orm
ats.
5.St
uden
ts u
se p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
skill
s in
ava
riet
y of
set
tings
.6.
Stud
ents
exa
min
e ca
use
and
effe
ct r
elat
ions
hips
.7.
Stud
ents
com
mun
icat
e pe
rson
alco
nvic
tions
,be
liefs
and
feel
ings
.8.
Stud
ents
gat
her
and
orga
nize
info
rmat
ion
from
a v
arie
ty o
fso
urce
s, in
clud
ing
oral
, tex
t, an
d gr
aphi
c fo
rmat
s.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
est
uden
tsat
the
adva
nced
perf
orm
ance
leve
lde
mon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to in
depe
nden
tly a
pply
the
follo
win
gsk
ills: R
eadi
ng, i
nter
pret
ing,
and
fol
low
ing
dire
ctio
nsG
athe
ring
,or
gani
zing
,sy
nthe
sizi
ng,
inte
rpre
ting,
and
pres
entin
g in
form
atio
nW
orki
ng in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely
on c
ompl
ex ta
sks.
Eva
luat
ing
and
appl
ying
info
rmat
ion
Usi
ng d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
skill
s to
pro
pose
mul
tiple
, com
plex
solu
tions
to s
olve
a v
arie
ty o
f pr
oble
ms
Iden
tifyi
ng, a
naly
zing
, and
exp
lain
ing
inco
nsis
tenc
ies
infa
ctua
l inf
orm
atio
n.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E8t
hgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
epr
ofic
ient
perf
orm
ance
leve
lde
mon
stra
tes
the
abili
ty to
app
ly th
e fo
llow
ing
skill
s:R
eadi
ng a
nd f
ollo
win
g di
rect
ions
Gat
heri
ng, o
rgan
izin
g, a
nd p
rese
ntin
g in
form
atio
nW
orki
ng in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely
Eva
luat
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
usin
g de
cisi
on-m
akin
g sk
ills
topr
opos
e so
lutio
ns to
a v
arie
ty o
f gi
ven
prob
lem
sId
entif
ying
and
expl
aini
ngin
cons
iste
ncie
sin
fact
ual
info
rmat
ion.
6667
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
-th
Idgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
epa
rtia
llypr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
dem
onst
rate
the
abili
ty to
app
ly th
e fo
llow
ing
skill
s, w
ithas
sist
ance
:R
eadi
ng a
nd f
ollo
win
g di
rect
ions
Gat
heri
ng, o
rgan
izin
g, a
nd p
rese
ntin
g in
form
atio
nW
orki
ng in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely,
on
rout
ine
task
sU
sing
fac
tual
info
rmat
ion
to p
ropo
se s
impl
e so
lutio
ns to
basi
c pr
oble
ms
Rec
ogni
zing
that
inco
nsis
tenc
ies
may
exi
stin
fact
ual
info
rmat
ion.
68
The
ski
lls in
soc
ial s
tudi
es in
clud
e ac
quir
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
man
ipul
atin
g da
ta, d
evel
opin
g an
d pr
esen
ting
polic
ies,
arg
umen
ts,
and
stor
ies,
con
stru
ctin
g ne
w k
now
ledg
e, a
nd p
artic
ipat
ing
in g
roup
s. T
hese
ski
ll ca
tego
ries
sho
uld
not b
e se
en a
s a
frag
men
ted
list o
f th
ings
that
stu
dent
s an
d te
ache
rs s
houl
d do
. Rat
her,
they
sho
uld
be u
sed
as a
n in
terc
onne
cted
fra
mew
ork
in w
hich
eac
hsk
ill is
dep
ende
nt u
pon
and
enri
ched
by
all o
ther
ski
lls. A
ll to
geth
er a
re n
eces
sary
for
a p
rogr
am o
f ex
celle
nce.
69
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
7. T
echn
olog
ySt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to u
se th
e ap
prop
riat
e te
chno
logy
to a
cces
s an
d pr
oces
s in
form
atio
n ap
plyi
ng a
var
iety
of
reso
urce
s to
the
stud
y of
his
tory
, geo
grap
hy, e
cono
mic
s, a
nd s
ocia
l ins
titut
ions
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 8
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 8
1.St
uden
tsus
epr
inte
dan
del
ectr
onic
med
iato
gath
erin
form
atio
n.2.
Stud
ents
dev
elop
mul
timed
ia p
rese
ntat
ions
, whi
ch m
ay in
clud
ew
ritte
n/pr
inte
d,ve
rbal
,vi
sual
,au
ral,
actio
n,dr
ama,
orco
mpu
ter
form
ats.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
est
uden
tsat
the
adva
nced
perf
orm
ance
leve
lin
depe
nden
tly a
cces
s, p
roce
ss, a
nd a
pply
info
rmat
ion.
Stu
dent
sin
depe
nden
tly s
ynth
esiz
e in
form
atio
n to
dev
elop
mul
ti-m
edia
pres
enta
tions
.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E8t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l acc
ess,
proc
ess,
and
app
ly in
form
atio
n as
dir
ecte
d.St
uden
ts d
evel
opm
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ions
as
dire
cted
.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
8th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
acce
ss, p
roce
ss, a
nd a
pply
info
rmat
ion
with
ass
ista
nce.
Stu
dent
sde
velo
p m
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ions
with
gui
danc
e.
70
Tec
hnol
ogy
is a
s ol
d as
the
firs
t cru
de to
ol in
vent
ed b
y pr
ehis
tori
c hu
man
s, b
ut to
day'
s te
chno
logy
for
ms
the
basi
s fo
r so
me
of o
urm
ost d
iffi
cult
soci
al c
hoic
es. M
oder
n lif
e as
we
know
it w
ould
be
impo
ssib
le w
ithou
t tec
hnol
ogy
and
the
scie
nce
that
sup
port
s it.
But
tech
nolo
gy b
ring
s w
ith it
man
y qu
estio
ns: I
s ne
w te
chno
logy
alw
ays
bette
r th
an th
at w
hich
it w
ill r
epla
ce?
Wha
t can
we
lear
nfr
om th
e pa
st a
bout
how
new
tech
nolo
gies
res
ult i
n br
oade
r so
cial
cha
nge,
som
e of
whi
ch is
una
ntic
ipat
ed?
How
can
we
cope
with
the
ever
-inc
reas
ing
pace
of
chan
ge, p
erha
ps e
ven
with
the
feel
ing
that
tech
nolo
gy h
as g
otte
n ou
t of
cont
rol?
How
can
we
man
age
tech
nolo
gy s
o th
at th
e gr
eate
st n
umbe
r of
peo
ple
bene
fit f
rom
it?
How
can
we
pres
erve
our
fun
dam
enta
l val
ues
and
belie
fs in
aw
orld
that
is r
apid
ly b
ecom
ing
one
tech
nolo
gy-l
inke
d vi
llage
?T
his
them
e ap
pear
s in
uni
ts o
r co
urse
s de
alin
g w
ith h
isto
ry,
geog
raph
y, e
cono
mic
s, a
nd c
ivic
s an
d go
vern
men
t. It
dra
ws
upon
sev
eral
sch
olar
ly f
ield
s fr
om th
e na
tura
l and
phy
sica
l sci
ence
s,so
cial
sci
ence
s, a
nd th
e hu
man
ities
for
spe
cifi
c ex
ampl
es o
f is
sues
and
the
know
ledg
e ba
se f
or c
onsi
deri
ng r
espo
nses
to th
e so
ciet
alis
sues
rel
ated
to s
cien
ce a
nd te
chno
logy
.
71
GR
AD
E S
PAN
K-4
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
1. C
itize
nshi
p/ G
over
nmen
t/ D
emoc
racy
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
how
str
uctu
res
of p
ower
, aut
hori
ty, a
nd g
over
nanc
e ha
ve d
evel
oped
his
tori
cally
and
con
tinue
to e
volv
e.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 4
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 4
1. 2.St
uden
ts id
entif
y ri
ghts
and
res
pons
ibili
ties
of c
itize
nshi
p.St
uden
ts e
xpla
in h
ow r
ules
and
law
s af
fect
fam
ilies
, sch
ools
,co
mm
uniti
es, a
nd s
tate
s.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel i
dent
ify
and
anal
yze
the
stru
ctur
es o
f po
wer
, aut
hori
ty, a
nd g
over
nanc
e by
expl
aini
ng h
ow r
ules
and
law
s af
fect
soc
iety
and
them
selv
es.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
and
anal
yze
the
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s of
citiz
ensh
ip.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E4t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l ide
ntif
y th
est
ruct
ures
of
pow
er, a
utho
rity
, and
gov
erna
nce
by e
xpla
inin
gho
w r
ules
and
law
s af
fect
soc
iety
and
them
selv
es.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
and
expl
ain
the
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s of
citi
zens
hip.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
iden
tify,
with
gui
danc
e, h
ow r
ules
and
law
s af
fect
soc
iety
and
them
selv
es. S
tude
nts
iden
tify,
with
gui
danc
e, s
ome
of th
e ri
ghts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of c
itize
nshi
p.
7273
An
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
civ
ic id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es o
f ci
tizen
ship
is c
ritic
al to
ful
l par
ticip
atio
n in
soc
iety
and
is a
cen
tral
pur
pose
of
the
soci
al s
tudi
es. A
ll pe
ople
hav
e a
stak
e in
exa
min
ing
civi
c id
eals
and
pra
ctic
es a
cros
s tim
e an
d in
div
erse
soc
ietie
s as
wel
l as
atho
me,
and
in d
eter
min
ing
how
to c
lose
the
gap
betw
een
pres
ent p
ract
ices
and
the
idea
ls u
pon
whi
ch o
ur d
emoc
ratic
rep
ublic
isba
sed.
Lea
rner
s co
nfro
nt s
uch
ques
tions
as:
Wha
t is
civi
c pa
rtic
ipat
ion
and
how
can
I b
e in
volv
ed?
How
has
the
mea
ning
of
citiz
ensh
ip e
volv
ed?
Wha
t is
the
bala
nce
betw
een
righ
ts a
nd r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s? W
hat i
s th
e ro
le o
f th
e ci
tizen
in th
e co
mm
unity
and
the
natio
n, a
nd a
s a
mem
ber
of th
e w
orld
com
mun
ity?
How
can
I m
ake
a po
sitiv
e di
ffer
ence
? In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
appe
ars
in u
nits
or
cour
ses
deal
ing
with
his
tory
, pol
itica
l sci
ence
, cul
tura
l ant
hrop
olog
y, a
nd f
ield
s su
ch a
s gl
obal
stu
dies
and
law
-re
late
d ed
ucat
ion,
whi
le a
lso
draw
ing
upon
con
tent
fro
m th
e hu
man
ities
.
7475
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
2. C
ultu
re/ C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
res
and
how
thes
e cu
lture
s ha
ve c
ontr
ibut
ed a
nd c
ontin
ue to
con
trib
ute
to th
ew
orld
in w
hich
they
live
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
GR
AD
E 4
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 4
Stud
ents
des
crib
e th
e w
ays
in w
hich
cul
ture
s ad
dres
s hu
man
nee
dsA
DV
AN
CE
D P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
Ean
d co
ncer
ns s
uch
as f
reed
om, j
ustic
e, a
nd r
espo
nsib
ility
whi
leth
4gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he a
dvan
ced
perf
orm
ance
leve
l mak
ein
flue
ncin
g hu
man
beh
avio
r th
roug
h la
ngua
ge, s
tori
es, f
olkt
ales
,m
usic
, and
art
istic
cre
atio
ns.
prec
ise
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
envi
ronm
enta
l fac
tors
and
cul
tura
lre
gion
s.St
uden
ts a
naly
ze th
e ex
pres
sion
s of
cul
ture
by
cate
gori
zing
pre
cise
exa
mpl
es to
det
erm
ine
thei
r in
flue
nce
on a
com
mun
ity.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E4t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l mak
e cl
ear
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
the
envi
ronm
ent a
nd a
cul
tura
l reg
ion.
Stud
ents
exp
lain
the
expr
essi
ons
of c
ultu
re b
y us
ing
clea
rex
ampl
es to
det
erm
ine
thei
r in
flue
nces
on
a co
mm
unity
.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
th4
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
mak
eso
me
conn
ectio
ns,
with
assi
stan
ce,
betw
een
the
envi
ronm
ent a
nd a
cul
tura
l reg
ion.
Stud
ents
iden
tify,
with
assi
stan
ce, l
angu
age,
sto
ries
, fol
ktal
es, m
usic
or
artis
tic c
reat
ions
as r
epre
sent
ativ
e of
a c
ultu
re.
7677
78
Hum
an b
eing
s cr
eate
, lea
rn, a
nd a
dapt
cul
ture
. Cul
ture
hel
ps u
s to
und
erst
and
ours
elve
s as
bot
h in
divi
dual
s an
d m
embe
rs o
fva
riou
s gr
oups
. Hum
an c
ultu
res
exhi
bit b
oth
sim
ilari
ties
and
diff
eren
ces.
We
all,
for
exam
ple,
hav
e sy
stem
s of
bel
iefs
, kno
wle
dge,
valu
es, a
nd tr
aditi
ons.
Eac
h sy
stem
als
o is
uni
que.
In a
dem
ocra
tic a
nd m
ultic
ultu
ral s
ocie
ty, s
tude
nts
need
to u
nder
stan
dm
ultip
le p
ersp
ectiv
es th
at d
eriv
e fr
om d
iffe
rent
cul
tura
l van
tage
poi
nts.
Thi
s un
ders
tand
ing
will
allo
w th
em to
rel
ate
to p
eopl
e in
our
natio
n an
d th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld. C
ultu
res
are
dyna
mic
and
eve
r-ch
angi
ng. T
he s
tudy
of
cultu
re p
repa
res
stud
ents
to a
sk a
ndan
swer
que
stio
ns s
uch
as: W
hat a
re th
e co
mm
on c
hara
cter
istic
s of
dif
fere
nt c
ultu
res?
How
do
belie
f sy
stem
s, s
uch
as r
elig
ion
orpo
litic
al id
eals
of
the
cultu
re, i
nflu
ence
the
othe
r pa
rts
of th
e cu
lture
? H
ow d
oes
the
cultu
re c
hang
e to
acc
omm
odat
e di
ffer
ent i
deas
and
belie
fs?
Wha
t doe
s la
ngua
ge te
ll us
abo
ut th
e cu
lture
? In
sch
ools
, thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in u
nits
and
cou
rses
dea
ling
with
geo
grap
hy, h
isto
ry, a
nd a
nthr
opol
ogy,
as
wel
l as
mul
ticul
tura
l top
ics
acro
ss th
e cu
rric
ulum
.
79
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
3. P
rodu
ctio
n, D
istr
ibut
ion,
and
Con
sum
ptio
nSt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of e
cono
mic
pri
ncip
les
and
conc
epts
and
des
crib
e th
e in
flue
nce
of e
cono
mic
fac
tors
on
soci
etie
s.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
4PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
41.
Stud
ents
desc
ribe
the
impo
rtan
ceof
maj
orre
sour
ces,
indu
stri
es, a
nd e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t of
the
loca
l com
mun
ityan
d W
yom
ing.
2.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
diff
eren
t way
s th
at p
eopl
e ea
rn a
livi
ng in
the
loca
l com
mun
ity a
nd in
Wyo
min
g.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
th4
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel m
ake
prec
ise
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
maj
or r
esou
rces
, ind
ustr
y, a
nd th
eec
onom
ic d
evel
opm
ent o
f a
Wyo
min
g co
mm
unity
and
the
way
spe
ople
mak
e a
livin
g.St
uden
ts p
redi
ct th
e co
nseq
uenc
es o
fec
onom
ic s
ucce
ss o
r fa
ilure
(bo
om o
r bu
st).
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E4t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l mak
e cl
ear
conn
ectio
ns b
etw
een
maj
or r
esou
rces
, ind
ustr
y an
d th
e ec
onom
icde
velo
pmen
t of
a W
yom
ing
com
mun
ity a
nd th
e w
ay p
eopl
em
ake
a liv
ing. PA
RT
IAL
LY
PR
OFI
CIE
NT
PER
FOR
MA
NC
Eth
4gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
artia
lly p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
ldr
aw s
impl
e co
nclu
sion
s ab
out h
ow p
eopl
e ea
rn a
livi
ng in
thei
rco
mm
unity
.
80
Peop
le h
ave
wan
ts th
at o
ften
exc
eed
the
limite
d re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
them
. As
a re
sult,
a v
arie
ty o
f w
ays
have
bee
n in
vent
ed to
deci
de u
pon
answ
ers
to f
our
fund
amen
tal q
uest
ions
: Wha
t is
to b
e pr
oduc
ed?
How
is p
rodu
ctio
n to
be
orga
nize
d? H
ow a
re g
oods
and
serv
ices
to b
e di
stri
bute
d? W
hat i
s th
e m
ost e
ffec
tive
allo
catio
n of
the
fact
ors
of p
rodu
ctio
n (l
and,
labo
r, c
apita
l, an
dm
anag
emen
t)?
Une
qual
dis
trib
utio
n of
res
ourc
es n
eces
sita
tes
syst
ems
of e
xcha
nge,
incl
udin
g tr
ade,
to im
prov
e th
e w
ell-
bein
g of
the
econ
omy,
whi
le th
e ro
le o
f go
vern
men
t in
econ
omic
pol
icym
akin
g va
ries
ove
r tim
e an
d fr
om p
lace
to p
lace
. Inc
reas
ingl
y, th
ese
deci
sion
s ar
e gl
obal
in s
cope
and
req
uire
sys
tem
atic
stu
dy o
f an
inte
rdep
ende
nt w
orld
eco
nom
y an
d th
e ro
le o
f te
chno
logy
inec
onom
ic d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
In
scho
ols,
this
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
g w
ith c
once
pts,
pri
ncip
les,
and
issu
es d
raw
n fr
om th
e di
scip
line
of e
cono
mic
s.
81
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D4.
Tim
e, C
ontin
uity
, and
Cha
nge
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
peop
le, e
vent
s, p
robl
ems,
idea
s, a
nd c
ultu
res
that
wer
e si
gnif
ican
t in
the
hist
ory
of o
urco
mm
unity
, sta
te, n
atio
n an
d w
orld
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 4
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 4
1.St
uden
ts id
entif
y si
gnif
ican
t loc
al, s
tate
and
nat
iona
l per
sons
,ho
liday
s an
d sy
mbo
ls, i
nclu
ding
Pre
side
nt, G
over
nor,
and
May
or.
2.St
uden
tsdi
scus
scu
rren
tev
ents
and
how
they
affe
ctin
divi
dual
s, c
omm
uniti
es, s
tate
, cou
ntry
, and
the
wor
ld.
3.St
uden
ts d
escr
ibe
the
chro
nolo
gy o
f ex
plor
atio
n, im
mig
ratio
nan
d se
ttlem
ent o
f W
yom
ing,
incl
udin
g m
ajor
eve
nts
and
infl
uent
ial p
eopl
e.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
th 4 gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he a
dvan
ced
perf
orm
ance
leve
l ide
ntif
y an
ddi
stin
guis
hbe
twee
ncu
rren
tsi
gnif
ican
tpo
litic
alle
ader
s.St
uden
ts a
naly
ze th
e hi
stor
ical
sig
nifi
canc
e of
nat
iona
l hol
iday
s,sy
mbo
ls, a
nd h
isto
rica
l fig
ures
who
con
trib
uted
to th
e gr
owth
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f ou
r co
untr
y.Se
lect
ing
a m
etho
d of
pres
enta
tion,
stu
dent
s ga
ther
dat
a to
sum
mar
ize
the
chro
nolo
gyof
the
maj
or e
vent
s an
d pe
ople
dur
ing
the
expl
orat
ion,
imm
igra
tion,
and
set
tlem
ent o
f W
yom
ing.
Stu
dent
s in
terp
ret t
hesi
gnif
ican
ce o
f cu
rren
t eve
nts
in th
e co
mm
unity
, sta
te, c
ount
ry,
and
wor
ld. PR
OFI
CIE
NT
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
th4
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel i
dent
ify
curr
ent s
igni
fica
nt p
oliti
cal l
eade
rs.
Stud
ents
rec
ogni
ze th
ehi
stor
ical
sign
ific
ance
of n
atio
nal
holid
ays,
sym
bols
, and
hist
oric
alfi
gure
sw
hoco
ntri
bute
dto
the
grow
than
dde
velo
pmen
t of
our
coun
try.
Giv
en d
ata,
stu
dent
s se
quen
tially
reco
nstr
uct t
he c
hron
olog
y of
the
maj
or e
vent
s an
d pe
ople
duri
ngth
eex
plor
atio
n,im
mig
ratio
n,an
dse
ttlem
ent
ofW
yom
ing.
Stud
ents
exp
ress
opi
nion
s du
ring
a d
iscu
ssio
n of
curr
ent e
vent
s.
8283
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
iden
tify,
with
assi
stan
ce,
the
curr
ent
sign
ific
ant
lead
ers.
Stud
ents
can
mat
ch n
atio
nal h
olid
ays,
sym
bols
, and
pol
itica
lle
ader
s to
a n
ame.
With
ass
ista
nce,
stu
dent
s id
entif
y lim
ited
maj
or e
vent
s an
d pe
ople
impo
rtan
t to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fW
yom
ing.
Stu
dent
s ha
ve a
lim
ited
awar
enes
s of
cur
rent
eve
nts
and
how
this
rel
ates
to th
eir
life.
84
Hum
an b
eing
s se
ek to
und
erst
and
thei
r hi
stor
ical
roo
ts a
nd to
loca
te th
emse
lves
in ti
me.
Suc
h un
ders
tand
ing
invo
lves
kno
win
gw
hat t
hing
s w
ere
like
in th
e pa
st a
nd h
ow th
ings
cha
nge
and
deve
lop.
Kno
win
g ho
w to
rea
d an
d re
cons
truc
t the
pas
t allo
ws
one
tode
velo
p a
hist
oric
al p
ersp
ectiv
e an
d to
ans
wer
que
stio
ns s
uch
as: W
ho a
m I
? W
hat h
appe
ned
in th
e pa
st?
How
am
I c
onne
cted
toth
ose
in th
e pa
st?
How
has
the
wor
ld c
hang
ed a
nd h
ow m
ight
it c
hang
e in
the
futu
re?
Why
doe
s ou
r pe
rson
al s
ense
of
rela
tedn
ess
to th
e pa
st c
hang
e? H
ow c
an th
e pe
rspe
ctiv
e w
e ha
ve a
bout
our
ow
n lif
e ex
peri
ence
s be
vie
wed
as
part
of
the
larg
er h
uman
sto
ryac
ross
tim
e? H
ow d
o ou
r pe
rson
al s
tori
es r
efle
ct v
aryi
ng p
oint
s of
vie
w a
nd in
form
con
tem
pora
ry id
eas
and
actio
ns?
Thi
s th
eme
typi
cally
app
ears
in c
ours
es th
at: 1
) in
clud
e pe
rspe
ctiv
es f
rom
var
ious
asp
ects
of
hist
ory;
2)
draw
upo
n hi
stor
ical
kno
wle
dge
duri
ng th
e ex
amin
atio
n of
soc
ial i
ssue
s; a
nd 3
) de
velo
p th
e ha
bits
of
min
d th
at h
isto
rian
s an
d sc
hola
rs in
the
hum
aniti
es a
nd s
ocia
lsc
ienc
es e
mpl
oy to
stu
dy th
e pa
st a
nd it
s re
latio
nshi
p to
the
pres
ent i
n th
e U
.S. a
nd o
ther
soc
ietie
s.
85
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
5. P
eopl
e, P
lace
s, a
nd E
nvir
onm
ents
Stud
ents
dem
onst
rate
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
ps a
mon
g pe
ople
, pla
ces,
eco
nom
ies,
and
env
iron
men
ts.
BE
NC
HM
AR
KG
RA
DE
4PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SL
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
4St
uden
ts u
se p
hysi
cal a
nd p
oliti
cal m
aps
and
glob
es to
iden
tify
loca
tions
usi
ng s
cale
, car
dina
l and
inte
rmed
iate
dir
ectio
ns,
lege
nds,
key
s, a
nd s
ymbo
ls.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
thei
r re
lativ
e lo
catio
n in
term
s of
hom
e,sc
hool
, nei
ghbo
rhoo
d, c
omm
unity
, cou
nty,
sta
te, c
ount
ry, a
ndco
ntin
ent.
Stud
ents
iden
tify
and
loca
te m
ajor
land
mar
ks a
nd la
ndfo
rms
inth
e co
mm
unity
and
in W
yom
ing,
incl
udin
ghi
lls,
plai
ns,
mou
ntai
ns, p
late
aus,
riv
ers,
and
trai
ls.
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel s
elec
tap
prop
riat
e to
ols
to p
rodu
ce a
rep
rese
ntat
ion
of th
eir
know
ledg
eof
Wyo
min
g ge
ogra
phy
and
map
and
glo
be s
kills
.St
uden
ts c
anfl
uent
ly c
omm
unic
ate
thei
r re
lativ
e lo
catio
n in
the
wor
ld.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
Eth
4gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l util
ize
give
n to
ols
to id
entif
y lo
catio
ns, l
andm
arks
and
land
form
s in
Wyo
min
g, d
emon
stra
ting
thei
r kn
owle
dge
of s
cale
, car
dina
l and
inte
rmed
iate
dir
ectio
ns, l
egen
ds, k
eys
and
sym
bols
.St
uden
tsre
cogn
ize
thei
r re
lativ
e lo
catio
n in
the
wor
ld, w
ith te
ache
rdi
rect
ion.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
requ
ire
spec
ific
inst
ruct
ions
to s
elec
t and
use
app
ropr
iate
tool
s to
iden
tify
give
n lo
catio
ns, l
andm
arks
, and
land
form
s in
Wyo
min
g.St
uden
ts d
ispl
ay a
lim
ited
awar
enes
s of
thei
r re
lativ
e lo
catio
n in
the
wor
ld.
87
86
m Nat
iona
lC
ounc
il fo
r
Tec
hnol
ogic
al a
dvan
ces
conn
ect s
tude
nts
at a
ll le
vels
to th
e w
orld
bey
ond
thei
r pe
rson
al lo
catio
ns. T
he s
tudy
of
peop
le, p
lace
s, a
ndhu
man
-env
iron
men
t int
erac
tions
ass
ists
lear
ners
as
they
cre
ate
thei
r sp
atia
l vie
ws
and
geog
raph
ic p
ersp
ectiv
es o
f th
e w
orld
. Tod
ay's
soci
al, c
ultu
ral,
econ
omic
, and
civ
ic d
eman
ds o
n in
divi
dual
s m
ean
that
stu
dent
s w
ill n
eed
the
know
ledg
e, s
kills
, and
und
erst
andi
ng to
ask
and
answ
er q
uest
ions
suc
h as
: Whe
re a
re th
ings
loca
ted?
Why
are
they
loca
ted
whe
re th
ey a
re?
Wha
t pat
tern
s ar
e re
flec
ted
in th
egr
oupi
ngs
of th
ings
? W
hat d
o w
e m
ean
by r
egio
n? H
ow d
o la
ndfo
rms
chan
ge?
Wha
t im
plic
atio
ns d
o th
ese
chan
ges
have
for
peo
ple?
Thi
s ar
ea o
f st
udy
help
s le
arne
rs m
ake
info
rmed
and
cri
tical
dec
isio
ns a
bout
the
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
hum
an b
eing
s an
d th
eir
envi
ronm
ent.
In s
choo
ls, t
his
them
e ty
pica
lly a
ppea
rs in
uni
ts a
nd c
ours
es d
ealin
g w
ith a
rea
stud
ies
and
geog
raph
y.
8889
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
6. S
ocia
l Stu
dies
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
kills
Stud
ents
acc
ess,
org
aniz
e, s
ynth
esiz
e, e
valu
ate,
and
inte
rpre
t inf
orm
atio
n us
ing
appr
opri
ate
reso
urce
s an
d te
chno
logy
to c
olla
bora
te,
mak
e de
cisi
ons,
sol
ve p
robl
ems,
and
rep
ort r
esul
ts in
any
of
a va
riet
y of
for
mat
s,B
EN
CH
MA
RK
GR
AD
E 4
PER
FOR
MA
NC
E S
TA
ND
AR
DS
LE
VE
L D
ESC
RIP
TO
RS
GR
AD
E 4
1.St
uden
ts r
ead
and
follo
w d
irec
tions
.2.
Stud
ents
wor
k in
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely.
3.St
uden
ts in
terp
ret f
actu
al in
form
atio
n.4.
Stud
ents
com
mun
icat
e in
wri
tten,
ora
l and
vis
ual f
orm
s.5.
Stud
ents
use
pro
blem
-sol
ving
and
dec
isio
n- m
akin
g sk
ills
in a
vari
ety
of s
ettin
gs.
6.St
uden
ts e
xam
ine
caus
e an
d ef
fect
rel
atio
nshi
ps.
Add
endu
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
th4
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
adv
ance
d pe
rfor
man
ce le
vel r
ead
criti
cally
and
fol
low
dir
ectio
ns.
Tas
ks c
ompl
eted
by
stud
ents
empl
oy v
ario
us m
ulti-
med
ia m
etho
ds.
Stud
ents
dra
w a
ccur
ate
and
appr
opri
ate
conc
lusi
ons
and
tran
sfer
new
info
rmat
ion
topr
ior
know
ledg
e.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
E4t
h gr
ade
stud
ents
at t
he p
rofi
cien
t per
form
ance
leve
l rea
d an
dfo
llow
dir
ectio
ns.
Stud
ents
acc
urat
ely
com
plet
e ta
sks,
bot
hin
depe
nden
tly a
nd c
oope
rativ
ely,
flu
ently
com
mun
icat
ing
inw
ritte
n, o
ral,
and
visu
al f
orm
s. S
tude
nts
read
to m
ake
deci
sion
san
d so
lve
prob
lem
s.St
uden
ts in
terp
ret g
iven
dat
a.St
uden
tsm
atch
cau
se a
nd e
ffec
t rel
atio
nshi
ps.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel
follo
w s
impl
e di
rect
ions
and
exh
ibit
limite
d st
udy
skill
s, o
ften
with
ass
ista
nce.
m Nat
iona
lC
ounc
il fo
r
The
ski
lls in
soc
ial s
tudi
es in
clud
e ac
quir
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
man
ipul
atin
g da
ta, d
evel
opin
g an
d pr
esen
ting
polic
ies,
arg
umen
ts,
and
stor
ies,
con
stru
ctin
g ne
w k
now
ledg
e, a
nd p
artic
ipat
ing
in g
roup
s. T
hese
ski
ll ca
tego
ries
sho
uld
not b
e se
en a
s a
frag
men
ted
list
of th
ings
that
stu
dent
s an
d te
ache
rs s
houl
d do
. Rat
her,
they
sho
uld
be u
sed
as a
n in
terc
onne
cted
fra
mew
ork
in w
hich
eac
h sk
ill is
depe
nden
t upo
n an
d en
rich
ed b
y al
l oth
er s
kills
. All
toge
ther
are
nec
essa
ry f
or a
pro
gram
of
exce
llenc
e.
90
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
91
CO
NT
EN
T S
TA
ND
AR
D
7. T
echn
olog
ySt
uden
ts d
emon
stra
te th
e ab
ility
to u
se th
e ap
prop
riat
e te
chno
logy
to a
cces
s an
d pr
oces
s in
form
atio
n ap
plyi
ng a
var
iety
of
reso
urce
s to
the
stud
y of
his
tory
, geo
grap
hy, e
cono
mic
s, a
nd s
ocia
l ins
titut
ions
.B
EN
CH
MA
RK
!PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
SG
RA
DE
4L
EV
EL
DE
SCR
IPT
OR
SG
RA
DE
4St
uden
ts u
tiliz
e va
riou
s re
fere
nce
and
tech
nolo
gica
l res
ourc
es to
AD
VA
NC
ED
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
inve
stig
ate
issu
es a
nd to
pics
.4t
hgr
ade
stud
ents
atth
e ad
vanc
ed p
erfo
rman
cele
vel,
inpe
rfor
min
g a
task
, ind
epen
dent
ly s
elec
t and
use
app
ropr
iate
tool
sto
pre
sent
issu
es a
nd to
pics
.
PRO
FIC
IEN
T P
ER
FOR
MA
NC
Eth
4gr
ade
stud
ents
atth
e pr
ofic
ient
per
form
ance
leve
l,in
perf
orm
ing
a ta
sk, u
se a
ppro
pria
te to
ols
to p
rese
nt is
sues
and
topi
cs.
PAR
TIA
LL
Y P
RO
FIC
IEN
TPE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
4th
grad
e st
uden
ts a
t the
par
tially
pro
fici
ent p
erfo
rman
ce le
vel,
inpe
rfor
min
g a
task
, req
uire
spe
cifi
c in
stru
ctio
n an
d di
rect
ion
tose
lect
app
ropr
iate
tool
s fo
r in
vest
igat
ing
issu
es a
nd to
pics
. With
assi
stan
ce, s
tude
nts
pres
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
they
hav
e ga
ther
ed.
92
Tec
hnol
ogy
is a
s ol
d as
the
firs
t cru
de to
ol in
vent
ed b
y pr
ehis
tori
c hu
man
s, b
ut to
day'
s te
chno
logy
for
ms
the
basi
s fo
r so
me
of o
urm
ost d
iffi
cult
soci
al c
hoic
es. M
oder
n lif
e as
we
know
it w
ould
be
impo
ssib
le w
ithou
t tec
hnol
ogy
and
the
scie
nce
that
sup
port
s it.
But
tech
nolo
gy b
ring
s w
ith it
man
y qu
estio
ns: I
s ne
w te
chno
logy
alw
ays
bette
r th
an th
at w
hich
it w
ill r
epla
ce?
Wha
t can
we
lear
n fr
omth
e pa
st a
bout
how
new
tech
nolo
gies
res
ult i
n br
oade
r so
cial
cha
nge,
som
e of
whi
ch is
una
ntic
ipat
ed?
How
can
we
cope
with
the
ever
-inc
reas
ing
pace
of
chan
ge, p
erha
ps e
ven
with
the
feel
ing
that
tech
nolo
gy h
as g
otte
n ou
t of
cont
rol?
How
can
we
man
age
tech
nolo
gy s
o th
at th
e gr
eate
st n
umbe
r of
peo
ple
bene
fit f
rom
it?
How
can
we
pres
erve
our
fun
dam
enta
l val
ues
and
belie
fs in
aw
orld
that
is r
apid
ly b
ecom
ing
one
tech
nolo
gy-l
inke
d vi
llage
? T
his
them
e ap
pear
s in
uni
ts o
r co
urse
s de
alin
g w
ith h
isto
ry,
geog
raph
y, e
cono
mic
s, a
nd c
ivic
s an
d go
vern
men
t. It
dra
ws
upon
sev
eral
sch
olar
ly f
ield
s fr
om th
e na
tura
l and
phy
sica
l sci
ence
s,so
cial
sci
ence
s, a
nd th
e hu
man
ities
for
spe
cifi
c ex
ampl
es o
f is
sues
and
the
know
ledg
e ba
se f
or c
onsi
deri
ng r
espo
nses
to th
e so
ciet
alis
sues
rel
ated
to s
cien
ce a
nd te
chno
logy
.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
Akg
93
Glo
ssar
yB
ill o
f R
ight
sFi
rst t
en a
men
dmen
ts to
the
Con
stitu
tion.
Rat
ifie
d in
179
1, th
ese
amen
dmen
ts li
mit
gove
rnm
enta
l pow
er a
nd p
rote
ct b
asic
rig
hts
and
liber
ties
of in
divi
dual
s.
Cul
ture
Dif
fusi
on
Eco
logy
Eco
syst
em
Env
iron
men
t
Eth
nici
ty
Forc
e
Lea
rned
beh
avio
r of
peo
ple,
whi
ch in
clud
es th
eir
belie
f sy
stem
s an
d la
ngua
ges,
thei
r so
cial
rela
tions
hips
, the
ir in
stitu
tions
and
org
aniz
atio
ns, a
nd th
eir
mat
eria
l goo
dsfo
od, c
loth
ing,
build
ings
, too
ls, a
nd m
achi
nes.
The
spr
ead
of p
eopl
e, id
eas,
tech
nolo
gy, a
nd p
rodu
cts
amon
g pl
aces
.
The
stu
dy o
f th
e in
tera
ctio
ns o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s be
twee
n th
emse
lves
, the
ir h
abita
ts, a
nd th
eph
ysic
al e
nvir
onm
ent.
A s
yste
m f
orm
ed b
y th
e in
tera
ctio
n of
all
livin
g or
gani
sms
(pla
nts,
ani
mal
s, h
uman
s) w
ith e
ach
othe
r an
d w
ith th
e ph
ysic
al a
nd c
hem
ical
fac
tors
of
the
envi
ronm
ent i
n w
hich
they
live
.
Eve
ryth
ing
in a
nd o
n E
arth
's s
urfa
ce a
nd it
s at
mos
pher
e w
ithin
whi
ch o
gani
sms,
com
mun
ities
, or
obje
cts
exis
t.
Gro
up o
f pe
ople
that
can
be
iden
tifie
d w
ithin
a la
rger
cul
ture
or
soci
ety
on th
e ba
sis
of s
uch
fact
ors
as r
elig
ion,
anc
estr
y, o
r la
ngua
ge.
The
pow
er o
r en
ergy
in a
pro
cess
, suc
h as
wea
ther
, whi
ch a
ctiv
ates
bot
h m
ovem
ent a
ndfr
ictio
n.
Inte
rdep
ende
nce
Peop
le r
elyi
ng o
n ea
ch o
ther
in d
iffe
rent
pla
ces
or in
the
sam
e pl
ace
for
idea
s, g
oods
, and
serv
ices
.
Lan
dfor
mT
he s
hape
, for
m, o
r na
ture
of
a sp
ecif
ic p
hysi
cal f
eatu
re o
f E
arth
's s
urfa
ce (
e.g.
, pla
in, h
ill,
plat
eau,
mou
ntai
n).
9495
Men
tal M
apA
map
whi
ch r
epre
sent
s th
e m
enta
l im
age
a pe
rson
has
of
an a
rea,
incl
udin
g kn
owle
dge
offe
atur
es a
nd s
patia
l rel
atio
nshi
ps a
s w
ell a
s th
e in
divi
dual
's p
erce
ptio
ns a
nd a
ttitu
des
rega
rdin
g th
e pl
ace.
Non
rene
wab
le R
esou
rce
A f
inite
res
ourc
e th
at c
anno
t be
repl
aced
onc
e it
is u
sed.
(e.
g., p
etro
leum
, min
eral
s).
Plat
e T
ecto
nics
The
theo
ry th
at E
arth
's s
urfa
ce is
com
pose
d of
rig
id s
labs
or
plat
es. T
he d
iver
genc
e,co
nver
genc
e, a
nd s
lippi
ng s
ide-
by-s
ide
of th
e di
ffer
ent p
late
s is
res
pons
ible
for
pre
sent
-day
conf
igur
atio
ns o
f co
ntin
ents
, oce
an b
asin
s, a
nd m
ajor
mou
ntai
n ra
nges
and
val
ley
syst
ems.
Ren
ewab
le R
esou
rce
-- A
res
ourc
e th
at c
an b
e re
gene
rate
d if
use
d ca
refu
lly (
e.g.
, fis
h, ti
mbe
r).
97
96
U.S. Department of EducationOffice of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI)
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