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31CWI R&DUIOtIQ LSFMOTON INFPRUREYATEFtIAis AND CIWIO~iAT5# PAIR I

ZF1'DT OF GAMOA, RADUI&TON ON IMPRAREDTR&NSX=TTNG 1409RIALS AND FILTERS

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Figur* 1 Optical Transmiasion Spectrwa of Corning

In?905 Vycor8

Figure 2 Optial Traamaission Spectrum of warts -

Figure 3 Optioal Transmission Spectrum of Crming ?uedSilica 9

Figure 4 Optical Transmission Spectrum of 0alaivmAluminate Glass 10

Figure Optical Transmisuion Spectra of Arnic 1

Figurt 6 Optical Transmission Spectrum of SeleniumGlass 11

Figure 7 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Magnesia0dde 11

Figur Optial Transmission Spectrum of Sapphire 12

Figure 9 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Silicon 12

Fngure 10 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Dauscki &Lomb Filter 3a 13

Figwe 21 Optical Transmission Spectrui of Bausoh & LambFilter 8173 13

Figure 12 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Bausch & LombFilter 4 14

Figure 13 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Bausch & LombFilter 113M 114

A Figure, 14 Optical Transmission Spectrum of Bausch &LombFilter 8014

Figurv 15 Optical Tranhmission Spectrum of Bausch & LombFilter 8233

ngws 16 Optical Transais ion Spectrum of Bavoh & Lo*1Filter 96 6

?igur 17 Optical TrMiuoesioi Spectrum of Baich & Lob1Filter 794 6

FngwM 18 Optioal Transiss.on Spectrum of BaUreh & LOb_Plter 7899 17

l 9 opical Transmission Spectrum of O*ori% Fiter2.61 17

Ftgwo 20 Optical TTrsax ieon Spectrm of Gaoing Filter li

Fire 21 Optical Tran ssion Spectrum o orni filter 18

rigure 22 optical Trn smission Spectrum of CoT14i Filter 19

ftgue 23 Optdioa2 fransmaisil Spectra of Ponu Fiter

r. 19

Fgwe 24 Optical Trasmssion Spectrum of Jows l1opIa

Filter 20

Ma - OpU4 iclramiesioU $O 0n~w M pwtCeviwHor. 20

LMSO No: WA No: Government Security50114 8723 Classification of Report

Date: No of Pages: Unclassified6-16"51 20

Titleo: Nuclear Radiation Effects on Infrared Materials ondomrponentep Part I& Effects of Gamma Radiation on Infraredrransmittixag Materials and Filters*Author(s): Clyde C. Shaw and R.". RAOgDepartment: Solid State Sleotronice No.Division: Electronics

Author's Do artment Appoval for:Approval Nu Release Only 0 a E an- s

Department Manager -!n - - -- - -- --

Summnary of Report

Results of a survey of cobalt-60 gamn- radiation_effects on the optical properties of it number of

i1nfrared- transmitting -materials -and--f ilters -are-presented*

This study shows that, with few exceptions$ thematerials and filters are intsensi ive to gammiaradiation at a dos age lovel of, 101 roentgens ormore*

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF SUMEARY None

LMSD-

DISTRIBUTION FOR U4CLASSIFIED REPORTS'I_ SOLID STATE ELIZTRONICS DEPARTMENTABSTRACT

PAE FULLONLY PORT STANDARD DISTPTBUTION DT-

1 Chief Scientist, L. N. Ridenour 10-011 - Deputy Chief Scientist, D. T. Perkins 10-011 - Chief Scientist - Staff, K. T. Larkin 10-10- 1 Director, Research and Development Branch, R. Smelt 50-012 - Senior Scientific Advisor, CORIAC, Larmour, Lewis 01-14

Associate Director Spacecraft and Missile Research,- 1 W. C. Griffith 53-01

Associate Director, Communications and Controls Research1 J. P. Nash 54-01

Associate Director, Advanced Systems Research,- 1 S.H. Brown 55-01

1 Manager, Technical Staff, T. Teichmann 50-20Manager, Flight Sciences Division, W. C. Griffith

I - (Acting) 53-10! - Manager, Physics Division, F. C. Hoyt 53-20- 3I Manager, Electronics Research Division, W. F. Main 54-10- Manager, Electronics Application Division,

I De B. HoffmanManager, Mathematics and Information Processing,

1 J. P. Nash (acting) 54-306 1 Manager, Radar and Data Link Department, R. L. Vader 54-118 1 Manager, Electromagnetics Department, E. A. Blasi 54-12

Manager, Solid State Electronics Department,2 1 C. F. Spitzer 54-13

---- 1 - Manager, Computer Development Department, A, 8. Zukin 54-15-Manager, Instrumentation Application Department,

I - De B. Hoffman (acting) 54-201i - Manager, Telecommications Department, J. W. Muehlner 54-22S- Manager, Guidance Department, R. L. Vader (acting) 54-23

20 1 Head, Solid State Devices Section,C. F. Spitzer (acting) 54-13

20 1 Head, Solid State Physics Section, H. N. Leifer 541315 ! Head, Infrared Section, L. H. Chasson 54-1310 1 Head, Electrochemistry Section, M. Eisenberg 54-13-- 6 R&D Technical Information Center 50-91-- I H. E. Shaw, Technical Publications Dept. 50-91-- .I Library: GELAC-- 1 Library: CALAC

Technical Director, Development Division, XA,1 F. W. O'Green 62-10

Technical Director, Development Division, XN,1 F. J. Bednarz 66-10

Technical Director, Development Divisions XP,1 T. J. Anderson 63-30

NUCLIAR RADIATION ZFlUOS ON IVFAR

NATMUALS AND COMPONUTSs AD? I

UFWTOF 0? WA RADITIO c*I Inow=

TSAMWNTZ )%ATMIAL AND MXERIS

The Infrared system designer is confronted vith a number of problm

arising froa interactions of the system with the miramt In which bit

device is required to operate. An iscreasingly Imnportmnt addition to the

Catalog of eniromaital effects is that du. to nuclear radiation. Tho

importance of considering the effects of thias vxcim becomes appareit

whevr the ayma t bdesindto oporate inthe vicizilrof a

source of nuclear radiationk mach an a nuclear power source.

-It-mas iAth- the puzrpose in uind--of-pvdingtthe into-riatcia zul--

to the infrared sat m cesgmer that a &tudy of nucleam radiation ffeaoW

an infrared materia.1s end ceponents was initiated at the Lockheed Missile

S ystem Divieion Research Laboratories*

It is proposed that the recults of this investigation be presented in

a series of reportsp of which this is tb- first. These reports viiU

include gaa=a-ray and neutron radiation damngo to Infrared transmitting

*

naterials, filters and detectors. As new and interesting materials and

components become available the ill be evaluated and the results

included in periodic supplementary reports.

This first report vi l be confined to a study of the effects of

gama- raiation-an the -infrared tranaiai -of optical materials_ ad

infrared fiters. It in presented as a mwvey of a number of useful

infrared materials, rather than as a scientific study or a tutorial

article. For inforution of this character, the reader is referred to a

recent publication by G. J. Diener and G. H. Vineyard, Radiation Effects

i lds4a 1 Interscienee Publbshers, Ino., New York, 1957, and the -.acluded

bibliographq.

Infrared tranu±51onk curres of the optical materials and filters

wen obtained before and after axposure to radiation. In this study a

double-passs csnle-boax Perkin-lmar Model #132 Universal Infrared

Spectromter was used. This instrument employed a globar source# a rock-

salt prisl, and a thermocouple detector with a O~r vindow. The xpe ri-

metal error in determining transmittance as a function of wavelength taes

found to be less than 4%.

The samples were irradiated by exposure to cobalt-60 gamma radiation

in the Lockheed Niasile Systems Division 100 curie facility. Dosmetry

measuremants on this source show that a maximum dose rate of 2 X

roentgens/hr can be obtained for small samles. However, in this study a

2

AN

dose rate of MO5 rootgenu/br va used. Irradiations and spectral trans-

mission meamemets we, all conducted at room temperature.

In addition to the gamma irradiation studies, an available polonium-

beryllua source was used in a low-flux neutron irradiation investigation

of the optical materials. A neutron flux of 0/ca2 se. va obtained

from this soiwce.

Selection of infrared optical materials to be tested n this study

was based cn a mimbeor of factors. Consideration was given to all materials

vith optically useful tranm2AXtances in some region of the infrared

spectrum above 2 microl J however, the ver7 hygroscopic and the Yore

chemically, or ther=lly, unstable sub tances were ruled out.

The aocoManying traramission curves show the percent transmission as

a function of vavelagth for the materials tested. The infrared trans-

- mittanoes- of -ri:,st of -the--substanoes -examined- vere, --for aU-practical

purposes, unaffecte by A total accumlated gamnu dosage of 2 1 107

roentgens. In the interest of caleteness, the cues of all aterials

examined, including those not affected by radiatlon, are shon.

The folloVing infrared materials were studiedt

1) . 1 This product of COning Glass W rks avoids the strong

absorption band at 2.7 microns that is a characteristic of most silica

glasses. A gama dose of 2 I 107 roentgens rendered it opaque in the

visible region of the Mpcotrum, but produced only a very slight

3

depression in its infrared tranvilttanoe. The radiation induced

transmission properties of this mterial# shown to be relative17 stable

below about 2500 0, ma have posible applications an band-pass filters

in the near infrared region.

2) & ost A nmber of amples of oosmroially avAilable quarts (Am*rill

General Elsotrio, ae.) We" e ayedo The post-rradiation& trans..

mission curves shoved the an opacity In the visible region as did the

,) o .lo This atriaW, recently developed by OorTnag Glass Worbk

and claisad to be 100 pus Si02., was apoaod to a tal gams dosage

of 108 roontgns with no observable effects in its infrared transmission

r piopertiss. It hW been suggested that this unique resistance to

radiation damage results from the abseno of impurities normally found

In quats and glass.

- 14 ~Oloim Auu~nte 2*0* Anumber -of -types- of-calcium -eliminate

(M-100lo 110 120 2# 20), supplied by Dausch & Lomb Optical CoMpmy were

studioed, All samples were, within the eperiental error, found to be

unaffected by gum dosages of 07 ro1tgaszis A typical tras.mision

curve is shem.

5)Arsenic Trivt,!Mse03assv Samples of this mterials available frost the

Servo Oorportion of Asteroa under the trade nme "Bew-rofra0x0t sOVd

no ohawie in optical propertios after & 2 X 10 *oetg.n gamm dos.

14

6) Selenium Maye Eastan Kodak Company has reoh!ly dveloped an areoan-

selenium glass with an index of refraction of 2*.4 or higher, md a

transmittance that is optically us ful out to 25 microns.

The aocwceraing curve shows its transmittanoe, which showed no

ohange after 107 roentgens, out to the long-wavelt imit of t0apootrmt r.

7) !w su.oio Samples of )Igo (Periclas) were obtained fr*A Weo

soUrCes. Ligh-purity optical quality arystals splied by the Infraed

Developmnt Owpoa, England# appeared completey resistant to gam

radiation at a dosage level of 2 X 107 roeantge, Hovevor# this dosage

indwed an absorption band rear 2*0 microns in commoer" rad

magnesium aide obtained from Nort-n Coaeny.

8) L, Thin windows of A,203 #uPU d Linde Air Protd .p sd"O,

were eoposed to a gum dosage of 2 X 107 roentgens with no' omarbial

Vwnows of Texa Irstrum InTorporated ftliton remained unoh ed

after 2 X 107 roentgens.

A representative number of various typee of infrared filters were

evaluated with respect to gam radiatio offet**

a5

The spectral tranoeattmnoe of each filter was obtained before and

after oposure to an aocu i ated gamma dosage of 107 roentgens. ithin

lAits of expe r umtl error, the infrared tranwasiom properties of afl

smples tested remained unchanged, both with respect to radatio-induced

infrard absorption bands and detuning effects. Again, infrared trana-

-ssi- ncu orre have be included which plot percent tranwiuamt m as a

notiom of aveolength in airone,

Two types of filters wre =amined. These included Bausch & Lomb

1nterfrane filters, and glass absorptio filter from Corning OIas, The

first type w be obtained either as bandpaso filters or as longavele-gth.

pass filters, Proe oambinzatis of the two types result in composite

c filters with clean, single-band tr muissio h baraterieticis.

Also ahow In thie report axe the tranw asicn crvee of two Itiple-

lv.w l teferfee filters devtloped br R. G. OreeiePlJ)of Johns Hopin

Uhiveeit7, .

With reference to tbe results of the previously metioned lov-flux

noutc Lrradatin stwy, it carn as o svxprise that integrated fluxes of

2 X UPZ0 ca produoed no observable effeots. This phase of the investiga-

tion will be exw ded to include high-flux neutron iradlations*

(1) Om.er* , R. 0., ,. Opt. Sot. qo, 788(l95)s as 130(2957)

6

The ravults of this study show that, with few .excep*4cwi infrared

I optical waterial.s and filters are insenuitive to game radiation at a donage

level of 2. oentgenis or 'ioe. In thoue cases i*are the optical properties

-we gfete4 tw -changes awe not racessarily 4wtrautl. to the operation

of infrared estem. aloying these particular saterials#~ .

A nOtq of cautioni Ath regard to the bavior of saof he

zatw~'*' JA particular substances containing vilica, appears to be I

S order* A study oonduet*4 at the Boeing Airpane Ca~any has U~icated tha

wexto of luminous ewiation from a u~mber of optioal mtoriLU =mr

gemsu banbardwint, It is proposed that this effet vdill be investigate as

Spart of the geiwre2. nulear radi~ation stuidy at a future data#

(2) Barton, J, A. and Steele, H.L., Boeing Rapt D2,.662 (Jan. 11p 1957)

1 7

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