Report Theory

8/3/2019 Report Theory

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TheThe

BureaucracyBureaucracy

Report of: Gina Lee M. SantosReport of: Gina Lee M. Santos



What is a Bureaucracy?

A large organization structured hierarchically to carryout specific functions

Private bureaucracies exist within organizations like corporations

Have a single set of leaders; serve shareholders; driven byprof it motive

Public bureaucracies exist within organizations likegovernments

Typically have multiple sets of leaders (Congress, president, etc.); serve citizens; driven by needs of citizens

Federal bureaucracy grounded in

Artic

le II, Sections 2 and 3

Why bureaucracy? Increasing complexity of society, economy; increasing demands for government responsiveness; Congress does not have time or expertise to oversee administration of all of its statutes; delegates to specialized agencies



Mode

lof Bureaucracy

Weberian model = bureaucracy a response toincreasing social complexity and demands

Hierarchical

Formal procedures

Power flows f rom top down

Advancement on merit

Bureaucrats are specialists, prof essionals

Decisions made based on logical reasoning and data analysis

Acquisitive model = top-level bureaucrats seek greater funding, staff s, and privileges to increase their power

Monopolistic model = bureaucracies are ineff icient and costly; lack competition



Weber Model

Developed by Max Weber

Stated that due to the increasingly complex nature of lif e, coupled with steady growing

demands placed on governments by its citizens made the formation of bureaucracies inevitable

The power in bureaucracy flows f rom the top downward. Bureaucrats are specialists who

attempt to resolve problems through logicalreasoning and data analysis instead of gut f eelings and guesswork.

Advancement based on merit



22± ±55

Weber¶s Ideal Bureaucracy



1. Division of Labor2. Heirarchy of Authority

3. Written Rules and Regulations

4. Impersonality5. Merit Recruitment

6. Security of Job

7. Continuity

8. Written Records

9. Officials don·t own their job

10.Personally free

IV. FEATUR ES OF BUR EAUCR ACY



1. Policy Formulation2. Drafting of Bills

3. Delegated legislation

4. Implementation of laws and policies5. Collection of Revenue

6. Preparation of Budget

7. Auditing

8. Keeping of Accounts

9. General Administration

IV. FUNCTIONS OF BUR EAUCR ACY



Acquisitive Model Top level bureaucrats will always try

to expand or at least to avoid any

reductions in the size of their budget.They want to maximize the size of their budgets and staff

Bureaucrats try to sell their products



Monopolistic Model It is less eff icient and more costly to

operate because the bureaucrats

have no competitors.N

o penalty for chronic eff iciency, they have little reason to adopt cost saving measures or to make more productive use of

resources



Garbage Can Model

Bureaucracies rarely act in anypurposeful or coherent manner but

instead bumble along aimlessly in search of solutions to particular problems

They have little formal organization

Solutions are based on trial and error

Many tries are needed to get desired results



Staffing the Bureaucracy Two categories of bureaucrats =

political appointees and civil servants

Political appointees (patronage)

³Aristocracy´ of the f ederal government

Of ten just f igureheads

Civil Service (permanent) Diff icult to dismiss

Typically less than .1% per year f ired for incompetence





Bureaucrats as Politicians

and Policymakers Enabling legislation ± Congressional statute creating an

agency, purpose, composition, functions, and powers grants agency discretion in carrying out and interpreting laws

R ules, regulations published in Federal Register , with a 60-

day wait before implementation Negotiated rulemaking (1990) ± allows those aff ected by

new rule, regulation to participate in rule-draf ting process

Iron triangles ± three-way alliance between legislators, bureaucrats, and interest groups to preserve, make policies that benef it their respective interests

Issue networks ± group of individuals or organizations (legislators, staff , interest groups, bureaucrats, media, scholars, etc.) that supports a particular policy position



Congressional Control of

the Bureaucracy Power of the purse

Authorizing funds

Appropriating funds

Congressional investigations,hearings, and review (oversight) General Accounting Off ice

Congressional Budget Off ice

Congressional Review Act (1996) ±special procedure used to express Congressional disapproval of particular agencies actions



PHILIPPINEPHILIPPINE BUREAUCRATICBUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR

1.1.Conformity to policies.Conformity to policies.

2.2.Preference toward continuity andPreference toward continuity and

routinizationroutinization..3.3.Loss of self Loss of self--direction or self direction or self--assertion.assertion.

4.4.Politically supportive.Politically supportive.

TheThe behavior behavior of of humanhuman beingsbeings isis largely largely

influenced influenced by by thethe structurestructure and and functionfunction of of thethe

social social organizationsorganizations inin whichwhich they they livelive.. --CarderoCardero And And PanibioPanibio



TheThe FilipinosFilipinos::

areare statusstatus--orientedoriented

bahala bahala na na, ,

saka saka na na, ,awaawa(pity),(pity),

amor amor propio propio (self (self--esteem),esteem),

GreedGreed

lazinesslaziness

ignoranceignorance



CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPIPPINECHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPIPPINE BUREAUCRACY BUREAUCRACY

1.1.Vulnerability to nepotism.Vulnerability to nepotism.2.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system.Perpetuation of the spoils system.3.3.Apathetic public reaction toApathetic public reaction to bureaucraticbureaucratic

4.4.Availability of external peaceful means of Availability of external peaceful means of bureaucraticbureaucratic weaknesses.weaknesses.

5.Survival of historical experience.5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non6.Non--special typing of special typing of bureaucratsbureaucrats..7.Lack of independence f rom politics.7.Lack of independence f rom politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.8.Essential instruments of social change.



THANK YOU!!!THANK YOU!!!

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