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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 Report of the Committee on

Forest and Rural Fire Protection

Randall K. Bradley, ChairLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA [U]

John E. Bunting, SecretaryNew Boston Fire Department, NH [U]

Lynn R. Biddison, Fire-Trol Holdings LLC, AZ [IM] James D. Bowman, American Forest & Paper Association, WA [M] Rep. American Forest & Paper Association Martin P. Carrier, Carrier Business Advisory Services, Ltd., NH [U] Rep. National Volunteer Fire Council Donald C. Freyer, Warner Robins, GA [SE] Charles W. George, IFSC Consultants, MT [SE] Victoria (Tory) Henderson, USDA Forest Service, ID [E] Rep. USDA Forest Service Mitchell Hubert, Tyco International/Ansul Inc., WI [M] Cecilia W. Johnson, USDA Forest Service, MT [RT] Rep. USDA Forest Service Gregory Kozey, Kochek Company, Inc., CT [M] Kenneth J. Miller, II, County of San Diego, CA [E] William M. Neville, Jr., Neville Associates, CA [SE] Martin J. Pabich, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] Peter T. Schwab, Wayne Automatic Fire Sprinklers, Inc., FL [IM] Herbert A. Spitzer, Jr., Spitzer’s Fire & Environmental Consulting, OR [SE] Alan D. Stovall, State of California, CA [U] Edward F. Straw, Insurance Services Office, Inc., GA [I] Howard L. Vandersall, Lawdon Fire Services, Inc., CA [SE] James T. Wooters, Mizelle, Hodges and Associates Inc., GA [SE]

Alternates

Kerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] (Alt. to Martin J. Pabich) James A. Burns, New York Department of State, NY [E] (Voting Alt. to IFMA Rep.) Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Robert L. Crouch, Fire-Trol Holdings LLC, AZ [IM] (Alt. to Lynn R. Biddison) Jack K. Johnson, Alamosa Fire Department, CO [U] (Alt. to Martin P. Carrier) Peter Matulonis, Tyco Safety Products, IL [M] (Alt. to Mitchell Hubert) William E. (Ruddy) Mell, US National Institute of Standards & Technology, MD [RT] (Voting Alt. to NIST Rep.) Ralph E. Steinhoff, County of San Diego, CA [E] (Alt. to Kenneth J. Miller, II) David P. Tyree, American Forest & Paper Association, CO [M] (Alt. to James D. Bowman)

Staff Liaison: James C. Smalley

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on fire protection for rural, suburban, forest, grass, brush, and tundra areas. This Committee shall also have primary responsibility for documents on Class A foam and its utilization for all wildland and structural fire fighting. This excludes fixed fire protection systems.

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book.

The Technical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire Protection is presenting two Reports for adoption, as follows:

Report I: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, a complete revision to NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection in Planned Building Groups, 2003 edition. NFPA 1141 is published in Volume 11 of the 2006 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

When adopted this document will be redesignated as NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development.

The report on NFPA 1141 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire Protection, which consists of 22 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report.

Report II: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, a complete revision to NFPA 1144, Standard for Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire 2002 edition. NFPA 1144 is published in Volume 11 of the 2006 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

When adopted this document will be redesignated as NFPA 1144, Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire.

The report on NFPA 1144 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire Protection, which consists of 22 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report.

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-1 Log #CP2 Final Action: Accept (Entire Document) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Technical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire Protection, Recommendation: Completely revise NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection in Planned Building Groups, to include a title change to Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development. See draft at the end of this report. Substantiation: The Technical Committee has revised the document to apply to situations where land use is changing from one use to another use, often resulting in the need to install infrastructure to support the new use. Typically this is where undeveloped land is being developed for residential or commercial use. With the existing document, the concept of planned building groups was misunderstood and sometimes misapplied. In suburban and rural areas, land use change and development can impact the fire department by significantly increasing the demand for service. To allow the fire department to provide service to these areas, it is important that roads, fire lanes, water supplies and other infrastructure be installed. The revised standard establishes the requirement for this infrastructure. Areas where land use change is occurring are often located in jurisdictions where fire and building codes have not been adopted, or where only limited fire services are available. Because of this limited service, this standard addresses some basic fire protection requirements which, in some cases, may exceed other nationally recognized standards covering the same subject. The application of this standard will modify the new hazards to reduce their impact on municipal services. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 20 Negative: 1 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. Explanation of Negative: BOWMAN, J.: This proposal has both structural and NFPA procedural problems. In reviewing any standard proposal, the accepted consensus procedures dictate that the underline and strikeout protocol be employed. In the case of the proposed drafts for NFPA 1141 and 1144 standards, the titles and scopes have undergone a complete restructuring and rewrite which, in the context of comparing language with the 2003 edition, would make strikeout of the 2003 edition impractical and of limited value. This is the justification that was pursued by staff and the committee. The 1141 and 1144 drafts, as presented, demonstrate the new separation of requirements under the topics of infrastructure and building structure between the two standards, respectively. However, somewhere in this process, the committee and staff failed to define and compare the wholesale technical changes that have been incorporated. The committee has a responsibility to collectively illustrate the technical changes from the 2003 editions of the 1141 and 1144 standards and provide cross references where requirements have shifted from one of the standards to the other. In a number of areas, the revised language is more restrictive and creates a challenge even for the committee members to track and consider changes - much less the public that will be called upon to provide a credible review of proposals during the public comment period. Many of the new requirements are overly restrictive and have not been justified by definitive fire data. Comparing these requirements with those recently adopted in California through broad participation of all stakeholders clearly shows the excessive restrictions in 1141 and 1144. It was noteworthy that NFPA staff reported at the Sacramento Committee meeting that “Firewise” communities in Hawaii and Wisconsin were subjected to wildfires and weathered them very well. Since the “Firewise” program is fundamentally based on the less restrictive, current provisions of the 1141 and 1144 standards, it calls into question the committee justification for a dramatic ramp up of requirements when the current provisions are proving to be adequate. The Committee needs to reflect a more-is-not-always-better philosophy and serve the public in the best possible way by diligently justifying needs for all specific changes through hard fire data. When “Firewise” communities perform well, the committee should weigh the need for specific changes - or keep the status quo where it can be justified. To do otherwise with this far-reaching standard will unnecessarily impede the economy and the ability to construct cost-effective buildings - while not materially increasing public fire safety. The ramped up requirements in this draft - while not materially increasing public fire safety. The ramped up requirements in this draft - many of which won’t be apparent to the public without developing a clear illustrative matrix by the committee - are not justified. Following is one example from the 1141-1 proposal draft standard that illustrates a substantive technical change (including comments) that has been made without any tracking for the public review: Example: Section 7.1 Sprinklers systems Fundamentally, sprinkler systems are excluded from the scope of work for this committee which should be cause for rejection. Taken from the NFPA web site: NFPA Forest and Rural Fire Protection Committee Scope: This committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on fire protection for rural, suburban, forest, grass and tundra areas. This committee shall also have

primary responsibility for documents on Class A foam and its utilization for all wildland and structural fire fighting. This excludes fixed fire protection systems. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-2 Log #16 Final Action: Reject (1.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise Section 1.1. Scope and 1.2.1 Purpose as follows: 1.1 Scope. 1.1.1 This standard applies to planned building groups in suburban and rural areas that do not have an adopted building and fire prevention code in place. the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determines would be impacted by one or more of the following during a fire: limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. 1.1.2* This standard applies to new planned building groups in jurisdictions that do not have an adopted building and fire prevention code in place . If the authority having jurisdiction determines that additions to existing structures or new structures negatively impact the fire hazard of the overall building group, the necessary requirements of this standard shall be imposed. This standard does not apply to farms or to mobile home or recreational vehicle parks. 1.2 Purpose. 1.2.1* The purpose of this standard is to reduce the impact of a fire in a planned building group in suburban and rural areas where an adopted building and fire prevention code is not in place. there might be limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. Substantiation: A question that continually comes up with NFPA 1141 is: “What void is this document attempting fill?” Based on an evaluation of this standard, it appears that it is attempting to provide guidance and minimal design guidelines in jurisdictions that do not have a fire or building code to fall back on. The language proposed will clarify this intent and eliminate conflicts in jurisdictions with the model fire and building already in place. In addition, the terms proposed for strikeout are undefined, difficult to quantify and create confusion as to the proper application and enforcement of the document. All “fire department resources” are “limited.” All “water supplies” are also “limited.” “Delayed alarms” can happen in any fire scenario. All “access” is also “limited” by some constraint. A large number of buildings or structures have some sort of “unusual characteristics.” The current language does not add additional value to the standard in limiting the scope or understanding the purpose. (This proposal matches the proposal with similar language adding a new application line.) Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee has changed the focus of the document and the proposed change is no longer applicable. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-3 Log #40 Final Action: Reject (1.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise section 1.1 Scope, 1.2 Purpose and add a new section 1.3 Application, 1.4 Equivalency as follows: 1.1 Scope. 1.1.1 This standard applies to addresses construction, site design, protection and occupancy features of planned building groups in suburban and rural areas that the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determines would be impacted by one or more of the following during a fire: limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. 1.1.2* This standard applies to new planned building groups. If the authority having jurisdiction determines that additions to existing structures or new structures negatively impact the fire hazard of the overall building group, the necessary requirements of this standard shall be imposed. This standard does not apply to farms or to mobile home or recreational vehicle parks. 1.2 Purpose. 1.2.1* The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum design standards to reduce the impact of a fire in a planned building group in suburban and rural areas where there might be limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. 1.2.2 This standard shall not be construed as prohibiting better construction or planning features that will materially improve fire protection. 1.2.3 It is anticipated that the authority having jurisdiction shall use recognized fire protection measures to meet local conditions since this standard does not set forth general fire protection features or procedures addressed in other codes or standards. 1.2.4 When unusual local conditions exist, the authority having jurisdiction shall determine equivalent requirements that provide a level of protection no

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 less than would be afforded by full compliance with this standard. 1.2.5 Where a provision of any other standard, code, law, or regulation recognized by the authority having jurisdiction is in conflict with this standard, the more restrictive provision shall apply. 1.3 Application. 1.3.1 Buildings and Structures. This standard applies to the construction, site design, protection and occupancy features of planned building groups in suburban and rural areas that the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determines would be impacted by one or more of the following during a fire: limited water supply, limited fire department resources, extended fire department response time, delayed alarms, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. 1.3.2 Moved Buildings and Structures. The provision of this standard shall apply to buildings and structures moved into or within the jurisdiction. 1.3.3 Existing Buildings. If the authority having jurisdiction determines that additions to existing structures or new structures negatively impact the fire hazard of the overall building group, the necessary requirements of this standard shall be imposed. 1.3.4 Farms, Mobile Homes or Recreational Vehicle Parks. This standard does not apply to farms or to mobile home or recreational vehicle parks. 1.3.5 Referenced Standards. 1.3.5.1 Details regarding processes, methods, specifications, equipment testing and maintenance, design standards, performance, installation, or other pertinent criteria contained in those standards and codes listed in Chapter 2 of this Standard shall be considered a part of this Standard. 1.3.5.2 Where no applicable codes, standards, or requirements are set forth in this Standard or contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances, or bylaws adopted by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), compliance with applicable codes and standards of NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) or other nationally recognized standards as are approved shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this Standard. 1.3.5.3 Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the AHJ to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the AHJ’s responsibility. 1.3.6 Conflicts. Where a provision of any other standard, code, law, or regulation recognized by the authority having jurisdiction is in conflict with this standard, the more restrictive provision shall apply. 1.4 Equivalency. 1.4.1 General. Nothing in this Standard shall be intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this Standard. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). 1.4.2 Approval of Alternatives. Alternative systems, methods, or devices approved as equivalent by the authority having jurisdiction shall be recognized as being in compliance with this Standard. 1.4.3 Permitted Alternatives. The provisions of this Standard shall not be construed to prevent the use of construction systems, materials, or methods of design, or interpolations, calculations, evaluations, or similar evidence based on test data acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, as alternatives to the standards and provisions set forth in this Standard. 1.4.4 Standards. Construction systems, materials, or methods of design referred to in this Code shall be considered as standards of quality and strength. New or alternative construction systems, materials, or methods of design shall be at least equal to, and shall meet the intent of, these standards for the corresponding use intended. 1.4.5 Systems, Materials, and Methods. Any person desiring to use construction systems, materials, or methods of design not specifically mentioned in this Standard shall file with the authority having jurisdiction a request for permission to use such systems, materials, or methods. Where alternative construction systems or materials are requested, the request shall be submitted with documentation, in writing, that supports claims of the sufficiency of such construction systems or materials. If a test installation is proposed, a description of the location and purpose of the test also shall be submitted. 1.4.6 Approval. The authority having jurisdiction shall approve alternative construction systems, materials, or methods of design when it is substantiated that the standards of this Standard are at least equaled. If, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, the standards of this Standard are not equaled by the alternative requested, approval for permanent work shall be refused. Consideration shall be given to test or prototype installations. 1.4.7 Unusual Local Conditions. When unusual local conditions exist, the authority having jurisdiction shall determine equivalent requirements that provide a level of protection no less than would be afforded by full compliance with this standard. Substantiation: This proposal revises the layout of Chapter 1 for better readability and consistency with other NFPA standards. The core requirements contained in the original Scope and Purpose are maintained. However, additional language is added in equivalencies and applications sections to better clarify the intent of these sections and address typical conditions confronted by the AHJ. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee has changed the focus of the document and the proposed change is no longer applicable.

Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-4 Log #15 Final Action: Reject (1.1, 1.1.1 and 3.3.x Adequate and Reliable Municipal-Type Water Supply (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise the Section 1.1 and 1.1.1 and add a new definition to Section 3.3 as follows: 1.1 Scope. 1.1 .1 This standard identifies a method of determining the minimum requirements for alternative water supplies for structural fire-fighting purposes in areas where the authority having jurisdiction determines that adequate and reliable municipal-type water supply systems for fire-fighting purposes do not otherwise exist. 1.1.2 An adequate and reliable municipal type water supply is one that is sufficient every day of the year to control and extinguish anticipated fires in the municipality, particular building, or building group served by the water supply. 3.3 Adequate and Reliable Municipal-Type Water Supply. A piped water distribution system with sufficient capacity and flow every day of the year to control and extinguish anticipated fires in the jurisdiction, particular building, or building group served by the distribution system. Substantiation: The current 1.1.2 is really a definition and should be relocated to that section. The definition is revised to add the terms “piped” and changed “supply” to “distribution.” Section 1.1.1 is revised to clarify that the type of water supply that removes a development from the document scope is a “municipal-type” water supply. Otherwise, a dry hydrant system or ground storage tanks would meet the current scope of a adequate and reliable water supply and NFPA 1142 would not apply. We do not believe that this is the intent of the document scope. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: This proposal does not apply to NFPA 1141. It should have been submitted to NFPA 1142. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-5 Log #17 Final Action: Reject (1.3 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new application section in Chapter 1 with the following application language and annex language: 1.X.X. Application. This Standard is intended to be utilized in jurisdictions that do not have an adopted building code or fire prevention code. A.1.X.X. This standard is intended to be used as a guide to AHJ’s in jurisdictions that do not have an adopted building or fire prevention code that already covers the issues addressed in this standard. This standard will provide minimal guidance in the design of larger scale developments in those jurisdictions that do not already have regulations in place. It is not intended to be utilized in jurisdictions were the topics in this standard are already adequately covered by a model fire or building code. Substantiation: A question that continually comes up with NFPA 1141 is: “What void is this document attempting fill?” Based on an evaluation of this standard, it appears that it is attempting to provide guidance and minimal design guidelines in jurisdictions that do not have a fire or building code to fall back on. The language proposed will clarify this intent and eliminate conflicts in jurisdictions with the model fire and building already in place. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee has changed the focus of the document. The document now deals with the infrastructure needed to support fire protection in suburban and rural areas where land use is changing. The committee has deferred to other codes and standards where appropriate. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-6 Log #CP1 Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (Chapter 3 Definitions (GOT)) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Technical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire Protection, Recommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary of Terms for the following terms: Alternative. (preferred) NFPA 1144, 2002 ed. A system, condition, arrangement, material, or equipment submitted to the authority having jurisdiction as a substitute for a requirement in a standard. Alternative. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A system, condition, arrangement, material, or equipment submitted for approval to the authority having jurisdiction and the fire chief as a substitute for a code requirement. Basement. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. Story of a building wholly below grade or partly below and partly above grade, located so that the vertical distance from grade to the floor below is greater than the vertical distance from grade to the floor above. Basement. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A story with more than 50 percent of its cubic volume below the average adjacent ground level. Building. (preferred) BOILER: NFPA 101, 2003 ed. A permanent structure with a roof and walls that is used to enclose an occupancy. Building. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. Any structure used or intended for supporting any occupanc Combustible. (preferred) BOILER: NFPA 220, 2005 ed. Capable of reacting with oxygen and burning if ignited. Combustible. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. Any material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will ignite and burn or will add appreciable heat to an ambient fire. Dry Hydrant. (preferred) NFPA 1144, 2002 ed. An arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water supply for fire-fighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of fire department pumpers. Dry Hydrant. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A permanent piping system, normally a drafting source, that provides access to a water source other than a municipal-type water system. Dwelling. (preferred) NFPA 13D, 2002 ed. Any building that contains not more than one or two dwelling units intended to be used, rented, leased, let, or hired out to be occupied or that are occupied for habitation purposes. Dwelling. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A single unit providing complete and independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. Fire Department . (preferred) NFPA 1002, 2003 ed. An organization providing rescue, fire suppression, and related activities, including any public, governmental, private, industrial, or military organization engaging in this type of activity. Fire Department. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. The governmental or other organization that is responsible for providing fire protection services to an area Fire Hazard. (preferred) NFPA 914, 2001 ed. Any situation, process, material, or condition that, on the basis of applicable data, can cause a fire or explosion or that can provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of a fire or explosion, all of which pose a threat to life or property. Fire Hazard. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. Any situation, process, material, or condition that, on the basis of applicable data, can cause a fire or an explosion or provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of the fire or explosion and that poses a threat to life or the property of others. Fire Lane. (preferred) NFPA 1, 2000 ed. The road or other means developed to allow access and operational setup for fire-fighting and rescue apparatus. Fire Lane. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A means of access or other passageway designated and identified to provide access for emergency apparatus where parking is not allowed. Fire Protection. (preferred) NFPA 801, 2003 ed. Methods of providing for fire control or fire extinguishment. Fire Protection. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. All measures taken to reduce the burden of fire on the quality of life. Fire protection includes measures such as fire prevention, fire suppression, built-in fire protection systems, and planning and building codes. Gross Floor Area. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features. Gross Floor Area. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. The area of a building under the roof, multiplied by the number of floors, including the basement. Noncombustible. (preferred) BOILER: NFPA 80, 1999 ed. Not capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire.

Noncombustible. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. Any material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite and burn nor will add appreciable heat to an ambient fire. Occupancy. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. The purpose for which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used. Occupancy. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. The purpose for which a building, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used Risk. (preferred) NFPA 1451, 2002 ed. A measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects that result from an exposure to a hazard. Risk. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. The chance of a fire starting from any cause. Roadway. (preferred) NFPA 502, 2004 ed. The volume of space that is located above the pavement surface through which motor vehicles travel. Roadway. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. Any public or private street, including bridges. Standpipe. (preferred) NFPA 14, 2003 ed. The vertical portion of the system piping that delivers the water supply for hose connections, and sprinklers on combined systems, vertically from floor to floor. The term standpipe can also refer to the horizontal portion of the system piping that delivers the water supply for two or more hose connections, and sprinklers on combined systems, on a single level. Standpipe. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. A pipe and attendant hose valves and hose (if provided) used for conveying water to various parts of a building for fire-fighting purposes. Story. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. The portion of a building located between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above. Story. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. That portion of a building between the upper surface of the floor and the upper surface of the next floor above. Structure. (preferred) NFPA 5000, A2002 ed. That which is built or constructed and limited to buildings and nonbuilding structures as defined herein. Structure. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. That which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner. Wildland Fire. (preferred) NFPA 1051, 2002 ed. An unplanned fire burning in vegetative fuels. Wildland Fire. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. An unplanned and uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels, at times involving structures. Wildland/Urban Interface . (preferred)NFPA 1143, 2003 ed. Any area where wildland fuels threaten to ignite combustible homes and structures. Wildland/Urban Interface. (secondary) NFPA 1141, 2003 ed. An area where improved property and wildland fuels meet at a well-defined boundary. Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by providing consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire Codes. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Delete the definition of “alternative.” Delete the definition of “basement.” Revise the definition of “building” to read: “A structure, usually enclosed by walls and a roof, constructed to provide support or shelter for an intended occupancy.” Use the preferred definition of “combustible.” Delete the definition of “dry hydrant.” Revise the term “dwelling” to “dwelling unit” and define it as: “One or more rooms arranged for complete, independent housekeeping purposes, with space for eating, living, and sleeping; facilities for cooking; and provisions for sanitation.” Revise the definition of “fire department” to read: “The governmental or other organization that is responsible for providing fire protection and other emergency services to an area.” Revise the definition of “fire hazard” to read: “Any situation, process, material, or condition that, on the basis of applicable data, can cause a fire or explosion or that can provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of a fire or explosion, all of which pose a threat to life or property.” Retain the current definition of “fire lane.” Retain the current definition of “fire protection.” Revise the definition of “gross floor area” to read: “The floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for basements, hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features.” Use the preferred definition of “noncombustible.” Revise the definition of “occupancy” to read: “The purpose for which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used.” Delete the definition of “risk.”

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 Retain the definition of “roadway.” Retain the current definition of “standpipe.” Revise the definition of “story” to read: “The portion of a building located between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above.” Retain the current definition of “structure.” Revise the definition of “wildland fire” to read as follows: An unplanned and uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels, at times involving structures, including any structures or other improvements thereon. Delete the definition of “Wildland/Urban interface.” Committee Statement: Alternative – the term is no longer used in the document. Basement – the term no longer needs to be defined in the document. Building – the committee is using the definition from NFPA 5000 except in the singular rather than plural. Combustible - the committee is using the preferred definition. Dry hydrant – the term is no longer used in the document. Dwelling unit – the committee is using the definition from NFPA 5000. Fire department – the preferred definition is not appropriate as fire departments provide services, not activities. The committee has broadened the definition it is using to include “other emergency services” as fire departments today provide emergency services beyond just fire protection. Fire hazard – the committee is accepting the preferred definition. Fire lane – the committee feels the concept of parking not being allowed should be reflected in the definition. Fire protection – the definition in the standard is more complete and appropriate for the term as used. Gross floor area – the committee is accepting the preferred definition but adding the word “basement” so there is no misunderstanding that basement areas are included. Noncombustible – the committee is using the preferred definition. Occupancy – the committee is accepting the preferred definition. Risk – The term “risk” is not longer used in the document. Roadway – the preferred definition deals with a tunnel and is not appropriate for NFPA 1141. Standpipe – the current definition is adequate for the term as used in the standard. An annex to the definition refers readers to NFPA 14 if they want more information on standpipe systems. Story – the committee is accepting the preferred definition. Structure – the preferred definition of structure has a reference internal to the document it is from and as such is not appropriate for use in NFPA 1141. Wildland fire – the preferred definition does not address the fact that when a wildland fire spreads to involve structures on that land, it is still a wildland fire. Wildland/Urban Interface – the term is no longer used in the document. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-7 Log #18 Final Action: Reject (3.3.6 Basement) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise 3.3.6, Basement definition as follows extracting from NFPA 5000: 3.3.6 Basement. Story of a building wholly below grade or partly below and partly above grade, located so that the vertical distance from grade to the floor below is greater than the vertical distance from grade to the floor above. [5000:3.3] Substantiation: The definition of basement is inconsistent with other NFPA documents. Extract text from NFPA 5000 to match. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The definition is being removed from the document. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-8 Log #19 Final Action: Accept in Principle (3.3.10 Dwelling Unit) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise 3.3.10, Dwelling definition as follows extracting from NFPA 5000: 3.3.10 Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms arranged for the use of one or more individuals living together, providing complete, independent living facilities, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. Substantiation: The definition of Dwelling is inconsistent with other NFPA documents. Extract text from NFPA 5000 to match. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise the term “dwelling” to “dwelling unit” and define it as: “One or more rooms arranged for complete, independent housekeeping purposes, with space for eating, living, and sleeping; facilities for cooking; and provisions for sanitation.”

Committee Statement: The Committee is using the definition from NFPA 5000 for dwelling unit which is slightly different from the definition submitted. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-9 Log #21 Final Action: Reject (3.3.x Fire Department Access Road (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new definition as follows and revise appropriate references to the definition: 3.3.x Fire Department Access Road. The road or other means developed to allow access and operational setup for fire-fighting and rescue apparatus. Substantiation: Provides consistency with NFPA 1 and current NFPA terminology regarding fire apparatus access. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The term is not used in the document. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-10 Log #20 Final Action: Reject (3.3.17 Fire Lane) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise 3.3.17 as follows: 3.3.17 Fire Lane. A fire department apparatus access road that is marked to prohibit parking or obstructions. A means of access or other passageway designated and identified to provide access for emergency apparatus where parking is not allowed. Substantiation: Provides consistency with NFPA 1 and current NFPA terminology regarding fire apparatus access. See proposal with new definition for “Fire Department Apparatus Access Road.” Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee feels that introducing the term “fire department access road” will be confusing as a fire lane may or may not be a road. This standard has specific requirement for a road and all fire lanes do not need to meet those requirement. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-11 Log #36 Final Action: Reject (3.3.20 Fire Resistant Construction) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: James Everitt, Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise to read: 3.3.20 Ignition Fire Resistant Materials Construction . Materials Construction designed to offer reasonable protection against fire. Substantiation: Changes the definition to correspond to the new terminology used for this type of material. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The term has been deleted as it is no longer used in the document. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-12 Log #14 Final Action: Reject (Chapter 5) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Change the title of Chapter 5 to read: Chapter 5 to Access, Ingress, Egress, and Evacuation. Substantiation: The title change better addresses what is covered in the chapter. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee disagrees that changing the title better addresses what is covered. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-13 Log #1 Final Action: Reject (5.1.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise 5.1.1 to read: 5.1.1 Means of access for fire department apparatus emergency responders shall consist of roadways, fire lanes, parking lot lanes, or a combination thereof, and shall be provided to all structures. Substantiation: The access is for more than fire department use including ambulances, police and other emergency responders. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The paragraph has been changed and the suggested text is no longer applicable. See 5.1.2 in the draft. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-14 Log #2 Final Action: Accept in Principle (5.1.4) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new 5.1.4 to read: 5.1.4 Roads shall be designed and constructed to allow evacuation simultaneously with emergency response operations. (1144:5.1.2) Substantiation: The proposed text is extracted from NFPA 1144 for consistency. The design of roads needs to take into account emergency access and evacuation. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See revised chapter 5. Committee Statement: The committee feels it has addressed this issue in the rewrite of the chapter 5. Also, the suggested text is being deleted from NFPA 1144 as the focus of that document is being changed. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-15 Log #4 Final Action: Reject (5.2.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace 5.2.1 with the following: 5.2.1 Roads shall be designed, constructed, and maintained to accommodate the load and turning radius of the largest apparatus typically used to respond to that location. (1144:5.1.5) Substantiation: The language from NFPA 1144 has been extracted as proposed text for consistency between documents. Instead of the prescriptive text we suggest that the text be performance oriented and based on the needs of the department. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee feels the road should be designed for the legal weight limits of the jurisdiction. Turning radius dimensions in the draft are based on the largest fire apparatus with slight room for increased size. Designing roads to handle the weight of today’s fire apparatus may make them obsolete for future apparatus and infrastructure cannot be expanded just because fire apparatus gets bigger or heavier. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-16 Log #3 Final Action: Reject (5.2.1 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new 5.2.1 to read: 5.2.1 One way roads shall have a minimum clear width of 18 feet excluding shoulders and parking. Provisions shall be made for factors that could impinge on the minimum width – for example, drainage, snow removal, parking, and utilities. Substantiation: One way roads need to be a minimum of 18 ft to permit fire apparatus to set up and operate and still permit apparatus to pass. The 18 ft is a tight fit for operations and passing but it is a start as usually roads permit two way travel and the other lane can be used for passing. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee feels that width as required by the standard is adequate for roads. See 5.3.7 which allows the AHJ to require additional width on fire lanes when necessary to support potential operations. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-17 Log #5 Final Action: Reject (5.2.2) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace 5.2.2 to read: 5.2.2* Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire department access road shall be as approved by the AHJ. (1: 18.2.2.5.3) 5.2.2.1* Dead Ends. Dead-end fire department access roads in excess of 150 ft (46 m) in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus no greater than every 500 ft and at the closed end.

Substantiation: The language from 1UFC has been extracted as proposed text for consistency between documents. Instead of the prescriptive text we suggest that the text be performance oriented and based on the needs of the department. Due to the potential for long dead-end roads there needs to be provisions for fire apparatus to turn around without having to travel for miles to find a turnaround. Turnarounds would be provided every 500 ft to permit turning around at specific intervals.

Figure A.5.2.2

Figure A.5.2.2.1

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: NFPA 1141, because of the scope of the document, has requirements for both roadways and fire lanes. A fire lane may or may not be the same travel path as the road. See 5.3.8 for turning radius of fire lanes which prescribes a minimum of 50 ft radius but could be greater if fire apparatus is expected to require more. The committee has tried to balance the fire department operational needs with the cost of land and construction to provide for a reasonable level of operational flexibility. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-18 Log #6 Final Action: Reject (5.2.4 and 5.2.5) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 with the following: 5.2.4 Grade. 5.2.4.1 The gradient for a fire department access road shall not exceed the maximum approved. (1:18.2.2.5.6.1) 5.2.4.2* The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire department access shall not exceed 1 ft drop in 20 ft (0.3 m drop in 6 m), and the design limitations of the fire apparatus of the fire department shall be subject to approval by the AHJ. (1:18.2.2.5.6.2) A.5.2.4.2 The design limits of fire department apparatus should take into account mutual aid companies and other response agencies that might respond to emergencies. (1:A.18.2.2.5.6.2) Substantiation: We have suggested replacing the existing text with that extracted from 1 UFC for consistency. Instead of the prescriptive text we suggest that the text be performance oriented and based on the needs of the department. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: See 5.3.9 which references 5.2.5. The Committee feels a maximum grade should be established with an allowance for the AHJ to allow exceptions if there are mitigation measures in effect. 10 percent grades become difficult for fire fighters to work on and may require special arrangements on fire apparatus if the apparatus is going to operate stationary on such grades. The angle of approach and the angle of departure for fire apparatus designed to NFPA 1901 needs to be 8 degrees and that is the rational for limiting 5.3.11 to 8 degrees. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-19 Log #7 Final Action: Accept in Part (5.2.10 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new 5.2.10 to read: 5.2.10 Bridges. 5.2.10.1 When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department access road, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with nationally recognized standards. (1: 18.2.2.5.5.1) 5.2.10.2 The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. (1: 18.2.2.5.5.2) 5.2.10.3 Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by the AHJ. (1: 18.2.2.5.5.3) Substantiation: There needs to be provisions on how to deal with bridges in roads etc. The text has been extracted from 1 UFC for consistency. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Part See 5.2.14 which adds the text suggested as 5.2.10.3. Committee Statement: The Committee is requiring roadways (which includes bridges by definition) to be designed for the legal load limits of the jurisdiction (See 5.2.2). This establishes design criteria that will be good into the future, not something based on the weight of fire apparatus today. With regard to proposed 5.2.10.1, where one standard references another standard, the reference should be to a specific standard by title and edition. What nationally recognized standards? The submitter is encouraged to suggest the standards that should be referenced. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-20 Log #22 Final Action: Reject (5.4.8.1 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new 5.4.8.1 as follows: 5.4.8.1 Gates which are designed to open in the direction of intended lane travel are permitted. Substantiation: The current language in 5.4.8 requires that gates shall not open outward. This is not always possible or a good design. Many gates designs are split so that there is one gate for each direction of travel. The new language in 5.4.8.1 recognizes this type of design. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The intent of a fire lane is to allow access to an area or building. Paragraph 5.3.15.1 requires the gate to open away from the road to allow easy access during response. If a fire lane and a public or private road are one and the same, the gates in the exit lane can open in the direction of travel for the exiting. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-21 Log #8 Final Action: Accept in Principle (5.4.10) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace 5.4.10 with the following: 5.4.10* Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Road. Where required by the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire department access roads to identify such roads, or prohibit the obstruction thereof, or both. (1:18.2.2.5.7)

Figure A.5.4.10

Substantiation: We have suggested replacing the existing text with that extracted from 1 UFC for consistency. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See 5.3.17 of the draft. Committee Statement: The Committee feels it has addressed the issue of posting signs for fire lanes and that signs should always be posted. It does not feel it necessary to show examples of signs. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-22 Log #9 Final Action: Accept in Principle (5.5 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new Section 5.5 to read: 5.5 Signs. 5.5.1* Roads, fire service access, dwellings, and commercial structures shall be identified by a consistent identification system that provides for sequenced or patterned numbering and nonduplicated naming within each jurisdiction. (1144: 5.6.1) A. 5.5.1 The United States Postal Service and regional “911” emergency services systems could have requirements for these signs. All such signs should be coordinated with Section 5.5. (1144: A.5.6.1) 5.5.1.1 In cases where the AHJ is not a fire department, the fire department shall be consulted prior to the issuance of the name and/or number. (1144: 5.6.1.1) 5.5.1.2 All letters, numbers, and symbols shall be a minimum of 102 mm (4 in.) in height, with a 12.7-mm (½-in.) stroke, and shall be reflectorized and contrasting with the background color of the sign. (1144: 5.6.1.2) 5.5.1.3 Signs shall be visible from the road and mounted not less than 1.8 m (6 ft) nor more than 1.8 m to 2 m (6 ft to 8 ft) above the surface of the road, unless local conditions or existing standards prescribe otherwise. (1144: 5.6.1.3) 5.5.1.4 Street and road name signs and supporting structures shall be of noncombustible materials. (1144: 5.6.1.4) Substantiation: Marking of dwellings, structures and other areas is needed to permit locating the areas or property quickly in the event of an emergency. Text was extracted from NFPA 1144 for consistency. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See 5.2.16 and 5.2.17 in the draft. Committee Statement: The text proposed to be extracted from NFPA 1144 is no longer in that document. 5.2.16 and 5.2.17 in the draft address the same issue and the committee believes that text meets the submitter’s intent. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-23 Log #10 Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (6.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise 6.1 to read: 6.1* Access to Structures or Areas. A.6.1 Access control devices take many forms such as remote opening devices, card keys, key codes, keys, and so forth. (1:A.10.12)

6.1.1 Access Box(es). The AHJ shall have the authority to require an access box(es) to be installed in an accessible location where access to or within a structure or area is difficult because of security. (1: 10.12.1) 6.1.2 Access to Gated Subdivisions or Developments. The AHJ shall have the authority to require fire department access be provided to gated subdivisions or developments through the use of an approved device or system. (1: 10.12.2) 6.1.3 Access Maintenance. The owner or occupant of a structure or area, with required fire department access as specified in 6.1.1 or 6.1.2, shall notify the AHJ when the access is modified in a manner that could prevent fire department access. (1: 10.12.3) Substantiation: We have suggested replacing the existing text with that extracted from 1 UFC for consistency. Access to structures and areas should be consistent between documents and the text has been provided. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part See 5.3.15 for gates in fire lanes. Committee Statement: This document does not deal with access to the interior of structures. It also does not deal with maintenance of the property after it is built out and occupied. Access through gates blocking fire lanes has been covered in 5.3.15 including overrides as necessary. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-24 Log #25 Final Action: Reject (6.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Relocate the access provision of Section 6.1 to Chapter 5. Substantiation: The access provisions are inappropriately located under the Chapter titled “Structures.” They should be located under the Chapter titled “Means of Access.” This will provide better consistency in locating the access requirement. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: While this material could be in either chapter 5 or chapter 6, the requirements are based on the structure and its protection so the committee feels it is appropriate in Chapter 6. Chapter 5 deals with how the roads and fire lanes are built, Chapter 6 deals with where they need to be. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-25 Log #26 Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part (6.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise Section 6.1 as follows: 6.1 Access to Structures. 6.1.1 General. Fire department access roads shall be provided in accordance with Section 6.1 for every facility, building, or portion of a building hereafter constructed or relocated. At least one approved means of vehicular access shall be provided to each structure or other nonstructural fire hazard in accordance with the following: (1)* For structures or nonstructural fire hazards exceeding two stories or 9.1 m (30 ft) in height above average adjacent ground level, or 1115 m 2 (12,000 ft 2 ) gross floor area, no less than two separate approved means of access shall be provided. (2) Approved vehicular access shall be provided to within 45.7 m (150 ft) of any point of the exterior wall of each structure. 6.1.2 A fire department access road shall extend to within 50 ft (15 m) of a single exterior door providing access to the interior of the building . Structures Not Protected by Automatic Sprinklers. For any structure, other than one- and two-family dwellings, exceeding two stories or 9.1 m (30 ft) in height above average adjacent ground elevation, approved means of vehicular access shall be provided to within 9.1 m (30 ft) of all points of at least two exterior walls. 6.1.2.1 The requirement of 6.1.2 shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings. 6.1.2.2 When buildings are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, the distance in 6.1.2 shall be permitted to be increase to 150 ft. 6.1.3 Structures Protected by Automatic Sprinklers. Fire department access roads shall be provided that any portion of a facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of a building is located not more than 150 ft (46 m) from a fire department access road as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility. 6.1.3.1 For one- and two-family dwellings, the distance requirement of 6.1.3 shall be permitted to be increased to 200 ft. For any structure protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, whichever is applicable, approved means of vehicular access shall be provided to within 122 m (400 ft) of any point of the exterior wall. 6.1.3.2 When buildings are protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, the distance in 6.1.3 shall be permitted to be increase to 450 ft. For any structure exceeding three stories or 10.7 m (35 ft) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, or NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, whichever is applicable, approved means of vehicular access shall be provided to within 9.1 m (30 ft) of all points of at least two exterior walls. Substantiation: The current requirements of 6.1 are cumbersome and difficult to follow in the current layout of the text. The paragraphs have been: 1. Reformatted to more closely follow the manual of style 2. Technically revised to match the language in NFPA 1 3. Simplified to flow better

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 If the TC disagrees with the distance or technical requirements, consideration should be given to revising the current format for better readability. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Revise 6.1 to read as follows: 6.1 General. At least one approved means of fire apparatus access shall be provided to each building in accordance with this section. 6.1.1 Approved fire apparatus access shall be provided to within 150 ft (45 m) of any point of the exterior wall of each building. 6.1.1.1 The requirements of 6.1.1.shall be permitted to be extended to 300 ft (91m) for any building protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, whichever is applicable. 6.1.2 Approved fire apparatus access shall be provided to within 50 ft (15 m) of at least one exterior door providing access to the interior of the building. 6.1.2.1 The requirement of 6.1.2 shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings. 6.1.3 Any building, other than a one- and two-family dwelling, exceeding two stories or 30 ft (9 m) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and not protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, shall have an approved means of fire apparatus access to within 30 ft (9 m) of all points of at least two exterior walls. 6.1.4 Any building exceeding three stories or 35 ft (10.7 m) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, whichever is applicable, shall have an approved means of fire apparatus access to within 30 ft (9 m) of an exterior wall. Add annex material to A.6.1.1 to read: Preconnected hose lines on pumping fire apparatus are normally 200 ft to 250 ft (60 to 75 m) in length. The 150 ft (45 m) allows fire fighters to stretch hose lines to a building access point on any exterior wall with a normal firefighting crew and have sufficient hose for fire fighting operations inside the building. Add annex material to A.6.1.3 to read: The means of access for fire apparatus required by 6.1.3 is to allow an aerial ladder or elevating platform fire apparatus to have access to the exterior of the building to support fire fighting operations. Add annex material to A.6.1.4 to read: A.6.1.4 The means of access for fire apparatus required by 6.1.4 is to allow an aerial ladder or elevating platform fire apparatus to have access to the exterior of the building in at least one location if aerial operations should become necessary. The required access in 6.1.2 can serve as this access if it extends to within 30 ft (9 m) of the building. Committee Statement: The committee is adding the requirement for fire apparatus access to within 50 ft of an exterior door with the exemption for one and two family dwellings but feels that, for the purposes of NFPA 1141, the exemptions for automatic sprinklers should not be allowed as fire departments deal with other emergencies such as emergency medical service and closer access is important in those cases. The revised language is requiring fire apparatus access to within 150 ft of any portion of the exterior wall of a building but is not making the exemption for one and two family dwellings as they are exempt from the 50 ft rule for access to an exterior door and 200 ft is getting too far away for effective emergency operations. The committee is allowing an exemption to 300 ft for buildings with sprinkler systems installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, but again feels that 450 ft is too far for any type of firefighting or emergency operation. Also the committee is not including buildings just protected by an NFPA 13D system as these are limited water supply life safety systems in properties that are not normally subject to any kind of mandatory inspection or code enforcement action. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-26 Log #23 Final Action: Reject (6.1.3) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise the provisions of 6.1.3 as follows: 6.1.3.1 For any structure protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One-and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, whichever is applicable, approved means of vehicular access shall be provided to within 122 m (400 ft) of any point of the exterior wall. Substantiation: NFPA 1141 currently recognizes the additional life safety and property preservation value of sprinkler protection with NFPA 13 and NFPA 13R. Protection by NFPA 13D should also be included as this type of occupancy has the greatest life lost history and there is no reason to exclude NFPA 13D protection.

Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: An NFPA 13D system is a life safety system based on a very limited water supply. The committee does not feel that extended distances should be allowed for fire department access as the fire department has to position fire apparatus closer to deal with the property protection issues. Fire departments also have to deal with other emergencies at the property where access can be an issue. The committee is actually reducing the maximum distance to 300 ft for access to any point on an exterior wall. See Committee Action on proposal 1141-25 (Log #26). Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-27 Log #28 Final Action: Reject (6.2) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise Section 6.2 as follows: 6.2 Structure Separation. 6.2.1 Any structure of Structures within a planned building group shall be separated from another structure s or property lines in accordance with the adopted building code. by at least 9.1 m (30 ft) and shall be set back at least 9.1 m (30 ft) from a property line. 6.2.1.1 In jurisdiction where a building code has not been adopted, structures shall be separated from other structures and the property line in compliance with the model building code most prevalent in area of the jurisdiction. Compliance with such model building code shall be evidence of compliance with this section. 6.2.2 Any structure of a planned building group that exceeds two stories or 9.1 m (30 ft) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and is not protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, or NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, shall be separated from any other structure by at least 15.2 m (50 ft) and shall be set back at least 9.1 m (30 ft) from a property line. Substantiation: The current code provisions of 30 and 50 ft are without technical justification. The provisions in the model building codes address this issue adequately and should be deferred to unless there is compelling evidence to the contrary. (If the proposal on limited application of this standard to jurisdictions without a building or fire code is accepted, the appropriate response to this proposal would be a reject as the current language would then be appropriate within that context.) Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee is deferring to local codes where such codes are adopted. See 6.2.1 in the draft of NFPA 1141. The Committee feels it is important to specify distances where there is no other code adopted and not defer to a non-adopted code that may be prevalent in the area. Many of the areas where this standard will be used are suburban and rural areas where fire department response times may be longer and fire fighting capability is limited due to manpower shortages so the potential for exposure to hostile fires is greater. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-28 Log #27 Final Action: Reject (6.2 and 6.3) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Delete Section 6.2 and Section 6.3. Substantiation: There is no technical justification for special “Structural Separation” or “Structural Requirements” due to a project being classified as part of a “Planned Building Group.” These provisions are already addressed within NFPA 101 and model building codes. (If the proposal on limited application of this standard to jurisdictions without a building or fire code is accepted, the appropriate response to this proposal would be a reject as the current language would then be appropriate within that context.) Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: See Committee Statement for proposal 1141-27 (Log #28). With regard to Section 6.3, the committee is deferring to NFPA codes where no other codes are adopted. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

1141-10

Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-29 Log #29 Final Action: Accept in Principle (6.3) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise Section 6.3 as follows: 6.3 Structural Requirements. 6.3.1 General. In jurisdictions not governed by fire codes, NFPA fire codes or standards, as they apply for the intended occupancy of the structure, shall be the minimum requirements. 6.3.2 Fire Separation. Fire separation shall be in accordance with the adopted building code. In lieu of a locally adopted building code, compliance with sections 6.3.2.1 and 6.3.2.2 shall be acceptable. 6.3.2.1 Common Walls and Ceilings. Common walls and ceilings between any two units, whether residential or nonresidential, shall be constructed to provide a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. 6.3.2.2 Vehicle Storage. Vehicle storage areas shall be separated from living areas by walls and ceilings constructed to provide a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour except as permitted by 6.3.2.2.1 and 6.3.2.2.2. 6.3.2.2.1 The walls separating a vehicle storage area from a living area in a single-family dwelling shall be permitted to be covered with a minimum of 16 mm ( 1/2 in.) Type X gypsum board or equivalent on the vehicle storage side and 12.7 mm (½ in.) gypsum board on the living unit side. 6.3.2.2.2 Doors between a vehicle storage area and a living area in a single-family dwelling shall be permitted to be 35 mm (1 in.) solid-core doors with self-closers. Substantiation: Fire separation requirements are traditionally controlled by a building code. There is no technical justification that planned building groups should require any different level of protection than what is already specified within a model building code. (If the proposal on limited application of this standard to jurisdictions without a building or fire code is accepted, the appropriate response to this proposal would be a reject as the current language would then be appropriate within that context.) Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See Section 6.3 in the draft document. Committee Statement: This document is not a building code. The Committee has taken specific requirements for construction out of the document and is deferring to NFPA codes where no other codes are adopted. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-30 Log #30 Final Action: Accept (Chapter 7) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise Chapter 7 to reference/extract from NFPA 1144. Substantiation: NFPA 1144 contains excellent provisions for the protection against wildfire risk. Rather than writing standalone language in NFPA 1141, it would be better extract or directly reference the appropriate material/chapters in NFPA 1144. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Committee Statement: The reference appears as 4.3 in the revised draft. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-31 Log #37 Final Action: Reject (7.1.2) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: James Everitt, Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise to read: 7.1.2* After construction, continued inspection and maintenance of the grounds and storage of combustible materials shall be performed to maintain these requirements, as acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Substantiation: Inspection should be part of the total protection package to ensure compliance with the requirements of the standard. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The requirements in Chapter 7 have been removed from the document and a reference to NFPA 1144 added. See Section 4.3. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-32 Log #38 Final Action: Reject (7.1.3.1 (New) ) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: James Everitt, Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new section to read: 7.1.3.1 Additional wildland fire risk hazard severity assessment shall be performed when deemed necessary by AHJ for all structures and groups of structures adjacent to wildland fuels. Substantiation: Additional risk assessments may be needed due to conditions. The proposed text adds the text that permits these additional assessments if deemed necessary by the AHJ. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The requirements in Chapter 7 have been removed from the document and a reference to NFPA 1144 added. See Section 4.3. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-33 Log #39 Final Action: Reject (7.4) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: James Everitt, Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise to read: Overhang Projections. Porches, decks, balconies, and similar overhanging projections shall be constructed of a 1-hour fire resistant assembly approved ignition resistant materials or type heavy timber construction, as defined by local building standards, or of non-combustible materials. Substantiation: The new terminology is ignition resistant materials. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The requirements in Chapter 7 have been removed from the document and a reference to NFPA 1144 added. See Section 4.3. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________ 1141-34 Log #35 Final Action: Reject (7.9) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: James Everitt, Western Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise to read: 7.9 Outbuildings and Accessory Structures. Outbuildings, detached patio covers, gazebos, palapas , and other accessory structures shall be constructed to meet the requirements of this chapter or be separated from the main structure by a minimum of 9.1m (30 ft.) Substantiation: The proposed text adds additional structures and accessories structures to the list to assist the user in compliance with the standard. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The requirements in Chapter 7 have been removed from the document and a reference to NFPA 1144 added. See Section 4.3. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

________________________________________________________________1141-35 Log #31 Final Action: Reject (Chapter 8) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Delete Chapter 8. Substantiation: There is no technical justification for special “Fire Protection” requirements due to a project being classified as part of a “Planned Building Group.” These provisions are already contained within NFPA 101, model fire codes and model building codes. In addition, most of these requirements are already under the scope of another document. Example: Section 8.3.3 requires a fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72. This is a Life Safety requirement and would be under the scope of NFPA 101. If there is a need for this type of language in NFPA 1141, then the appropriate sections need to be extracted from the controlling documents. (If the proposal on limited application of this standard to jurisdictions without a building or fire code is accepted, the appropriate response to this proposal would be a reject as the current language would then be appropriate within that context.) Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The document recognizes the increased hazards and needs in the suburban and rural areas where fire department response times may be longer, fire fighting capability limited due to manpower shortages, water supply limited, or other conditions may exist that require special

1141-11

Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 consideration for fire protection.Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-36 Log #11 Final Action: Accept in Principle (9.1.1 and 9.2.2) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace 9.1.1 and 9.2.2 with the following: 9.1.1* An approved water supply capable of supplying the required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which facilities, buildings, or portions of buildings are hereafter constructed or moved into the jurisdiction. (1:18.3.1) A.9.1.1 See Appendix H of NFPA 1 UFC for guidance determining required fire flow. (1:A.18.3.1) 9.1.2* Where no adequate or reliable water distribution system exists, approved reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, fire department tanker shuttles, or other approved systems capable of providing the required fire flow shall be permitted. (1:18.3.2) A.9.1.2 The following documents can serve as a reference for additional water supply and fire flow information. These include NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection in Planned Building Groups and NFPA 1142, Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. (1:18.3.2) 9.1.3* The number and type of fire hydrants and connections to other approved water supplies shall be capable of delivering the required fire flow and shall be provided at approved locations. (1:18.3.3) A.9.1.3 See Appendix I of NFPA 1 UFC for guidance determining number and location of fire hydrants. (1:A.18.3.3) 9.1.4 Fire hydrants and connections to other approved water supplies shall be accessible to the fire department. (1:18.3.4) Substantiation: Water supplies are an important part of fire protection and should be addresses consistent between documents. The text has been extracted from 1 UFC. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See revised Chapter 8 (formerly Chapter 9). Committee Statement: The Committee has reworked the chapter on water supply to recognize AWWA Manual 31 for installation of water mains on public property, NFPA 24 for installation of water systems on private property, and NFPA 1142 for water supply requirements. The 2006 edition of NFPA 1142 has clarified the water supply requirements where there is no municipal type water system and better addresses fire flow and hydrant distribution issues in Annex G of that standard. That annex is based on the ISO Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow which has been refined over many years from extensive data collected on water used at fires. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-37 Log #32 Final Action: Accept in Principle (Chapter 10) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Replace the current Chapter 10 provisions with extract language from NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operation. Substantiation: NFPA 241 has the scope and primary responsibility for the material contained in Chapter 10. Planned Building Groups do not contain any unique aspects that would justify different protection standards then what are contained in NFPA 241. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle See revised chapter 9 (formerly chapter 10). Committee Statement: The Committee believes the revised chapter meets the submitter’s intent. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-38 Log #12 Final Action: Reject (A.5.1.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add an annex note to 5.1.1 to read: A.5.1.1 Fire lanes should be kept clear of obstructions such as parked vehicles, fences and other barriers, dumpsters, excess vegetation, and so forth. However, it should be understood that a severe snowstorm can make these lanes temporarily inaccessible. In many parts of the country, the annual snowfall is of such magnitude that alternative arrangements such as temporary roads over the snow accumulation might be necessary. (1:A.18.2.3) Substantiation: The annex note provides the user of the document with some guidance in the base provision. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: This document does not deal with the ongoing

maintenance of the property once it is occupied. However, 5.3.16 does require a plan be submitted addressing how the fire lanes are going to be kept accessible in the wintertime. This allows the fire department to have an understanding with the property owners before the property is occupied. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-39 Log #13 Final Action: Reject (A.6.2.1) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Jon Nisja, Northcentral Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add an annex note to 6.2.1 as follows: A.6.2.1

Substantiation: Provides a graphic to assist the user in understanding defensible space. The graphic is from the 1 UFC Handbook. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: This suggestion does not appear relevant to the revised document. The figure deals with clearances for wildfire exposure, not exposure between structures. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. ________________________________________________________________ 1141-40 Log #33 Final Action: Reject (A.9.1.2) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Revise A.9.1.2 as follows: A.9.1.2 Some of the permissible national criteria include : Fire Suppression Rating Schedule or Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow from the Insurance Services Office (ISO). 1.) Insurance Services Office (ISO) Fire Suppression Rating Schedule 2.) Insurance Services Office (ISO) Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow 3.) NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code Annex H Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings Substantiation: NFPA 1 has recently added a new fire flow annex that is appropriate as a reference. This proposal also reformats the section for better readability. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee is referencing NFPA 1142 in this standard for fire flow and hydrant distribution issues. The 2006 edition has hydrant distribution information in Annex G. That annex is based on the ISO Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow which has been refined over many years from extensive data collected on water used at fires. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H.

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Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141 ________________________________________________________________ 1141-41 Log #34 Final Action: Reject (A.9.2.4) ________________________________________________________________ Submitter: Eddie Phillips, Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee Recommendation: Add a new A.9.2.4 as follows: A.9.2.4 A guide for fire hydrant locations and distribution can be found in NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code Annex I Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution. Substantiation: NFPA 1 has recently added a new fire hydrant location table that is appropriate as a reference example in this section. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: The Committee is referencing NFPA 1142 in this standard for fire flow and hydrant distribution issues. The 2006 edition has hydrant distribution information in Annex G. That annex is based on the ISO Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow which has been refined over many years from extensive data collected on water used at fires. Number Eligible to Vote: 22 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Ballot Not Returned: 1 Spitzer, Jr., H. Comment on Affirmative: STRAW, E.: The Committee Statement is not entirely accurate. NFPA 1142 Annex G is based upon ISO Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow for Fire Flow Requirements only. NFPA 1142 Annex G Fire Hydrant Distribution is based upon the ISO Fire Suppression Rating Schedule.

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5/25/2006 iv

Notice of Intent to Make a Motion (NITMAM) Sequence of Events Leading to Issuance of an NFPA Committee Document

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▼ Proposed new Document or new edition of an existing Document is entered into one of two yearly revision cycles, and a Call for Proposals is published.

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The process of public input and review does not end with the publication of the ROP and ROC. Following the completion of the Proposal and Comment periods, there is yet a further opportunity for debate and discussion through the Technical Report Sessions that take place at the NFPA Annual Meeting.

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What Amending Motions are Allowed. The Technical Committee Reports contain many Proposals and Comments that the Technical Committee has rejected or revised in whole or in part. Actions of the Technical Committee published in the ROP may also eventually be rejected or revised by the Technical Committee during the development of its ROC. The motions allowed by NFPA rules provide the opportunity to propose amendments to the text of a proposed code or standard based on these published Proposals, Comments and Committee actions. Thus, the list of allowable motions include motions to accept Proposals and Comments in whole or in part as submitted or as modified by a Technical Committee action. Motions are also available to reject an accepted Comment in whole or part. In addition, Motions can be made to return an entire Technical Committee Report or a portion of the Report to the Technical Committee for further study.

The NFPA Annual Meeting, also known as the World SafetyConference and Exposition®, takes place in June of each year. A second Fall membership meeting was discontinued in 2004, so the NFPA Technical Report Session now runs once each yearat the Annual Meeting in June.

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Important Note: The filing of a Notice of Intent to Make a Motion is a new requirement that takes effect beginning with those Documents scheduled for the Fall 2005 revision cycle that reports to the June 2006 Annual Meeting Technical Report Session. The filing of a Notice of Intent to Make a Motion will not, therefore, be required in order to make a motion at the June 2005 Annual Meeting Technical Report Session. For updates on the transition to the new Notice requirement and related new rules effective for the Fall 2005 revision cycle and the June 2006 Annual Meeting, check the NFPA website.

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One of the primary responsibilities of the NFPA Standards Council, as the overseer of the NFPA codes and standards development process, is to act as the official issuer of all NFPA codes and standards. When it convenes to issue NFPA documents it also hears any appeals related to the Document. Appeals are an important part of assuring that all NFPA rules have been followed and that due process and fairness have been upheld throughout the codes and standards development process. The Council considers appeals both in writing and through the conduct of hearings at which all interested parties can participate. It decides appeals based on the entire record of the process as well as all submissions on the appeal. After deciding all appeals related to a Document before it, the Council, if appropriate, proceeds to issue the Document as an official NFPA code or standard. Subject only to limited review by the NFPA Board of Directors, the Decision of the Standards Council is final, and the new NFPA code or standard becomes effective twenty days after Standards Council issuance. The illustration on page 9 provides an overview of the entire process, which takes approximately two full years to complete.

1141-13

Report on Proposals A2007 — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1141

DRAFT

NFPA 1141

Standard for

Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development

2008 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex B.A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in informational sections are given in Annex B. Editorial changes to extracted material consist of revising references to an appropriate division in this document or the inclusion of the document number with the division number when the reference is to the original document. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1* Scope. This standard covers the requirements for the fire protection infrastructure in suburban and rural areas where there is an intended change of land use.

1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to develop fire protection and emergency services infrastructure to reduce the impact of land use changes in suburban and rural areas.

1.3 Application.

1.3.1* This standard shall apply to changes in land use in suburban and rural areas.

1.3.2 If the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determines that additions to existing structures or new structures negatively impact the fire protection of existing land use, the requirements of this standard shall be permitted to be imposed.

1.3.3 The AHJ shall be permitted to waive portions of this standard where an isolated structure presents little or no threat to life or other hazards.

1.4 Equivalency. When unusual local conditions exist, the authority having jurisdiction shall determine equivalent requirements that provide a level of protection no less than would be afforded by full compliance with this standard.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.

2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 edition.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition.

NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, 2002 edition.

NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, 2002 edition.

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2003 edition.

NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2002 edition.

NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2003 edition.

NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work, 2003 edition.

NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2006 edition.

NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2004 edition.

NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2002 edition.

NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, 2004 edition.

NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants, 2002 edition.

NFPA 1142, Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting, 2006 edition.

NFPA 1144, Standard for Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire, 2002 edition.

NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, 2005 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 AWWA Publication. American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.

AWWA Manual 31, Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection, 1998.

2.3.2 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, January 2002.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 914, Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures, 2007 edition.

NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2006 Edition

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not included, common usage of the terms shall apply. Common usage of words and terms shall be as set forth in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

3.2.5 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

3.2.6 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.3.2.7 Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an appendix or annex, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3.1 Accessory Building. Any building used incidentally to another building.

3.3.2 Adjacent Ground Elevation. The reference plane representing the average elevation of the finished ground level measured at a distance of 10 ft (3 m) from all exterior walls of the building.

3.3.3 Building. A structure, usually enclosed by walls and a roof, constructed to provide support or shelter for an intended occupancy.

3.3.4 Combustible. Capable of reacting with oxygen and burning if ignited.

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3.3.5* Curb Cut. Reduced curb height to facilitate vehicle passage over or across a curb.

3.3.6 Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms arranged for complete, independent housekeeping purposes, with space for eating, living, and sleeping; facilities for cooking; and provisions for sanitation.[5000, 2006]

3.3.7 Fire Department. The governmental or other organization that is responsible for providing fire protection and other emergency services to an area.

3.3.8 Fire Flow. The flow rate of a water supply, measured at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure, that is available for fire fighting.

3.3.9 Fire Hazard. Any situation, process, material, or condition that, on the basis of applicable data, can cause a fire or explosion or that can provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of a fire or explosion, all of which pose a threat to life or property.[914, 2001]

3.3.10 Fire Hydrant. A valved connection on a water supply system having one or more outlets and that is used to supply hose and fire department pumpers with water.

3.3.11 Fire Lane. An approved means of access or other passageway designated and identified to provide access for emergency apparatus where parking is prohibited.

3.3.12* Fire Protection. All measures taken to reduce the burden of fire on the quality of life.

3.3.13 Fire Protection System. Any fire alarm device or system or fire-extinguishing device or system, or combination thereof, that is designed and installed for detecting, controlling, or extinguishing a fire or otherwise alerting occupants, or the fire department, or both, that a fire has occurred.

3.3.14 Gross Floor Area. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for basements, hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features.

3.3.15 Height. As applied to a building, the vertical distance from the adjacent ground elevation to the average elevation of the roof of the highest story.

3.3.16 Jurisdiction. Any governmental unit or political division or subdivision including, but not limited to, township, village, borough, parish, city, county, state, commonwealth, province, freehold, district, or territory over which the governmental unit exercises power and authority.

3.3.17 Land Development. The change of use of a parcel of land or contiguous parcels of land controlled by a single landowner or by a group of landowners with a common agreement to control the land so as to provide the buildings and infrastructure for residential and/or commercial purposes.

3.3.18 Means of Access. The method by which entry or approach is made by emergency apparatus to structures — for example, roadways, fire lanes, and parking lots.

3.3.19 Municipal-Type Water System. A system having water pipes servicing fire hydrants and designed to furnish, over and above domestic consumption, a minimum of 250 gpm (950 L/min) at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure for a 2-hour duration.

3.3.20 Noncombustible. Not capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire.

3.3.21 Occupancy. The purpose for which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used.[5000, 2006]

3.3.22 Private Street. Any accessway normally intended for vehicular use not dedicated as a public street.

3.3.23 Public Street. A thoroughfare that has been dedicated for vehicular use by the public.

3.3.24 Road. Any accessway, not including a driveway, that gives access to more than one parcel and is primarily intended for vehicular access.

3.3.25 Roadway. Any public or private street, including bridges and rights of way.

3.3.26 Slope. Upward or downward incline or slant, calculated as rise divided by run and expressed as a percentage.

3.3.27* Standpipe. A pipe and attached hose valves and hose (if provided) used for conveying water to various parts of a building for fire-fighting purposes.

3.3.28 Story. The portion of a building located between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above.[5000, 2006]

3.3.29 Structure. That which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined

together in some definite manner.

3.3.30 Water Supply. A source of water for fire suppression activities.

3.3.31 Wildland Fire. An unplanned and uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels, at times involving structures.

Chapter 4 General Requirements

4.1 General.

4.1.1 This standard shall be enforced by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) designated by the governing body.

4.1.2 The AHJ shall have the authority to apply the requirements in this standard that are specifically addressed for buildings or other structures that are deemed to possess significant life or property loss potential.

4.1.3 If the fire department is not the AHJ, the AHJ shall consult with the fire department on all matters relative to the enforcement of this standard to ensure that the needs of the fire department are met in providing fire protection.

4.1.4 This standard shall not be construed as prohibiting better construction or planning features that will materially improve fire protection.

4.1.5 The AHJ shall use recognized fire protection measures to meet local conditions since this standard does not set forth general fire protection features or procedures addressed in other codes or standards.

4.1.6 Where a provision of any other standard, code, law, or regulation recognized by the AHJ is in conflict with this standard, the more restrictive provision shall apply.

4.1.7* Prior to occupancy of any portion of the development, supporting infrastructure shall be installed, operational, and approved by the AHJ.

4.2* Plans. As a minimum, the AHJ shall require preliminary, working, and as-built plans to be submitted in a timely manner.

4.2.1* Preliminary Plans.

4.2.1.1 All preliminary plans, when submitted, shall contain, as a minimum, a site plan showing proposed water supply, roadway access, fire department access, conceptual future development, and other items pertinent to the specific project.

4.2.1.2 The AHJ shall make recommendations to the submitter, based on the preliminary plans, to assist in developing the working plans.

4.2.2 Working Plans.

4.2.2.1 Working plans and any modification to them shall be drawn to scale and signed by a licensed architect or engineer, and shall illustrate the final design of items required by this standard.

4.2.2.2 The AHJ shall approve the plans when the requirements of this standard have been reflected in the plans and the resulting project will provide an infrastructure for fire protection.

4.2.3 As-Built Plans. As-built drawings showing items listed in 4.2.1.1 shall be submitted to the fire department upon completion of the project.

4.3 Wildland Areas. In addition to other requirements in this standard, land use changes in wildland areas shall be subject to the requirements in NFPA 1144, Standard for Protection of Life and Property from Wildfire.

Chapter 5 Means of Access

5.1 General.

5.1.1 This section shall apply to all means of access, publicly or privately owned, whether or not they are designated as public thoroughfares.

5.1.2 Means of access shall consist of roads, roadways, bridges, fire lanes, parking lots, or a combination thereof, and shall be provided to all buildings more than 400 ft2 (37 m2) in ground floor area and to public occupancies with structural components.

5.1.3* The length of any cul-de-sac shall not exceed the fire-fighting capability of the fire department.

5.1.4* A cul-de-sac exceeding 1200 ft (366 m) in length shall be provided with approved intermediate turnarounds at a maximum of 1200 ft (366 m) intervals.

5.1.5 Number of Means of Access.

* A planned development shall have one or more means of access in accordance with Table 5.1.5.1(a) or Table 5.1.5.1(b), or 5.1.5.2, whichever produces the greater number.

Table 5.1.5.1(a) Required Number of Access Routes for Residential Areas

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DRAFT5.1.5.2 Where residential areas are mixed with nonresidential areas, the minimum number of access routes shall be determined by calculating 5 parking spaces for each dwelling unit, adding that number to the parking spaces count for the nonresidential area, and using Table 5.1.5.1(b).

5.1.5.3* The AHJ shall designate portions of the planned area as high hazard if conditions warrant.

5.1.5.4 Where multiple means of access are required, one of the means of access shall be permitted to be restricted for emergency use only when approved by the AHJ.

5.1.5.5 Where multiple means of access are required, they shall be located as remote from each other as practical and acceptable to the AHJ.

5.2 Roadways. Roadways shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with this section.

5.2.1* The legal right-of-way for a roadway shall accommodate the width necessary for the construction; drainage, erosion control, and maintenance of the roadway; and provisions for utilities and sidewalks.

5.2.2 Roadways shall be constructed of a hard, all-weather surface designed to support all legal loads of the jurisdiction.

5.2.3 Roadways shall have a minimum clear width of 12 ft (3.7 m) for each lane of travel, excluding shoulders and parking.

5.2.3.1 Curves shall not reduce the width of the roadway.

5.2.3.2 Provisions shall be made for drainage, snowbanks, parking, utilities, and the like such that they do not impinge on the minimum clear width.

5.2.4 Where parking is permitted, such space shall be provided in accordance with Section 5.4.

5.2.5 Grades.

5.2.5.1 Grades shall not be more than 10 percent, except as permitted by this section.

5.2.5.2* Grades steeper than 10 percent shall be permitted by the AHJ where mitigation measures can be agreed upon jointly by the fire department and the road engineering department, taking into consideration climate, traffic load, environmental conditions, the number of turns that would affect traffic flow, and the ability of fire apparatus to operate on steeper grades.

5.2.6 Where grades are less than 0.5 percent, the road shall be crowned in the center in order to prevent pooling of water in a traveled way.

5.2.7 Any roadway intersecting with another shall be sloped to prevent the accumulation of water and ice on either roadway.

5.2.8 Every dead-end roadway more than 300 ft (91 m) in length shall be provided at the closed end with a turnaround having no less than a 120 ft (36.5 m) outside diameter of the traveled way.

5.2.9 At least 13 ft 6 in. (4.2 m) nominal vertical clearance shall be provided and maintained over the full width of the roadway.

5.2.10 Turns in roadways shall be constructed with a minimum radius of 60 ft (18.2 m) to the outside of the turn.

5.2.11 Median left-turn lanes and traffic signals shall be provided at intersections where necessary to prevent traffic from impeding fire department response time.

5.2.11.1 Any traffic signal system shall have an automatic means for fire apparatus to control the signals to maintain an unimpeded right-of-way.

5.2.11.2 Sight distance shall be incorporated into the design of intersections.

5.2.12 Bridges and culverts shall be designed to accommodate a minimum of 100-year flood elevations and flows in accordance with accepted engineering practices.

5.2.13 The design of grade crossings at railroad tracks shall be done by a professional engineer with expertise in railroad grade crossings.

5.2.14 Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by the AHJ.

5.2.15 Easements shall be obtained to permit vegetation clearance alongside roads to minimize the likelihood of evacuation routes being blocked during wildfire or other natural disasters.

5.2.16 Addresses shall be assigned in a logical, consistent manner based upon the local addressing system. Street names shall be phonetically unique.

5.2.17 At each intersection, noncombustible signs shall be installed with the name of each road.

Table 5.1.5.1(a) Required Number of Access Routes for Residential Areas

Number of Households

Minimum Number of Access Routes

(Normal Hazard)

Minimum Number of Access Routes(High Hazard)

0-50 1 151-100 1 2101-300 2 3301-600 2 4

>600 3 4

Table 5.1.5.1(b) Required Number of Access Routes for Nonresidential Areas

Number of Parking SpacesMinimum Number of Access Routes

(Normal Hazard)Minimum Number of Access Routes

(High Hazard)

0-250 1 1

251-1250 1 2

1251-3000 2 3

>3000 3 4

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5.2.17.1 These signs shall be installed a minimum of 7 ft (2.1 m) above the traveled way.

5.2.17.2 The letters on the signs shall be no less than 4 in. (100 mm) in height, with at least a 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) stroke, reflective and of a contrasting color to the background of the sign.

5.2.17.3 Where required by the AHJ, signs shall also include references to address numbers pertinent for that section of the road.

5.2.17.4 Where required by the AHJ, signs shall be erected at intersections indicating directions and distance to the nearest water supply.

5.2.17.5 Where the location of the nearest water supply is not obvious, signs or other directional symbols shall be erected indicating directions and distance to the nearest water supply.

5.2.17.6 The beginning of every dead-end roadway and developments with only single access shall have signage indicating that there is not a second outlet.

5.2.18 Roadways shall not be designed and constructed with speed control features such as speed bumps, speed humps, or chicanes.

5.2.19 Areas Subject to Natural Disasters and Wildfires.

5.2.19.1 Roadway design shall incorporate provisions for emergency pull-offs, spaced according to the AHJ, for disabled vehicles.

5.2.19.2 Consideration shall be given to locating fire hydrants such that fire apparatus can be connected to the fire hydrant without impeding traffic flow.

5.3* Fire Lanes.

5.3.1 Approval.

5.3.1.1 Fire lane plans shall be reviewed and approved by the AHJ and the fire department responsible for the protection of the property.

5.3.1.2 Changes to access points, gates, or fire lane layout shall be pre-approved by the AHJ.

5.3.2 Driveways, parking lot lanes, delivery lanes, and private roadways shall be permitted to be used as fire lanes if they meet the requirements of this section.

5.3.3 Fire lanes shall be constructed of a hard, all-weather surface designed to support any vehicle within the legal load limits of the jurisdiction.

5.3.4 The grade from a fire lane to the exterior wall of the grade level floor of a building shall not exceed 10 percent.

5.3.5 Fire lanes connecting to roadways shall be provided with curb cuts extending at least 2 ft (0.6 m) beyond each edge of the fire lane.

5.3.6 Fire lanes intended for one-way travel shall provide a minimum of 16 ft (5 m) in width of traveled way. Fire lanes providing two-way travel shall be a minimum of 24 ft (7.3 m) in width of traveled way.

5.3.6.1 The AHJ shall be permitted to allow a reduction in fire lane width where the sole purpose of the fire lane is for emergency access and operations.

5.3.6.2 Fire lane widths shall not include shoulders, sidewalks, or drainage.

5.3.7 Extra width shall be provided where the fire department determines such width is necessary to position apparatus for operations during an incident.

5.3.8 Turns in fire lanes shall be constructed to provide sufficient width to accommodate the largest piece of fire apparatus available to be operated on the fire lane, but in no case shall the radius to the outside curb line be less than 50 ft (15.2 m).

5.3.9 All grades in fire lanes shall meet the requirements of 5.2.5.

5.3.10 At least 13 ft 6 in. (4.2 m) nominal vertical clearance shall be provided and maintained over the full width of a fire lane.

5.3.11 The angle of approach and the angle of departure shall not exceed 8 degrees at any point on the fire lane or its intersection with other roads or fire lanes.

5.3.12 Any bridges constructed as part of a fire lane shall provide width of travel no less than that required for the fire lane, and shall be constructed to support any vehicle within the legal load limits of the jurisdiction.

5.3.13 Dead-end fire lanes that exceed 300 ft (91 m) in length shall be provided with a minimum 120 ft (36 m) diameter turnaround at the closed end of the fire lane.

5.3.14 The clear opening through gates in fire lanes shall be at least 2 ft (0.6 m) wider than the traveled way.

5.3.15 All gates at the entrance to fire lanes shall be located a minimum of 30 ft (9 m) from the roadway and shall open away from the roadway, unless other provisions are made for safe personnel operation.

5.3.15.1 Fire department personnel shall have ready access to locking mechanisms on any gate restricting access to a fire lane.

5.3.15.2 If needed, fire department personnel shall have ready access to any manual releases that could be required if there is an interruption of utility power.

5.3.15.3 Means shall be provided to override normal operation and allow any gate to remain open until manually closed.

5.3.16 An acceptable plan for wintertime maintenance of access through any gates and along any fire lane shall be submitted to the fire department responsible for the protection of the property.

5.3.17 Approved “No Parking — Fire Lane” signs shall be posted in accordance with the instructions of the fire department having responsibility and a method of enforcing such provisions shall be provided by the local jurisdiction.

5.4 Parking Lots.

5.4.1* The minimum lengths of parking lot stalls shall be measured end to end as shown in Figure 5.4.1, and the minimum stall length and aisle widths shall be as shown in Table 5.4.1.

Table 5.4.1 Minimum Parking Lot Stall Dimensions and Minimum Aisle LengthsParking Angle Minimum Stall Length Minimum Aisle Width, One-Way

Traffic FlowMinimum Aisle Width, Two-Way

Traffic Flowft m ft m ft m

45 degrees 27.5 8.4 16 4.9 24 7.3

60 degrees 23.7 7.2 16 4.9 24 7.3

75 degrees 20.9 6.4 23 7.0 24 7.390 degrees 18.5 5.6 26 7.9 26 7.9

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DRAFT5.4.2 Parking lot aisles adjacent to any building shall provide a travel lane with a minimum 24 ft (7.3 m) clear width.

5.4.3 The minimum turning radius for parking lot aisles necessary for fire department apparatus access shall be determined by the fire department having responsibility.

Chapter 6 Building Access and Separation

6.1 General. At least one approved means of fire apparatus access shall be provided to each building in accordance with this section.

6.1.1* Approved fire apparatus access shall be provided to within 150 ft (45 m) of any point of the exterior wall of each building.

6.1.1.1 The requirements of 6.1.1 shall be permitted to be extended to 300 ft (91 m) for any building protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, whichever is applicable.

6.1.2 Approved fire apparatus access shall be provided to within 50 ft (15 m) of at least one exterior door providing access to the interior of the building.

6.1.2.1 The requirement of 6.1.2 shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings.

6.1.3* Any building, other than a one- and two-family dwelling, exceeding two stories or 30 ft (9 m) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and not protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, shall have an approved means of fire apparatus access to within 30 ft (9 m) of all points of at least two exterior walls.

6.1.4* Any building exceeding three stories or 35 ft (10.7 m) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, whichever is applicable, shall have an approved means of fire apparatus access to within 30 ft (9 m) of an exterior wall.

6.2 Building Separation.

6.2.1 Unless governed by other locally adopted regulations, any building shall be separated from another building by at least 30 ft (9.1 m) and shall be set back at least 30 ft (9.1 m) from a property line.

6.2.1.1 If adjacent buildings are both protected with automatic sprinkler systems meeting NFPA 13, the separation shall be permitted to be reduced.

6.2.1.2 If an accessory building is 400 ft2 (37 m2) or less in ground floor area, the separation shall be permitted to be reduced.

6.2.2 Any building that exceeds two stories or 30 ft (9.1 m) in height above average adjacent ground elevation and is not protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height, shall be separated from any other structure by at least 50 ft (15.2 m) and shall be set back at least 30 ft (9.1 m) from a property line.

6.3* Structural Requirements. In jurisdictions not governed by fire codes, NFPA fire codes or standards, as they apply for the intended occupancy of the structure, shall be the minimum requirements.

Chapter 7 Fire Protection

7.1 Automatic Fire Protection.

7.1.1 All buildings more than two stories or more than 30 ft (9.1 m) above adjacent ground elevation shall be fully protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed and maintained according to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems; NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height; or NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, whichever is appropriate for the occupancy.

7.1.1.1 Where incidental portions of a building exceed 2 stories or 30 ft (9.1 m) in height and are not normally occupied, the provisions of 7.1.1 shall not apply.

7.1.2 Any residential building shall have an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems; or NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height; or NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, whichever is appropriate.

7.1.3* Where municipal type water systems are available, fire department connections for sprinkler systems designed to NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R shall be located not less than 100 ft (30.5 m) along an approved path from a fire hydrant and shall be arranged so that hose lines can be readily and conveniently attached to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects, including buildings, signs, fences, posts, or other fire department connections.

7.1.4 Fire department connections shall be located to facilitate the establishment of a continuous supplemental water supply where municipal-type water systems are not available and shall be arranged so that hose lines can be readily and conveniently attached to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects, including buildings, signs, fences, posts, or other fire department connections.

7.2 Manual Fire Protection.

7.2.1 Standpipe Systems.

7.2.1.1 Where municipal type water systems are available, the requirements of 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4 shall apply to all new buildings more than three stories in height or more than 50 ft (15.2 m) in height above adjacent ground elevation that contain intermediate stories or balconies, except industrial process structures where the life or property of others would not be imperiled by a fire or explosion.

7.2.1.2 Where municipal-type water systems are not available, the requirements of 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.5 shall apply to all new buildings more than two stories in height or more than 40 ft (12.2 m) in height above adjacent ground elevation that contain intermediate stories or balconies, except industrial process structures where the life or property of others would not be imperiled by a fire or explosion.

7.2.1.3 The building shall be equipped with a standpipe system installed in accordance with the provisions of this section and NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.

7.2.1.3.1 The provisions of 7.2.1.3 shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings.

7.2.1.4* Fire department connections for standpipe systems shall be located not more than 100 ft (30.5 m) from a fire hydrant along an approved path from a fire hydrant and shall be arranged so that hose lines can be readily and conveniently attached to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects, including buildings, fences, posts, or other fire department connections.

Figure 5.4.1 Measurements for Parking Stall Length.

Aisle limit Aisle limit Aisle limit

Curb or limit line

18.5 ft

90°

23.5 ft 27.5 ft

45°60°

Curb or limit line Curb or limit line

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7.2.1.5 Fire department connections shall be located to facilitate the establishment of a continuous supplemental water supply where municipal type water systems are not available and shall be arranged so that hose lines can be readily and conveniently attached to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects, including buildings, signs, fences, posts, or other fire department connections.

7.2.2* Fire Extinguishers. Any residential buildings containing more than 2 dwelling units shall have a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2-A:10-B:C, in each dwelling unit near the exit and installed in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.

7.3 Automatic Fire Warning Systems.

7.3.1 Any residential buildings containing more than two living units shall have a local fire alarm system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code.

7.3.2 In any residential buildings containing four or more living units, the local fire alarm system shall retransmit to an approved central station.

7.3.3 For nonresidential structures exceeding 1000 ft2 (93 m2) gross floor area,

an approved fire warning or alarm system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code.

7.3.3.1 For nonresidential structures exceeding 5000 ft2 (465 m2) gross floor

area, such systems shall retransmit an alarm to an approved central station.

7.3.3.2 Alarms or warning systems shall be tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code or as required by the AHJ.

Chapter 8 Water Supply

8.1 General.

8.1.1 Where water mains or fire hydrants are provided for fire protection purposes the following shall apply:

(1) They shall be installed and maintained in accordance with AWWA Manual 31, Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection, when on public property.

(2) They shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, where on nonpublic property.

8.1.2 Where there are no water mains for fire protection purposes, NFPA 1142, Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting, shall apply.

8.1.3 The required fire flow for one or more buildings of a development shall be determined by the AHJ using locally adopted codes, or as specified per the following conditions:

(1) For areas without municipal-type water systems, NFPA 1142 shall be applied.

(2) For those areas with municipal-type water systems, Annex G of NFPA 1142 shall be consulted for guidance.

8.1.4 Fire Hydrants.

8.1.4.1 Fire hydrants shall be marked in accordance with NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants, and shall be made visible from the road by reflective marking or signage as designated by the AHJ.

8.1.4.2 All identification signs for fire hydrants shall be approved by the applicable authority prior to installation if they are to be located in the right-of-way or are subject to other laws.

8.1.4.3 Fire hydrants located in parking areas shall be protected by barriers that will prevent physical damage from vehicles without obstructing fire hydrant operation.

8.1.4.4 Fire hydrants shall be located within 6 ft (1.8 m) of the edge of the pavement unless the fire department determines another location is more acceptable for fire department use.

8.1.4.5* Threads on fire hydrant outlets shall be American National Fire Hose Connection Screw Threads and shall be equipped with thread adapters where local fire department thread is different.

8.1.4.6 The area around fire hydrants shall remain clear of obstructions, including vegetation, signs, fences, light posts, and so forth.

8.2* Water Supply Distribution. Water sources shall be located such that the required fire flow for any building in the development can be established and maintained within 5 minutes of arrival with the fire department resources available.

8.3 Areas with Municipal-Type Water Systems.

8.3.1 For a required fire flow exceeding 1500 gpm (5700 L/min), the water supply system shall be capable of delivering that fire flow for at least 2 hours at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure.

8.3.2 For all required fire flows other than those described in 8.3.1, the water supply system shall be capable of delivering the required fire flow for at least 1 hour at 20 psi (138 kPa) residual pressure.

8.3.3 Fire hydrants in built-out areas shall be installed at a spacing not to exceed 500 ft (150 m) of vehicle travel distance from a building unless the fire department having jurisdiction determines that closer fire hydrant spacing is required.

8.3.4* In unbuilt areas, fire hydrants shall be installed at not more than 1500 ft (456 m) spacing with provisions in place to install fire hydrants to meet 8.3.3 as the area is built out.

8.3.5 The fire department shall approve the location of all fire hydrants.

8.3.6 There shall be a fire hydrant within 250 ft (76 m) of all points of entry into the building.

8.3.7 In residential areas, fire hydrants shall be supplied by not less than a 6 in. (150 mm) diameter main installed on a looped system or by not less than an 8 in. (200 mm) diameter main if the system is not looped or the fire hydrant is installed on a dead-end main exceeding 300 ft (91 m) in length.

8.3.8* In nonresidential areas, detailed fire flow calculations shall be provided and used to determine necessary pipe sizing.

8.3.8.1 Future development in the area shall be considered when fire flow requirements are calculated.

8.3.9 Dead-end mains shall not exceed 600 ft (183 m) in length for main sizes less than 10 in. (250 mm) in diameter.

8.4 Acceptance.

8.4.1 The contractor or installer of new water supply systems or extensions to existing water supply systems shall demonstrate by actual test that the capacity of the water supply system will meet the fire protection design requirements.

8.4.2 The fire department and any other AHJ shall witness the tests and approve the results.

Chapter 9 Fire Protection During Construction

9.1 General Requirements. The provisions of NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, shall apply in addition to the specific requirements of this chapter.

9.1.1 Before the infrastructure is installed, and prior to the location and construction of buildings or portions thereof, fire protection plans shall be submitted to and approved by the AHJ.

9.1.2 Prior to the delivery of combustible materials and the start of any building construction, the water supply for fire protection, whether temporary or permanent, shall be acceptable to the AHJ and shall be available.

9.1.3 Prior to the final occupancy of any building, the permanent water supply for fire protection, including fire hydrants and fire suppression systems, shall be installed, tested, and acceptable to the AHJ.

9.1.4 Fire department vehicular access to all buildings under construction shall be provided at all times.

9.1.4.1 In areas where ground surfaces are soft or likely to become soft, hard all-weather surface access roads shall be provided.

9.1.5 Combustible trash and debris shall be placed completely within an approved container or removed from the site at the close of each working day.

9.1.6 Flammable or combustible liquids or gases shall be stored, handled, and used on the construction site in accordance with the applicable provision of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code; NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code; and NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.

9.1.7 Temporary heating devices shall be of an approved type, located away from combustible materials, and attended and maintained by competent personnel.

9.1.8 Smoking shall be prohibited, except in those areas approved. Where required by the AHJ, “No Smoking” signs shall be posted.

9.1.9 Cutting and welding operations shall be in accordance with NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work.

9.2 Extinguishing Equipment.

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9.2.1 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of at least 10-A:120-B:C shall be within a travel distance of 75 ft (23 m) or less to any point of a building under construction.

9.2.2 Personnel normally on the construction site shall be instructed in the use of the fire extinguishers provided.

Chapter 10 Community Safety and Emergency Preparedness

10.1 General.

10.1.1 The AHJ shall be responsible for the adoption and maintenance of a multi-agency operational plan for the protection of lives and property during significant emergency incidents.

10.1.2 The primary goal of the plan shall be to protect people in the affected area, including emergency personnel responding to the incident, from injury or loss of life.

10.2 Assessment of Hazards. The AHJ shall identify hazards, the likelihood of their occurrence, and the vulnerability of people, property, the environment, and the community itself to those hazards.

10.3 Operational Plan. The plan shall contain, as a minimum, command, training, community notification and involvement, public safety, and evacuation and mutual assistance elements.

10.3.1 Command Element.

10.3.1.1 The plan shall contain a command element that clearly defines the responsibilities and authorities of all agencies and organizations that will be used in management of the incident.

10.3.1.2 Supporting resources such as social service agencies, local media, law enforcement, and so forth shall be included.

10.3.1.3 An incident management system shall be used in accordance with NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System.

10.3.2 Training Element. Training, qualification, and equipment requirements shall be prepared to ensure that all personnel and equipment assigned to an emergency incident will be able to carry out assignments in a predictable, safe, cooperative, and effective manner.

10.3.3 Community Notification and Involvement Element. Public preparation shall include the following:

(1) The establishment of a communication system to provide rapid and accurate information to the public regarding emergency incidents that endanger their community, including detailed instructions for public notification of impending evacuation

(2) Information regarding actions to be taken for self-protection

(3) Information regarding appropriate assistance that can be rendered by the public to fire protection agencies in the management of emergency incidents

(4) Security measures to protect the evacuated area

10.3.4 Public Fire Safety Information and Education.

10.3.4.1 The AHJ shall prepare and implement a public safety information and education program.

10.3.4.2 The program, at a minimum, shall identify and analyze the following:

(1) Fire causes and hazards

(2) Life and property risks from other natural and technological hazards

(3) Prevention and safety programs

(4) Target audiences

(5) Activities

10.3.5 Public Safety and Evacuation Element.

10.3.5.1 A public safety and evacuation element shall provide for the safety of residents and area workers threatened by potential emergency incidents.

10.3.5.2 The public safety and evacuation element shall include the following:

(1) Incident personnel authority and criteria for ordering evacuations or relocations

(2) Incident personnel responsibilities in evacuations or relocations

(3) Public notification of impending evacuations or relocations

(4) Routes for evacuations or relocations

(5) Shelter locations

(6) Policy addressing the issue of persons who choose to not evacuate or relocate

(7) Policy for allowing evacuees to return when the current emergency has passed

10.3.6 Mutual Assistance Element.

10.3.6.1 Mutual assistance (mutual aid) agreements shall be developed that detail those services and resources available to support the management of emergency incidents.

10.3.6.2 Mutual assistance agreements shall be reviewed annually.

10.3.6.3 Mutual assistance agreements shall include the following:

(1) Legal authorities

(2) Command organization

(3) Fiscal responsibilities

(4) Operational and logistical responsibilities

Chapter 11 Fire Department Capability

11.1* Assessment.

11.1.1 A assessment shall be conducted to determine the impact of the land use change on the fire protection services offered by the fire department.

11.1.2 The assessment shall address the following:

(1) Dispatching — Is the current system and staff able to handle the increased call volume likely to be generated by the build-out resulting from the land use change?

(2) Fire station locations — Are current fire stations distributed and designed to service changing demands resulting from the land use changes and development in order to maintain an acceptable level of fire department services and emergency response times within the response area?

(3) Fire department resources — Is there adequate fire apparatus and staffing to meet the increased service demands likely to be generated by the build-out?

(4) Special services — Will the development introduce a need for special services not currently within the capability of the fire department?

11.2 Mitigation.

11.2.1* Where the assessment determines that the existing fire department cannot maintain its current level of service delivery while also providing services to the proposed development, the fire department and the developer shall jointly determine how to mitigate the impact on the delivery of fire services or increase the capability of the fire department.

11.2.2* Where the assessment determines that additional services will be required by the proposed development, the fire department and the developer shall jointly determine how those services are to be provided.

Annex A Explanatory Material

Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs.

A.1.1 Land use changes in suburban and rural areas often occur in areas where there might be an inadequate water supply, inadequate fire department resources, extended fire department response time, limited access, hazardous vegetation, unusual terrain, or unusual characteristics. Without the involvement of the fire department from the outset, the resulting changes could create a situation where the fire department cannot properly access structures or have the resources necessary to deal with emergencies at the property and where the occupants might not be able to escape the incident.

A.1.3.1 Suburban areas are moderately inhabited areas with population densities of at least 500 persons per square mile but less than 1000 persons per square mile. Rural areas are sparsely populated areas with densities less than 500 persons per square mile but that are distinct from unsettled wilderness areas or uninhabitable territories.

A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority

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may require evidence of proper installation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.

A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase “authority having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.

A.3.2.4 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product..

A.3.3.5 Curb Cut. Curb cut can be an abrupt reduction or a tapering reduction for the length of the curb on each side of the means of access.

A.3.3.12 Fire Protection. Fire protection includes measures such as fire prevention, fire detection and suppression, built-in fire protection systems, and planning and building codes.

A.3.3.27 Standpipe. See NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.

A.4.1.7 Supporting infrastructure includes roads, bridges, water supply systems, and similar utilities.

A.4.2 Additional plans, such as fuel hazard abatement, might be required to address hazards specific to the area or project.

A.4.2.1 Reviewing plans and finding cooperative solutions to problems during the planning stage tends to eliminate many major difficulties, misunderstandings, and economic waste.

A.5.1.3 The AHJ should consider distances to water sources, fire flow, apparatus and equipment capabilities, and personnel availability when determining the acceptable length of a cul-de-sac.

A.5.1.4 Figure A.5.1.4 shows an example of a design for an intermediate turnaround in a cul-de-sac that exceeds 1200 ft (366 m).

Figure A.5.1.4 Example of an Intermediate Turnaround

A.5.1.5.1 For more information on the number of means of access required, see Cova, Thomas J., 2005.

A.5.1.5.3 Examples of high hazard could include areas prone to a wildfire threat, other natural or technological threats, or areas in proximity to a transportation corridor where an accident would present a life and safety threat.

A.5.2.1 When approving a development, the AHJ should consider whether future rights-of-way might be needed for widening streets or providing additional means of access as the project is built out or adjacent properties are considered for development. Where there is a perceived need, the AHJ should

work with the developer to set aside such rights-of-way for future use.

A.5.2.5.2 When considering whether to allow steeper grades, the fire department should recognize that fire apparatus is designed to operate on grades of 6 percent unless it is specifically designed for steeper grades. Moving over a steeper grade is different that operating on a steep grade for a prolonged period of time. Steep grades also often involve switchbacks which will slow both access for fire apparatus and traffic flow exiting an area if there is a wildland fire. If the steeper grades are being allowed in areas where there are large amounts of natural fuels, the potential for a wildland fire must be recognized.

A.5.3 A fire lane can be a subsurface construction of hard material designed to support the heaviest piece of fire apparatus likely to be driven on it and then covered with no more than 3 in. (75 mm) of soil, sod, or both or to the specifications of an engineered subsurface system. When a subsurface fire lane is constructed, it should be identified in a manner acceptable to the fire department.

A.5.4.1 The AHJ should consider requiring wider aisles if it is anticipated that the aisle areas will be used for tactical operations during an incident at the property.

A.6.1.1 Preconnected hose lines on pumping fire apparatus are normally 200 ft to 250 ft (60 m to 75 m) in length. The 150 ft (45 m) allows fire fighters to stretch hose lines to a building access point on any exterior wall with a normal fire-fighting crew and have sufficient hose for fire-fighting operations inside the building.

A.6.1.3 The means of access for fire apparatus required by 6.1.3 is to allow an aerial ladder or elevating platform fire apparatus to have access to the exterior of the building to support fire-fighting operations.

A.6.1.4 The means of access for fire apparatus required by 6.1.4 is to allow an aerial ladder or elevating platform fire apparatus to have access to the exterior of the building in at least one location if aerial operations should become necessary. The required access in 6.1.2 can serve as this access if it extends to within 30 ft (9 m) of the building.

A.6.3 See B.2.1 for a partial list of codes and standards that might be used.

A.7.1.3 The AHJ should consider the fire-hydrant-to-building proximity in determining the location of the fire department connection pursuant to enforcement of this section. Fire hydrants should be located no closer than 50 ft (15.2 m) to the building being protected by the sprinkler system. This can be accomplished by locating the fire department connection away from the building.

A.7.2.1.4 The AHJ should consider the fire-hydrant-to-building proximity in determining the location of the fire department connection pursuant to enforcement of this section. Fire hydrants should be located no closer than 50 ft (15.2 m) to the building being protected by a standpipe system. This can be accomplished by locating the fire department connection away from the building.

A.7.2.2 This requirement can be met by providing one multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguisher or one Class A and one Class B:C fire extinguisher. The reasoning behind the requirement to locate these extinguishers in the dwelling unit is to prevent theft.

A.8.1.4.5 See NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections.

A.8.2 It is assumed that water from a municipal-type water system will be immediately available. When a municipal type water system is not available, NFPA 1142 requires that water delivery rate be established within 5 minutes of arrival at the incident.

A.8.3.4 It is anticipated that a stub and valve with box be installed and left for connection of future fire hydrants

A.8.3.8 See AWWA Manual 31 for guidance on pipe sizing.

A.11.1 If it is recognized that the land use change will have significant impact on the fire protection demand, outside assistance might be required to perform the assessment. The AHJ might want to pass the cost of this assessment on to the developer.

A.11.2.1 Examples of solutions could include expanding mutual aid or automatic aid agreements, requiring the developer to provide on-site facilities, requiring the developer to fund the augmentation of services, requiring more built-in fire protection, and the like. For larger developments, regional planning for providing fire protection and EMS services can often identify better methods of providing the additional services needed than individualized local planning.

A.11.2.2 Depending on the services needed, solutions could include the developer taking responsibility for providing the services or funding the fire department to staff, train, and equip to provide the service.

For larger developments, regional planning for providing fire protection and

Through street to cul-de-sac

Intermediate turnaround

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EMS services can often identify better methods of providing the additional services needed than individualized local planning.

Annex B Informational References

B.1 Referenced Publications. The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this standard for informational purposes only and are thus not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2.

B.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2003 edition.

NFPA 1142, Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting, 2006 edition.

NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections, 2003 edition.

B.1.2 Other Publications.

B.1.2.1 AWWA Publication. American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, CO 80235.

AWWA Manual 31, Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection, 1998.

B.1.2.2 ISO Publications. Insurance Services Office, Inc., 545 Washington Blvd., Jersey City, NJ 07310-1686.

Fire Suppression Rating Schedule, 2003.

Guide for Determination of Needed Fire Flow, 2005.

B.1.2.3 Other Publication. Cova, Thomas J., “Public Safety in the Urban–Wildland Interface: Should Fire-Prone Communities Have a Maximum Occupancy?” Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, August 1, 2005. ©ASCE.

B.2 Informational References. The following documents or portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only. They are not a part of the requirements of this document.

B.2.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, 2006 edition.

NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2003 edition.

NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 2003 edition.

NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, 2005 edition.

NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures, 2001 edition.

NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment, 2004 edition.

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2006 edition.

NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2003 edition.

NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 2006 edition.

NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, 2005 edition.

NFPA 601, Standard for Security Services in Fire Loss Prevention, 2005 edition.

NFPA 1221, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services

Communications Systems, 2002 edition.

NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2006 Edition

Brannigan, Francis L., Building Construction for the Fire Service, 1992.

Fire Protection Handbook, 19th edition, 2003.

Kimball, Warren Y., Fire Attack I, 1966.

Kimball, Warren Y., Fire Attack II, 1966.

NFPA Fire and Life Safety Inspection Manual, 8th edition, 2002.

B.2.2 Other Information Sources.

American Institute of Architects Research Corporation, 1735 New York Avenue, Washington, DC 20006.

American Insurance Service Group, 85 John Street, New York, NY 10038.

American Water Works Association, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.

Insurance Services Office, Inc. 545 Washington Boulevard, Jersey City, NJ 07310-1686.

International City/County Managers’ Association, 777 N. Capitol Street, Washington, DC 20002.

International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600; Falls Church, VA 22041-3401

International Fire Marshals Association, c/o NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

B.3 References for Extracts. (Reserved)