REPORT ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY GHUTKU ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/online/EC/...NOC from the CGWA. Figure 1.1 Location Map of Ghutku Coal Washery Report on Hydrogeological

Annexure- 2

REPORT ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY

GHUTKU COAL WASHERY, (2.5 MPTA)

Village Ghutku, Tehsil Takhatpur, Dist Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh

PROJECT PROPONENT

M/S. PARAS POWER & COAL BENEFICATION LIMITED Lakhmi Tower, Vayapar Vihar, Bilaspur - 495001

FOR

GROUND WATER CLEARANCE

FROM

CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY

PREPARED BY

MINJAL D-3 Sharda Sah-Niwas, 85 Hill Road,

Ram Nagar, Nagpur 440033. E-id : [email protected]

Mo No. 09423104901

JULY 2016

Report on Hydrogeological Study of Ghutku Coal Washery M/s Paras Power & Coal Benification Ltd.

i Minjal, Nagpur

INDEX

Ch. No.

Content Page No.

1.0 INDRODUCTION 1- 8

1.1 Location And Communication 2

1.2 Present Environmental Scenario 5

2 GEOLOGY 9- 12

2.1 Regional Geology 9

2.2 Buffer zone 10

2.3 Core zone 11

2.4 Fence diagram 11

3 HYDROLOGY 13 - 15

3.1 General 13

3.2 Hydrological Impact Assessment: 13

4 HYDROGEOLOGY 16-23

4.1 Regional Hydrogeological Setting 16

4.2 Aquifer Parameters 16

4.3 Local Hydrogeological Settings 17

4.4 Hydrogeological Regime 17

4.5 Water Table and Movement of Groundwater : 20

4.6 Groundwater Potential 22

4.7 Water Level Trend 22

5 GROUND WATER RESOURCE 24-31

5.1 General 24

5.2 Groundwater Recharge 25

5.3 Groundwater draft 26

5.4 Groundwater balance 27

5.5 Stage of development 30

6 WATER QUALITY 32-34

7 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF PUMPING ON WATER REGIME 35-36

7.1 Impact on Land Surface 35

7.2 Impact on surface runoff 35

7.3 Impact on groundwater 35

7.4 Artificial Recharge 36

8 CONCLUSION 37-38

Report on Hydrogeological Study of Ghutku Coal Washery (2.5 MTPA) M/s Paras Power & Coal Benification Ltd.

ii Minjal, Nagpur

TABLE

Table

No.

Content Page

No.

1.1 The Monthwise Normal Rainfall Data 7

1.2 Distribution of Normal Rainfall 7

2.1 Strapigraphic Succession, Mand Bilaspur Coalfield. 9

3.1 Rainfall – Surface Flow Relations (annual) 13

3.2 Rainfall – Infiltration Relation (annual) 14

4.1 Aquifer parameter of Buffer zone 16

4.1A Aquifer parameter of Core zone 16

4.2 Hydrogeological units (aquifer disposition) 17

4.3 Water Level Data of 10 km Buffer Zone of Ghutku Coal Washery in (m) 18

4.4 Water level in core and buffer zone 19

4.5 Details the old Borewell constructed in plant area by ex owner 22

4.6 Water Level Monitoring Data (WL in m bgl)- CGWB Sikri H.S. 23

5.1 The norms used for resource evaluation as per CGWB 24

5.2 Recharge area 24

5.3 Groundwater Recharge-Monsoon-Non command area 25

5.4 Groundwater recharge by water table fluctuation method 26

5.5 Groundwater Withdrawal Irrigation 26

5.6 Groundwater withdrawal for domestic and Industries 27

5.7 Total annual groundwater draft 27

5.8 Summary Report In Respect of Each Groundwater Assessment Unit 27

5.9 Groundwater Balance 29

5.10 Existing stage of groundwater development 30

6.1 Ground Water Quality Sampling Stations 32

6.1A Ground Water Quality Sampling Stations 33

7.1 Artificial Recharge proposal 36


iii Minjal, Nagpur

FIGURE

Figure

No.

Content Page

No.

1.1 Location Map of Ghutku Coal Washery 1

1.2 Layout Plan for Ghutku Coal Washery (0.96 MTPA) 3

1.3 Location Map of Buffer zone 4

1.4 Topography of Buffer zone 5

1.5 Drainage Map of Buffer zone 6

1.6 Normal Rainfall of Bilaspur IMD Station 7

1.7 Distribution of Normal Rainfall 7

2.1 Geology of Buffer zone 10

2.2 Fence Diagram of Chhattisgarh Basin 12

3.1 Rainfall – Surface Flow Relations (annual) 13

3.2 Rainfall – Infiltration Relation (annual) 14

4.1 Depth to Water Level Map of Buffer zone 19

4.2 Water Table Map of Buffer zone 21

4.3 Long Term Water Level Hydrograph 23

5.1 Ground water Balance 30

5.2 Existing stage of groundwater development 30


Minjal, Nagpur

1

REPORT ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY OF

GHUTKU COAL WASHERY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s Paras Power & Coal Benification Limited (PPCBL) has proposed to a

establish 2.5 MTPA coal washery at village Ghutku. The washery will be located at

Ghutku Village, Tehsil Takhatpur, District Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh. The

MOEF & CC has issued TOR for the proposed washery stipulating that permission

from the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), the Ministry of Water

Resources, Govt. of India should be obtained for abstraction of ground water for

the proposed project. Location map is given in Figure 1.1. In compliance with the

TOR conditions, a detailed hydrogeological study has been carried out to obtain

NOC from the CGWA.

Figure 1.1 Location Map of Ghutku Coal Washery


Minjal, Nagpur

2

Scope of Work

M/s PPCBL has retained the services of M/s Minjal, Nagpur to carry out a detailed

hydrogeological study for obtaining NOC from the Central Ground Water Authority

for abstraction and environmental clearance from MOEF (CG.). Assignment

covers the following :

1) The study will be carried out as per TOR granted by MOEF following the

guidelines and procedures acceptable to the concerned statutory authorities

and obtain approval from the Central Ground Water Authority, New Delhi and

MOEF.

2) CGWA application in the prescribed form will be prepared and submitted for

obtaining NOC.

1.1 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION:

Washery will be located in Bilaspur District in the State of Chhattisgarh. The study

area fall in Survey of India Toposheet no. 64 J/4. The coordinates of plant site are

as under;

Latitude : 22°09’9.17”N - 22°09’2.84”N

Longitude : 82°05’21.74”N - 82°05’31.95”E

The total land area of washery plant is 9.85 ha (0.0985 km2) which may be

considered as core zone and 10 km radius area of 314 km2 of as buffer zone. The

plant can be approached from Bilaspur by all weather Bilaspur -Jagatpur road. The

distance from Bilaspur to the washery is about 11 Km. The nearest Railway

station is Ghutku (0.2 km). Map showing washery layout is given in Figure 1.2.

The study area map showing 10 km buffer zone is shown in Figure 1.3.


Minjal, Nagpur

3

(Source EIA)

Figure 1.2 Layout Plan for Ghutku Coal Washery (2.50 MTPA)


Minjal, Nagpur

4

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

POND

ROAD

HABITATION

GRID

INDEX

WASHERIES BOUNDARY

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

275

283

267

255

269

269

269

270

276

283 279

289

272

276

283

284

276

267

264

278

278

278

275

279

277

285

281

285

285

279

295

295290

287

285

290284

286

292

291

288Beltukri

Ghanghadih

Chorbhatti Kalan

BhataparaChakrakund Nawapara

Saktipara

Bhadam

NarotikapaNewara

Bhundri

Gokulpu

Bhauwakapa

Kalnutar

Nawapara

Lampara

Gauband

Khargahan

Lamer

Chanadongari

Fakirpara

Chorbhath KhurdPondi

Padipar

Bhilauni

BhilauniDevri

Devri

Khajri

Kathakoni

Bandhiyapara

Bharni

Devari

ParsadaJoki

Pendri

SambalpuriDabena

Binahyasar

Binduri

Kathakoni

Bahtarai Pand

Tiwaripara

Binduri

Saida

Mendra

Sakri

Hapha

UslapurMangla

Kududand

Ghurti

Dnldclhapara

Bairhapur

Sajunpara

Nuwapara

Chhuihapara

Nuwapara

Gondaya

LachhanpurPendorwa

Lophandi

NawagoanAmtara

Chumkua

Mahtarai

Nahribhata

Semartal

BarpaliKachhar

Ghutku

Nirta

SenduriJorupara

Ramtala

Ghana Karhipara

Turkadih

Turkadih

KoniLakhandi

Koni

Birkana

Sarkanda

Bandhwapara

Khamtarai

1

2

3

4

5

Ganiyari

6

7

9

8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18Gatori

19

Bharari

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2728

29

30

31

32 33

34

35

N

22°5' 22°5'

22°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

22°10'

GHUTKU 2.5MTPA COAL WASHERY

KEY MAP

PREPARED BY - MINJAL , NAGPUR

Arp

a N

adi

HYDROGRAPHIC - NET WORK STATION 31 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.

Figure 1.3 Location Map of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

5

1.2 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO:

1.2.1 Topography and drainage : The general topography of the area around plant is

fairly plain. The general topography of buffer zone is plain having gradient from with

North to South. The ground elevation in the project site is around 280 m a msl. In

the buffer zone the maximum height 295 m msl in North of area whereas the lowest

area in the south is 255 m above msl. There are three topographic high in the area,

which act as micro water shed for drainage. The topography map of buffer zone is

given in Figure 1.4

280

280

280

280

280

280 280

N

22°5'

22°10'

22°5'

22°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

260

260

240

280

INDEX

WASHERIES BOUNDARY

SURFACE CONTOUR IN m amsl260


TOPOGHRAPHICAL MAP


TOPOGHRAPHICAL MAP

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.

Figure 1.4 Topography of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

6

Accordingly, the drainage of the area is mainly controlled by the topography. The

Arpa river is flowing 2 km East of the project area. Plant area is devoid of drainage

network. Drainage map of the buffer zone is shown in Figure 1.5. In the buffer zone,

there are number of streamlet originating from topographic high. The flow of the Arpa

river is from N to S and confluences into Shivnath river. The main drainage basin is

Mahanadi Basin.

N

22°5' 22°5'

22°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

22°10'

280


DRAINAGE MAP


DRAINAGE MAP

Goken

a N

Gho

ng

ha

Nadi

Canal

Canal

Canal

Canal

Canal

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

INDEX

WASHERIES BOUNDARY

POND

GRID

Arp

a N

adi

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.

Figure 1.5 Drainage Map of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

7

1.2.2 Climate: The climate of the study area is of humid and subtropical type and is

characterized by hot summer, cold winter and well distributed rainfall during the

monsoon season. The nearest meteorological station is at Bilaspur. The annual

normal rainfall of Bilaspur is 1343.6 mm. The month-wise normal rainfall figure is

given in Table-1.1 and depicted in Figure 1.6. The monsoon rainfall is 1170.8 mm

i.e. 87%, whereas non-monsoon rainfall is 172.8 mm i.e. 13% as indicated in Table-

1.2 and depicted in Figure-1.7. As per Bilaspur IMD station, the heaviest rainfall in 24

hours was recorded as 271.8 mm.

Table-1.1 The Monthwise Normal Rainfall Data

(Source : Climatology of Chhattisgarh IMD Bilaspur)

Figure 1.6 Normal Rainfall of Bilaspur IMD Station

Table-1.2

Distribution of Normal Rainfall

Season Rainfall (in mm) Percentage

Monsoon 1170.8 87

Non-Monsoon 172.8 13

Total 1343.6 100

Figure 1.7 Distribution of Normal Rainfall

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Normal Rainfall

17.5 30.2 21.1 17.3 17.8 192.3 389.4 391.2 197.9 51.8 12.5 4.6 1343.6


Minjal, Nagpur

8

1.2.3 Socio-economics : Total population of the buffer zone for rural area is 122979

persons in 70 villages. Part of Bilaspur town come under buffer zone. 10 % of total

population of Bilaspur is 266362. Thus the total population in buffer zone comes to

389341. The total irrigation by groundwater is in3234.3 Ha. of land of buffer zone

whereas there is no irrigation in core zone area.

1.2.4 Plant Technology :

The washery will have 2.5 MTPA capacity based on wet separation process

comprising crushing, screening, washing and handling.

The heavy media cyclone is an extremely efficient coal cleaning technology. ROM

coal is subjected to two stage closed circuit crushing & screening to obtain (-) 50

mm size fraction.

Feed coal is processed in two heavy media cyclones in series. Magnetite and water

are used as the “media”. The media density primarily determines separating gravity.

A gravimetric separation takes place. Buoyancy affect of the media forces the

lighter coal solids to the center of the cyclone where they are transported upward.

The dense mineral matter spirals toward the apex and exits through orifice. Clean

coal is produced from the first cyclone. Middling and reject are produced from the

second cyclone.

Magnetite carried away by the coal particles is recovered by water spraying &

reused.

Entire process wastewater is recycled in the washing circuit as such no effluent

discharge is envisaged.


Minjal, Nagpur

9

2.0 GEOLOGY

2.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY:

The regional geology of the area is marked by Chhattisgarh super group of the buffer

zone constitute rocks of Raipur group. The formation are Gunderdehi, Panderdehi,

Tarenga, Hirri and Maniyari.

Stratigraphic succession is given in Table 2.1. The geological map of buffer zone is

depicted in Plate-VI.

Table-2.1

Strapigraphic Succession, Mand Bilaspur Coalfield.

Age Group Formation Lithology

Quaternary Alluvium/Colluvium Sand, Silt, Clay & Pebble

Laterite Laterites /Bauxite

Cenozoic

Deccan Trap Linga Formation Basalt flows with or with out

-

Infratrappean beds Un Classified basaltic flows

Lameta Group Infratrappean beds Limestone, Sandstone & Clay

Mesozoic Gondwana Supergroup

Supera Barakars Sandstone & Shale

Barakars & Kamthi Sandstone Shale Clay stone & Coal

Talchir Sandstone, Shale, Pebbles & Boulder Paleozoic

Proterozoic

Chhatt

isgarh

Superg

roup

Raip

ur

Gro

up

Maniari Gypsiferous Shale Indravati,

Sukma,

NawagarGroups and equivalents

Shale, Limestone & Sandstone

Hirri Dolomite

S

ara

dih

adih

Tarenga

Pan

daria

Shale &

Dolomite

Chandi /

Bamandihi Limestone & Shale

Gunderdihi Shale Raig

arh

Charmuria Limestone &

Shale

Chandrapur Group Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale & Conglomerate

Singhora Group/ Pakhal Group Limestone, Shale, Sandstone & Siltstone

Equivalent of Chhotanagpur Gneissic

complex with metamorphics Gneiss & metasediments

Dong

arg

arh

Sup

erg

rou

p Abujhmar Basalt and Sandstone

Chilpi Group and equivalents Schist, Phyllites, Arkose & Conglomerate

Dongargarh/Kanker Granites Granite & Granitic Rocks

Nandgaon Group Rhyolite & Andesite

Bailadila/Dalli Rajhara/Sonakhan Group BHQ, Iron ore & Greenstones

Archaean Bengpal/Amgaon Group Granite, Gneiss & metasediment

Peninsular gneiss and unclassified basement Granite, Gneiss, Charnockite & Khondalite


Minjal, Nagpur

10

2.2 BUFFER ZONE :

The formation of Raipur group and present in buffer zone area. The group

comprising a predominantly argillite – carbonate sequence comformably overlies the

Chandarpur Group with a gradational contact as erosional unconformity, it is further

recorded that gradation of underlying silliciclastic litho unit passing to carbonate

sequence of Raipur Group. The formation developed in buffer zone are Gunderdehi,

Penderdehi, Tarenga, Hirri and Maniyari and given in Fig 2.1

Panderdehi Formaton - Covernous limestone and shale

Tarenga Formation - Cherty shale and dolomite

Hirri Formation - Dolomite

Maniyari Formation - Gypsiforous shale

Gunderdehi Formaton - shale

22°15'

22°10'

22°5' 22°5'

22°10'

22°15'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

INDEX

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

19

2021

22

23

24

25

26

2728

29

30

31

32 33

34

35

Observation Wells - Inventary

Exploratory Wells

30

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.


GEOLOGICAL MAP


(Source - CGWB)

Figure 2.1 Geology of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

11

2.2.1 Gunderdehi Formation ; It is represented mainly by purple shale. The purple shale

is generally calcareous, highly friable in character and is associated with impersistent

limestone bands. Locally intra –formation conglomerate lense are present in the

upper part. Besides, lenses and pockets of stromatolitic limestone appearing

towards top, indicate a gradational contact with the overlying formation. It is reported

that at subsurface Gunderdehi purple shale grades to black shale also encountered

2.2.2 Penderdehi Formation : It is the most heterogeneous unit comprising dark gray,

fine-grained stromatolitic limestone and flaggy limestone associated with green

calcareous shale. Pockets and lenses of coarse crystalline dolomites are very

frequent. The flaggy limestone is composed of micritic calcite, clay and quartz. The

clay and fine clastics are alternately arranged, imparting a flaggy appearance to the

rock. The green shale is friable, splintery, calcareous and at places itself contains

columnar stromatolitic structure inclined to bedding plane.

2.2.3 Tarenga Formation : It consists of cherty shale, calcareous shale, brown-colored

bedded argillaceous dolomite and splintery violet shale. At places, intraformation flat

pebble conglomerate are present.

2.2.4 Hirri Formation : This is characterized by intraformation conglomerate, dolomite and

black shale contain gypsum as layers, parallel to bedding and as disseminated

grains/ crystals. Stromatolitic dolomite is exposed in Hirri and Kodwa mines. The

stromatolites are columnar having a wide inter columnar space. It represent the

closing phase of deposition in Chhattisgarh basin and consists of lower gypsiferous

gray siltstone and shale followed by reddish brown calcareous and non-calcareous

shale with limestone and dolomite. The major constitutes are quartz, clay and

carbonate. Cross –lamination and mud cracks are the common sedimentary

structures. Minor argillaceous limestone and oolitic limestone occur as lenses in

shale.

2.3 CORE ZONE :

The Geology of core zone is marked by Tarenga formation lithogically dominated by

cherty shale and dolomite rock.

2.4 FENCE DIAGRAM ;

Central Ground Water Board have prepared fence diagram incorporating available

borehole of Chhattisgarh super group. The fence diagram exhibit the subsurface

feature of buffer zone is given in Figure. 2.2


Minjal, Nagpur

12

(Source - CGWB)

Figur 2.2 Fence Diagram of Chhattisgarh Basin


Minjal, Nagpur

13

3.0 HYDROLOGY 3.1 GENERAL ;

The hydrology of the area deals with the rainfall – runoff - infiltration relationship in

pre-pumping & post-pumping period for hydrological impact assessment due to

pumping from tube wells for washery

3.2 HYDROLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT:

Considering the analytical model applicable to the study area, a rainfall - surface

runoff - groundwater recharge relationship on unit area basis has been attempted to

analyze the hydrological impact in pre and post-pumping conditions.

3.2.1 Rainfall – Surface Flow Relations: Based on Model study, the analysis of surface

flow in the plant depicts the anticipated hydrological consequences of pumping

operation during pre-pumping and post-pumping conditions. The output data given

in Table-3.1 & Figure-3.1 indicate that there is reduction in surface flow in the

project area during pumping operation.

Table-3.1

Rainfall – Surface Flow Relations (annual) (Unit Area Basis)

Phase/Condition Normal annual

monsoon rainfall (in m)

Surface runoff Area

m2 x 106 (Core Zone) (Plant site)

Model surface

flow coefficient

Surface flow MCM

Remark decrease in runoff during pumping MCM

Pre-pumping 1.171 0.0985 0.25 0.029 (-) 0.012 reduction in flow Post-pumping 1.171 0.0985 0.15 0.017

Figure 3.1 Rainfall – Surface Flow Relations (annual)


Minjal, Nagpur

14

It can be stated that due to pumping, there will be reduction in flow into drainage to

the tune of 0.012 MCM. This may be due to pumping and increase in induced

infiltration in the area by industrial activity of washery. The pumping and induced

infiltration will contribute to drainage as groundwater runoff for the longer period of

utilization.

3.2.2 Rainfall – Infiltration Relation : Study has established a model to calculate induced

infiltration from normal rainfall over the land under different conditions. The same is

applied in the present project area and the output is placed in Table-3.2 and

depicted in Figure 3.2.

Table-3.2

Rainfall – Infiltration Relation (annual)

(Unit Area Basis)

Phase/

Condition

Normal

monsoon

annual

rainfall (in

m)

Area

m2 x 106

Model

infiltration

coefficient

Annual

induced

infiltration

due to

rainfall in

MCM

Remarks

Increase in

infiltration

/recharge

due to

pumping

MCM

Pre-

pumping

1.171 0.0985 0.12 0.014

0.001 Post-

pumping

1.171 0.0985 0.21 0.024

Figure 3.2 Rainfall – Infiltration Relation (annual)


Minjal, Nagpur

15

The induced infiltration in post-pumping period will increase to the tune of 0.01 MCM

due to induced recharge by industrial activity of formation and lowering of water level.

(Figure 3.3).

3.2.3 Discussions :

The study reveals that during pumping there will be induced infiltration due to

withdrawal of water from system and creation of infiltration zone. The industrial

activity during operation of plant area accelerates induced infiltration which will limit

the radius of influence during post-pumping period. There will be reduction in surface

flow due to high infiltration zone created by plant operation. Thus, the impact due to

pumping will be temporary and will be restored at the end of monsoon period. The

surface flow in the first order streamlet near washery will be reduced due to rainwater

harvesting.


Minjal, Nagpur

16

4 HYDROGEOLOGY

4.1 REGIONAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING:

Buffer zone constitutes mainly Chhattisgarh super group aquifer system, covered by a

layer of soil cover/detrital mantle. Aquifer mainly consists of Dolomite and Cherty

shale. The primary porosity and permeability of these formations are good. The

groundwater in these formations occurs under unconfined and semi-confined to

confined conditions.

The general direction of groundwater movement is from North to South, in the

regional area and with local formation of groundwater devide and hydraulic trough.

Groundwater flow is mostly following the topography of the area. The general

groundwater movement is towards the Apra river. The river being fed by the

groundwater runoff.

4.2 AQUIFER PARAMETERS :

4.2.1 Buffer zone : The aquifer parameters evaluated by CGWB on similar hydrogeological set up near the proposed site have been taken into consideration. The value attributed for the study area based on the best hydrogeological judgment is placed in Table 4.1.

Table-4.1 Aquifer parameter of Buffer zone

Sl. No.

Formation Transmissivity (m2/d)

Sp Capacity (lpm/m)

1 Maniary 8.2 186.14 2.88 128.64

2 Hirri 51.35 4003.3 16.44 284.21

3 Tarenga 0.98 357.05 2.5 108.49

4 Chandi 0.25 2198 1.05 14.09

5 Pandaria 2.69 345.68 7.41 227.87

6 Archaean basement crystaline

0.79 35.97 2.21 16.67

(SOURCE - CGWB)

4.2.2 Core zone : The aquifer parameters of core zone is derived from secondary level data and pumping test done on single bore well for 100 minutes. The data is given in table 4.1A.

Table 4.1A Aquifer parameter of core zone

Sr. No. Parameter Unit Value

1. Discharge m3/hr 7.2

2. Drawdown in 100 minutes m 05

3. Thickness of Aquifer m 90

4. Transmissivity M2/day 161

5. Hydraulic conductivity m/day 1.79

6. Specific yield - 0.03


Minjal, Nagpur

17

4.3 LOCAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTINGS :

4.3.1 Aquifer : The aquifer present in plant area constitute Cherty shale and dolomite

rock. Thus, due to sedimentation/stratifications multiple aquifer system prevails. The

top most formation, will be the major source of flow into tubewell during pumping.

The weathered formation with fractures behave as unconfined aquifer.

The unconfined aquifer is mainly affected by dugwell and hand pump. But in depth

semi-confined aquifer sustained tubewell. The aquifer system is having double

porosity, one being primary porosity and other being secondary porosity formed due

to joints and fractures. These double porosity system form a conduit system making

these formation most potential aquifer for movement and storage of groundwater.

The major hydrogeological units developed in area are furnished below in Table-4.2.

Table-4.2

Hydrogeological units (aquifer disposition)

Sr.

No.

Hydrogeologic

Units

Formation Depth range

(m)

1. Unconfined aquifer Soil loosely cemented, poorly

consolidated weathered.

5 – 30

2. Semi confined Compact Cherity Shale & Dolomite

with primary & secondary porosity in

fracture zone.

30 - 70

3. Confined Compact Dolomite with primary &

secondary porosity in between cherity

shale & Cavernous Dolomite of

fracture.

50 - 150

4.4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL REGIME:

4.4.1 Groundwater Level : Well inventory of 38 numbers of dug wells in the buffer zone

has been prepared. The water level data is furnished in Table 4.3 . The abstract of

water level is given in Table 4.4. In the core zone, water level on an average in pre-

monsoon is 10.00 m bgl where as in post-monsoon it is 5.00 m bgl. The average

annual fluctuation is 5.00 m bgl. In the buffer zone, the depth of water level in pre-

monsoon varies between 3.4 m to 18.50 m bgl, average being 8.48 m bgl while

during post-monsoon it varies from 1.00 m to 11.00 m bgl, average being 3.43 m bgl.

The average water level fluctuation between two extreme seasons in the buffer zone

is 5.05 m. The pre-monsoon water level map has been prepared Figure 4.1.


Minjal, Nagpur

18

Table-4.3

Water Level Data of 10 km Buffer Zone of Ghutku Coal Washery in (m)

S. No.

Name of Village

Examined

Type of

well Dia m

M.P. m bgl

Depth (m)

Water Level

Annual Fluctuation Formation

Pre monsoon

(m)

Post monsoon

(m)

1 Joki DW 2.2 0.5 12 9.5 4 5.5 T

2 Ghana D 2.2 0.5 8.5 7.75 5.2 2.55 T

3 Pondi HP 0.15 1 30 9.75 3 6.75 T

4 chorbhatt D 1.25 0.7 12 10 5 5 H

5 Ganiyari D 1.6 0.7 10 3.4 2 1.4 P

6 Gokulpur 0.15 0.5 60 3.6 1 2.6 P

7 Lari para D 3.9 0 6.7 5.0 1.10 3.9 P

8 Lamer D 1.2 0 6.7 5.4 2.4 3 P

9 Ghutku D 1.5 0.5 15.15 10.0 3.10 6.9 P

10 Nirta D 2.7 0.15 8 7.6 3 4.6 P

11 Lokhandi D 2 0.5 13.2 9.9 3 6.9 T

12 Sambal puri D 3.2 0.5 16 14 5.1 8.9 M

13 Pendri D 1.8 0.5 7 6.4 1.1 5.3 H

14 Bharni D 1.9 0.5 9.5 5.1 2.1 3 T

15 Sarkanda D 1 0.75 10 9.6 5.1 4.5 T

16 Koni HP 0.15 0.8 30 9.65 5 4.65 T

17 Sendri D 2.15 0.9 8.5 7.9 3.4 4.5 P

18 Ghatauri HP 0.15 0.8 30 10.35 4.1 6.25 P

19 Bharni D 1.6 0.6 9.5 6.5 1.4 5.1 P

20 Penderwa HP 0.15 0.4 30 15.8 10.1 5.7 P

21 Lachhanpur D 2.7 0.5 12.5 9.95 5.05 4.9 P

22 Laphandi D 3.2 0.25 11 10 2.5 7.5 P

23 Ramtala HP 0.15 1 30 18.5 11 7.5 P

24 Birkana D 2.5 0.7 10 8.6 1.1 7.5 P

25 Khamtarai D 2.8 0.5 12 9.9 3 6.9 P

26 Mangla D 2.1 0.5 10.75 7.7 2.1 5.6 T

27 Uslapur HP 0.15 0.8 30 5.4 2 3.4 T

28 Hapha HP 0.15 1 30 6.9 3 3.9 T

29 Sakri D 2.8 0.5 15 12 6 6 H

30 Saida HP 0.15 1 30 12 4 8 M

31 Bindhyasar D 2.8 0.8 15 9.95 5.5 4.45 M

32 Bhilauni D 2.1 0.7 12 4.8 1 3.8 H

33 Bandhiyapara D 3.1 0.9 14 4 1.2 2.8 H

34 Ghonghadih D 2.9 0.5 15 4.95 1.05 3.9 P

35 Nawara D 3.05 0.4 13 5 1.5 3.5 P

8.48 3.43 5.05

M = Maniyari Formation - Gypsum Shale

H = Hirri Formation - Dolomite T = Tarenga Formation - Chesty Shale and Dolomite P = Panderdehi Formation - Covernous lime stone and shale


Minjal, Nagpur

19

Table-4.4 Water level in core and buffer zone

Zone

Pre-

monsoon m

bgl

Average

Post-monsoon

m bgl

Average

Annual

Fluctuating

Average

Core 10.00 1.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

Buffer 3.4-18.50 8.40 1.00-11.00 3.43 5.05

Annual fluctuation of Buffer zone has been estimated to the tune of 5.05 m

N

22°5' 22°5'

22°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

22°10'

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2728

29

30

31

32 33

34

35

6-10 m bgl

3-5 m bgl

11-15 m bsl

INDEX

WASHERIES BOUNDARY

DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP - GHUTKU

3-5 m

6-10 m

11-15 m

11-15 m


DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP


00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.

Figure 4.1 Depth to Water Level Map of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

20

4.5 WATER TABLE AND MOVEMENT OF GROUNDWATER :

The water table contour maps of core and buffer zone have been prepared with

reference to mean sea level at the contour interval of 5 m. The water table map is

given in Figure 4.2. The highest water table contour is 285 m a msl and lowest is in

the order of 260 m a msl. The highest contour is in North area and lowest contour in

South near the Arpa river. Topographic high water shed area may be recharge zone.

Whereas the Arpa river is in discharge zone. This corroborates the fact that the Arpa

river is a gaining river and groundwater runoff exist throughout the year. The water

table contours are subdued replica of topography. The flow in the Arpa River is

almost North-South and situated in middle of Buffer zone area. The movement of

groundwater is from recharge area to discharge area. The movement of groundwater

flow is also locally towards east to west & west to east direction which ultimately

confluence to the Arpa river. In the core zone, groundwater table is in between 280

and 275 m a MSL. The groundwater forms three hydraulic devide line in the area.

There are three hydraulic mound along divide line in buffer zone. The average

hydraulic gradient of ground water is 2.31 × 10-3 .


Minjal, Nagpur

21

N

22°5' 22°5'

22°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

82°00' 82°5' 82°10'

22°10'

GROUND WATER FLOW DIRECTION

WATER TABLE

G.W. NICRO WATER SHED

INDEX

WASHERIES BOUNDARY

WATER TABLE MAP

OBSERVATION WELL

270

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2728

29

30

31

33

34

35

31


WATER TABLE MAP


260

260

260

260

265

265

270

275280

285

270

270

270

275

280

285

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Km.

Figure 4.2 Water Table Map of Buffer zone


Minjal, Nagpur

22

4.6 GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL:

There is an old abandoned borewell in the acquired land constructed by ex-owner for

irrigation purpose. To measure water level, this borewell was used. The water levels

were recorded 10 m bgl. The reported post-monsoon water level is 5.00 mbgl.

Details of borewell are given in Table-4.5.

Table-4.5

Details the old Borewell constructed nearby plant area by ex owner

1. Depth - 50 m

2. Dia of T/W - 150 mm

3. Length of Blank Pipe - 0 to 25 m

4. Length of uncased - 25 to 50 m

5. Length of Pump - 30 m

6. Pump type - Submersible

7. H.P. of Pump - 3.0 H.P

8. Discharge of T/W - 2 LPS, (7.2 m3/hrs)

9. Pump operation - 2 hrs. (reported)

10. Total withdrawal in day - 43 m3/day on an average

11. Total withdrawal in year (120

Days) for irrigation - 14 m3/day

12. Litholgy -

0 to 50 m Tarenga formation having cherty

shale & dolomite fracture

The trail pumping test was done on of the tube well at discharge rate of 7.2 m3/hr.

and measured draw down to the tune of 05 m after 100 minutes pumping of Teranga

aquifer. The safe distance between two tubewells is calculated based on K=1.79

m/d, depth of aquifer 90 m, t0=1 day and Sy = 0.03. It is found that 110 m is the safe

distance between two tubewells for continuous pumping in a day. It is expected that

tube well will recover drawdown in 12 hours for next day pumping. Accordingly the

Teranga aquifer constituting Cherty shale and dolomite is potential aquifer to sustain

discharge of 10.8 m3/hr. for 12 hour pumping through four no of tubewells separated

at a distance of 110 m each.

4.7 WATER LEVEL TREND :

The Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) has been monitoring water level through

permanent hydrograph network station over couples of decade. The water level data

for the Sikri Hydrographic Network Station for the period of 1996 to 2015 have been

used for preparation of Hydrograph. The study of CGWB, based on the long term

trend data, reveals that the trend is towards rising water level in last few years. The

water level of CGWB Sikri Network Hydrographic station is given in Table 4.6. The

Hydrograph prepared for long term trend is given in Figure 4.3


Minjal, Nagpur

23

Table-4.6

Water Level Monitoring Data (WL in m bgl)- CGWB Sikri H.S.

Location YEAR Jan May Aug Nov

Sikri Network station

1996 7.98 12.86 1.55 8.55

1997 11.3 13.22 2.79 6.6

1998 7.25 7.45 8.63 null

1999 null 12.75 1.85 null

2000 7.85 10.52 null 11.37

2001 12.74 13.45 1.05 8.23

2002 8.97 12.01 null 11.93

2003 12.87 12.25 11.92 7.65

2004 10 14.75 4.95 11.28

2005 6.37 null 5.86 10.52

2006 12.35 15.5 7.65 11.21

2007 14.75 14.75 0.65 9.99

2013 null 6.75 5.56 null

2014 7.1 6.35 4.86 null

2015 null 6.5 3.63 5.25 (Source – CGWB website)

Figure 4.3 Long Term Water Level Hydrograph


Minjal, Nagpur

24

5.0 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN CORE AND BUFFER ZONES:

5.1 GENERAL :

The groundwater resources of the core and buffer zones have been computed

following the methodology and norms described in GWRE 2011. CGWB has carried

out computation based on the Takhatpur Block as unit. The Takhatpur Block has

been declared as safe category as per CGWB report 2012-13. The site of the

proposed plant falls in the non-command area. The norms used for resource

evaluation as per CGWB are given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

The norms used for resource evaluation as per CGWB

Sr. No. Particular Unit Value

1. Annual Rainfall Normal 1343.6

2. Rainfall infiltration Coefficient 0.12

3. SP yield Coefficient 0.03

4. Natural Discharge Coefficient 0.5

5. Provision for 25 years Coefficient 1.28

6. Hydraulic conductivity of Dolomite & Cherity Shale fracture

m/d 1.79

7. Domestic m3/y/person 21.9

8. Irrigation MCM /km2 0.48

9. Industries MCM /Unit 0.165

10. Recharg by return flow Coefficient 0.20

As per norms in assessment unit, hilly areas having slope more than 20% are

deleted from the total area to get area suitable for recharge. Further, areas having of

groundwater quality beyond the permissible limit should be identified and handled

separately. The remaining area is to be delineated into command and non-command

areas. The Buffer zone have almost same litho unit and detrital mantle hence entire

buffer zone is considered single unit. The rechargeable areas considered for all as

single unit under the Cherty Shale & Dolomite and limestone, Chhattisgarh Super

Group is given below in Table-5.2.

Table 5.2 Recharge area

Sr. No.

Units of assessment

Area Km2 Area suitable for

recharge km2

Geographical area

Hilly Area

Poor Quantity

Command Non Command

1. Core zone (plant area)

0.0985 NIL NIL NIL 0.0985 0.0985

2. Buffer Zone 314 NIL NIL NIL 314 314


Minjal, Nagpur

25

5.2 Groundwater Recharge:

GWRE norms suggest that groundwater recharge can be estimated by rainfall

infiltration method as well as water table fluctuation method. Both methods have

been attempted. Due to non-availability of long term annual water level fluctuation

data for numbers of observation wells, rainfall infiltration method has been

considered for groundwater recharge assessment.

5.2.1 Groundwater recharge by rainfall infiltration method: The groundwater

recharge by rainfall infiltration has been computed based on GWRE Norm. Data is

given in Table-5.3. The aquifer is Dolomite/ Limestone/ shale considered under

hard rock terrain. Non-monsoon rainfall is 12.86% little more than 10% of the

annual rainfall. Considering the rainfall intensity recharge during non monsoon may

not be possible. Therefore, recharge by monsoon rain has been considered. The

gross ground water recharge in buffer zone estimated to the tune of 47.22 MCM.

The net annual ground water available is 44.86 MCM.

Table 5.3

Groundwater Recharge-Monsoon-Non command area

Sr.

No.

Unit

/Parameters

Normal

rainfall

Monsoon

rainfall

Recharge

area

Rainfall

infiltration

coefficient

Recharge

by

Monsoon

rainfall

Recharge

by other

sources

Gross

recharge

MCM

Natural

dis-

charge

5%

Net

annual

GW

available

Unit mm mm km2 CGWB

Norm

MCM MCM MCM MCM MCM

1. Core Zone 1343.6 1170.8 0.0985 0.12 0.014 - 0.014 0.0006 0.0134

2. Buffer Zone 1343.6 1170.8 314 0.12 44.12 3.10 47.22 2.36 44.86

(MCM – Million Cubic Meter)

5.2.2 Groundwater recharge by water table fluctuation method: The recharge by water

table fluctuation method, referred as dynamic groundwater resource, has been

estimated based on annual water level fluctuations observed during investigation

and secondary data. The dynamic groundwater resources have been considered as

change in groundwater storage due to rainfall recharge during monsoon. The

specific yield of the Barakar Sandstone/shale has been considered as per GWRE

Norm as 0.04. The recharge estimate is given in Table-5.4.


Minjal, Nagpur

26

Table –5.4

Groundwater recharge by water table fluctuation method

Sr.

No

Unit

/Parameter

Area Specific

Yield

Annual

water level

fluctuation

Groundwater

storage

Unit Km2 CGWB Norm m MCM

1. Core Zone 0.0985 0.03 5.0 0.014

2. Buffer Zone 314 0.03 5.05 47.1

The difference of groundwater recharge estimation by rainwater infiltration & water

table fluctuation is less that 10%. Accordingly, the groundwater recharge by rainfall

infiltration method has been considered for assessment of groundwater potential.

5.3 GROUNDWATER DRAFT :

The gross groundwater draft is to be calculated for irrigation, domestic and industrial

use. The gross groundwater draft would include the groundwater extraction from all

exiting groundwater structures during monsoon as well as non-monsoon periods.

5.3.1 Groundwater draft for irrigation : The groundwater draft for irrigation of different

crops has been considered for the average 120 days irrigation at the rate of

40m3/ha. The total area under irrigation is 3234.3 ha. This is an average of

groundwater utilization for difference crops. The groundwater draft has been

computed in the following Table-5.5.

Table -5.5

Groundwater Withdrawal Irrigation

Sr.

No.

Unit

/Parameter

Area of

groundwater

irrigation

Groundwater

draft

Annual 0.048

MCM/km2

20% of max draft

consumption as

return flow to

groundwater

additional recharge

Unit Km2 MCM MCM

1. Core Zone NIL NIL NIL

2. Buffer Zone 32.343 15.52 3.10

5.3.2 Groundwater withdrawal for domestic and Industries: Most of the area under

investigation is density populated and have about 15 industry reported to be

abstracting at the rate of 500 m3/day ground water for 330 days. The withdrawal is

amounting to 2.48 MCM/y. Total annual groundwater abstraction for proposed

washery is 0.36 MCM/y. The groundwater withdrawal for projected population has

been estimated following norms of 60 liters per head/per day for population of 389,


Minjal, Nagpur

27

341 for 365 days. The estimated abstraction of groundwater domestic use is 8.52

MCM/y. The total withdrawal due to domestic & Industry is 11.00 MCM. The

additional allocation for 25 years is estimated to the tune of 14.08 MCM as per of

recent assessment norm used by CGWB given in Table-5.6.

Table- 5.6

Groundwater withdrawal for domestic and Industries

Sr.

No

Unit

/Parameter

Present draft Total 25 year

Allocation Industry Domestic

Unit MCM MCM MCM MCM

1. Core Zone Nil Nil Nil Nil

2. Buffer Zone 2.48 8.52 11.00 14.08

Total 2.48 8.52 11.00 14.08

5.3.3 Total annual groundwater draft : The annual groundwater draft in respect of

irrigation and domestic/ industries for assessment is given in Table-5.7.

Table 5.7

Total annual groundwater draft

Sr.

No

Unit /

Parameter

GW draft

by

Irrigation

GW draft by

domestic

/industries

Total GW

draft

Unit MCM MCM MCM

1. Core Zone NIL NIL NIL

2. Buffer Zone 15.52 11.00 26.52

Total 15.52 11.00 26.52

The total annual ground water draft by all measure is 26.52 MCM.

5.4 GROUNDWATER BALANCE :

The groundwater balance of the buffer zone of washery Plant is placed in new

GWRE 2011 format as depicted in Table-5.8 and also placed under A, B, C, & D

sections.

Table-5.8

(A) Summary Report In Respect of Each Groundwater Assessment Unit

Groundwater Assessment Year 2016

Name of State/Union Territory Chhattisgarh

Name of Groundwater Assessment Unit Buffer zone of washery plant

Type of Groundwater Assessment Unit

(Watershed/Block/Taluka/Mandal) (BZ – Buffer Zone)

10 km around the Core

Zone (washery)

Type of Rock Formation Cherity Shale & Dolomite

Areal extent in hectares of core /5 km BZ/ Micro basin 31400


Minjal, Nagpur

28

a Groundwater Assessment Unit Buffer

b Command Area in Ha Nil

c Non-command Area Ha 31400

d Poor Groundwater Quality Area Nil

(B) Zone suitable for groundwater recharge and also of good groundwater quality

Sl.

No

Description of Item Non-Command area

(MCM)

Groundwater

Assessment Units

10km buffer zone

1 Recharge from rainfall during monsoon season 44.12

2 Recharge from other sources during monsoon season NIL

3 Recharge from rainfall during non-monsoon season NIL

4 Recharge from other sources during non-monsoon season 3.10

5 Total annual groundwater recharge (1+2+3+4) 47.22

6 Natural discharge during non-monsoon season (5%) 2.36

7 Net annual groundwater availability (5-6) 44.86

8 Existing gross groundwater draft for irrigation 15.52

9 Existing gross groundwater draft for domestic and

industrial water supply

11.00

10 Existing gross groundwater draft for all uses (8 + 9) 26.52

11 Allocation for domestic and industrial water supply upto

next 25 years

14.08

12 Net groundwater availability for future

irrigation development (7-10-11)

4.26

13 Method adopted for computing rainfall recharge during

monsoon season (Water table fluctuation method, WTF

47.10

14 If response to Sl. No. 13 is water table fluctuation method,

how was specific yield value adopted (Norms/Pumping test

/ Dry season water balance method)

CGWB norm

15 Existing stage of groundwater development as a

percentage ([10/7] x100)

59 %

16 Is there a significant decline of pre-monsoon water table

levels (Yes/No)

No

17 Is there a significant decline of post-monsoon water table

levels (Yes/No)

No

18 Categorization for future groundwater Development (safe /

semi- critical / critical / over-exploited)

Safe


Minjal, Nagpur

29

(C) Zone suitable for groundwater recharge but of poor groundwater : NA – Not Applicable

Sl.

No

Description of Item Non-Command area

(MCM)

Buffer zone

1 Recharge from rainfall and other sources, if any,

during monsoon period

Nil

2 Recharge from rainfall and other sources, if any,

during non- monsoon period

Nil

3 Total annual groundwater recharge (1+2) Nil

4 Natural discharge during non-monsoon period Nil

5 Net annual groundwater availability (3-4) Nil

6 Existing gross groundwater draft, if any Nil

7 Net groundwater availability for future use (5-6) Nil

(D) Additional annual potential recharge in hectare metres in the groundwater assessment unit : NA – Not Applicable

1. Waterlogged and shallow water table area NIL

2. Flood prone area NIL

3. Total NIL

Extract of groundwater resource estimation as groundwater balance is depicted in

Table 5.9 and Figure 5.1.

Table 5.9

Groundwater Balance

Sr.

No.

Particulars Cubic Meter (MCM)

10km buffer

i Gross groundwater recharge 47.22

ii Natural Discharge to drain and other losses – 5

%.of (i)

2.30

iii Net groundwater availability ( i–ii) 44.86

iv Annual Groundwater draft 26.52

v Allocation/Projection upto next 25 years for

domestic & industrial use

14.08

vi Groundwater balance { iii- (iv + v)} 4.26

vii Proposed ground water with drawal 0.36

viii Ground water left for future use 3.90


Minjal, Nagpur

30

Figure 5.1 Ground water Balance

5.5 STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT :

The area under investigation falls in the Takhatpur Block of District Bilaspur. The

stage of groundwater development of the Takhatpur Block as per CGWB-20013

assessment is 64.18%. The present stage of development of the buffer zone of

assessment is 59% (Table 5.10). It may be worth to record that the buffer zone area

is under safe zone and have sufficient availability of water for development as shown

in Figure-5.2.

Table 5.10 Existing stage of groundwater development

Sr. No.

Category Stage of GW development %

1 Safe 70

2 Bilaspur District 46.71

3 Takhatpur Block 64.18

4 Buffer Zone (Washery) 59

Figure- 5.2 Existing stage of groundwater development


Minjal, Nagpur

31

Discussion : The groundwater resource estimation of proposed plant area and its

buffer zone has been done as per of GWRE 2011norms. The Takhatpur Block has

64% stage of groundwater development, considering the maximum withdrawal of

groundwater for irrigation. The entire area comes under safe category of

development. The estimated stage of groundwater development 59 % in the buffer

zone of proposed washery plant. Though the area falls under safe category of

development, an artificial groundwater recharge and conservation through rainwater

harvesting have been proposed.


Minjal, Nagpur

32

6.0 WATER QUALITY :

Water analysis data generated during EIA/EMP have been used. The results

indicate that the water quality parameters are well within the stipulated standard [IS :

10500 of 2012 limit]. Water quality and certain common characteristics are described

in Table 6.1 & 6.1A

TABLE 6.1 Ground Water Quality Sampling Stations

(Source - EIA)

S.No. STATION DIRECTION DISTANCE IN KMS.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

1. Project Site --- --- Borewell sample representing project site

2. Ghutku NE 1.8 Sample from Govt. Borewell selected based on Topography (downstream)

3. Nirtoo NE 2.0 Sample from Govt. borewell selected based on topography (downstream)

4. Karhipara SE 1.2 Sample from Govt. borewell selected based on topography (downstream)

5. Jonki SW 2.3 Sample from Govt. borewell selected based on topography (upstream)

6. Ghana SW 0.6 Borewell sample representing Nearest Habitation

7. Pondi NW 3.0 Borewell sample representing Agricultural Activity & also based on Topography

(Upstream)

8. Bilaspur SE 8.0 Sample from Govt. Borewell representing commercial area


Minjal, Nagpur

33

Figure 6.1 A GROUND WATER QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS

Sampling Location: Project site Month: May 2016

S.No. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible

limit)

UNIT CONCENTRATION

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Project site

Ghutku Nirtoo Karhipara Jonki Ghana Pondi Bilaspur

1. Colour --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.5 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.5 7.1 7.2

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 3.2 1.6 1.5

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 580 489 385 550 495 624 410 635

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 355 305 281 421 342 455 280 426

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 233 200 268 243 214 252 185 259

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 132 126 174 171 142 161 111 156

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Mg) mg/l 101 74 94 72 75 91 74 103

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 165 145 245 210 163 185 145 189

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 83 122 96 102 72 115 65 76

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 121 173 139 142 120 195 96 121

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 3.1 2.3 3.6 2.8 2.2 3.6 2.6 3.9

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.42

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 85 78 99 91 70 76 82 96

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.025 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.029

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


Minjal, Nagpur

34

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l 2.6 3.3 2.7 3.2 1.9 2.6 1.8 2.8

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) Mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS

0.2 (1.0) Mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml)

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

(Source - EIA)


Minjal, Nagpur

35

7.0 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF PUMPING ON WATER REGIME:

The area affected by pumping plant is a function of tubewell depth and hydraulic

conductivity of the rock. The plant operational activity may create temporary dis-

equilibrium in environmental scenario locally and impacts may be on three accounts :

Impact on land surface

Impact on surface runoff

Impact on groundwater

7.1 IMPACT ON LAND SURFACE :

Within the core zone area, cracks and loosening of soil will be resulted due to

associated plant operation activities such as vibration. Due to this physical/textural

changes will occur in soil/formation. The pumping induced processes will increase

the rate of infiltration and recharge. The studies carried out for Indian condition have

established that rainfall-infiltration rates have been increased in the core zone area

due to vibration and lowering of water table thereby increasing the scope of

groundwater recharge

7.2 IMPACT ON SURFACE RUNOFF:

It is established that high infiltration zone will serve as good media for high

groundwater recharge and reduces the surface run-off considerably in the core zone.

Study carried out by modeling suggest that in pre-pumping condition the surface flow

will be 0.029 MCM of annual rainfall whereas in post- pumping condition the flow will

be 0.017 MCM. As such surface flow contribution to the natural drains from the plant

area would be reduced thereby some minor change is expected in hydrological

regime of the Local nala system. Thus there may be some marginal change in

quantity of surface runoff due to pumping.

7.3 IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER:

The area affected by washery plant is a function of impact on land surface. It is

observed that due to high infiltration impact will occur on unconfined aquifer. Study

has been done for rainfall infiltration in pre- pumping and post- pumping conditions.

The output data of modeling exercise reveals that 0.014 MCM of annual rainfall will

infiltrate during pre-pumping condition and 0.024 of annual rainfall will recharge to

system by infiltration during Post- pumping conditions. Thus, there will be net

increase in induced groundwater recharge due to pumping to the tune of 0.01 MCM


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36

in Plant area. It will result in increased groundwater recharge to water system. After

the cessation of pumping, the groundwater levels will recoup and attain normalcy.

Thus, the impact on groundwater system is a temporary phenomenon.

7.4 ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE :

As per CGWA Non area falls in semi critical zone. It is proposed to utilize total the

runoff generated from the plant and micro watershed area. There will be zero out

flow of surface water outside the project area. It is expected to recharge 0.182MCM

water into ground water system Table 7.1. The artificial recharge will balance the

possible impact by pumping on ground water.

Table 7.1

Artificial Recharge proposal

Sr.

No.

Location Proposed

artificial

groundwater

recharge

m3/y

Required artificial

groundwater

recharge

m3/y

A 5 MTPA Washery Plant 57155

181170 B Tukradih pond water body 23930

C Tukradih pond Recharge shaft 100800

Total 181885 181170


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8.0 CONCLUSION

M/s Paras Power & Coal Beneficiation Limited (PPCBL) has proposed to install 2.5

MTPA Coal Washery at Ghutku village, Bilaspur District,Chhattisgarh. The washery

is based on wet process. The water requirement of 1098 m3/dwill be met from ground

water. The Chhattisgarh MOEF & CC has granted TOR for the proposed project on

06.06.2016. One of the conditions stipulated in the TOR pertains to obtaining NOC

from the Central Ground Water Authority for the ground water abstraction. A details

hydro-geological study has been carried out for the project. The main observations

and findings of the study are as follows:

1. The annual normal rainfall in the area is 1343 mm, which constitute 87 %

monsoon rainfall (1170.8 mm).

2. The three major Cherty shale & dolomite aquifer system developed in the area

are given below:

a. Unconfined aquifer having depth range of 5 to 30 m.

b. Semi-confined aquifer having depth range of 30 to 70 m.

c. Confined aquifer in the depth range of 70 to 150 m.

3. The average water level in the core zone in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon is

10.00 mbgl and 5.00 mbgl respectively. The annual fluctuation is 5 m.

4. The range of water level in the buffer zone in pre-monsoon and in post-

monsoon is 3.4–18.6 mbgl and 1.00-11.00 mbgl respectively. The annual

fluctuation is 5.01 m.

5. CGWB Hydrographic Network station at Sikri shows normal trend and indicative

of cyclic ground water recharge.

6. The groundwater flow direction is from east to westand from west to east toward

the Arpa river. The general groundwater flow is from north to south following the

path of the Arpa river. There is confluence of hydraulic gradient towards the

river in the buffer zone.

7. During pumping, there will be induced infiltration due to withdrawal of water from

the system and creation of infiltration zone. The reduction in surface flow will be

0.012 MCM. The induced infiltration in post-pumping will increase groundwater

recharge to the tune of 0.01 MCM.

8. The water table in the buffer zone is in the range of 285 m a msl to 260 m a msl.

The average hydraulic gradient of ground water flow is 2.31× 10-3. In the core

zone water table is in between 280 and 275m a msl.

9. The project area constitutes Cherty shale & dolomite potential aquifer to sustain


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38

eight tubewells at a discharge rate of 10.8 m3/hr for 13 hr pumping in a day to

yield 1123 m3/d to abstract 1098 m3/day groundwater for the washery use. The

safe distance between two tubewells will be 110 m.

10. The groundwater resource estimation for 10 km buffer zone on annual basis has

been done following the GWRE 2011 guidelines.

- Gross recharge due to rainfall - 47.22 MCM. - Natural discharge - 2.30 MCM. - Net groundwater available - 44.86 MCM - - Annual ground water draft - 26.52 MCM - Allocation for next 25 years - 14.00 MCM. - Groundwater balance. - 4.26MCM.

- The stage ofgroundwater development - 59 % - Category of groundwater development - Safe

11. The additional withdrawal of 1098 m3/day for the proposed washery will cause

draft of 0.36 MCM. Even after considering the additional draft, groundwater

balance will be left 3.90 MCM for future use. Thus the area will remain under

the safe category on groundwater resources consideration. However, the

Takhatpur block comes under semi critical zone as per CGWA estimation.

12. The water quality of tube wells located within the project area and buffer zone

are well within the permissible limits. The washery will operate under the zero

discharge concept. There will be a sedimentation tank for reuse of waste water.

There will not be any ground water pollution due to proposed washery activity.

13. Possibility of rain water harvesting was explored. It was found that due to good

infiltration rate there will be acceptance of rainwater harvesting in the project

area with good recharge. It is planned to recharge 0.182 MCM m3/y through

Plant area and additional recharge through Turkadih pondat an estimated cost of

60 lakh including construction of two piezometers to monitor water level in and

around the project area.

14. As the area falls under the semi critical category as per CGWA and the total

requirement of groundwater is 1098 m3/day (0.36MCM), the Central Ground

Water Authority is requested to grant permission to abstract ground water with

0.182 MCM /y Rain Water Harvesting scheme to be implemented.

****

Documents

REPORT ON HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY GHUTKU ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/online/EC/...NOC from the CGWA. Figure 1.1 Location Map of Ghutku Coal Washery Report on Hydrogeological