Journal of Intellectual Property Rights Vol 6 March 2001 pp 121-133

Report of the Task Force on Traditional Knowledge Digital Library: A Gist

VKGupta

National Institute of Science Communication Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012

O~eceived 4 December 2000)

The Depal1ment of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy (Dept of ISM&H), Government of India, constituted an inter-disciplinary task force for preparing a report on establishing a Traditional Knowledge Digital Libraty (fKDL) in 1999. TIle objec­tive of the TKDL is to make accessible India's traditional knowledge to the patent examiners globally and to prevent the grant of patents on non-original inventions based on its traditional system. This is the gist of the TKDL Task Force Report. Besides describing the details of the tasks accomplished by the Task Force, it g ives TKDL vision view, its findings, recommendations, conclusions, etc.

In September 1999, the Task Force on Con­servation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants of the Planning Commission, Govern­ment of India, constituted a core group for integration and consolidation of database on medicinal plants. As a sequel to this, after detailed discussions among the members, the Group assigned the responsibility of pre­paring an approach paper on establishing a national traditional knowledge digital library to the author of this paper so that all the

documented information became accessible to the patent examiners globally with an ob­jective to prevent the grant of patents on non-original inventions from our traditional system. An article based on the approach paper has been published in the November 2000 issue of this journal+.

The Dept of ISM & H piloted the inter-min­isterial discussions on this approach paper to evolve a consensus on implementation of the TKDL. The approach paper was found to

+Gupta VK, An approach for establishing a traditional knowledge dig ital library, Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 5 (6) 2000, ~07-~ 19.

122 J INTELLEC PROP ruCHl'S, MARCH 2001

be acceptable for implementation. After a series of discussions, following conclusions were arrived at:

(i) Approach paper prepared by Mr V K Gupta, Senior Technical Director, Na­tional Informatics Centre, Ministry of Information Technology (Presently, Director, National Institute of Science Communication), may be adopted for implementation.

(ii) Out of 1,700 medicinal plants, initial priority will be assigned to selected plants, which have direct or indirect relationship with life expectancy. The digitallibralY in the current phase will only cater to the issue of prevention of grant of patents on non-original inven­tions.

(iii) The project shall be taken as 'team India' efforts by forming an in ter-disci­plinary task force as no single minis­by / department has the competence and/or wh erewithal to accomplish such a difficult task in a meaningful manner.

As a follow up of the above decisions, an inter-disciplinary task force comprising Ayurveda experts, patent examiners, infor­mation technology (IT) experts and scien­tists was constituted by the Dept of ISM & H with the author of this paper as its chairman. The terms of references of the Task Force were:

(i) To draft detailed specifications, project management, quality assurance plans for the project on TKDL on Indian sys­tems of medicine.

(ii) To prepare format to suit the World Intellectual Prope rty Organization (WIPO) officeforTKDLon Indian sys­tems of medicine.

(iii) To co-ordinate the data generated by respective teams of experts at various institutions in the counby.

(iv) To d ec ide the format, method of screening the texts of Ayurveda, method and style of documenting the knowledge so as to suit the WIPO for­mat.

(v) Any other matter relating to TKDLthat may emerge during the exercise.

The Task Force was to cany out, among others, the following activities through its various working groups: (i) identification of priority medicinal plants , (ii) finalization of references, (iii) final ization of traditional knowledge resource classification (TKRC) , and (iv) preparing data preparation guide­lines. It has already accomplished th ese tasks details of which follow.

This paper is the gist of the report prepared by the Task Force. The Government of India has recently approved the report.

Prioritization of Medicinal Plants

For id entification of priority medicinal plants, the sources available to the Task Force were the experts of the Dept of ISM & H, Council of Scientific & Industrial Re­search (CSIR) and international patent data­bases. The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has the largest number of patents filed on medicinal plants, out of which some of the patents have been granted for non­original inventions pertaining to Indian tra­dition al knowl edge . It was, therefore, natural to consider the database available at USPTO as a major source of information for identification and prioritization of med icinal plants. A list of 90 priority medicinal plants, which have been identified by the Task Force, is given in Annexure 1.

GUPTA: REPORT OFTHETASK FORCE ON TRADITIONAL ........ . 123

Finalization of Books/Texts/References

The TKDL Task Force identified 14 books/texts/references/ pu blications as candidate references for establishingTKD L. All these books/references/texts are in compliance with the base lines as illusb-ated below:

(i) None of the selected books/texts/ref­erences falls in the categories of an­cient manuscript;

(ii) All the identified books/texts/refer­ences are freely available to the public and can be procured by any member of public and/or library (Indian or for­eign) at a total cost of about Rs 15,000 only; and

(iii) (a) All the identified books/texts/ref­erences are in the well-known cate­gory, as these books are: (a) included in the Indian Drugs and Cosmetic (IDCA) Act, (b) well-known to more than 350,000 Ayurveda practitioners, and (c) are referred at under-graduate and post-graduate level courses in Ayurveda.

A list of the finalized reference books is given in Annexure 2.

Devising Traditional Knowledge Classifi­cation

The traditional knowledge needs to be placed in a structured form in order to Quickly retrieve the information on proc­esses for the preparation of drugs and its uses, details of plants used, therapeutic com­pound formulations, compositions, doses and diseases in which they are used along with the list of documents wherein such in­formation is available. Since this information will be used mainly by examiners working in the intellectual property (IP) offices glob-

ally, it is necessary that information is made available in a manner and language known to them.

The International Patent Classification (IPC) system has devised a way for storing or retrieval of information relating to inven­tions which are patented. However, under this system, the pharmaceuticals based on traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants are classified under A61K-35/78 which is related to pharmaceutical prepara­tions based on plant extracts. This class, however, does not specify the nature of plants, parts of the plants used and the dis­ease for which such preparations are used. The reason for this is obvious that IPC does not target traditional knowledge which is unclassified and is in unstructured form.

For devising TKRC, books containing names of various medicinal plants, list con­taining parts of the plants, various physical forms, list of diseases, list of animals, list of metals and non-metals, inorganic and or­ganic and other minerals used in Ayurveda were obtained from the Dept of ISM&H, the Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRA & S), and the Banaras Hindu University (BHU). The prepared TKRC was finalized after incorporating the suggestions of the experts from the above departments, organizations and institutions.

The TKRC is mainly divided into six sec­tions. Out of these, Ayurveda section is di­vided into four classes; class one is divided into five sub-classes, 34 groups and 3,220 sub-groups. Out of 34 groups, six groups are left undivided into further sub-groups. These classes, sub-classes, groups and sub­groups are part of Ayurveda section. Be­sides, there are common sections with other systems such as Unani for plants and dis­eases.

124 J INTELLEC PROP RIGHTS, MARCH 2001

The TKRC is devised as a classification sys­tem for the purpose of systematic arrange­ment, dissemination and retrieval of traditional knowledge resources. It is ex­pected to facilitate the digitalization of tradi­tional knowledge and to act as a meta library to provide a language, independent storage and retrieval of digitized information. This is devised by following the internationally well­accepted IPC structure which includes sec­tion, class, sub-class, groups and sub-groups.

The TKRC is mainly divided into the follow­ing sections:

A-Ayurveda

B- Unani

C - Siddha

D- Yoga

E - Naturopathy

F - Folklore medicine

Section A - Ayurveda

The Ayurveda section is divided into follow­ing classes:

Ol-Pharrnaceutical preparations (Kalpana)

02-Personal hygiene preparations

03-Dietary (foods/food stuff or bever ages)

CJ4..Biocides, fumigatives (Dhupana, Krimighna)

Data Collection, Organization and Tran­scription Methodology

Methodology of data collection and organi­zation has been evolved after validating the proof of concept on TKDL data contents which are being created to provide docu­mentation on our traditional knowledge in a language and manner understandable to pat­ent examiners globally. The proof of concept has been validated with the support of Ayur­veda, IT and patent experts. A three -tier

approach was adopted, i.e. 0) to cover all the references on four priority medicinal plants from available literature/books on Ayur­veda, Oi) to enhance the coverage by includ­ing details on processes and formulation s, and (iii) to prepare data abstract sheet strictly following traditional knowledge clas­sification. Under approach 0) about 300 ref­erences were abstracted on four major plants. On detailed examination, it was felt that a higher degree of sophistication is needed in terms of providing details on proc­esses and formulations, etc. Accordingly, under approach (ii) for the same four plants, details on processes and formulations were incorporated. Still it was felt that this may not meet the intended objective as the language may not be understood by patent examiners globally. Therefore, it was decided to vali­date a newer approach based on traditional knowledge classification, so that the TKDL portal can support multiple languages and could easily convert the traditional names into modern names. This approach was found to be extremely useful as it was found to carry out translation of traditional knowl­edge classification into multiple languages. TKDL portal can provide information in the languages and manner suitable to an inter­national patent examiner.

Further refinement has also been worked out, wherein data transcription shall be soft­ware driven to which traditional knowledge classification shall be integral along with the images of about 35,000 slokas (versus and prose).

TKDL Vision View

It is proposed to develop a TKD L Web-based search engine providing full-text search and retrieval of traditional resource information based on IPC and TKRC. The TKDL will provide the details on IPC and TKRC, key-

GUPTA: REPORT OFTHE TASK FORCE ON TRADITIONAL... ..... . 125

words, synonyms, dictionary of equivalents for Ayurvedic terminology, concepts and definitions, processes, formulations, and ref­erences to documents as well as the slokas (versus and prose) in the digitized form. The TKDL database with retrieval software will be available on the Web so that this informa­tion can be easily disseminated/down­loaded across the globe. TKRC will form the basis for classifying knowledge on tradi­tional resources up to maximum possible extent. However, a provision will be made to download the TKRC from the Web for pro­viding suggestion on its further enhance­ment . The suggestion received for enhancement of TKRC on the Web will be incorporated, if feasible. This arrangement will make the TKRC upgradable from time to time.

To integrateTKDLwith the Web-based pub­lic domain databases of global IP offices, the solution for development may be adopted as per the search features and user-friendly in­terfaces on full-text search and retrieval as available on patent databases of developed countries hosted on the Web.

The search techniques and methodologies forTKDLhave been defined keeping in view the search features available on patent-re­lated databases on Web sites of global IP offices. For providing full text search inter­face on Web, TKDL search and retrieval software may have to be developed.

The TKDL portal on the Web will be devel­oped with the help of information on con­cepts and definitions of Ayurveda, ISM & H and its background, TKRC and TKDL con­tents relating to 35,000 slokas (versus & prose) in Phase-I.

Concept and definitions on Ayurveda will cover the branches of Ayurveda, specialties, fundamental doctrines, etc. The TKRC will

provide the resource classification of infor­mation on traditional knowledge. Since the TKRC will be hosted on the Web in the public domain, we need to provide a down­loadable interface for the enrichment of TKRC in the near future.

Efforts will be made to render TKRC in multi-language for its adaptation at global level.

Efforts, Work Load Assessment and Cost Estimates

Efforts on TKDL can be categorized into three major groups: (i) efforts related to con­tents, (ii) software for search and retrieval, and (iii) maintenance. The Task Force has estimated efforts for creation of TKDL con­tents, development and implementation of software and maintenance of the TKDL por­tal. For assessing the contents creation ef­forts, a detailed study was carried out on all the 14 selected books/text/references by the Ayurveda experts ofTKDL Task Force. Accordingly, it was found that about 35,000 slokas (versus and prose) are required to be transcribed. As regards providing TKDL in multiple languages based on the meta file of traditional knowledge classification, it was found that with the translation of about 300 pages on traditional knowledge classifica­tion, details of Indian systems of medicine, etc, TKDL portal shall be available in multi­ple languages and shall have information in about 150,000 pages in each language for the use of international patent examiners.

Efforts undertaken are in the nature of either one time or periodic. Immediate target for TKDL is 35,000 formulations including 90 priority medicinal plants. The brief details of one time effort is:

a. Identification and prioritization of medicinal plants;

126 J INTELLEC PROP I~lGHTS, MARCH 2001

b. Finalization of traditional knowl­edge resource classification;

c. Identification of IPC applicable to medicinal plants;

d. Finalization of process and refer­ence classification;

e. Translation in multiple languages (in particular, UN languages) , the major static components ofTKDL, i.e. TKRC (process and reference) classification, Ayurveda concepts and definitions and background of Indian system of medicines and homeopathy; and

f. Abstrac tion of information on TKDL in the format of key attrib­ute sheet from identified sources and references. It will also be es­sential to scan and image all the basic slokas (versus and prose) as available in Ayurveda. The appli­cable IPC and TKRC codes will be embedded to provide link on other related processes and formula­tions.

Periodic efforts on the TKDL contents shall be of the nature of continued enrichment of TKDL. This enrichment will be needed in terms of additional references, enhance­ment of classification systems such as TKRC and continuously making efforts to provide TKDL in as many languages as possible.

One time cost on TKDL including 90 priority medicinal plants has been estimated at Rs 1.2 Cl-ores (US $ 300,000).

Project Management

After the constitution of the TKDL Task Force and adoption of the concept paper on TKDL by Task Force members, the priority was g iven:

(i) To constitute sub-groups on identify­ing and finalizing the list of priority­based medicinal plants;

(ii) To identify the books/publications on medicinal plants in Ayurveda fo r ex­tracting the information on priority­based plants;

(iii) To id entify the IPCs applicable to me­dicinal plants;

(iv) Devising the traditional knowledge re­source code on the pattern of IPC for classifying traditional knowledge;

(v) Framing an outline of the TKDL is detailed specification requirements; and

(vi) Study of the work don e by CSIR and CCRA & S in this direction.

TKDL Task Force and the working group have already accomplished the following:

- Preparation of specifications for award of contract relating to: (a) document imaging of slokas (versus and prose), (b) software for data preparation and software on TKD L por­tal.

- -Preparation of specifications and fin aliza­tion of details for: (i) translation ofTKRC, (ii) processes and reference classification, (iii) Ayurveda concepts, and (iv) details on In­dian systems of medicine.

- Identification of priority medicinal plants and identification and finalization of the li st of books/literature on Ayurveda.

- Identification of IPCs as applicable to Ayurveda.

- Preparation ofTKRC code directory.

- Devising TKDL key attribute sheet

- Assessing the efforts and extracting infor-mation (sample basis for proof of concept testing) from the selected available Iitera-

GUPTA : REPORT OFTHE TASK FORCE ON TRADITIONAL. ..... . . 127

ture on Ayurveda in the format ofTKDLkey attribute sheet.

- Devising guidelines and simplifying the process offilling-upTKDLkey attribute data sheet by assigning the codes to key attrib­utes, synonyms and other Ayurveda related terminology.

- Testing the key attribute sheet informa­tion as a proof of concept for preventing the grant of patents on the traditional knowl­edge systems on non-original inventions.

- Detailed specifications for TKDL project.

The Project schedules have been worked out by the TKDL Task Force to achieve the TKDL project objectives in respect of activi­ties of the TKDL Task Force, implementa­tion of TKDL project, acceptance by international IP community, etc.

Acceptance by International IP Community

IT plan of Standing Committee on Informa­tion Technology (SCIT) , WIPO, has specific focus on developing countries, in particular on their traditional knowledge. As per the adopted plan, SCITshall stand committed to provide resources to create traditional knowledge databases based on the available documents in the public domain to establish a 'prior art'.

The Approach paper prepared by India on establishing TKDL was considered by SCIT plenary session held in December 1999. The International Bureau of WIPO has sug­gested inclusion of substantive elements of India's proposal in the WIPO's main pro­gramme, and has assigned the task to the Global Intellectual Property Issue Division of WI PO.

USPTO has also suggested that India should capture traditional knowledge documents

electronically and to place them appropri­ately according to IPe.

In view of the positive developments as stated above, following course of action has been suggested:

(i) Technical contents of the Task Force report required to be dis­cussed at formal or informal level with USPTO with an objective to seek theirfeed back/suggestions.

(ii) At the next SCIT plenary session, India must make a formal request to make detailed presentation on TKDL as per the details finalized in this report.

(iii) The Government of India may consider formally sending the copy of the Task Force report to the Global Intellectual property Is­sue Division ofWIPO as has been suggested by WIPO.

(iv) India needs to make efforts to evolve consensus on inclusion of such digital libraries in the official list of international search authori­ties relating to non-patented litera­ture.

(v) India's expertise in the area of IT is well recognized. Therefore, to ensure that the TKDL project is adopted by global IP community, we must be willing to share our knowledge and expertise with other countries, who mayor are also keen to resolve their prob­lem~ in this area.

Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions

The principal findings of the Task Force are:

128 J INTELLEC PROP RIGHTS, MARCH 2001

(i) For creating TKDL (Ayurveda), one time cost of Rs 1.2 crore (US S 300,000) and time frame of six to eight months is needed.

(ii) For creating TKDL (in all the In­dian systems of medicine), One time cost of Rs 4.2 crores (US S 750,000) and time fram e of eight to ten months is needed.

(iii) TKDL can only be created by fol­lowing an inter-disciplinary ap­proach, i.e. by pooling the resources and expertise of related organizations.

Recommendations

(i) There is an extreme urgency to ad­dress the problem of fly-by-night in­ventors acquiring patents on our traditional knowledge systems.

(ii) There has been an increased focus on seeking patents on medicinal plants.

(iii) Pending government approval of the report, it will be useful to initiate paral­lel action in inviting request for pro­posal (RFP) for document imaging, software development, etc. on open tender basis.

(iv) TKDL (Ayurveda) has to be created based on 14 books/ text available in the public domain.

(v) Ancient or rare manuscripts in initial phase may not be considered.

(vi) Traditional knowledge classification must be enhanced on providing basis for all the Indian systems of medicine. It is recommended that for realizing this, the Department of ISM&H may consider reconstituting the existing TKDL Task Force with representation from Unani, Sidha, Yoga and Naturopathy experts and for enhanc-

ing the composition of existing work­ing group with experts from other dis­ciplines so that: (i) TKRC can be enhanced, and (ii) work load assess­ment on other systems of medicine can be carried out.

(vii) The following immediate actions have to be initiated:

(a) Inviting RFP for document imag­ing, software development, etc on open tender basis;

(b) Initiating inter-ministerial discus­sions on the recommendation of th e Task Force report;

(c) Reco nstitution of TKDL Task Force and working group for pro­viding coverage to the other sys­tems of medicine;

(d) To organize regional seminars on TKDL concepts and methodolo­gies for traditional systems of medicine including folklore, tribal and community knowledge sys­tem;

It shall be useful to initiate parallel actions on vii (a) , (b) and (c). This will facilitate accom­plishment of pre-project activities along with the project approval.

(viii) TKDL initially must be created in Eng­lish, German, Japanese and French, as these languages accountfor more than 98% of international patent application filing;

(ix) For ensuring that TKDL gets the full support and acceptance of offices such as USPTO, EPO and WIPO, etc it will be useful to involve these offices in the entire developmental strategy at for­mal and informal level.

GUPTA : REPORT OFTHE TASK FORCE ON TRADITIONAL ... .. ... . 129

Conclusions 140,000 pages works out to be less

(i) TKDL potentials and shortfalls were than 300,000 US$;

critically examined by renowned Ayur- (iii) The TKDL will make available the

veda experts and, accordingly, TKDL widely-scattered and distributed refer-

will have positive fallouts on academi- ences on our traditional systems in a cians, students, and practitioners of retrievable form; Ayurveda, Ayurvedic drug manufac- (iv) The TKDL will act as a bridge between turers, and common man at large with- traditional and modern systems of out any direct or indirect risk to medicine; Ayurveda.

(v) Availability of this knowledge in a re-(ii) India has successfully established the trievable form in many languages will

existence and availability of traditional give major impetus to modern re-

knowledge base in the public domain by getting cancelled the turmeric pat- search and perhaps many more Indian

enton "use of turmeric for wound heal- patents on our medicinal plants in the

ing" by USPTO and neem patent on area of modern research such as iden-

"method for controlling fungi on plant tifying active ingredients, biological

by aid of hydrophobic extracted neem activities, etc. may get granted;

oil" by EPa. However, it took two (vi) Sustained efforts on modernization of years for cancellation of turmeric pat- our traditional systems will create in-ent and five years for cancellation of creased awareness at national and in-neem patent. Our experiences on tur- ternational levels and will establish a meric and neem show that opposing scientific approach ensuring higher each granted patent on non-original acceptability of these systems by prac-inventions at global level is not easy. It titioners of modern systems and the is safe to say on an average it may take public at large; two to five years through opposition

(vii) No single department or agency has route (reactive path). At a conservative estimate, assuming two to three hear- the competence or wherewithal to es-

ings of the case in a year, cost on travel tablish the TKDL. Therefore, the

and stay itself (excluding the legal TKDLshould be taken as a 'team India'

costs) may be in the range of 200,000 efforts, wherein all the related depart-

to 250,000 US$, whereas the cost of ments pool their resources and exper-creating TKDL in four languages giv- tise on a long term permanent transfer ing coverage to 35,000 formulations basis to establish the TKDL within a having digital contents of about minimum possible time frame.

130 J INTELLEC PROP RIGHTS, MARCH 2001

Annexure I-Priority list of medicinal plants

S.No Botanical name of Qlants Common name

1 Aloe vera Kumari 2 Cyperus rotundus Mustaka 3 Nicotiana tabacum Tamraparna 4 Daucus carota Garjara 5 Linum usitatissimum Atasi 6 Citrus limon Jambira 7 Cucumis melo Kharbuja 8 Rubia cordi/olia Manjishtha 9 Commiphora mukul Guggulu 10 Cannabis sativa Bhanga 11 Centella asiatica Mandukaparni 12 Allium sativum Lashuna 13 Capsicum annum Lanka 14 Eclipta alba Bhringaraja 15 Azadirachta indica Nimba 16 Piper nigrum Maricha 17 Curcuma longa Haridra 18 Zingiber officianale Ardraka 19 Citrullus vulgaris Indrayana 20 Cocos nucifera Narikela 21 Abrus precatorius Gunja 22 Mangifera indica Amra 23 Cinnamomum camphora Karpora 24 Foeniculum vulgare Madhurika 25 Plantago ovata Aswagola 26 Carum carvi Jiraka-Krishna 27 Ocimum basilicum Barbari 28 Coriandrum sativum Dhanyaka 29 Myristica jragrans Jatiphala 30 Phoenix dactyli/era Kharjura 31 Crocus sativus Keshra 32 Punica granatum Dadima 33 Piper longum Pippali 34 Areca catechu Puga 35 Trigonella foenum-graecum Methi 36 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Twak 37 Boswella serrata Shallaki

Contd-

GUPTA: REPORT OFTHE TASK FORCE ON TRADIT IONAL ... .. .... 131

Annexure I - Priority list of medicinal pJants- Contd

38 Croton tiglium ]ayapala 39 Cuminum cyminum ]iraka-shweta 40 Mentha spicata Udinaka 41 Lawsonia inermis Madyantika 42 Cymbopogon citratus Bhutika 43 Elettaria cardamomum Ela 44 Terminalia chebula Haritaki 45 Acorus Calamus Vacha 46 Cedrus deodara Devadaru 47 Impatiens balsamina Dushpatrisati 48 Garcinia indica Vrikshamla 49 Nelumbo nuci/era Kamala 50 Tamarindus indica Arnlika 51 Dioscorea bulbi/era Varahikanda 52 Indigo/era tinctoria Nili 53 lnula recemosa Pushkaramula 54 Musa paradisiaca Kadali 55 NigeUa sativa Upakunchika 56 Butea monosperma Palasa 57 Picrorhiza kurroa Katuka 58 Terminalia arjuna Arjuna 59 Withania somni/era Ashwagandha 60 Vitex negundo Nirgundi 61 Zizyphus jujuba Badara 62 Achyranthes aspera Apamarga 63 Alpinia galanga Kulanjana 64 Brassica campestris Sarsapa 65 Callicarpa macrophylla Priyangu

66 Cassia fistula Aragvadha 67 Holarrhena antidysenterica Kutaja

68 Strychnos nux-vomica Vishamusthi 69 Aegle mannelos Bilwa 70 Albizzia lebbeck Shirisha 71 Asparagus racemosus Shatawari 72 Cinnamomum tamala Twak 73 Cissampelos pareira Patha 74 Crataeva nurvala Varuna

Contd-

132 J INTELLEC PROP RlGHTS, MARCH 2001

Annexure I-Priority list of medicinal plants -Contd

75 Cuscuta reflexa Amaravalli 76 Emblica officinalis Amalaki

77 Ficus religiosa Asvattha

78 H emidesmus indicus Sariva

79 Murraya Iwenigii Surabhi nimba

80 Nerium indicum Karavira

81 Ocimum sanctum Surasa 82 Plumbago zeylanica Chitraka

83 Pongamia pinnata Karanja (vriksha)

84 Pterocarpus marsupium Bijaka

85 Pterocarpus santalinus Paktachandana

86 Salvadora persica Pilu 87 Solanum xanthocarpum Kantakari 88 Trachyspermum ammi Yavani

89 Vitis vini/era Draksha 90 Zanthoxylum ala tum Tumburu

GUPTA: REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON TRADITIONAL .. ...... . 133

Annexure 2-IJst of finalized reference books

Title

Caraka Samhita ed

Susruta Samhita ed

Astanga hrdaya ed

Bhava Prakasa ed

Sarangadhara Samhita ed

Bhaisjya Ratanvali re and ed

Rasa Yoga Sagar ed

Rasa Yoga Sagar ed

Brhat Nighantu Ratnakar ed

Bharat Bhaisjya Ratnakar

Bharat Bhaisjya Ratnakar

Bharat Bhaisjya Ratnakar

Bharat Bhaisjya Ratnakar

Bharat Bhaisjya Ratnakar

Author, Publisher & Year of Publication

Cakrapani Sanskrit commentary & English translation by P V Sharma (4 vol)

Dalhan Sanskrit commentry & English translation by P V Sharma/G D Singhal (10 vol)

Arundutta Sanskrit commentry

Brahama Sanskara Sastri, Varanasi, Chowkhamba, Sanskrit Series 1956

Acary Radhakrsna Parasara, Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhawan Pvt, Calcutta 1961

Kaviraj Narendra Nath Sastri, Jayadeva Vidyalankar, Haridutt Sastri, Lalchandaji Vaidya, Varanasi, Motilal Banarasi Das 1962

Vol-I, Varanasi, Krishan Das Academy 1983

Vol-II Varanasi, Krisan Das Academy 1983

Part 1-8

Gopi Nath Gupta Vol- I Varanasi , Motilal Bana:-asi Das 1985

Gopi Nath Gupta Vol- II Varanasi, Motilal Banarasi Das 1985

Gopi Nath Gupta Vol- III Varanasi, Motilal Banarasi Das 1985

Gopi Nath Gupta Vol- IV Varanasi, Motilal Banarasi Das 1985

Gopi Nath Gupta Vol- VVaranasi, Motilal Banarasi Das 1985

The Ayurvedic Formulary of India Govt of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare 1978 1st ed Part I & II

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoiea of Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & family Welfare 1978 India 1st ed Part I & II

Astang Samgraha

Kasyapa Samhita

Sahasra yoga

Indu Sanskrit commentry

English translation by P.V. Tiwari

CCRA & S, New Delhi