JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING

JOINT TASK FORCE TRAINING

Form the Joint Task ForceForm the Joint Task Force

PurposePurpose

Familiarization with the fundamentals of establishing a Joint Task Force– Two Tiered Command and Control– JTF Design– JTF Staff Structure

ReferencesReferences JP 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, 24 Feb 95

JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 95

JP 3-56 Command and Control Doctrine for Joint Ops, Draft, Apr 97

JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 Jan 99

USCP Emergency Action Plan (Volume V) Sep 98

USCINCPACINST 3020.11B Organization and Administration of USCINCPAC Deployable Joint Task Force Augmentation Cell (DJTFAC), 10 Sep 97

Joint ForcesJoint Forces

Joint Forces are composed of significant elements

assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments and are

commanded by a JFC with a joint staff

JP 3-0, pg. II-10JP 3-0, pg. II-10

PRESIDENT

JOINTTASK FORCE

UNIFIEDCOMMANDS

CJCS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

FUNCTIONALCOMPONENT

SUBORDINATEUNIFIED

COMMAND

MILITARYDEPARTMENTS

Service Forces(Not assigned by

“Forces For”)SERVICECOMPONENTCOMMANDS

SERVICECOMPONENTS/

FORCES

CO COM

OP CON

Chain of Command and ControlChain of Command and Control

Chain of CommandCoordination

PACOM Command StructurePACOM Command Structure

Operational Level

TacticalLevel

CINC

USACOMP

SOFCOMP

USMCCOMP

USAFCOMP

USNCOMP

JTF

USACOMP

SOFCOMP

USMCCOMP

USAFCOMP

USNCOMP

NCA

SPTCINC

Chain of CommandCoordination

CJCS

JPOTF

StrategicTheater

StrategicNational

TIER I

TIER II

Joint Task Force Joint Task Force

NEO

DisasterRelief/

HA

PeaceKeeping

PeaceEnforcement

SSC

CM

JP 0-2, pg. IV-9JP 0-2, pg. IV-9

A JTF is formed or designated by SECDEF, a CINC or an existing JTF Commander for a specific limited objective and dissolved upon achieving its assigned objectives

A JTF is formed or designated by SECDEF, a CINC or an existing JTF Commander for a specific limited objective and dissolved upon achieving its assigned objectives

JTF Employment in PACOMJTF Employment in PACOM

MOOTW / SSC is most likely scenario– Short Duration / Small Scale / No-Notice– Joint– Multinational / Interagency

Chain of Command: NCA--CINC--JTF Commander Use of JOPES Crisis Action Procedures Required

Bottom Line: Requires Joint Staff employing Joint

Processes

13AF13AF

Decisions affecting JTF structure

Decisions affecting JTF structure

Assigned Tasks JTF Mission

Required Capabilities Force Options

Force Options Component Structure

Component Structure C2 Structure

Basing Support Structure

Staff StructureForce

Structure

Staff StructureForce

Structure

Facts Decisions

A JTF that can:

Our GoalOur Goal

Rapidly plan in a complex setting Develop a plan which supports national and strategic

theater goals Continuously integrate logistics Orient on the enemy’s operational center of gravity Efficiently execute a plan based on the commander’s

concept Achieve synergy in the employment of all military and

inter-agency capabilities

JTF Component Structure (Service)

JTF Component Structure (Service)

CINCCINCCINCCINC

CJTFCJTFCJTFCJTF

AFFORAFFORAFFORAFFOR ARFORARFOR

Simplicity in aTime Compressed

Environment

Capabilities or functions

do not overlap

MARFORMARFORNAVFORNAVFOR JSOTFJSOTF

JTF Component Structure (Functional)

JTF Component Structure (Functional)

CINCCINCCINCCINC

CJTFCJTFCJTFCJTF

JP 3-56, Pg III-6JP 3-56, Pg III-6

Unity of

Effort

Organize by capabilities or functions

JFMCCJFMCCJFMCCJFMCC JFACCJFACC JSOTFJSOTFJSOTFJSOTFJFLCCJFLCC JCMOTFJCMOTFJCMOTFJCMOTFJPOTFJPOTFJPOTFJPOTF

Subordinate TF Structure Subordinate TF Structure

Unity of

Effort

Geographic or

Mission Specific

TFTFTRANSTRANS

TFTFTRANSTRANS

TFMEDTF

MEDJSOTFJSOTFJSOTFJSOTFTF EngTF Eng JCMOTFJCMOTFJCMOTFJCMOTFJPOTFJPOTFJPOTFJPOTF

CJTFCJTFCJTFCJTF

CINCCINCCINCCINC

MEF

USMC

CORPS

USA

TACTICAL LEVEL

MARFOR NAVFOR JSOTF JPOTFARFORAFFOR

JTF

NCACINC

The Leap to the Operational

Level

The Leap to the Operational

Level

FLEET

USN

AEF

USAF

SOP

A formidable challengeA leap from the “Comfort Zone”

JTF Staff MissionJTF Staff Mission

OperationalLevel Focus

MinimalTime

Philosophy Structure

Procedures

Not BusinessAs Usual

Plans

Pers Log

Intel

Ops

Cellular Staff

Structure Comm

Conducted by a “New” Staff

Crisis Action Planning

Phase I: Situation Development

Phase II: Crisis Assessment

Phase III: COA Development

Phase IV: COA Selection

Phase V: Execution Planning

Phase VI: Execution

Component StaffComponent Staff

COMMANDERCOMMANDER

N/G1N/G1 N/G2N/G2 N/G6N/G6N/G3N/G3 N/G5N/G5N/G4N/G4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

Forming the Joint Staff

Personnel/J1Personnel/J1 Intel/J2Intel/J2 Ops/J3Ops/J3 Log/J4Log/J4 Plans/J5Plans/J5 Comms/J6Comms/J6

DJTFAC

JTF

Designated Headquarters Staff Organization

PSYOPS,Civil Affairs,

Legal, Medical,Pol Mil,

Etc.

SOPs OperationalLevel focus

Forming the CTF Staff

N/G1/DPN/G1/DP N/G2/INN/G2/IN N/G3/DON/G3/DO N/G4/LGN/G4/LG N/G5/XPN/G5/XP N/G6/SCN/G6/SC

DJTFAC

CTF

AC1AC1 AC2AC2 AC3AC3 AC4AC4 AC5AC5 AC6AC6

Other Nation Headquarters

US Headquarters

SOPs CulturalDynamics

InfrastructureDifferences

CommunicationsTTPs Operational

Level focus

PSYOPS,Civil Affairs,

Legal, Medical,Pol Mil,

Etc.

What the DJTFAC Is:What the DJTFAC Is: USCINCPAC Staff (21)

– O-6 Team Chief– 1xJ1– 1xJ2– 2xJ3(OPS)– 2xJ3(Plans)– 3xJ3(IO/CA/PSYOP)– 2xJ4(Plans/Eng)– 2xJ5(TPFDD)– 1xJ5(Pol-Mil)– 1xJ6– 1xPA– 1xSJA– 1xMed

USCINPAC Components – PACAF (5)

Airlift & Fighter Ops Airlift Management Logistics & Ops Planners

– USARPAC (4) Logistics & Ops Planners Terrain Analysis Tm

– CINPACFLT (2) Logistics & Ops Planners

– MARFORPAC (2) Logistics & Ops Planners

– JICPAC (6) IAT Officers & NCOs

– SOCPAC (1)TRAINED---EXPERIENCED---READY TO DEPLOY---WORK FOR THE JTF

Other JTF AugmentationOther JTF Augmentation Public affairsPublic affairs

JOPESJOPES

Logistics Readiness Center (LRC), JLCCLogistics Readiness Center (LRC), JLCC

SOF-CA, PSYOPSOF-CA, PSYOP

LegalLegal

Host nationHost nation

LiaisonLiaison

Service componentService component CoalitionCoalition NGO, PVO, OGANGO, PVO, OGA TRANSCOMTRANSCOM DOD agencies DOD agencies (DMA, CIA, etc.)(DMA, CIA, etc.) USSPACECOMUSSPACECOM MedicalMedical Pol-Mil POLADPol-Mil POLAD JULLS, JAARS (Lessons Learned)JULLS, JAARS (Lessons Learned) Contracting officialContracting official Establish a CMOC Establish a CMOC (Civil-Military Operations Center)(Civil-Military Operations Center)

The Result: A JTF StaffThe Result: A JTF Staff

CJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

LIAISON

Command Group

Battle Staff

Integrated Staff Cells

Routine Support

Liaison

How Does It Work?

The JTF StaffThe JTF Staff

Task Organized to the Specific Mission

Capable of Rapid Information Processing

Organized for Efficiency

Shortened Plan-Decide-Execute Cycle

Routine Staff SupportRoutine Staff Support

More Closely Aligned with Normal Staff Organization

Representatives on Integrated Cell

More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm

Linkage to staffs higher and lower

CJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

LIAISON

Command GroupCommand Group Decision MakersCJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

LIAISON

Battle StaffBattle Staff

Chief of Staff Direction

“Board of Directors” Staff Cognizance

over Integrated Cells Represents all Key

Battlefield Operating Systems

Deals with Processed Data

CJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

LIAISON

Integrated Staff CellsIntegrated Staff Cells

Cross Functional Representation

LNO Representation

Information Management

Battle Rhythm

Planning Handover

CJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

JOINT PLANNING GROUP

INFORMATION OPERATIONS CELL

JOINT OPERATIONS CENTER

TPFDD WORKING GROUP

LIAISON

Integrated Staff CellsIntegrated Staff Cells JOINT RECEPTION

CENTER EPW MANAGEMENT

BOARD JOINT INTERROGATION

CELL JOINT COLLECTION

BOARD FORCE FIRES JOINT TARGET BOARD CIVIL MILITARY OPS

CENTER REAR AREA OPERATIONS

CTR JOINT MOVEMENT CONT

CTR JOINT FACILITIES UTIL BD JOINT AV LOG SPT BD JOINT MATERIAL

PRIORITY ALLOCATION BD

OPERATIONAL PLANNING TM POLITICAL MILITARY GROUP COMMUNICATIONS COORD

CELL RULES OF ENGAGE COMM JOINT DISEASE CONT BD JOINT INFORMATION BUREAU MORALE, WELFARE, AND

RECREATION MILITARY COORD CENTER JOPES CELL SECURITY ASSESSMENT

TEAM SPECIAL OPS CELL JOINT MEDICAL CONT BD HEALTH SERV SPT BD JOINT VISITORS BUREAU INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CTR JULLS TEAM JOINT MORTUARY AFF BD

JOINT CONTRACTING BD

FUTURE PLANS JOINT AWARDS

BOARD JOINT CAPTURED

MATERIAL EXPLOIT CELL

FUTURE OPERATIONS COMBAT

OPERATIONS CENTER JOINT MOBILITY AND

ENG BD TRNG READINESS

COMM JOINT TERRAIN

MANAGE BD LOGISTICS

READINESS CENTER JOINT PETROLEUM BD JOINT LOG COORD BD JOINT HNS SPT BD

LiaisonLiaison

Liaison higher and lower Liaisons to JTF staff

become key members of Integrated Cells

More meetings than Bodies: Battle Rhythm

Rank/Experience critical: Must be able to speak for the commander

CJTFCJTF

J1J1 J2J2 J6J6J3J3 J5J5J4J4

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

FUNCTIONAL

STAFF

LIAISON

“They are crucial to success, and you have to pick your best people. They have to have the moxie to stand up in front of a two or four star general, and brief him on what their commander is thinking, their unit’s capabilities, and make their recommendations.”

“They are crucial to success, and you have to pick your best people. They have to have the moxie to stand up in front of a two or four star general, and brief him on what their commander is thinking, their unit’s capabilities, and make their recommendations.”

LTG Stiner, USACdr, JTF South, Operation Just Cause

Joint Task Force FocusJoint Task Force Focus

“Unity of Command and Simplicity remain the key principles to be considered when designing a JTF command architecture.”

Somalia Operations: Lessons LearnedSomalia Operations: Lessons LearnedJan 95, Page 61Jan 95, Page 61

Command RelationshipsCommand Relationships

OPCON• Authoritative direction for all Military Operations• Organize and employ Commands and Forces• Assign Command functions to subordinates• Establish plans/requirements for intel activity• Suspend/reassign subordinate commanders

TACON• Local direction and control of movements• Typical in Functional Command structure

Command RelationshipsCommand Relationships

“... there should be no mistaking the fact that the greatest obstacles to unity of command during UNOSOM II were imposed by the United States on itself . . . command arrangements had effectively created a condition that allowed no one to set clear, unambiguous priorities in designing and executing a comprehensive force package.”

Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned Jan 95, Page 60

Command RelationshipsCommand Relationships

Existing war plans assigned to Commandant, 14th Naval District, the sharing of joint supervisory control over the defense against air attack; working with the army to have their air defense guns emplaced; exercising supervisory control over navy shore based aircraft; and arranging through Commander, Patrol Wing 2 for coordination of the joint air effort.

Prange, Prange, At Dawn We SleptAt Dawn We Slept

JTF Staff OrganizationJTF Staff Organization

CHIEF OF

STAFF

DEPUTYCJTF

J1

J2

J3J4

J5

J6JCCCJCCC

LRCLRC

JMCJMC

JOCJOC

JSRCJSRC

JRCJRC

JISEJISE

PUBLICAFFAIRS

JIBJIB

CHAP

$ COMP $ LEGAL

JVBJVB

SURGEON

JPGJPG

CMOCCMOCJTCBJTCB

RECOMMENDED

DeputyCJTF

J-5

J-4 J-3

J-2

J-1J-6

Chiefof

Staff

JointCommunications

Control Center

JointPlanning Group

Sub Area PetroleumOffice

LogisticsReadiness Center

FacilitiesUtilization Board

Joint MovementCenter

Joint OperationsCenter

Joint InformationBureau

PublicAffairs

Joint VisitorsBureau

Chaplain

ComptrollerLegal

Advisor

Surgeon

Joint BloodProgram Office

Patient MovementRequirements Center

Joint ReceptionCenter

Joint InterrogationFacility

Joint Document

ExploitationCenter

CapturedMaterial Exploitation

Center

JointSearch and Rescue

Center

Civil MilitaryOperations Center

Joint TargetingCoordination Board

Joint IntelligenceSupport Element

National SupportTeam

RecommendedAS RequiredCJTF DeterminesStaff Relationship

Joint MortuaryAffairs Office

F2C2

PersonalStaff

JFACC ?JFACC ?

“The JFC will normally designate a JFACC. The JFC will base the decision to designate a JFACC on several factors such as:”– Mission– Concept of Operations– Tasks to Subordinate Units– Forces Available– Duration and Nature of Air Operations Desired– Degree of Unity of C2 of Joint Air Ops Required

JP 3-56.1, Pg II-2

JTF OrganizationMultinational Operations

JTF OrganizationMultinational Operations

“Nothing that I have ever been taught prepared me for the mental jump needed to go from being Chief of Operations in NATO army group to being Chief of Staff of a UN Operation, where I had to bring together the staff from ten different nations and staff the deployment in less than three weeks from the Security Resolution.”

Major General R.A. Major General R.A. Cordy-Simpson UKARCordy-Simpson UKAR

CARFORCARFORCARFORCARFOR

USARFOR

USARFOR

AlliedARFORAllied

ARFORUS

NAVFORUS

NAVFORAllied

NAVFORAllied

NAVFOR

CAFFORCAFFORCAFFORCAFFOR

USAFFOR

USAFFOR

AlliedAFFORAllied

AFFOR

DMFCDMFC

When Used: Common Language, National Objectives, Good Interoperability

MULTINATIONALFORCE

COMMANDER

MULTINATIONALFORCE

COMMANDER

“Integrated” Command Structure

“Integrated” Command Structure

CNAVFORCNAVFORCNAVFORCNAVFOR

Allied NationOther

Components

U.S.Naval

Component

U.S.Naval

Component

InternationalAlliance AuthInternationalAlliance Auth

Combined CMD

Nat’l COCOM

When Used: Significant Language or National Objective Differences or Poor Interoperability

MULTINATIONALFORCE

COMMANDER

MULTINATIONALFORCE

COMMANDER

Allied NationArmy

Component

Allied NationArmy

Component

U.S.Army

Component

U.S.Army

Component

U.S.Air Force

Component

U.S.Air Force

Component

AlliedNat’l Cmd

AlliedNat’l Cmd

“Lead Nation” Command Structure“Lead Nation” Command Structure

U.S. UnifiedCommand

U.S. UnifiedCommand

Command Relationships

– Budget and PPBS input– Assignment of subordinate commanders– Relations with DOD agencies– Convening of courts martial– Exercising directive authority for logistics– Authoritative direction for all military operations and joint training – Organizes and employs commands and forces– Assign command functions to subordinates– Establishes plans and requirements for intelligence activity– Suspend from duty subordinate commanders

Combatant Command (command authority) (COCOM)(Unique to Combatant Commander)

WhenSUPPORT

relationshipis

delegated

Aids, assists, protects, or

sustains anotherorganization

When OPCON

is delegated

When TACON

is delegated

A F S C05-24-95

JP017 Gd-g

Locally directs and controls movements or maneuvers to accomplish mission

JTF Lessons Learned...JTF Lessons Learned...

Lessons Learned: FormingLessons Learned: Forming

Lessons Learned: PlanningLessons Learned: Planning

“Master the mechanics & techniques; understand the art and profession; and be smart enough to know when to deviate from it.” GEN Zinni, CINCCENT

“Leaders should use the military decision-making process to expedite or facilitate planning, but should not let it hinder their efforts to understand the complex issues that lay beneath the operation’s surface.” LTC D. Scalard, Military Review, 1998

Lessons Learned: DeployingLessons Learned: Deploying

Lessons Learned: EmployingLessons Learned: Employing

Deter… Fight to win...

Lessons Learned: TransitionLessons Learned: Transition

Transition may occur between the JTF and another US command, with another military command (i.e. UN follow-on forces), with host nation forces, or to civilian control. Regardless, both commands must prepare for and coordinate the transition to ensure an orderly change of authority and responsibility.

Lessons Learned: Redeploying

Lessons Learned: Redeploying

Redeployment is essentially the reverse of deployment. Redeployment can begin at any point during JTF operations and planning should begin as soon as possible.

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?