Report of the Committee on J. - NFPA 231C ~ A98 ROP Exception No. 1: Up to 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard commodity, within the scope of dais standard, may be present in an area

Report o f the Committee on

Rack Storage

William P. Thomas, Jr., Chair Kemper Nat'l Insurance Cos., IL [I]

William M. Carey, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] Ralph E. Collins, R. E. Collins Assoc., MA [SE] Robert B. Combs, Johnson & Higgins of Washington Inc~, WA [I] Herbert N. Davidson, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., MA [I]

Rep. The Alliance of American Insurers Caslmlr j . Drygas, Jr., M&M Protection Consuluants, NY [I] Robert C. Everson, Calabash, NG [SE] James G. Gallup, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc., IL [SE] William W. Glassmyer, St. Onge Ruff & Assn., Inc., PA [SE] William J. Gotto, Avenel Fire Dept, NJ [E] Anthony C. Gumkowski, Travelers Insurance Cos, CT [I] JsOSeph B. Hankins, Jr., Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA [I]

ultan M. Javeri, AXA - AGR, France [I] Richard S. Johnson, Hilton Head, SG [U]

Rep. TG on General Storage Tom Lawrence, Smith Fire Sprinkler Co., Inc., FL [IM]

Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc. Novell Liston, Rapistan Demag, UT [IM]

Rep. Material Handling Inst. Inc. PeterJ. MeWilliams, Eastman Kodak Co., NY [U] Navin D. Mehta, U.S. Defense Logistic Agency (DLA-MMBI), VA

[U] Jerome P. Merkel, United Sprinkler, Inc., MN [IM] Andy Miller, Hallmark Cards Inc., MO [U]

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Gerald W. O'Rourke, O'Rourke & Go., CA [SE] Gene V. Paolucci, Yasuda Fire & Marine Insurance Co. of America,

NY [ll Rep. American Insurance Services Group, Inc

Douglas Rice, Central Sprinkler Corp., PA [M] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc

Chester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engr Corp., NC [SE] Todd E. Schumann, Industrial Risk Insurers, IL [I]

Rep. Industrial Risk Insurers Jack Thacker, Allan Automatic Sprinkler Corp. of Sotilern

California, CA [IM] Rep. Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn.

William J. Tomes, Tomes, VanRickley & Assoc., GA [SE] Rep. Home Depot

Alternates

Donald "Don" D. Becker, Midland Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc., MO [IMI

(Alt. to T. Lawrence) Leo W. Fleury, Jr., Grinnell Corp., RI [M]

(Voting Alt. to NFSA (Mfg.) Rep.) Roland J. Hugglns, American Fire Sprinkler Assn., TX [M]

(AIC to D. Rice)

Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY [IM] (All. to J. Thacker)

Dennis P. Jenkins, Kemper Nat'l Insurance Cos., NC [I] (All. to W. P. Thomas)

Keith C. Kremkow, Johnson & Higgins, IL [I] (Alt. to R. B. Combs)

George E. Laverick, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] (AlL to W. M. Carey)

Russell Leavitt, Tomes Van Rickley and Assoc., CA [SE] (Alt. to W.J. Tomes)

Francis J. Mikloueieh, Eastman Kodak Co., NY [U] (AIt. to P.J. McWilliams)

Donald C. Moeller, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc., CA [SE] (Alt. to J. G. Gallup)

Mark Oliszewlcz, Schirmer Engr Corp., IL [SE] (Alt. to C. W. Schirmer)

Paul F. Roberto, Wausau HPR Engr, MI [I] (AI~ to H. N. Davidson)

Arthur H. Roede, DuPont Films, DE [U] (Alt. to A. Miller)

Robert D. Spauldlng, Factory Mutual Research, MA [I] (Alt. to J. B. Hankins)

Lee F. West, Travelers Insurance Co., CT [I] (Alt. to A. C. Gumkowski)

Shaft Liaison: Milosh T. Puchovsky

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that tirn~ changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of this document.

Commit tee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on fire prevention and fire protection considerations for tile rack storage of materials, including automatic systems. This Committee also shall have primary responsibility for emergency operations, including fire fighting operations in facilities used for tile rack storage of materials.

The Report of die Technical Committee on Rack Storage is presented for adoption.

This Report was prepared by tile Technical Commit tee on Rack Storage, and proposes for adoption amendments to NFPA 231C- 1995, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials. NFPA 231G-1995 is published in Volume 6 of tile 1997 National Fire Codes and in separate pampltiet form.

This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of die Technical Committee on Rack Storage, which consists of 28 voting members. Tile results of die balloting, after drculation of any negative votes, can be found in tile report.

714

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

(Log #CP13) 231C- 1 - (Entire Document): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: 1. Throughout flae document where the terms "Standard Orifice", "Large Orifice", and "Extra Large Orifice Sprinklers" exist, replace diem with "1/2 in. (12.7 mm) orifice", "17/32 in. (13.5 mm) orifice" and "5/8 in. (15.gram) orifice" respectively.

2. Throughout tile document where tile temperatures 165°F, 212°F and 286°F are used to describe the temperature rating of a sprinkler, replace this description wida "Ordinary Temperature", "Intermediate Temperature", and "High Temperature". SUBSTANTIATION: 1. According to NFPA 13, which is referenced by dais standard, sprinklers sizes are now identified according to their nominal orifice size and are not identified according to a generic description of daeir orifice size.

2. According to NFPA 13, which is referenced by dais standard, sprinkler temperature ratings are identified according to file operating temperature range they fall into radler daan to a specific temperature value. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: CAREY: "Ordinary Temperatnre", as defined in NFPA 13, includes

sprinklers having temperature ratings of 135 to 170°F. The following definition should be added to NFPA231C:

"As used in this standard, ordinary temperature rated sprinklers are those rated 155 to 165°F ".

(;UMKOWSKI: To address the VELO sprinkler, 3/4 in. sprinklers should be added to the statement.

SCHUMANN: Item #1 is OK. In item #2, ordinary temperature classification ranges from 135°F to 170°F. In standards dlat were developed from tests using 165°F sprinklers, do we want to allow 135°F sprinklers to be used which could have an adverse effect on the number of operating sprinklers?

(Log #21) 231C- 2 - (l-l): Reject SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Add die word "warehouse" to Section 1-1 so that it reads: "This standard shall apply to die warehouse storage of materials

representing..." SUBSTANTIATION: To lay ,and clarify flint dais document is for warehouses, not retail occupancies. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tile term "warehouse" is too limiting wRh regard to tile scope of flae standard. The standard is intended to cover rack storage areas in all types of occupancies such as mercantile and manufacturing. The st,ancLard is not limited to warehonse applications only. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #7) 231C- 3 - (1-3 Cartoned (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Brian M. Nixon, Engr Field Activity Nordawest, Naval Facilities Engr Command RECOMMENDATION: Add new definition to read ,as follov~:

Cartoned. A medlod of storage consisting of six-sided corrugated or paperboard containers. SUBSTANTIATION: The term "cartoned" is critical to tile understanding of die decision tree found in Figure 8-1.1. A definition will clarify die intent to exclude "five sided, open-top" containers from tile provisions for ~cartoned" storage. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I evise definition as follows: Cartoned. A medaod of storage consisting of corrugated

cardboard or paperboard containers fully enclosing die commodity. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee believes fllat restricting file definition to six sides is too limiting as cartoning may include odler configurations. The Committee added die term

"cardboard" because types of corrugation other than cardboard exist. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


28

(Log #23) 231C- 4 - (1-3 Free Flowing Plastic Materials): Accept SUBMITTER: Kennedl E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Chan~e metric equivalents in flae Free Flowing Plastic Materials definition to liquid measure (ml). SUBSTANTIATION: The grams in die 1995 edition are incorrect conversions of ounces. Tile ounces mentioned here are liquid measures which should be converted to milliliters, not grams. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #22) 231C- 5 - (1-3 Movable Racks): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Kennedl E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: In Section 1-3, die definition for movable racks (bottom right hand column of page 231C-5), change the last sentence to read:

"Movable racks are required to be protected as muldple row racks." SUBSTANTIATION: The current text seems to imply dmt tlaere are times when a movable rack is not protected like a multiple row rack. This would contradict Section 5-15. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I In Section 1-3, in dae definition for movable racks under dae term [ rack, delete the last sentence.

Do not revise the last sentence as proposed by tlae submitter. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The intent of die submitter is addressed by existing section 5-15. Deleting die last sentence under the definition of movable racks as indicated, addresses die submitter's concern. NUMBER OF COMMIaWEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP9) 231C- 6 - (Chapter 2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: Revise Chapter 2 to read as follows:

Chapter 2 Classification of Storage

2-1" Commodity Classification.

2-1.1 General.

2-1.1.1 Commodity classification and the corresponding protection requirements shall be determined based on die make up of individual storage units (i.e., unit load, pallet load).

Commodity classification is governed by die type and amounts of materials -e.g., metal, paper, wood, plastics - involved in a product and its primary packaging. However, in a storage or warehousing situation it is also affected by such factors as die material of the main storage or shipping container, die amount of air space and die location of file more hazardous materials widlin the container. For example, a Group A plastic product enclosed in a 5- or 6-sided metal container could be considered Class If; while a ceramic product heavily wrapped in tissue paper and placed in a corrugated carton could be Class III.

2-1.1.2 Mixed Commodities.

Protection requirements shall not be based on die overall commodity mix in a fire area. Mixed commodity storage shall be protected by die requirements for die highest classified commodity and storage arrangement.

715

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Exception No. 1: Up to 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard commodity, within the scope of dais standard, may be present in an area not exceeding 40,000 sq ft. The hi~ber bazard commodity must be randomly dispersed with no adjacent loads in any direction (including diagonally). If the ceiling protection is based on Class I or II commodities, then the allowable number of pallet loads for Class IV or Group A Plastics shall be reduced to 5.

Exception No. 2: When die higher hazard material can be confined to a designated area and properly protected for that area.

2-1.2 Pallet Types.

When loads are palletized, die use of wooden or metal pallets is assumed in file classification of commodities. When plastic pallets are used, the classification of the commodity unit shall be increased one class (i.e., Class III will become class IV and Class IV will become Group A Plastics). No increase is required for Group A Plastic commodity.

Exception: When specific test data is available, the results of dais tara will take precedence in determining classification of commodities.

2-I.3" Commodity Classes.

2-1.3.1" Class I commodity is defined as noncombustible products that are:

(a) placed directly upon wooden pallets or,

(b) in single layer corrngated cartons, with or without single thickness cardboard dividers, with or without pallets or,

(c) shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets.

2-1.3.2 Class II commodity is defined as noncombustible products d/at are in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple- layered corrngated cartons or equivalent combustible packaging material, with or without pallets.

2-1.3.3" Class III commodity is defined as products fashioned from wood, paper, natural fibers or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes or crates and with or without pallets. Such products may contain a limited amount (5% by weight or volume) o f Group A or B Plastics.

2-1.3.4" Class IV commodity is defined as products, with or without pallets fllau

(a) are constrncted partially or totally of Group B plastics or,

(b) consist of free-flowing Group A plastic materials or,

(c) contain within fllemselves or their packaging an appreciable amount (5% to 15% by weight or 5% to 25% by volume) of Group A plastics. The remaining materials may be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic fibers, Group B or Group C plastics.

2-1.4 Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber.

Plastics, elastomers, and rubber shall be classified as Group A, Group B, or Group C.

The following categories are based on unmodified plastic materials. The use

of fire- or flame-retarding modifiers or the physical form of the material could change die classification.

2-1.4.1" Group A.

ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) Acetal (polyformaldehyde) Acrylic (polymetbyl methacrylate) Butyl rubber EPDM (edwlene - propylene rubber) FRP (fiberglass reinforced polyester) Natural rubber (if expanded) Nitrile rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber)

PET (thermoplastic polyester) Polybutadiene Polycarbonate Polyester elastomer Polyetlwlene Polypropylene Polystyrene Polyurethane PVC (polyvinyl choloride - highly plasticized, with plasticizer

content greater than 20%) (rarely found) SAN (styrene acrylonitrile) SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)

2-1.4.2 Group B.

Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose)

Chloroprene rubber Fluoroplastics (ECTFE - ethylene-cblorotrifluoro-ethylene

copolymer; ETFE- ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-copolymer; FEP- fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer)

Natural Rubber (not expanded) Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6) Silicone rubber

2-1.4.3 Group C.

Fluoroplastics (PCTFE - polychiorotrifluoroethylene; PTFE - polytetraflu oroethylene)

Melamine (melamine formaldehyde) Phenolic PVG (polyvinyl chloride - flexible - PVC's with plasticizer content

up to 20%) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) Urea (urea formaldehyde)

APPENDIX ITEMS

A-2-1 Specifying the type, amount and arrangement of combustibles for any commodity classification is essentially an attempt to define the potential fire severity, based on its burning characteristics so the fire may be successfully controlled by the prescribed sprinkler protection for that commodity class. In real life, however, many storage arrays will not fit precisely into one of the fundamental classifications thus requiring the user to make judgments after comparing each classification to the storage conditions at hand. With die dlousands of products possible in storage arrays, it becomes impossible to define in words all the possible variations dlat could be acceptable in any class. As an alternative, to help the user, die Committee has classified a variety of common products in Appendix A, based on judgment, loss experience and fire test results.

Appendix A-2-1.3 is an alpbabetized listing of commodities with corresponding classifications.

Appendix A-2-1.$.1 through A-2-1.4.1 gives examples of commodities all within a given class.

A-2-1.3 Alphabetized Listing of Commodity Classes

Commodity Commodity Class

AEROSOLS (cartoned or uncartoned): -Level 1 Class III

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (cartoned or uncartoned):

- up to 20% alcohol; in metal, glass or ceramic containers Class I

- up to 20% alcohol in wood containers Class II

AMMUNITION (small arms, shotgun): - packaged, cartoned Class IV

APPLIANCES, Major (i.e., stoves, refrigerators): - not packaged, no appreciable plastic exterior

trim Class I -corrngated, cartoned, (no appreciable plastic

trim) Class II

716

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

BAKED GOODS (cookies, cakes, pies)

- f r o z e n , packaged in cartons (N°te 1) -packaged, in cartons

BARLEY, RICE, OATS: - packaged, in cartons

BATTERIES: - packaged in cartons - in blister pack in cartons Automobi le . filled(NOte 2) Truck or Larger

- empty or filled (N°te 2)

BEANS (dried): - packaged, c,-trtoned

BOTTLES/JARS: Empty, car toned - glass - plastic PET (polyedwlene terephdmlate) Filled noncomb, powders

- glass, car toned - plastic, car toned (< 1 gallon) - plastic (odler tllan PET)(any size) Filled noncomb, liquids

- glass, cartoned, - plastic,cartoned (less fl/an 5 gallon)

- plastic, open or solid plastic crates (Note 3) Filled noncomb, powders - plastic car toned or uncar toned (>1 g',dlon) - plastic, solid plastic crates

plastic, open plastic crates

BOXES, CRATES: - empty, wood, solid walls

- empty, wood, slatted (N°te 4)

BREAD (wrapped car toned)

BUTTER: - whipped spread

CANDLES (packaged, cartoned): - treat as expanded plasticGroup A Plastics

CANDY (packaged, car toned)

CANNED FOODS (in ordinary cartons)

CANS (metal) - empty

CARPET TILES (car toned)

CARTONS: Corrugated - unassembled (neat piles) - partiaUy assembled Wax coated, single walled

CEMENT (hagged)

CEREALS (packaged, cartoned)

CHARCOAL (bagged): - s tandard

CHEESE: - packaged, car toned - wheels, car toned

CHEWING GUM (packaged, car toned)

CHOCOLATE (packaged, car toned)

CLOTH (car toned or not): - natural fiber, viscose

Class II Class III

Class Ill

Dry Cells Class I Class II

Class I

Group A Plastics

Class 11I

Class I Class IV

Class I Class IV Group A Plastics

Class I Class I

Group A Plastics

Group A Plastics Group A Plastics Group A Plastics

Class II

Outside of Scope

Class III

Class 111

Class 111

Class I

Class I

Group A Plastics

Class III Class IV Group A Plastics

Class I

Class 111

Class 1II

Class II1 Class II1

Class I11

Class III

Class III

_ syntlaetic(Note 5)

COCOA PRODUCTS (packaged, car toned)

COFFEE: - canned, car toned - packaged, c~artoned

COFFEE BEANS (bagged)

C OTTON: - packaged car toned

DIAPERS: - cotton, l inen - disposable with plastics & non woven fabric

(in cartons) - disposable widl plastics & non-woven fabric

(uncar toned) , plastic wrapped

DRIED FOODS (packaged, car toned)

Class IV

Class 11I

Class I Class III

Class III

Class III

Class III

Class IV

Group A Plastics

Class III

FERTILIZERS (bagged): - phosphates Class I - nitrates Class 11

FIBERGLASS INSULATION: - paper-backed rolls (bagged or unbagged) Class IV

FILE CABINETS (metal): - cardboard box or shroud Class I

FLSH OR FISH PRODUCTS: Frozen - non-wax, non-plastic packaging Class I - w a x e d - p a p e r containers, car toned Class II - boxed or barreled Class II - plastic trays, car toned Class III Canned - car toned Class I

FROZEN FOODS:- non-wax, non-plastic packaging{ Class I

- waxed-paper containers, car toned Class I1 - plastic trays Class 111

FRUIT (fresh): - non-plastic trays or containers, Class I - with wood spacers Class I

FURNITURE: Wood: - no plastic coverings or foam plastic

cushioning

- with plastic coverings - widl foam plastic cushioning

ICE CREAM

LEATHER GOODS:

LEATHER HIDES (baled)

LIGHT FIXTURES (non-plastic) - car toned Class II

LIGHTERS (butane): - blister-packed, car toned - loose in large containers (Level 3 Aerosol)

LIQUOR (100 p roof or less, one gallon or less, car toned) :

- g l a s s (palletized) (N° te 6) Class IV plastic bottles Glass IV

MARBLE (artificial sinks, countertops) - cartoned, crated Class II

Class llI

Class IV G r o u p A P l a s t i c s

Glass I

Class III

Class II

Group A Plastics Outside of Scope

717

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

MARGARINE: - up to 50% oil (in paper or plastic

conta iners) - between 50% and 80% oll (in any

packaging)

MATCHES (packaged, car toned) : - paper - wood

Class III

Group A Plastics

Class IV Group A Plastics

MATTRESSES: - s t andard (box spr ing)

foam (in f in ished form)

MEAT,MEAT PRODUCTS: - bulk Class I - canned , ca r toned Class I - frozen, non-waxed, non-plast ic conta iners Class I - frozen, waxed-paper conta iners Glass II

frozen, e x p a n d e d p l a s t i c trays Class II

METAL DESKS: - witll plastic tops and t r im Class I

MILSk - non-wax pape r conta iners - waxed paper conta iners - plastic conta iners - conta iners in plastic crates

M O T O R S : - electrical Class I

NAIL POLISH: - 1-2 oz glass ca r toned - 1-9 oz plastic bo t t l e s<ar toned

NUTS: - canned , ca r toned Class I - packaged , ca r toned Class III

bagged Class Ill

PAINTS (friction top cans, car toned) - w a t e r - b a s e d (latex) Class I - oil based Class IV

PAPER PRODUCTS: - books; magazines; stationery; plastic-coated

paper food containers; newspapers, cardboard games or

car toned t issue products - t issue products , u n c a r t o n e d & plastic

wrapped

PAPER, ROLLED In racks or on side

ONLY] - m e d i u m or heavyweight In racks:

ONLY] - l ightweight

PAPER, WAXED (packaged in cartons)

PHARMACEUTICALS: Pills, powders: - glass bottles, car toned Class II - plastic bottles, ca r toned Class IV Non- f l ammable liquids: - glass bottles, car toned Class II

P H O T O G R A P H I C : Film - mot ion picture or bulk rolls of fi lm in

polycarbonate, polyethylene or metal cans, polyetllylene

bagged in cardboard boxes Glass II

- 35 MM in metal film cartriges in polyeflwlene cans in

Class III Group A Plastics

Class I Class I Class I Group A Plastics


Class III

Group A Plastics

[ INCLUDED IN NFPA 231C

Class III [ INCLUDED IN NFPA 231C

Class IV

Class IV

cardboard boxes -pape r , in sheets, bagged in polyefllylene, in

cardboard boxes - roll f i lm in polxcarbonate plastic cassettes,

bulk wrapped in cardboard boxes.

PLASTIC CONTAINERS: - non-combus t ib le liquids or semi-l iquids in

)lastic conta iners less allan 5 gallon capacity.

- non-combus t ib le l iquids or semi-l iquids in )lastic

conta iners larger t han 5 gallons - combust ib le or non-combus t ib le solids in

flastic containers and empty plastic conta iners

?OLYURETHANE: - car toned or unca r toned expanded

POULTRY PRODUCTS: - canned, car toned - frozen, non-wax non-plast ic conta iners - frozen, (on paper or e x p a n d e d plastic trays)

POWDERS (ordinary combust ib les - free flowing): - in paper bags (i.e., flour, sugar, etc~) Class 1I

PVA (poIxvinyi alcohol) resins: - bagged

PVC (polyvinyt chloride): - f l e x i b l e (e.g., cable jackets, plasticized

sheets) - rigid (e.g., pipe, pipe fittings) - bagged resins

RAGS (baled): - natural fibers - synthetic fibers

RUBBER: - natural , blocks in car tons - syntlletic

SALT: - bagged Class I - packaged, ca r toned Class II

SHINGLES: - asphal t coated fiberglass

asphal t impregna t ed felt

S H O C K AI~SORBERS: - metal dus t cover - plastic dus t cover

SIGNATURES (book, magazines) : - solid array on pallet Class II

SKIS: - wood - foam core

STUFFED TOYS (foam or synthetic)

SYRUP: - d r u m m e d (metal containers) Class I - barreled, wood Class II

TEXTILES: - natural f iber c lo thing or textile products Synflletics (except rayon a n d nylon): 50 /50 Blend or less - tilread, y a m on wood or pape r spools - fabrics - thread, yarn on plastic spools - baled fiber Greater than 50 /50 Blend - dwead, y a m on wood or pape r spools - fabrics

Class III

Class III

Class IV

Class I

Class II

Group A Plastics

Group A Plastics

Class I Class I Class II

Class IV

Class 1II Class Ill Class III

Class 1II Class IV


Class III Class IV

C l a s s I I

C l a s s I I I

Class llI Class IV

Group A Plastics

Class III

Class III Class III Class IV Group A Plastics

Class IV Class IV

7 1 8

N F P A 2 3 1 C i A 9 8 R O P

- baled f iber - dlread, yarn on plastic spools Rayon and Nylon - baled fiber - thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - fabrics - dwead, yarn on plastic spools

T O B A C C O PRODUCTS: - in paperboard car tons Class Ill

TRANSFORMERS (dry & oil filled) Class I

VINYL COATED FABRIC: - car toned

VINYL F L O O R COVERINGS: - tiles in car tons - rolled

WAX COATED paper ; cups, plates: - boxed or packaged inside car tons (emphas i s

is on packaging) - loose inside large car tons

WAX (paraffin, blocks, car toned)

WIRE: - b,'ue wire on metal spools on wood skids

bare wire on wood or ca rdboard spools on wood skids

- bare wire on metal , wood or cardboard spools in

cardboard boxes on wood skids - single or mul t ip le PVC covered wire on

metal spools on wood skids - insula ted - (PVC) cable on large wood or

metal spools on wood skids - bare wire on plastic spools in cardboard

boxes on wood skids - single or mul t ip le (PVC) covered wire on

plastic spools in cardboard boxes on wood skids

- single, mult iple, or power cables (PVC) on large plastic spools

- bulk s torage o f empty plastic spools

W O O D PRODUCTS: - solid piles; lumber , plywood, particle board,

p r e s s b o a r d (smoodl ends & edges) Class II

- spools (empty) Class Ill - toodapicks, clofllespins, hangars in car tons Class III - doors, windows, wood cabinets & fu rn i tu re Class III - patterns Class IV

NOTES:

Group A Plastics Group A Plastics

Class IV Class IV Class IV Group A Plastics

Group A Plastics



Group A Plastics

Class 1

Class 11

Class 11

Class II

Class 1I

Class IV

Class IV


1. P resumes produc t is in a plastic-coated package in a cor ruga ted carton. If packaged in a metal foil, it may be cons idered Class I. 2. Most batteries have a polypropylene case and, if s tored empty, shou ld be t reated as a Group A plastic. Truck batteries, even when filled, shou ld be cons idered a Group A plastic becanse of the

i thicker walls. 3 . As die open ings in plastic crates become larger, d ie commodi ty behaves more like Class IlL Conversely, as file open ings become

s m a l l e r , the p roduc t m a k e u p behaves more like a plastic. ! 4. Sbould be t reated as idle pallets. 5. Tests conduc ted clearly indicated synflletics or synflietic b lends

a r e cons idered greater Olin Class III. 6 Wben liquor is s tored in glass conta iners in racks, it shou ld be cons idered a Glass III Commodi ty . when it is palletized, it shou ld be cons idered a Class IV Commodi ty .

A-2-1.3.1 Examples o f Class I Commodi t ies .

A L C O H O L I C BEVERAGES (ca r toned or unca r toned ) : - up to 20% alcohol; in metal , glass or ceramic conta iners

APPLIANCES, Major ( i . e . , - stoves, refr igerators): - no t packaged, no appreciable plastic exterior tr im

BATTERIES: Dry Cells - packaged in cartons

Automobi le - filled (Note 1)

BOTTLES/JARS: Empty, car toned - glass: Filled noncomb , liquids - glass, car toned,

(less t han 5 gallon) Filled n o n c o m b , powders - glass, ca r toned

CANNED FOODS (in ord inary cartons)

CANS (metal) - empty

CEMENT (bagged)

COFFEE: - canned , ca r toned

FERTILIZERS (bagged): - phospha te s

FILE CABINETS (metal) : - cardboard box or sh roud

FISH OR FISH PRODUCTS (frozen): - non-wax, non-plast ic packaging

FISH OR FISH PRODUCTS (canned) : - ca r toned

FROZEN FOODS: - non-wax, non-plast ic packaging

FRUIT (f lesh) : - non-plast ic trays or containers ,

widl wood spacers

ICE CREAM

MEAT,MEAT PRODUCTS: - bulk - canned , car toned - frozen, non-waxed, non-plast ic con ta iners

METAL DESKS: - widl plastic tops and t r im

MILK: - non-wax paper conta iners - waxed paper conta iners - plastic conta iners

MOTOR.S: - electrical

NUTS: - canned , car toned

PAINTS (friction top cans, Gartoned) - water-based (latex)

PLASTIC CONTAINERS: - non-combus t ib le liquids or semi-l iquids in plastic conta iners

less d lan 5 gallon capacity.

POULTRY PRODUCTS: - canned~ ca r toned - frozen, non-wax non-plast ic conta iners

SALT: - bagged

SYRUP: - d r u m m e d (metal containers)

TRANSFORMERS (dry & oil filled)

WIRE: - bare wire on metal spools on wood skids

-plas t ic , ca r toned

7 1 9

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 2 E x a m p l e s o f C l a s s I I C o m m o d i t i e s

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES: - up to 20% alcohol in wood containers

APPLIANCES (major, e.g., -stoves): - corrugated, cartoned, (no appreciable plastic trim)

BAKED GOODS (cookies, cakes, pies)

- frozen, packaged in cartons (N°te 2)

BATTERIES: Dry Cells - in blister pack in cartons

BOXES, CRATES: - empty, wood, solid walls

FERTILIZERS (bagged): - nitrates

FISH OR FISH PRODUCTS (frozen): - waxed-paper containers, car toned - boxed or barreled

FROZEN FOODS: - w a x e d - p a p e r containers, car toned

LEATHER HIDES (baled)

LIGHT FIXTURES (non-plastic) - carton ed

MARBLE (artificial sinks, countertops) - cartoned, crated

MEAT, MEAT PRODUCTS: - frozen, waxed-paper containers - frozen, expanded plastic trays

PHARMACE UTICAL,S : Pills, powders: - glass bottles, car toned Non-fiammable liquids:

- glass bottles, car toned

PHOTOGRAPHIC: Film - mot ion picture or bulk rolls of fihn in polycarbonate,

polyethylene or metal cans, polyedlylene bagged in cardboard boxes.

PLASTIC CONTAINERS: - non-combust ible liquids or semi-liquids in plastic containers

larger titan 5 gallons

i POULTRY PRt)DUCTS: - frozen, (on paper or expanded plastic trays)

POWDERS (ordinary combustibles - free flowing): - in paper bags (i.e., flour, sugar, etc.)

SALT: - packaged, car toned

SHOCK ABSORBERS: - ulet~ dust cover

SIGNATURES (book, magazines): - solid array on pallet

S~qRIJP: - barreled, wood

WIRE: - bare wire on wood or cardboard spools on wood skids

bare wire on metal, wood or cardboard spools in cardboard boxes on wood skids

- single or multiple PVC covered wire on metal spools on wood skids

- insulated - (PVC) cable on large wood or metal spools on wood skids

WOOD PRODUCTS (solid piles): - lumber, plywood, particle board, pressboard (smooth ends &

edges)

A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 3 E x a m p l e s o f Class III C o m m o d i t i e s .

AEROSOLS (car toned or uncar toned) : - Level 1

BAKED GOODS (cookies, cakes, pies) - packaged, in cartons

BARLEY, RICE, OATS: - packaged, in cartons

BEANS (dried): - packaged, car toned

BREAD (wrapped car toned)

BUTTER: - whipped spread

CANDY (packaged, cartoned)

CARTONS (corrugated): - unassembled (neat piles)

CEREALS (packaged, cartoned)

CHARCOAL (bagged): - s tandard

CHEESE: - packaged, car toned - wheels, car toned

CHEWING GUM (packaged, cartoned)

CHOCOLATE (packaged, car toned)

CLOTH (car toned or not): - natural fiber, viscose

COCOA PRODUCTS (packaged, car toned)

COFFEE: - packaged, car toned

COFFEE BEANS (bagged)

C O T T O N : - packaged cartoned

DIAPERS: - cotton, linen

DRIED FOODS (packaged, cartoned)

FISH OR FISH PRODUCTS (frozen): - plastic trays, car toned

FROZEN FOODS: - plastic trays

FURNITURE: - wood (no plastic coverings or foam plastic cushioning)

LEATHER GOODS:

MARGARINE: - up to 50% oil (in paper or plastic containers)

MATTRESSES: - s tandard (box spring)

NUTS: - packaged, c.'u-toned

bagged

720

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A98 R O P

PAPER PRODUCTS: - books; magazines; stationery; plast ic-coated paper food

containers; newspapers, c a r d b o a r d games or car toned tissue p roduc ts

PAPER, ROLLED (in racks or on side) [ INCLUDED IN - medium or heavyweight NFPA 231C

ONLY]

P H O T O G R A P H I C : Film - 35 MM in metal film cartriges in polyefllylene cans in cardboard

boxes - paper, in sheets, bagged in polyethylene, in c,'u-dboard boxes

PVC (polyvinyl chlor ide) : - f lexible (e.g., cable jackets, plasticized sheets) - rigid (e.g., pipe, pipe fittings) - bagged resins

RAGS (baled): - natural fibers

SHINGLES: - asphal t coated fiberglass

SHOCK ABSORBERS: - pl,xstic dust cover

SKIS: - wood

TEXTILES: - natural f iber clodfing or textile products Syndletics (except rayon and nylon): 50 /50 Blend or less - thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - fabrics

TOBACCO PRODUCTS: - in pape rboa rd cartons

WOOD PRODUCTS: - spools (empty)

tooth picks., clodlespins, hangars, in cartons. doors, windows, wood cabinets & furn i tu re

A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 4 E x a m p l e s o f C l a s s I V C o m m o d i t i e s .

AMMUNITION (small arms, sho tgun) : - packaged, ca r toned

BOTTLES/JARS: Empty, ca r toned - plasdc PET (polyedlylene terephd~alate) Filled noncomb , powders - plastic, ca r toned (< 1 gal lon)

CARTONS (cor ruga ted) : - partially assembled

CLOTH (ca r toned or not) : . synflletic(Note 3)

DIAPERS: - disposable widl plastics &: non woven fabric (in cartons)

FIBERGLASS INSULATION: - paper backed rolls (bagged or unbagged)

FURNITURE - W o o d :

- w i f l l plastic coverings

LIQUOR (100 p roof or less, one gallon or less, car toned) :

- glass (palletized) (N° te 4)

plastic bott les

MATCHES (packaged, car toned) : - paper

NAIL POLISH: - 1-2 oz glass car toned

PAINTS (friction top cans, car toned) : - oil based

PAPER, ROLLED (in racks): - l ightweight

PAPER, WAXED (packaged in cartons)

PHARMACEUTICALS (pills, powders): - plastic bottles, car toned

P H O T O G R A P H I C : - roll film in polycarbonate plastic cassettes, bulk wrapped in

ca rdboard boxes.

PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resins: - bagged

RAGS (baled): - synthetic fibers

RUBBER: - natural , blocks in cartons

SHINGLES: - asphal t impregna ted felt

SKIS: - foam core

TEXTILES: Syndletics (except rayon and nylon): 50 /50 Blend or less - thread, yarn on plastic spools Greater than 50 /50 Blend - daread, yarn on wood or paper spools - fabrics Rayon and Nylon - baled f iber - thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - fabrics

VINYL FLOOR COVERINGS: - dles in cartons

WAX COATED paper; cups, plates: - boxed or packaged inside car tons (emphasis is on packaging)

WIRE: - bare wire on plastic spools in ca rdboard boxes on wood skids - single or mult iple (PVC) covered wire on plastic spools in

cardboard boxes on wood skids - single, multiple, or power cables (PVC) on large plastic spools

W O O D PRODUCTS: - patterns

A - 2 - 1 . 4 . 1 E x a m p l e s o f G r o u p A P l a s t i c C o m m o d i t i e s .

[INCLUDED IN] NFPA 231C ONLY

i BATTERIES: Truck or Larger

- e m p t y o r filled (N°te 1)

BOTTLES/JARS: Empty, Gar toned ~.pdlastic (o ther d lan PET) (any size)

led noncomb, liquids

- plastic, open or solid plastic crates (Note 5) Filled n o n c o m b , powders - plastic ca r toned o r u n c a r t o n e d (>1 gal lon) - plastic, solid plastic c r a t e s

- p l a s t i c , o p e n p l a s t i c c r a t e s

CANDLES (packaged, car toned) : - t r e a t as expanded plastic

CARPET TILES (car toned)

721

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

CARTONS (wax coated, single walled)

DIAPERS: - disposable with plastics & non-woven fabric (uncar toned) ,

plastic wrapped

FURNITURE - Wood: - with foam plastic cushioning

LIGHTERS (butane): - blister-packed, car toned

MARGARINE: - between 50% and 80% oil (in any packaging)

MATCHES (packaged, cartoned): - wood

MATTRESSES: - foam (in f inished form)

MILg~ - containers in plastic crates

NAIL POLISH: - 1-2 oz plastic bott les .cartoned

PAPER PRODUCTS: - tissue products, unG~.rtoned & plastic wrapped

PLASTIC CONTAINERS: - combustible or non-combusfible solids in plastic containers and

empty plastic containers

POLYURETHANE: - car toned or uncar toned expanded

RUBBER: - synthetic

STUFFED TOYS (foam or synthetic)

TEXTILES: Synthetics (except rayon and nylon): 50/50 Blend or less - baled fiber Greater than 50/50 Blend - baled fiber - thread, yarn on plastic spools Rayon and Nylon - thread, yarn on plastic spools

VINYL COATED FABRIC: - car toned

VINYL FLOOR COVERINGS: - rolled

WAX COATED paper; cups, plates - ~ inside large cartons

WAX (paraffin, blocks, car toned)

WIRE: - bulk storage of empty plastic spools

E x a m p l e s o f C o m m o d i t i e s O u t s i d e the S c o p e o f this S tandard

BOXES, CRATES:

- empty, wood, slatted tN°te" 6)

LI(;HTEP~S (butane): - loose in large containers (Level 3 Aerosol)

N O T E S :

1. Most batteries have a polypropylene case and, if stored empty, should be treated as a Group A plastic. Truck batteries, even when filled, should be considered a Group A plastic because of the thicker walls.

2. Presumes product is in a plastic-coated package in a corrugated carton. If packaged in a metal foil, it may be considered Class I. 3. Tests conducted clearly indicated synthetics or synthetic blends are considered greater than Class III. 4. When liquor is stored in glass containers in racks, it should be considered a Class Ill Commodity:. when it is pailetized, it should be considered a Class IV Commodity. 5. As tile openings in plastic crates become larger, tile commodity behaves more like Class III. Conversely, as tile openings become smaller, tile product makeup behaves more like a plastic. 6. Should be treated as idle pallets. S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : Review of data over the past 2 years has prompted the Commit tee to expand upon die commodity

lassifications. Information has also been added regarding the protect ion of mixed commodities. C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N : Accept. N U M B E R O F C O M M I T T E E M E M B E R S E L I G I B L E T O V O T E : 28 V O T E O N C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N :


C O M M E N T O N A F F I R M A T I V E : CAREY: Paragraph 2-1.2 permits the use of plastic pallets.

Paragraph 6-9.10 references increased water densities for solid flat- bo t tomed wood pallets. A similar criteria should also be specified for solid plastic pallets. Also, it appears that this requi rement should be moved to Cbapter 5, General Requirements, so that tile increase in densities apply to o ther Chapters.

GUMKOWSKI: Under the alphabetized listing of commodity classes:

BATTERIES o A filled automobile battery is a Class 1 commodity, while a filled

truck battery is a Group A plastic. This "feels" like qui te a dramatic spread in fire hazard. Are these conclusions verified by testing? Also, maybe "truck battery" needs to be better defined: Will a battery that goes into a large pick-up truck be classified as a truck battery or an automobile battery?

BOTTLES/JARS * BOTTLES/JARS: Filled noncombust ib le powders is listed twice

with different sub-listings. The two should be combined into one, larger listing.

* Tile size of the bott les/jars is identified as less than 1 (or 5) gal, >1 (or 5) gal, etc. To eliminate the question, ~What about exactly 1 (or 5) gal bottles?" I suggest all the "less than" listings be revised to "up to", so it would read "up to 1 gal" or ~up to 5 gal".

e What about filled noncombust ib le liquids > 5 gal? This sbould rightfully be listed as barrels or drums, but the proposal does not have a listing for barrels or drums.

o What about filled noncombust ib le liquids, plastic, uncar toned, less than (or up to) 5 gal?

SCHUMANN: Under batteries, the words "Dry cells" sllould be in the commodity column not the commodity class column.

Under barely, rice and oats should have their own entries. Under bottles/jars, all items filled with noncombust ib le powders

should be together. Under candles, expanded Group A plastic should be in the

commodity class commn. ROEDE: The list of Group A plastics in 2-1.4.1, to be consistent

should have in parenthesis ,after "PET", (Polyethylene Terepthalane) instead of (Thermoplast ic Polyester).

(Log #24) 231C- 7 - (3-2.3(b)): Accept S U B M I T T E R : Kenneth E. lsman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N : Add a second sentence to 3-2.3(b) to read:

"Flow from these sprinklers shall be permit ted to be omitted from the sprinkler system d e m a n d for hydraulic calculations." S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : Confitslon exists as to bow to treat these sprinklers. In the Report on Proposals for the 1995 edition, a proposal to require 30 gpm was rejected. Without any other information, we have been telling people to treat these sprinklers similar to those under obstructions. Clear information in NFPA 231C would be helpfill. C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N : Accept. N U M B E R O F C O M M I T T E E M E M B E R S E L I G I B L E T O V O T E : 28 V O T E O N C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N :

AFFIRMATIVE: 25 NEGATIVE: 1 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

722

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: GUMKOWSKI: Having rite s tandard state d lese sprinkler heads

mus t be installed, en s tat ing die flow f rom diese heads shou ld be omit ted is illogical. If die heads are no t needed , remove 3-2.3(b). If d ie heads are necessary, t hen include flow f rom dlese heads in the hydraul ic calculations. It is u n d e r s t o o d tha t a previous proposal to require a flow of 30 g p m was rejected by die commit tee . Maybe 22 gpm (1 /2 in. head at a nomina l 15 psi) makes bet ter sense.

(Log #11) 2~1C- 8 - (3-3): Reject SUBMITTER: Samuel Vanover, Je f fe rson Parish Fire Dept., LA RECOMMENDATION: Revise as follows:

3-3* Emergency Smoke and Heat Venting. Protection out l ined in this s t a n d a r d s h a l l apply to bui ldings wifll or wi thout roof vents a n d draft curtains.

* Move existing irfformation to the Appendix. SUBSTANTIATION: This s t a t emen t is more in line with the way a s tandard shou ld lie written and does no t conflict with bui ld ing codes tha t reference this s tandard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commi t t ee Action and S ta tement on Proposal 231C-10 (Log #14). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 N O T RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O 'Rourke

(Log #12) 231C- 9 - (3-3): Reject SUBMITTER: Samuel Vanover, Jef ferson Parish Fire Dept., LA RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire Section 3-3 or move to the ADoendix. SUBSTANTIATION: This provision does no t indicate a r e q u i r e m e n t by tire use of the word "shalL" It is more in die form of explanatory material and shou ld be in the appendix . COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Commi t t ee Action a n d S ta tement on Proposal 231C-10 (Log #14). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #14) 231C- 10- (3-3): Reject SUBMITTER: Mark C h u b b , Southeas te rn Assoc of Fire Chiefs RECOMMENDATION: Revise text ,as follows:

3-3t Vents arid Dr,xfts Curtains. Where roof vents and dr,~t ct~rtains or mechanica l smoke exhaus t are installed. T h e effect of smoke arid heat vent ing on autor0atic snr inkler operatiorl sltall be taken into account . Design curves are iaased on the assumpt ion that roof vents and draft curtains or inechanica[ smoke exltaust are no t beirlg used. I)esi~ns nsin~ these fire nrotect ion features in qombiuat ion with one ariodler shall be based on eng inee r ing

j u d g m e n t and recognized ~ood oractice. 3-3.1 Smoke and Heat Vent Otieration. Smoke and hea t vents.

where requi red by the anthor i t v bavin~jur isdic t ion, sltall be onera ted automatical ly and manually.

Exception: Automat ic ol>eration is not ret luired when remole manua l activation is nrovi~ted in buildings protec ted d l rongl tou t by ESFR sprinkler systems when approved by the atithority ltaving ju r i sd ic t ion .

3-3.1.1 Where installed, smoke and hea t vents sltall no t operate prior to activation of tire au tomat ic sprinkler system. Heat responsivt: devices used to onen smoke and heat vents sllall tlave a t empera tu re ratin~ not less than 45°F (25°C~ h igher d lan the temr~eratnre ratin~ of snrinkler heat sensitive e lements , arid a resoonse time index (RTI) at le,x~t eoual to. but tlot more than 3 t imes greater than the spr inkler RTI.

3-3.1.2 Manual releases sltall he rmi t the smoke and heat refits to be opera ted remotely. Manual release devices shall be installed in a location acceotable to the author i ty havin~ Jurisdiction.

3-3.2 Smoke a n d H¢~t Vent Location. Smoke and hea t vents shall be located so tha t no Dortion o f the ven t onen ln~ is direcdv above or within 8 in. (203 m m ] of sprinklers.

3-3.3 Mechanical s m o k e Exitaust. EnMneered mechanic , al srlloke exhaus t shall be an accentable ,alternate to smoke and hea t vents.

3-3,3,1 Mechanical smoke exllaust fans shall be autor0atically at;tivated by tile autoqlatic sprinkler system or bY hea t detectors bavin~ onera t in~ characteristics emtivalent to those descr ibed in 3- 3.1.1." Individual manua l controls of each fan un i t sball also be

3-3.3,2 Wirin~ for operat ion mad control of smoke exhaus t fans shall be connec t ed alfead of the main d i sconnec t and protected a~ainst exposure to t emnera tu res in excess of 1000°F (538°C~ for a period of no t less than 15 min.

3-3.3.3 Controls shall be located so ,as to be immediate ly accessible tO the fire service f rom the exterior of the bui ldin~ ,and protected against inter ior fire exposure bv senara t ion assemi)lies havin~ a fire resistance ratin~ not less titan l-far when tested in accordance with NFPA 251.

3-3.4 Draft Curtains Dot Reqvired. [)raft curtains need not be installed in bui ldings orotected by ESFR sprinkler systems. SUBSTANTIATION:" T h e provisions of NFPA 231C are referenced t h r o u g h o u t the Uni ted States ,as m i n i m u m requ i rements for the design of an tomat ic sprinkler systems to protec t rack s torage o f materials. Two of the three mode l bui ld ing codes referencing dais stancktrd also require smoke a n d heat vents or mechanica l smoke exhaus t (see 4-1.1 of the St,-mdard Building Codetr) arid Chapter 36

Prevent ion ~o..~._~ and Article 81 of the of the S tandard Fire C ~l~r~ Uni fo rm Fire Codetm). Con t inn ing controversy s u r r o u n d i n g the combined use of dlese fire protec t ion features has p r o m p t e d significant debate and ongo ing research activities here mad abroad to identify technical concerrm, quandfy die interact ion between dtese systems, and develop technical tools to aid des igners in employing these teclmologies. In die interim, however, addit ional gu idance is needed to ensure the conf idence of users and the safety of bui ldings buil t t inder these (:ode requ i rements a n d NFPA 231C.

The p roposed requ i rements were originally developed by private industry and have been successfully processed th rougb the Sou the rn Building Code Congress Internat ional a n d Southeas te rn Association of Fire Chiefs code deve lopmen t system. They const i tute minimal design guidance for si tuations where file two systems are used in conjunc t ion with one anod t e r for protect ion of life or property.

The p roposed r equ i r emen t s (3-3) c o m p l e m e n t the existing text by expand ing the applicability of the warning in cur ren t 3-3 to alternate systems, arid advising users of die need to consider the possible interact ions between the systems and consul t sources of eng inee r ing guidzmce mid good practice in developing designs us ing these technologies . No th ing in the p roposed requ i rements would make die installation of smoke and hea t vents or mechanica l smoke exhaus t manda to ry where they ,are no t already requi red by model bui ld ing a n d fire codes.

Automat ic opera t ing capability (proposed 3-3.1 a n d 3-3.3.1) is required to mitigate the need for f irefighters to a t t empt vertical ventilation of the fire by placing fire f ighters at-risk on the roof above a fire in a rack storage facility. Manual operat ion (proposed 3-3.1 mid 3-3.3.1) ensures that vents remain u n d e r the control of the fire service without placing f irefighters at-risk. Automat ic mad m m m a l vent ing ,also affords an oppor tuni ty to mitigate fire damage in the event the fire overwhehns the c~apabilities of the automat ic sprinkler system.

The except ion to au tomat ic opera t ion requ i rements for bui ldings protec ted with ESFR sprinkler systems does no t current ly appear in the model codes (proposed 3-3.1, Exception.) However, this approach is c o m m o n l y used and accepted by code officials enforc ing these requi rements . (At the t ime the cu r ren t smoke and heat vent ing requ i rements were developed, ESFR technology was not available.)

The p roposed new provisions (3-3.1.1) regard ing au tomat ic operat ion mad location are i n t ended to prevent the operat ion of vents prior to sprinklers, possibly compromis ing the effectiveness of sprinkler protection. The t empera tu re rat ing and RTI values sj)ecified have been evaluated by the Southeas te rn Association of Fire Chiefs' Ad Hoc Commi t tee on Smoke a n d Heat Vent ing using the cmnpu te r p rograms LAVENT and DETACT-T2 to ensure that sprinklers will operate later than sprinklers but no t late to ensure vents provide life safety o f p roper ty protect ion benefits.

The location of vents with respect to sprinklers (p roposed 3-3.2) is i n t ended to ensure that sprinkler spray does no t obstnJct vents.

723

N F P A 2 3 1 C I A 9 8 R O P

Testing conducted by Factory Mutual Research Corporat ion has indicated dlat draft curtains may significandy affect die operation of sprinklers where storage arrays transect draft curtain boundaries (see Troup, J.M.A. "Large -Scale Fire Tests of Rack Stored Plastics in Retail Operat ion Scenarios Protected by ELO Sprinklers: A Study of the Effects of Draft Cnrtains," FMRCJ.I.0X1R0.RR, Norwood Mass.: Factory Mutual Research Corp . , June 1994). If the rising fire plume is located very near or direcdy beneath draft curtains, die resulting division of the ceiting je t could canse a significant increase in the resulting number of sprinklers activated. In an ESFR system, this could quickly overwhelm the available water supply. Waiving die requ i rement for draft curtains (3-3.4) enables users to avoid this sinmtion when storage arrays cannot be modif ied to support

rinkler system design. MMITTEE ACTION: Reject.

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: No data exists which clearly allows evaluation of the interaction between hea t / smoke vents and automatic sprinklers for the protect ion of rack storage occupancies. A test program being conducted by the National Fire Protection Research Foundat ion is currendy underway and silould provide additional data on this subject. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP12) 231C- 11 - (3-3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: In Section 3-3 revise the term "Design curves" with "Sprinkler protect ion criteria". SUBSTANTIATION: Tiffs is an editorial change which more correcdy indicates that no t all sprinkler system designs, i.e., ESFR and large drop, are based on design curves. COMMITTEEACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O'Ronrke

(Log #CP25) 231C- 12- (4-3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Commit tee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise Section 4-3 to read as follows: [ 4-3 Flue Space. I 4-3.1"~" Storage up to ,and including 25 ft (7.6 m). In double-row I and multiple-row racks without solid shelves, a longitudinal flue ] (back-to-back clearance between loads) is not necessary. Nominal ] 6 in. (142.4 mm) transverse flue space between loads and at rack ] uprights shall be mainta ined in single, double and multiple-row ] racks. Random variations in die width of the flue or in dleir vertical ] a l ignment shall be permi t ted (See Figure 4-3.1). I 4-3.2 Storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m). Nominal 6 in. (142.4 mm)

transverse flue space between loads and at rack uprights shall be maintained in single, double and multiple-row racks. Nominal 6 in. (152.4 mm) longitudinal flue shall be provided in double-row racks. Random variations in die width of the flue or in dleir vertical a l ignment shaU be permitted.

2. Delete the * after 4-3.1, and delete A-4-3.1 and file Except ion . SUBSTANTIATION: 1. To better define when and where flues are required.

2. ESFR sprinklers are effective for multiple-row racks which do not have longitudinal fines. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP10) 231C- 13- (4-7): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Commit tee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: 1. In section 1-1 revise die second paragraph ,after the exception to read as follows:

"Storage on pl:~stic shelves is outside die scope of this standard." 2. Revise section 4-7 to read as follows:

4-7 Storage of Idle Pallets. 4-7.1 Idle wood or plastic pallets s tored on the floor shall be

protected in accordance with NFPA 231, Standard for General Sto rage.

4-7.2 Idle wood or plastic pallets shall not be stored in racks. Exception No. 1. Idle wooden pallets shall be permi t ted to be s tored in racks when protected in accordance with the appropriate

~ rovisions of Chapter 10. xception No. 2. Idle plastic pallets shall be permit ted to be stored

in racks when protec ted in accordance with the appropriate provisions of Chapter 10."

3. Delete section A-4-7. 4. Revise die first sentence of section B-4-7 to read as follows: "No tests were conducted with idle pallets in racks using standard

spray sprinklers." Add a new second sentence to read as follows: "However, tests were conduc ted using ESFR and Large Drop

sprinklers." Maintain ex i s t ingsecond sentence as die thi rd sentence.

SUBSTANTIATION: 1. Data indicates diat certain types of sprinklers are effective in protect ing commodit ies s tored on plastic pallets within racks.

2., 3 , and 4. Data indicates that ESFR sprinklers are effective for the protect ion of certain indoor storage arrangements of idle wood and plastic pallets. Other data indicates that large drop sprinklers are effective for the protection of certain indoor storage arrangements of idle wood pallets. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #25) 231C- 14- (4-8 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Add new Section 4-8 as follows:

4-8 Flammable and Combustible Liquids° General rack storage warehouses shall be permi t ted to store a limited quantity of f lammable and combustible liquids in accordance with Section 4-5 of NFPA 30. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 30 has been dramatically revised and handles die storage of f lammable and combustible liquids quite well including the storage or limited quantities in general rack storage. Anodler alternative to this paragraph would be to lift sections of NFPA 30 using the NFPA extract policy. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Data indicates that sprinkler protect ion required by this s tandard would be inadequate for the

otect ion of f lammable liqnids. BER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28

VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

(Log #26) 231C- 15 - (Chapter 5): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER= Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Completely revise Chapter 5 to read as follows: (underl ining indicates revised wording)

Cilapter 5 Fire Protection - General 5-1 Sorinkler Svstems. 5-1,1 Sprinkler systems shall be wet pipe. single interlock

Dreaction or non-interlock nreaction system. Excention: In areas subject to freezing where there is no nractical

rnetbod of maintaining system temoeratt lres at 40°F. dry-nine and double interlock nreaction svstems shall be oermitted. (~eilin~ sorinkler areas o (ooera t ion slmU be increased 30 oercent ove r the areas soecified bv ¢~hanters 6. 7 and 8. Densities ~nd areas shall be selected so that t'he final area of ooeration (,after the 30 nercent increase~ is not ~reater dlan 6.000 sa ft.

5-| ,~ Detectors for nreaction systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 5-8.3.

5-2 Ceiling Sprinklers 5-2.1 Where automatic sprinkler systems ,are installed, they shall be

in accordance with NFPA 13.

7 2 4

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Exception: Where modified by this s tandard 5-2.2 Only 1/2 in. or 17/32 in. s t r ay sorinklers shall be use~l in

meedn~ the reonirements of Cha t t e r 6. 7 and 8. See Chanter 9 and 10 for large dron and ESFR st~rinklers.

Exception: Tlle use of 5 /8 in. spray sprinklers shall be permit ted where listed for such use and where installed at a min imum design pressure of 10psi.

5-2.3 In bttildings that are occupied in part for rack storage of commodities, die ceiling sprinkler system design widtin 15 ft of the racks shall be the s,'mae as that provided for the rack storage area.

Exception: When separated by at least one-hour rated fire resistive constrnction which is cont inuous from floor to ceiling of the storage area.

5-2.4 Where non-storage soaces have lower g, ilings dl~x D 1;lie storage port ion of the btlilding, the snace above Otis d rop ceiling shall be sDrinklered unless it comnlies with the rules of NFPA 13 for allowable unsor inklered concealecl soaces. Where the area above a drop ceil ng is sprinklered, the sorinkler system stroll conform to the rnles of Section 5-2.2 or its exceotion.

5-2.5 Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing. For the purpose of selecting sprinkler spacing to achieve a stipulated density, 60 psi shall be the maximum discharge pressure used at tile calculation starting point.

5-3 In-Rack Sorinklers. 5-3.1 In-Rack Sprinkler System Size. The area protected by a

single system of sprinklers in racks (in-rack sprinklers) shall not exceed 40,000 sq ft of floor area occupied by the racks, including aisles, regardless of die number of intermediate sprinkler levels.

5-3.2 In-Rack Sprinkler System Control Valves. Where sprinklers are installed in racks, separate indicating control valves and drains shall be provided and arranged so that ceiling and in-rack sprinklers can be control led independent ly .

Exception No. 1: Installation of twenty or fewer in-rack sprinklers supplied by any one ceiling sprinkler system.

Exception No. 2: The separate indicating valves sllall be permit ted to be ar ranged as sec t iona lcont ro l valves where the racks occupy only a port ion of the area protected by file ceiling sprinklers. See 5- 1.3.

5-3.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Water Demand. The water d e m a n d for sprinklers s tored in racks shall be added to the ceiling sprinkler water de m a nd at the point of connection. The delrkand sball be balanced to the higher pressure.

5-3.4 Obstructions to In-Rack Sprinkler Discharge. In-rack sprinMer, shall not be I-ea.uired to meet tbe obslx(Iction crite~-i~a and clear~10~;e from storage l-equirement~ of NFPA 13,

5-4 Sprinkler Waterflow Alarm. 5-5 Hose Connections. For first aid fire fighting and for mop-up

operations, small (1 1 /2 in. hose lines shall be available to cover all areas of tile rack strnctures. Ti~ese hose connect ions shall not be reouired to meet the reouirements of Class II hose systems def ined bv NFPA 14. Hose c o n n e c t o n s shall be supplied from ~ t h e following:

(a) Outside hydrants (b) A separate piping system for small hose stations. (c) Valved hose connect ions on sprinkler risers where such

connect ions are made upstream of all sprinkler control valves. (d) Adjacent sprinkler systems (e) The ceiling sprinkler system in the same area ,as long ~ iO-

rack sprinklers are nrovided in the same area and are separately control led,

5-6 Hose Demand. 5-6.1 For inside ~ hose streams, an allowance of at least 100

gpm shall be added to the sprinkler water demand for all commodit ies .

5-6.2 For combined inside s_(~tB.t3.[.~ and outside a.(.IAr.g.e~ hose streams, an ,allowance of at least 500 g-pro shall be added to the sprinkler water d e m a n d for all commodit ies .

5-7 Duration of Water Supplies. For ~ , d double-row racks file water supply durat ion shall be at least 11/2 hr for Class I, II and I1 commodities., arid at least. 2 hr for Class IV and Group A plastic commodltaes. For mnluple-row racks, tile water supply durat ion shall be at least 2 hr for all classifications of commodities.

5-8 High-Expansion Foam. 5-8.1 Where high-expansion foam systems are installed, they shall

be in accordance with NFPA 11A, and they shall be automatic in oEeratio.n.

Lxcepuon: Where modif ied by this standard.

5-8.2 Where high-expansion foam systems are used in combination with ceiling sprinklers, in-rack sprinklers shall not be required.

5-8.3 Detectors for High-Expansion Foam Systems. Detectors shall be listed and shall be installed in one of tile followin~ confieurations:

(a) At the ceiling only where installed at one-half listed linear spacing (e.g. 15 ft x 15 ft rather dlan at 30 ft x 30 ft);

Exception: Ceiling detectors alone shall not be used where clearance from the top of storage exceeds 10 ft or file height of storage exceeds 25 ft; or

(b) At tile ceiling at listed spacing and in racks at alternate levels; o r

(c) Where listed for rack storage installation and installed in accordance with tlleir l i s tng to provide response within one minute after ignition using an ignition source equivalent to that used in a rack storage testing program.

5-9 Solid and Slatted Shelves. 5-9.1 Slatted shelves shall be considered equivalent to solid

shelves. 5-9.2 Sprinklers shall be installed at the ceiling and beneath each

sheff in ~ double- or multiple row racks with solid shelves that obs t r t ic tbotb longitudinal and transverse flue spaces. Design

for combined ceiling and in-rack sprinklers shall be used with this storage configuration.

5-10 ( )pen Top Combustible Containers. 5-11 Movable Racks. Rack storage in movable racks shall be

protected in the same manne r as multiple-row racks. All appendices ,are to be r enumbered to correspond to their new

section numbers . Section A-6-12 to be eliminated.

SUBSTANTIATION: The chapter has been reorganized for clarity with all of the general sprinkler irfformation first, the ceiling sprinkler information in the same section next, mad in-rack sprinkler information following. Each individual cbmage is justified as follows:

Proposed Section 5-1.1 and its exception ,are new and necessary for telling people how to deal with dry-pipe and double -interlock preaction systems. Previous material has been in appendix A-6-12, but it only deals with dry-pipe systems and only applies to Class I-IV storage up to 25 ft in beigbt.

Proposed new Section 5-1.2 gives guidance on where to install detectors. The same rules as for foam system activation seem appropriate .

Proposed Section 5-2.2 is old Section 5-1.1 revised to be more explicit as a requirement .

Proposed Section 5-2.3 is old Section 5-2.2 without change. The proposed exception to 5-2.3 is new. It is in tended to clarify

the issue which was balloted as a formal interpretat ion on NFPA 231 in Sept. 1995. The F.I. answer to file F.I. was inappropriate since it had die effect of writing new code requirements .

Proposed new Section 5-2.4 is related to the F.I. ment ioned above. This is a frequently asked question which should be spelled out in the standard.

Proposed 5-2.5 is old 5-3 without revision. Proposed 5-3 is new in order to gather together all o f tile in-rack

sprinkler requirements. Proposed 5-3.1 is old 5-4 without change. Proposed 5-3.2 with its two exceptions is old 5-5.1 without cbange.

Proposed 5-3.3 is old Section 5-6 without change. Proposed 5-3.4 is new and necessary to address obstruction

requirements for in-rack sprinklers. Many people believe that all of die obstruction requirements of NFPA 13, including clearance to sprinklers, apply to in-rack sprinklers. This would not be practical or possible in all circumstances. NFPA 231C needs to solve the situation.

Proposed 5-4 is old 5-7 widlout change. Proposed 5-5 is old Section 5-8 with three changes. The first is to

clarify that hose stations required by dais s tandard are no t Class II hose systems in accordance with NFPA 14. Tills is a common misconception which needs to be clarified. Tile second change is a clarification that only one of die water supplies is necessary. Tile third change is to make the old exception another choice in the list since dfis is what it really is.

Proposed 5-6, 5-6.1 ,';,rid 5-6.2 are old 5-9, 5-9.1 and 5-9.2 with two small changes. Tile list o f commodit ies has been replaced with the term "all commodities" since file list implied that o ther choice were ~ossible. Tile o ther change was to add "(small)" and "(large)" after 'inside" and "outside" since these terms are used interchangeably in the standard. See Section 10-3.1 as an example.

725

N F P A - 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Proposed 5-7 is old 5-10 with darification on what to do with single row racks. --Proposed ~ 5-8.1 and 5-8.2 are old 5-11, 5-11.1 and 5-11.2 without change.

Proposed 5-8.3 is old 5-12. It Ires been moved under the high- expansion foam section because this is where it belongs. A clarification has been added to make sure that the user know. that only one of the detector arrangements is necessary.

Proposed 5-9, 5-0.1 and 5-9.2 are old 5-]S, 5-13.1 and 5-13.2 with clarification added on how to deal with single row _rac~ ks and the term "design curves" was changed to "design Criteria since .cha~ter 7 and 8 don't always use curves to define sprinkler design critena.

Proposed 5-10 is old 5-14 withoot change. Proposed 5-11 is 01d 5- 15 without clmnge.

Sections 5-1 and 5-1.1 were not included in the pro .~ ted rewrite because they didn't say anything important in our opinion. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept i n Principle.

Accept the submitter's Propot~ with the fo[km~ing changes:" 1. Revise proposed 5-1.1 to read as follows: , . 5-1.1 Sprinkler systems shall be wet pipe. Excepuon No.l: In areas subject to freezing or where special •

conditions exist, dry pipe and preaction systems slmli be permitted. Ceiling sprinkler areas of operation shall be increased 80 percent over the areas specified by Chapters 6, 7 and 8. Densities and areas shall be selected so that the final area of operation (al~r the SO percent increase) is not greater than 6000 sq ft.

Exception No. 2: Where large drop sprinklers are use, preaction systems shall be classified as dry pipe systems ~

2. In the proposed Section 5-2.3 revise the Exception to read as follows:

I Exception: Where separated by noncombustible comtruction which ~s continuous from floor_to the roof/ceiling of the storage a r e a . "

3. Add an Exception to Section 5-5 to read as follow.. "Exception No. 2: Hose connectiom shall not be required for the

protect/on of Class I, II, Ill and IV commodities stored 12 ft and less in height."

4. Revise proposed Section 5-6.1 to rcadas follows: ~Vhere inside (small) hose re'earns are required, an allowance of

at least 100 .~.m shall be added to the sprinkler water demand for all commodities."

5. Add an Exception to proposed Section 5-6.2 to read as follow: ~Exception: For Clam I, II and Ill commodities stored up to 12 ft,

and Class IV commodities stored up to I0 ft, the hose stream allowance shall be permitted to be reduced to 250 gpm."

6. Add an Exception to proposed Section 5-7 to read as follows: "Exception: For Class IV commodities stored 12 ft or le~ in

height, the water supply duration shall be permitted to be 1 1 /~ h o u r s . "

7. In the Exception to proposed section 5-8.3(a) add the term "roof/ceiling" in between the words ~where" and "clearance'.

8. Add a new Section 5-8.4 as follows: 5-8.4 High Expansion Foam Submergence. 5-8.4.1 S to r~e of Class I, II, Ill, andIV commodities up to and

including 25 ft m height. 5-8.4.1.1 (same wording as existing 6-10.1). 5-8.4.1.2 (same wording as existing 6-10.2). 5-8.4.1.3 (same wording as existing 6-11 induding heading). 5-8.4.2 Storage of Class I, II, III and IV Commodities over 25 ft in

height. 5-8.4.~.1 (same wording as Section 7-8 except without headin~0. 5-8.4.2.2 0~me wording as Section 7-9 except without h e a d h ~ . 9. Delete Sectiom 6-10.1, 6-10.2, 6-11, 7.8 a~ ! 7-9 in their entirety.

COMMrfTEE STATEMENT: 1. Data has ~ that the time delays associated with water traveling from the ~orinkle~ valve to the open sprinklers in preaction systems will negatK'ely impact a sprinkler systems ability to control a fire in rack storage occupancie~ This impact becomes more critical where large drop sprinklers are used. Therefore, wet pipe systems are preferred. All types e~ preaction systems thould only be used under special c o n d i t i o n s . '

2. Data indi~tes that one-hour rated fire resistive construction is not necessary. However, the construction must be of substanma strenl~tlfl - that it will not weaken during the early stages of a fire. The term roof/ceiling was added for comlatency with the ~ t ,

3, 4, 5 and 6. The Technlcal Committee is of the opinina that where storage heights of Clam I t h r o ~ h IV commodit/es do not . exceed 12 R in heisht, regardless of the size of the E o r a F " area, only sprinkler protection is necessary. Hose lines are not comldered necemary. This cha~ge also maintains c o n i t e n o / w i t h NFPA 18.

7. The term "roof/ceiling was added for c ~ c y with the document.

8. This chancre is editorial is nature, and centralizes information pertaining to high expansion foam. NUMBER OF C-OMMITr~ M]~I ]SE~ ELIGIBLE TO VOTFa 28 VOTE ON C O M I ~ ACTION:


( Log #5~ ) 231C- 16 - (5-1.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Mark Ohszewicz, Schirmer Engineering Corp. RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire section. S ~ A N T I A T I O N : The two sentences in Section 5-1.2 provide information to the user rather than establish a mandatory requirement. This information is appropriate for appendix material. The mandatory requirement of the exception in Section 5- 1.2 is not necessary due to the inclusion of Section 1-1.1 in the 1995 edition of the standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Committee Action and Statement onProposal 231C-15 (Log # 2 6 . ~ ) . COMMITTEE STATEMEtcr: The Committee believes that the Committee Action and Statement on Proposal 231C-15 (Log #26) addresses the submitter's concerns. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMrITEE ACTION:


(Log #44) 231C- 17 - (5-1.2 Exception No. 2 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMI'rrE~. Jml~es C, olinveaux, Central Sprinkler Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add Exception No. 2 to read as follows:

"The use of orifice sizes larger than extra.4arge orifice (ELO) shall be permitted where listed for such use." S ~ A ~ r l A T I O N : The limitation of orifice size in this section restricts the use Of sprinklers that are equal in performance and recognized by NFPA 13, 1996.

_ COMMITTEE AcYrlON: Accept in Principle. [ Add the proposed exception as Exception No. 5 and replace the [ words "extra large orifice (ELO)" with "5/8 in. (15.9 mm) orifice ] sprinklers'.

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Sprinklers are now identified accor~ng to their nominal orifice sis¢ and are not identified aceording to a descrimt0n of their orifice size. NUMB~lt OF c O l ~ f l T r H ~ m I~J~nSL~ TO VOT~ VOTE ON C ~ ACTION:"

AFFIRMATIV~ 26 NOT RETURNED:. 2 Drygas, (YRourke

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: GUMKOWSKI: To address the VELO.sprinkler, 3 /4 in. sprinklers

should be added to the Exception. SCHUMANN: This would not be Exception No. 3. It would be

Exception No. 2 and it would apply to 5-Y.2 if 231C-15 is passed.

( t ~ . # ~ ) 251C- 18 - (5-1.2 Exception No. 1 and No. 2 (New)): Accept m

Co., Inc. [ R I~OMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

Exception ]So-.l~" The me ofextra4arge (ELO) sprinklers [5/8 in. (15.9ram)] s l ~ l be .pemi""'~ where listed for such use and where installed at a mlninmm design pressure of 101xi (gW4k]~) (0.7 bar).

~ I f . l ~ ] ~ L [ ~ , . ~ The tree ofver~ e ~ t ~ 1 3 ~ s m i n k l ~ [~/4 i~ ogJ~ mm~! ~ U he n e n ~ t t ~ wke;e ltmXt for inch me a n d w h e r e L n s t a l h ~ a t a l l g l l t tmum d e s l g ~ m'emtl_re o f 7 ~ (0 .5

h a r ~ S ~ A N T I A T I O N : A VELO SprinHer can control/ires at lower operating p re - -um thin ~ ~ altowed une~r the standard;-which is an improved i ~ / m d of fire protect, on.

Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA

ACTION: Accept in Prindple. [ 1. In Exception No. 1, replace the word %xua-large (EIJ3)" with I "5/8 in. (15.9 ram) orifice sprinklers"

726

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 ROP

I 2. Add proposed Exception No. 2 but revise to read as follows: Exception No. 2: The use of 3 / 4 in. (19.0 ram) orifice sprinklers

shall be permitted where listed for such use. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Sprinklers are now identified according to their nominal orifice size and are not identified according to a description of the orifice size. Also, identifying fl~e minimum. 7 psi operatin, g pressure is not necessary., because. spnnklers ~ e reqmred to operate as at a mlmmum operating pressure of 7 psi unless odlerwise noted. NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: Change would be to 5-2.2 if 231C-15 is passed.

(Log #50) 231C- 19- (5-1.3 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Douglas Rice, Central Sprinkler Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add an new 5-1.3:

5-1.3 Special sprinklers that are intended for the protection of specific hazards or construction features shall be permitted where such devices have been evaluated and listed for performance under the following conditions:

(a) Fire test related to the intended hazard. (b) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to wetting of

floors and walls (c) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to obstruction (d) Evaluation of file thermal sensitivity of the sp.rinkler (e) Performance under horizontal or sloped cedings (f) Area of design. Sprinklers shall be limited to orifice size and temperature ratings

per NFPA 13 and the protection area sihall not exceed 196 ft2 (17m2). SUBSTANTIATION: New teclmology in fire sprinklers for high piled storage occupancies is progressing rapidly. The standard as it exists restricts new technology unless specifically approved by each and every authority having jurisdiction in accordance with 1-1.1. This restricts the use of new technology wltich could increase the level of protection and reduce the cost of the installed system. This proposa/would allow new technology to progress while providing guidance similar to NFPA 13. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee agrees that specific criteria is necessary to evaluate new sprinkler devices, however the Technical Committee does not agree wifli file criteria offered by the proposal. A task group has been established to study tiffs issue, ~rl~M~e language and review A-4-4.9.1 of NFPA 13.

ER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #6) 231C- 21 - (5-3): Accept SUBMITTER: Paul Roberto, Wausau Insurance Companies

I RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire paragraph 5-3. SUBSTANTIATION: This paragraph limits maximum discharge pressure of sprinklers to 60 psi. The only justification provided in this standard is that the lfigbest pressure in fl~e test program was 62.5 psi. Wifli the introduction of new sprinkler beads and results from large scale fire testing, it is clear that end head pressures in excess o f t 0 psi will not only be desirable, but will be required in some situations. Some current NFPA standards have protection requirements for end bead pressures exceeding 60 psi a n d / o r very high density requirements for which a 60 psi maximum may unnecessarily restrict design options (spacing, sprinkler k-factor, etc.) NFPA 13, 231, 231E, and231F currently contain no such maximum pressure limit. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITIT~ MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: CAREY: The O0 psi pressure limit should still apply to standard

and large orifice spray sprinklers. SCHUMANN: Suspect that this pressure limitation was to apply to

1 /2 in. orifice lmads so the head would generate drops radler than mist. Leave 60 psi apply only to 1 /2 in. orifice heads.

(Log #13) 231C- 22- (5-8): Reject SUBMITTER: Samuel Vanover, Jefferson Parish Fire Dept., LA RECOMMENDATION: Add:

"Each hose connection provided for shall be equipped wifli not more than 100 ft (30.5 m) of listed, 1 1/2-in. (38.1-mm), lined, collapsible or noncollapsible fire bose attached and ready for use." SUBSTANTIATION: Attached and ready for use hose allows immediate application of water to fires in their incipient phase, pcreventing extra sprinkler heads from opening.

OMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Technical Committee wishes to allow flexibility with regard to the location of hose lines. It is intended &at the bose lines be available to those who are instructed in proper use of hose lines. This will likely dictate the hose line's location and length. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMIT]'EE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVg: GOTTO: Although I agree that interior hoses are an integral part

of the protection criteria for rack storage occupancies, the type, size, and lengtll of file hoses should be dictated by the occupancy and arrangement.

(Log #9) 231C- 20- (5-2.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Samuel Vanover, New Orleans, LA RECOMMENDATION: Add:

Sprinklers shall only be recognized when installed to a maximum height to which they have been tested and listed. SUBSTANTIATION: Most sprinklers have only been tested by UL for a ceiling heigbt of 18 ft. Most sprinklers have only been tested by FM for a ce-iling beight of 30 ft. Tb-ere is no scientific dam to support sprinkler effectiveness above the tested height. To not recognize sprinkler limitations is to mislead the public. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Testing of sprinklers at Underwriters Laboratories, Factory Mutual and other testing laboratories has not been limited to ceiling heights of 18 ft and 30 ft. There is data which demonstrates that sprinklers perform adequately beyond the ceiling heigbts indicated in the submitter's substantiation. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #15) 231C- 23- (5-13.1 Exception (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Tracey D. Bellamy, TVA/Tbe Home Depot /Home Base/Eagle Hardware/Home Quarters RECOMMENDATION: Add an exception as follows:

Exceotion: The followln~ rack arraneement may be orotected tile same as rack storage with onen shelve£ for storage hei~bts uo to 20

v

ft (6.Hm/ bi~h: v

(al file sorinkler svstem is desimaed to orovide 0.60 Lmm oer ft2 (24 L/rain oer m21 utilities ELO sorinlders.

¢b~ "file nrotected commodities are limited to Class I-IV. Grout) B Plastics. C, roun C Plastics. Unexnosed (Exoanded and IJnexoandedl (;rouo A Plastics. Exposed (Expanded) Group A Plastics. and

(c) Slatted sbelves are orovided using slate uo to 6 in. (l[i0 mm) wide with at least 2 in. (50 mml ooenin~ between each ~[i~ and

(dl There are no slatted or solid shet(levels above 12 ft (3.7 ml bei~ht in the rack (although there may be other ooen shelf or wire mesh sheff levels above). ~q l

(el Transverse flue swaces at least 3 in. (75 mml wide are orovided at least every 10 ft (3.1 ml horizontally and

727

i ~ ' ~ A 2 5 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

[ (fl Lont, itudinal flue maces at lemt 6 in. (lfiO mm~ wh~ are

orox4d~ ~ r ,diSable a n d " ~ m~ each. ~ad .. - f~l i The a ide widtha are at l e ~ t T . ~ f t~¢~8 m L 1 , . . ~

SIY]~'rANTIATION: A full-scale test test programwas c ~ with various double-row r ~ k storage mTm3gements of a Ca~n&d Group A Unexpanded Plastic Commodity at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRG) test facility. The series of nine (9) test included several variations, one of which involved the use of four (4) distinct shelving arrangements, slatted wood, solid wood, wire mesh and no shelving. Th/~ results-Of the testing p£ogn~., specifically test number~ 1, 2, 3, and 5, dearly, d e m o m t ~ . / ~ acceptable performance of Sl~rinkler systems ~rotee~ln~ofage, configurations involving the use of slatted sh~vtn8 as ~ by the above proposal. As a result of the ~ o . r e ~ n t i o n e d t~s~ p ~ Factory Mutual has amended FM Loss Prevention 1 3 a t a . ~ 8-9 to allow the protection of slatted shelving the same as oPen rack arrangement,

Complete details of the tes¢ program are documented in the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) T ~ m ' ~ d Report, FMRC].I. 0X1R0.RR, Large. tale Fire Tesw of Rack f~or~ ed C~rmlp A Plastics iwRetail Operation Scenarios Protected by E=iera ~ Orifice (ELO) sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, November 1994. Additionally, an m~tde has been publiedhedi~ h%eJoumat ofb3re Protection Engineering, Volume ~, No. 1 199~, pp 1-1~, ~ o n of Warehouse Retail Occupancies with Extra I:~rge Orif l~ (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M. A. Troup, Factory Mutual Rese~.rch. ~ Corporation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTI~ bWATI~IENT: The Committee believes that m0re test data needs to belmbmltted l~ore pro~. ~=valuation of_the- proposal can take~ place. Some Of the areas ~hecomml~tee has concerns with include information regarding m a x i m m roo f heights, operating temperature'of the ~ d n k ~ area of .qx~dkler i system operation and maintenance of flue spaces through_ the racks. NUMBER OF COMMrrTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTI~ 28 VOTE ON COMMITr]~ ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOq" RETURNEI~. 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: GOTTO: The full details of the mentioned ~ were not made

available to all members at the ~ime thk was~discum~ed. : Ido agree, however, dmt this occupancy should be cemidered as a ~ storage" occupancy, and should be addressed, by this committee. "

(Lgg#CI~) 2~1C~ 24 - ( C l ~ e r s 6, 7 imd 8): Accept SUBMrI'rER: Technical Committee o~ Rack-Stora~ -~ .

' I RECOMMENDATION: (a) Revise tide of __Chap~_r 6,to°reace , I "spray Sprinkler Protection for Class I,!I, Ill and IV commodities I for Storage up to and includ~g 25 ft in Height. I (b) Revise title of Chapter 7, to rea~ I "Spray Sprinkler Protection for Class I, II, III and IV Commodities [ for,Storage over 25 it in Height. I (c) Revise the tide O f Chapter 8 to read: ~. I "~n~ Spr~Uer Protecaoo for Plasfle~-Commodities.. . SU]~'rAI~-I'IAT]ON:-These clmnges ate editorial ~e~nmlx~e ~ " better describe the application of Chapters 6, 7 and 8. CoMMrrTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF CoMMrI'rEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOT]~ 28 VOTE ON C ~ ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED:. 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

(Lng#10) 231C- 25 - (6-I): Accept in Principle SU~MrI'rER: Bruce A. Edwards, Wausau I-IPR Engr. RECOMMENDATION: Revise wording of Section 6-1 to read:

"For the storage of Class I through Cla~ IV commodities stored 12 ft (3.7 m) or less, the sprinkler desig 0 criteria shall follow NFPA 15, Standard for the Installation of Sprihkler Systems as follows:

(a) Ordinary Hazard (Group l ) f o r storage heights not exceeding 8 i t (2.4 m).

(b) Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) for storage heights between 8 ft (2.4 m) and 12 it ($.7 m)." SUBSTANTIATION: The existing wording io the standard requires sprinkler protection of Class ! through Clam IV commodities of 12 it or less follow the design criteria for

miscellaneous storage as ~ in NFPA l& The miscel lanea . storage defioldon h~ NFPA 18 has, area linfllatiom of not more man 10 percent of the b~iidiag area or 4,00Gsq ft of t h e ~ area, whichover Is ~ , and~imi~ one pile ot ~ea m sot exceed 1~0o ~I~ .There~r~ m~her mandard gf~m sprinkler prmeoion deign criteria,for an- oecapam~ which has storage of Class I through Oam IV commodMes up.to i 2 ft ht~h'and exceeds 10 percent.Of fl~e bg~zor.araa or 4,000 sq/~ . ' ."

• c 9 - CnON. 9.? dpl I t. g e m e ~ec t ton~l to;rea~as teaow~ [ "For the storage of Class I through ~ IV c o ~ a s stored 12 I ft (3.7 m) or less in height, the sprinkler design criteria ~ be in

accordance with Table 6-1." I 2. Add Table 6-1 follows: a s

y Table 6-1 Protection of Clam I through IV Commodities

II up to 8 ft (2.4 m) OI-I-1

ll:-m" ~ ~ " " " O H - ~

" IV up to 10 ft ( $ m) OH-2

COMMITTE~ STATEMENT: While the ~ r i ~ r de,ign criteria for storage 12 it or i e ~ .height has not c l ~ t~e reference to NFPA 15 for this [nfOrmad6n has beOa ~ = m d the • appropriate information has bee~ added to N ~ A 231C~ This was <lone to aid the applicadou of NFPA 251C. Addt "ti~h/, .accepting the submitter's proposal ~ submitted would have auowe<l storage oz 8 f t Class IV commodities be protected according to OH-I. Tests have indicated that this is not effective ,sprinkler criteria. NUMBER OF COMMrFrEE MEMBEi~ ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMrrrEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 2O NOT RETURNEI~. 2 Dr~as, O'Rourke .

COMMDIT ON AFFIIMATIVE: GUMKOWSKI: What currently reads "Class III over 8 ft up to 12

ft ' ~muld read "Clam II over 8 it rltlp to 12 ft ' .

~ 1 c - 2e - C~!): Reject . . (Log #27) S ~ Kenneth F_. Isman, Nat'l Hre $1~inkler Asm. " mu oSm.t ON: a o nce m seaton as Uo.: .'PAl other reqi!trements o f ~ standard ~ apply to mctt

achieve cov~emm for a Formal Interpretattbn. ' COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. CoMMrrrF~ STATI~M[]~rr: The Committee Ires darified its intent with regard to the protection of class I through class IV commodities stored 12 ft or|era in height as indicated in Committee Action on Proposal 2SIC-15 (Log #20) and the Committee Action

NUMBER o F ~ M I ~ I D t S m e r L E TOVOTI~. ~8 VOTE ON ~ ACYI~N: •

AI~Imv/ATIV~ ~ • NOT RE~TUI~NED;. 2 ~ O'Rourke

(L0s' .42) ~ l C - Lr/- (6-li: A cf.ept In Principle •

less in he i~ t , "~ . . . . ,.__ J_a . . . . . . . = . . . . . . . . = ~ _ :

U'B~ANTIATION: A question often times arises whether this section of ~ ] C is requiring compliance with the remainder of the standard including hbse ~4mms connecdom (Section 5-7), hose demand (Section 5-9) plant e . m e ~ operation (Section 12-5). This change wlU dearly state tttat wl~en storage is less than 12 ft NFPA 13 applleL Furthermore Section 5-2.8.2.2 Of NFPA IS

rovldes requirements for a Clam I through IV commodlty up to 12

728

N F P A 2 3 1 C m A 9 8 R O P

COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. See Committee Action on Proposal 251C-15 (Log #26) and the

Committee Action on Proposal 231C-25 (Log #10). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has clarified its intent with regard to the protection of dass I through class IV commodities stored 12 ft or less in height as indicated in Committee Action on Proposal 231C-15 (Log #26) and in the Committee Action on Proposal 231C-25 (Log #10). The Committee believes that this action meem the intent o f the submitter. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #28) 231C- 28- (6-5.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. lsman, Nat l Fire Sprinkler Assn.

I RECOMMENDATION: Delete file words "in single or double row [ racks" from 6-5.3.

SUBSTANTIATION: This same rule should apply to multiple row racks. There is currently no guidance given on where to put in-rack sprinklers in multiple row racks wilen only one level is being installed. Section 6-5.4 adequately covers the situation when two levels are installed. It is also not clear if 6-5.1 should apply to multiple row racks. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED." 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

~ 1 C - 29 - (6-6.3 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Paul Roberto, Wausau HPR Engineering RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as followE

6-6.3 Baffles are not required where in-rack sprinklers are spaced less than 6 feet apart. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, in paragraph 4-4.1.7.1 Exception No.1 refers users to NFPA 231C for rules concerning the use of baffles with in-rack sprinklers. There is currently no statement in NFPA 231C addressing this issue. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMrITEE STATEMENT: The Technical Committee is of the o~inion tu f t in-rack sprinklers can be spaced closer than G ft apart wit|lout baffles. Additionally, this is adequately addressed by NFPA 13, 1996 edition, section 4-6.3.4, wilidl is referenced by NFPA 231C~ NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C O M M r r r E E ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED:. 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

(Log #cPS) 251C- 30 - (6-8 Exception): Accept

_ 8 ~ Teclinical Committee on Rack Storage I R E C O M M E N D A T I O N : A d d an Exception to Section 6-8 to read as | f o l l o wl : | "Where a storage rack, d u e to its length, requires less titan the i number of In-cack q0~inlders specified, only those in-rack sprinklers I in a ang le rack need to be Induded in the calculation."

S ~ 3 U ~ I T I A T I O N : This darifles the Committees' in tent became only those in-rack sprinklers in a single storag e rack need to be Included in the calculation. Wllen storage ~ are o f a IiZe in which the number of in-rack sprinklers qx.qtlled cannot be Installed within the rack. ~ q~rinklen in an adjacent rack ( a c r ~ the al~e) do not need to be Included in the b)dlanlic calculation.

COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:


(Log #56) 231C- 31 - (6-9.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTEIh Peter Thomas, The Viking Corp. RECOMMENDATION: Delete from the second sentence of the paragraph the words:

"but not less than 160°F (71°C) rating ~. SUBSTANTIATION: The paragraph as it reads now prohibits the use of the 155°F (68°C) glass bulb sprinkler. There is no technical basis for prohibiting the use of 155~F glass bulb sprinklers. In fact much of the testing over the last 10 years has been done with this temperature rating. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 231C-1 (Log #CP13). NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MEMBEI~ ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: SCHUMANN: Ordinary temperature dassification ranges from

135°F to 170°F. In standards that were developed from tests using 165°F sprinklers, do we want to allow 135°F sprinklers to be used which could have an adverse effect on the number of operating sprinklers? 155°F should be the minimum temperature rating that can be used.

(Log #CP15) 231C- 32 - (6-9.4, 6-9.5, 6-9.6, 6-9.7): Accept

i SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: In Sectiom 6-9.4, 6-9.5, 6-9.6 and 6-9.7 add the following at the end of each section:

"See Table 6-9.2." SUBSTANTIATION: Table 6-9.2 summarizes the requirements of sections 6-9.4, 6-9.5, 6-9.6, and 6-9.7. However, it was not previously references in the body of the standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMrlTEE M~IBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTI~ 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Dryg~, O'Rourke

(Log #4) 251C- 33 - (Figure 6-9.8): Accept SuBMrrTER: Stephen L. Hoffnagle, Sun Alliance USA RECOMMENDATION: Typo on label of axis. Revise label of Figure 0-9.8 to read:

729

N F P A 2 ~ 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

138

1500

Reduced design mea of wrinkler operadon (m 2)

186 232 279 325 372 418 l m m m l l i l m m l 557

llmmmmlmmr, mm 511 iImmmnImmmamI

imuImmmr mmmmm 4~ )mmmmmmammmmm ummmmnImmmmu )mmmmrammmmmmm ,mnm,msinmmni immrimmmmmml 418 imB~lumImmmmi im,mmmmmmmml imrammmmImmmmm )'~mmmmmmmmmm ,umummmmmuImmI 372 Immmmmmmnmmm

immmmmmmmnumm immmmmmmmmmmm immImimnmimmm immmmmmmmmmmm immmmmmmmmmm LmImmmmmmmmmn 279 ,mmmmmmmimmmm

immmumnmmmmmm Immmmmmmmumu

immmmmmmmmmi i~

2O00 25O0 30OO 35OO 4OO0 4500 Reduced deign area of spdnkJer oper~km ( ~

, I N N N N N I N I I ~ l i i N N I n l i [ ! I l n i N l l l l l I

I N I I N N N i U N N I r m m m u m n w / n n u l i n n n n r l l n l l

I l n n n n i l l n l | L I N I I I I I I I N R I I I I I n I n I n I I

l I I I I n I n I I U m I i i i i i I n n i i n i I n i I i I i i n i i

)mmnmmmmmmmm immmmmmmmmmm ,mmmmmmmmmmm

325

v

i O

O

t

Figure 6.9.8 Adjustment of design area of sprinkler operation for clearance from top of storage tO ceUing.

SUBSTANTIATION: None. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

This has already been addressed by an errata to the1995 edition of NFPA 251C. NIPMBER OF COMMrrTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C04VlMrI'~ A~IL1ON:


(Log #29) 231C- 34- (6.12): Accept SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn.

I RECOMMENDATION: Insert the words: "as directed by Table 6-12" to the end of the first sentence of

Section 6-12. The sentence will then read: "..~hall be selected from the curves in Figures 6-12(a) through (g)

as directed by Table 6-12." SUBSTANTIATION: There is no reference to Table 6-12 in the text of file standard. This needs to be fixed. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS EHGIBLE TO VOTI~ 28 VOTE ON C O I ~ ACTION:


(Log #CP11) 231C- ~5- (6-12 (New)): Accept SUBMITrER: Teclmicai Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: Add a new section 6-12 and A-6-12 as follows, and renumber existing sections accordingly.

6-1.2" Protection criteria, in accordance with Clmpter 8 for Group A plastics, shall be permitted for the protection of the same storage height and configuration of class I, I|, III and IV commodities.

A-6.12 Information for the protection of Class I, II, III and IV commodities was extrapolated from finll scale fire tests performed at different times than the tests which helpe d develop the protection

for plastic commodities. It is possible that by selecting certain points from the curves in Chapter 6 (and after applying the appropriate modifications) that the protection specifidd by Chapter 6 is in excess of the requirements of chapter 8. I n these situations, the protection specified for plastics, although leas titan that required by the curves in Chapter 6, will adequately protect class I, II, III and IV commodities.

This section also allows flexibifity for storage areas designed to protect plastics to hare class I, II, III and IV commodities without- the need for reevaluation of fire protection systerm." SUBSTANTIATION: This change addresses the fact that the sprinkle? criteria for the protection of plastic commodities is also effective in protecting class I through IV commodities stored on racks. COMMITTER ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 D r y s ~ O'Rourke

(Log #30) i

231C- 36- (Table 6.12): Reject SUBMIT'rER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'! Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMFJqDATION: Delete, '~sithout Solid Shelves" from the title of the table. S ~ A N T I A T I O N : Guidance is needed on how to addres solid shelve¢ Section 5-13 implies that regular ceiling protectionwith sprinklers under every shelf is appropriate, but Table 6.12 prohibits this approach. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT." Data indicates that the sprinkler protection criteria in Table 6-12 is not effective, by itself, for rack storage with solid shelves, if the required flue spaf~s are not maintained. Additionally, the purpose of the ud>le is to provide user friendly guidance to the application of the rules in Chapter 6. Use of Figures 6-12(a) flwongh (g) along with additional pro~siom can provide acceptable protection. NUMBER OF COMMrPrEE MEMBEI~ ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log t~P1) 231C- 37 - (Table 6-12, Table 6-14, and Table 7-10.1): Accept SUBMITTF.J~ Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as fo l lo~:

(a) In file title m Table 6-12 remove the wording "aisles wider than 4ft".

(b) Revise the section reference "(B-6-11.2) in the heading of file fourth colunm of Table 6-12 to read (B-6-12.1).

(c) In the f t le to Table 7-10.1 replace tile wording "Aisles wider titan 4 ft" with the plwase "Aisles 4 ft or wider'.

(d) In tile title to Table 6-14 revise tile wording "Aisles Wider tlmn *8 ft" to read "Aisles 8 & or wider'.

(e) In section 6-14 revise the wording "aisles no narrower t i~u 8 ft (2.44 m)" to read "aisles 8 ft or wider". SUBSTANTIATION: (a) This chmlge makes Table 6-12 consiste~it with the text of the Standard (6-12.1). In rack storage up to 25 ft in height, aisles having a width ranging from 3 1/2 ft to 4 f tare to be protected using the criteria for 4 ft wide aisles.

(b) This is an editorial change. (c) In rack storage exceeding 25 R in [~ight, test results indicate

that aisles need to be a minimum of 4 ft in width. (d) This more dearly identifies the committee's intent which is

that Table 6-14 and Section 6.t4 are to apply to storage arrangements with aisles 8 ft or wider not aisles wider than 8 ft.

(e) See part d above. COMMIT'lEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C O M M r r T ~ ACTION:


730

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A98 R O P

(Log #5) 231C- 38 - (Figures 6-12(a), (b), (c), (d), (e)): Accept SUBMYrTER: Greg Stuver, M & M Protection Consultants

[ RECOMMENDATION: Change "in-rack" reference to ~ceiling" for I curve F only.

SUBSTANTIATION: Tiffs is a curve of density/area requirements for ceiling sprinklers only, 105°F rated. Each of these figures refers incorrecdy to in-rack sprinklers in curve F. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. This has already been addressed by an errata to the1995 edition of NFPA 231CL NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMrrTEE ACTION: '

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 DryEr, O'Rourke

(Log #CP17) 231C- 39 - (7-5, Table 7-10.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: 1. Delete the last sentence of Section 7-5 and Note 3 of Table 7-10.1.

2. Delete the Exception to Section 7-5. 3. Add the following as the last sentence to Section 7-5. "Longitudinal flue in-rack sprinklers shall be located at the

intersection with tile transverse flue space and with the deflector located above or below adjacent borizontal rack members. Such in- rack sprinklers shall be a minimum of 3 in. from rack uprights." SUBSTANTIATION: Data indicates that in-rack sprinklers need to t~laced in accordance with the provisions of this proposal so that

icy perform as intended. In-rack sprinklers must operate in a timely manner and flleir placement with regard to the rack's structural members and commodity loads is a critical factor in this regard. In-rack sprinklers are more effective when they are located at the intersection of flue spaces and not in the middle of commodity loads. Placement of the in-rack sprinklers with regard to vertical and horizontal rack members must also be considered. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: Placement of flue sprinkler as stated is acceptable

when die intersection in question is at a midpoint between rack uprights or there are also face sprinklers at both ends of the transverse flue. If stated intersection has rack uprights they could delay sprinkler activation and effect discharge pattern.

(Log #3) 231C- 40 - (7-0): Accept SUBMITTER: Jerry Merkel, United Sprinkler, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Delete file word "Pressure" in the title. SUBSTANTIATION: Paragraph refers to gpm now not pressure.

Also: 7-10.1 had a misprint (storage/and) space required. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 DryEr, O'Rourke

(Log #31) 251C- 41 - (7-10.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Make Section 7-10.1 and Table 7-10.1 apply to both single row and double row r,'uzk storage. SUBSTANTIATION: Guidance is needed on bow to protect single row rack storage. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Section 7-10.3 addresses single row racks with height of storage in excess of 25 ft. Also see Committee Proposal 231C-48 (Log #CP21) with regard to the revision of Section 7-10.3 and the associated figures. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #2', ~31C- 42 - (Table 7-10.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Jerry Merkei, United Sprinkler, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Footnote 1 should read:

"30 gpm minimum per in-rack sprinkler in remote area". SUBSTANTIATION: 30 psi has been changed to 30 gpm. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. Tlds has already been addressed by an errata to flle1995 edition of

NFPA 231C. NUMBER OF COMMITTEI/~ MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #52~ 251C- 43 - (Table 7-10.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Delete "without Solid Shelves" from the Table rifle. SUBSTANTIATION: Guidance needs to be given for how to deal with solid shelves. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Data indicates that the sprinkler protection criteria in Table 7-10.1 is not effective, by itself, for rack storage with solid shelves, if the required flue spaces are not maintained. Additionally, the purpose of the table is to provide user friendly guidance to the application of the rules in Chapter 7. Use of tile Figures 7-10.1 (a) througil 7-10.1 (j) along with additional

Ovisions canpro~ 'de acceptable protection. ER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28

VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 20 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

(Log #CP19~ 231C- 44 - (Table 7-10.1, Table 7-13): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: 1. In Table 7-10.1 add a new Note 9 to ] read as follows: [ Note 9. All in-rack sprinkler spacing dimensions start from the I floor. I 2. In Table 7-13, add a new Note 2 to read as follows: ] Note 2. All in-rack sprinkler spacing dimensions start from the I floor.

SUBSTANTIATION: This has always been tile intent of the committee and is now specifically stated. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 20 NOT RETURNED: 2 Dry'gas, O'Rourke

(Log #CP18~ 231C- 45 - (7-10.1.1 (New), Table 7-10.1, Figures 7-10.1(a) through

~U)) : Accept ^ BMITTERx Technical Committee on Rack ~torage

RECOMMENDATION: 1. Add a new Section 7-10.1.1 to read as follows:

7-10.1.1 Where a s inglerow rack is mixed with double-row racks, Table 7-10.1 and Figures 7-10.1(a) through 7-10.1 (j) shall be used.

Exception. Figures 7-10.3(a) through 7-10.3(c) shall be permitted to be used for tile protection of tile slngle row racks."

2. Revise Figures 7-10.1(a) through 7-10.10) as follows:

731

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

D

D

[B

D I l l ] ~ I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiii|iii@ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :::t.::::::::::::::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~ : ~ ~ " ~

: . : - : . : , : . : . : . : , : , : . : , : . : . : , : . : , : , : ~ . : . : -~ : . : . : , : . : . : , : .

Barrier "=":isi:i:i sls!s!:!"!s ---s!s!s!:i

?:il:i:i:iiiiii:i:i :i:i:i:i:i:i:i:-i:?:-:?:i:iSi:i:~ • ......... ...............=....=.............. .......... .,...........=....=.............. : . : . : . : . : . : .:.:.:,:.:.:.:..=:.:._--,:,:,:,:.:,:.:

I-IN ..... ~ ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . - . . = - - . . . - . , .

• : . : - : . : . : . : . : . : . : - : . : . : .~ : - : . z - : - : . : - : - : - x . . . . . : . : . : . : . : , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . . = . . - . . . , . - . - . - .

, . : . .

I - I N ~ - i : : : :~ L ............... ~:::~ .............. 81~ : i : i : i : i : i : i : i : : : : : : : ~ : - - : : : : : : : :::l::'::i:!:!:i:i: E :::::::::'--::'--::::-:::

L Barriers shown with. background

Elevation

Note: 1. Symbol Xindicatesin-racksprinklers.

Plan view

Figure 7-10.1 (a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I commodities, storage height 25 ft to maximum 30 ft (7.6 m to 9.1

m).

½ D

a

DD ,E xC 1 x ~ j__.

l id x~ ;N[3 ,~

I-IN

Face sprinklers

A I s ==::x,~____ L E

L,_I L,,_

Elevation Plan view

Notes: 1. Sprinklers labeled 1 (the selected array from Table 7-10.1) shall be

required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage. 2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C

or D represent top of storage. 3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled

E or F represent top of storage. 4. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled F, the cycle

defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. 5. Symbol A or X indicates sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

Figure 7-10.1(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

I N1 I-qJ-q .D ,D,D

11~ '~Dx½iD½ D N

N DIN

B o D IN IN IN : 1-171 ;N,D

Elevation Plan view (A or B)

Notes: 1. Alternate location of in-rack sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed above loads A and C or above loads B and D. 2, Symbol A or X indicates sprinklers on vertical or hodzontal stagger.

figure 7-10.I(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class i, II, or III commodities, storage height 25 ft to maximum 30 ft (7.6 m to 9.1

m).

732

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

F

,r-Rr-q ITIIE]

r. @@' n

r s

[ r-1 ;,I--lxr-] i D 5

/

E

Face sprinklers

Elevation Plan view

Notes: 1. Sprinklers labeled I shall be required where loads labeled A

represent the top of storage. 2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled

B or C represent top of storage. 3. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, and 3 shall be required where loads labeled

D or E represent top of storage. 4. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, and 4 shall be required where loads

labeled F or G represent top of storage. 5. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 shall be required where loads

labeled H represent top of storage. 6. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled H, the cycle

defined by Notes 3, 4, and 5 is repeated with stagger as indicated. 7. The indicated face sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where

commodity consists of unwrapped or unpackaged metal parts on wood pallets.

8. Symbol A or X indicates spdnkJers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

E

D

38.8. e

Dr i

88 ' e r

1 x s

D D D D

Face sprinklers

In-rack levels labled 1 and 2 are shown in this plan view

Elevation Plan view

Notes: I. Sprinklers labeled I (the selected array from Table 7-10.1) shall be

required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage. 2. Sprinklers labeled I and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C

or D represent top of storage. 3. Sprinklers labeled 1 end 3 shall be required where loads labeled E

or F represent top of storage. 4. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled F, the cycle

defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. 5. Symbol A or X indicates sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

Figure 7-10.1(e) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class 1, II, or III commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

Figure 7-10.1(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, or III commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

733

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

DE]

S

E]E] lE]'l-q e

Face sprinklers

1! ijx

Elevation Plan view

Notes: 1. Sprinklers labeled 1 (the selected array from Table 7-10.1) ,~all be


or D represent top of storage. 3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled E

represent top of storage. 4. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 4 shall be required where loads labeled F

or G represent top of storage. 5. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled G, the cycle

defined by Notes 2, 3, and 4 is repeated. 6. Symbol X indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.

r-qD 3 ~ \ F t2_lLl

O

s face s~rinklers

E]Fq N , ,' N NI!

i:i:i:i:

A ~ B ~ B a r r i e r iiii ............... arr rs ii'.~i'i'.';'ii':. :!i:?:iiii I i~::iiii ii s ~.!i.ii!i. S "."i.i!..::ii:....... L E I ~ - I F"-" l :~:~ i ~:~ ~::~::

background Elevation Plan view





defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated. 5. Symbols O, A, and X indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal

stagger.

Figure 7-10.1(g) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, or III commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

Figure 7-10.1(0 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, or l I l commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

7:34

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

DD

88 c 7sx i C QI

D D ,@xN

2DD ;

i Q D QD

Face sprinklers i / ~ x,

C : : : ~ A I

x : : : :~ S L E

Elevation Plan view



or D represent top of storage. 3. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, and 3 shall be required where loads labeled

E or F represent top of storage. 4. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, and 4 shall be required where loads

labeled G represent top of storage. 5. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 shall be required where loads

labeled H represent top of storage. 6. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, and 6 (not 5) shall be required where

loads labeled I or J represent top of storage. 7. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 shall be required where loads

labeled K represent top of storage. 8. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 shall be required where loads

labeled L represent top of storage. 9. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 shall be required where

loads labeled M or N represent top of storage. 10. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled N, the cycle

detined by Notes 1 through g is repeated, with stagger as indicated. In the cycle, loads labeled M are equivalent to loads labeled A.

11. Symbols O, X, and/t indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

Figure 7-10.I (h) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, III, or IV commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

D½

e D D , 2 x Pr

DD

DD

x -Ix

Elevation Plan view (I and 3)





defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated. 5. Symbol X indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.

Figure 7-10.1(i) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, lII, or IV commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

735

N F P A 231C - - A98 l O P

Elevation

Notes:

I-;-i

UacW4~und

Plan v~w

N N

2. 80dnkk~ t a b e ~ l and ~' and b a n ~ lebet0d I shaa be mqetred where loads ~ O reprosont top of mom0e.

4. For storage higher than mwesented by loads labeled E, the cycle defined by Notes 2 and 3 M repeated.

5. Symbol Ao~ Xindkates spdntdm onvmlealor hodzentals~tger. 6. Symb~ 0 ~dkatee 10n~u~n~ hue m Sl~n~em.

Figure 7-10.1(]) In-r~k ~ arrangement, ~ I, J[I, m , or I v commodidew, t~orage height over 2S ft (7.l~ m).

3. /tdd a new Note 9 to Table 7-10.1 t 9 re~l as foiiowE • Note 9. In Figures 7-10.](a) through 7-10.1(j)~ each square

represents a storage cube measuring :~ it to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.55 m) on a side. Actual load heighe; may vary from approximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 it ($.05 m). Therefore, there could be as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads between in-rack sprinklers which are spaced 10 ft (5.05 m) apart vertically. "

Additionally, in Figure 7-10.1(a) remove Note ~. In Figure 7- 110.1(b) remove Note 6. In Figure 7-I0.I(c) remove Note 5. In [ Figure 7-10.1 (d) remove note 9. In Figure 7-10.1 (e) remove Note 6. ] In F'~gure 7-10.1(I) remove Note 7. In-Figure 7-10.1(g) remove note ]6. In Figure 7-10.1(h) remove note I ~ InFigure 7-10.10) remove ] Note 6. in Figure %10.10) remove Note 7.

SUBSTANTIATION: I. mad 2. These changes were made to accommodate protection schemes for automatic stack and retrieval rack systems that incorporate a combination of single and double row racks.

5. Infounation regarding the size of the storage cubes was centralized to one location. Additional infornmtiou was provided with regard to in.rack Sprinkler placement for storage cubes that do not measure 4 ft to 5 i t on a side.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF c o M M r r r l ~ MEMBF..~. ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C O M M I T T ~ ACTION: " -

AFFIRMATIV~ NOT RETURNED: 2 Dryga& O'Rourk¢

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At the March 251C meeting a committee consisting

of Joe Hankim, J im Gallup, Herb ~ n and Todd Schumann was formed. ThOr charge ~ to review the various figures as published in this Report on Proposals.

(Log #CP2) 231C- 46 - (F'~,ure 7-10.1(h)): Accept SUBMrlWER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

[ R E C O ~ A T I O N : Revise text as follov4: In Note 3 to Figure 7-10.1 (h), add "2" so the note begins as:

"Sprinklers labeled 1, 2 and 3 shall be..." SUBSTANTIATIONt Both changes are editorial in nature. C ~ A C T I ~ : Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTIng MEMBERS ELIGibLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C ~ ACTION:

AFFIRMATIV~ 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 ~ Drygas, O'Rourke ,

~ (Log #32) 231C- 47 - (Figure 7-10.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTEIh Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATIOI~ In F'tgures 7-10.S(b) through (e) extend file Plan Views and show if in-furl sprinklers are required on the ends of each row ofrtorage. SUBSTANTIATION: No one knows the intent of the standard on this subject. Figure 7-10.$(a) clearly indicates that in-rack sprinklers are required, but the ~ figures don't Showthe ends of the racks. C O ~ ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Committee Propomd 231C-48 (Log #CP21). C O I ~ f f Y Y I ~ S T A T I M I ~ . The Cemmlttee believe, that Committee Propmal ~IC-48 (Log #CI~I) a&Iret~s the submitter's

NtP, f l t ] ~ O~' ~ M]DU~IM FAJGI]SI~ TO V O T ~ 28 VOTE ON COMMYI'rgE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVF~ 26 NOT RETURNED:. 2 Dryga& O'Rourke "

(Log ~,P21) ~1C- 48- (7-10.3, Figure 7-10.8(a) through 7-10.5(e)): Accept S ~ T T I ~ t : Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: I. Add a second paragraph to Section 7- 10.S to read as follows:

"In Mngle-row racks, where figures show in-rack sprinklers in trans~rse flue spaces centered])etween the rack faces, it shall be permitted to poatio- n these in.rack sprinklen in the tramverse flue at any point betwee n the load faces."

2. Revise Figures 7-10.$(a) through 7-10.$(e) as fol lo~. Maintain existing notes to the figures.

7SO

N F P A 231C ~ A98 R O P

S 8 8 8 8 8 D

Elevation

E~ E~ E~ E~ E~ £1

Plan view

Notes: I , For all storage h ~ h ~ spdnkle~, shall be Installed In every other

tier and staggered as incksted. 2. Symbol • or X Indicates sl~nklers on vertical or horizontal stsgger. 3. Each square in the figure mpmsenls a s k ~ g e cube measudng 4 It

to5 fl(1.25 m to 1.56 m) on astde.

Figure 7-10.$(a) Clam 1, 11, IH, or IV commodities, ia-rack sprinkler arrangement, single-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

S D E~

n EJ

B El n E3

m

Elevation

EJ E~ E1 EJ E7 E3

Plan vk~v

Notes: 1. Each square in the figure represents a storage cube measuring 4 ft

to5 ft (1.25 m Io 1.56 m) on a slde.

Figure 7-10.S(b) Class I, 11, or I][1 commodities, in-rack sprinkler an-angemeut, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

737

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 ROP

~ Barder

D D

~ ] j - Barrier

D

Barrier

Barriers shown with background

Elevation Plan view

Notes: 1. Each square in the figure represents a storage cube measuring 4 It

to 5 ft (1.25 m to 1.56 m) on a side.

Figure 7-10.~(c) Class I, I I , or I I I commodities, in-rack sprinkler arrangement, single-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

8 D

D

B El [3 []

8 [] [] D [] D r7

Elevallon Plan view


to 5 ft (1.25 m to 1.56 m) on aside.

lr~mre 7-10.$(d) Class I, H, HI, or IV commodities, in-rack sprinkler arrangement, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 ft

(7.6 m).

738

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 ROP

~ Barfier

D ~ . - Barrier

D ~ j - B a r r i er

background Elevation Plan view


to 5 ft (1.25 m to 1.56 m) on a side.

Figure 7-10.3(e) Class I, II, III, or IV commodities, in-rack sprinkler arrangement, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.B m).

SUBSTANTIATION: 1. Data indicates flint for single row racks, in-rack sprinklers do not need to be located in dae center of flae pallet load to operate properly.

2. These changes are editorial in nature and make file figures more user friendly. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At dae March 231C meeting a committee consisting

of Joe Hankins, Jim Gallup, Herb Davidson and Todd Schumann was formed. Their charge was to review die various figures as published in this Report on Proposals.

(Log #46) 231C- 49- (7-11): Reject SUBMITTER= Paul Roberto, Wausau Insurance Companies RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"Horizontal barriers used in conjunction wida in-rack sprinklers to impede vertical fire development shall be constructed of sheet metal (minimum 18 gauge), wood (minimum 1-inch dfickness), or similar matedal and shall extend dae full lengdl and widdl of file rack." SUBSTANTIATION: Existing text in 7-11 states flint dae barriers ,are intended to impede vertical fire development yet provides no minimum guidelines for dm materials to serve dais purpose. The only guidance provided in dae appendix is timt file material must be of sufficient strength to avoid sagging flint interferes widi loading and unloading.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The function of the barrier is to impede heat flow until the in-rack sprinkler operates. The Technical Committee believes daat the current wording and dae associated appendix material to tiffs section offer sufficient information regarding construction of the barrier. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: GOTTO: I agree widl tlae submitter flint additional details as to

die specifics of die barriers should be included in dae standard, more specifically dae appendix, wifll die intent of allowing d~e standard to be of more assistance to tile user in dais matter.

(Log #1) 231C- 50- (7-11 Tide): Accept SUBMITTER: Jerry Merkel, United Sprinkler, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Tide should read:

"Horizontal Barriers and In-Rack Sprinklers." SUBSTANTIATION: Tltis paragraph pertains to horizontal barriers in conjunction widl... COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MFaMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:


(Log #53) 231C- 51 - (7-12.1 and A-7-12.1): Reject SUBMI'FrER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'! Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Delete "widlout solid shelves" from die section and die ap ppe endix. SUBSTANTIATION: Guidance needs to be given on how to PcrOtect solid shelves.

OMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action and Statement on Proposal 231C-36 (Log #30) and 231C-43 (Log #52). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #54) 231C- 52- (7-15.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Kennedl E. Ism,-m, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Delete "widlout solid shelves". SUBSTANTIATION: Guidance needs to be given for how to deal widl solid shelves. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action and Statement on Proposal 231C-36 (Log #30) and 231G-43 (Log #52). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP4) 231C- 53 - (Figure 8-1.1, Entire Document): Accept SUBMITrER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: (a) Revise Figure 8-1.1 as follows:

739

N F P A 2 3 1 C i A 9 8 R O P

Cart!nod

I Expar~t~l o r

non*xp~d~l

I I

Stab~ Rguro 8-2 (par= a-j), 8-3.1, and 8-3-

Group A

I I

Une~'ton~l (Outsido ~o scope of Chapter 8)

Pla6tic=

I o.Lc Group B Class IV Class IH

I Froo-I o*ing Class IV

(Log #48) 231C- 55 - (8-1.4): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER= Panl Roberto, Wansan Insurance Companies RECOMMENDATION: Revise text as follows:

"Ceiling sprinklers shall be large orifice or extra large orifice and rated ordinary to higil temperature." SUBSTANTIATION: The exception to paragraph 5-1.2 allows die use of extra large orifice (ELO) sprinklers for Chapter 8 applications. Paragraph 8-1.4 appears to prohibit the use of ELO by not including ELO in the requirement or in any of die four exceptions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log #33). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee believes flint die Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log #33) addresses die submitter's concerns. N U M B E R OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


Figure 8-1.1 Decision tree.

(b) Throughout die document replace d~e term "exposed plastic" with " u n ~ r t o n e d plastics". SUBSTANTIATION: The term uncartoned more accurately reflects the Committee's intent and is consistent wifla previous fire tests. Additionally, file protection of uncartoned plastics is outside die scope of Chapter 8 not NFPA 231C in its entirety. Large drop and ESFR sprinklers are effective against certain storage arrangements of uncartoned plastics. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Dryg'as, O'Rourke

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: The change from exposed plastic to uncartoned

plastic will be out of sync with terms used in NFPA 231. There is no similar proposal to NFPA 231.

(Log #33) 231C- 54- (8-1.4): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Kennefll E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise 8-1.4 to read:

"Ceiling sprinklers shall be 17/32 or 5 / 8 in. orifice spray sprinklers and rated ordinary to high temperature." SUBSTANTIATION: Section 5-1.2 implies that 5 /8 in. sprinklers are permitted by Chapter 8. This section should agree. The term "large orifice" has been eliminated since NFPA 13 eliminated it in the 1996 edition. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I . Revise 8-1.4 to read 8-1.4 Ceiling sprinklers shall have an orifice size larger than 1/2

in. and be rated ordinary to high temperature. 2. Delete Exceptions No. 1 and No. 2, and renumber Exceptions

No. 3 and No. 4 accordingly. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Data indicates dlat sprinklers wida orifices larger than 1/2 in. can be used to effectively protect plastic commodities stored in racks. This action more clearly indicates this, and does not place unnecessary limitations on the sprinkler orifice sizes. The Exceptions for large drop and ESFR sprinklers where removed because Chapter 8 applies only to spray sprinklers. Protection of plastics using large drop and ESFR sprinklers is addressed in Chapters 9 and 10 respectively. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: Agree tl~at Chapter 8 applies only to spray

sprinklers but dmt is not stated. Revise 8-1.4 to "Ceiling sprinklers simll be spray sprinklers having an orifice size larger fllan..."

(Log #16) 231C- 56 - (8-1.4 Exception No. 5 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Tracey D. Bellamy, TVA/The Home Depot /Home Base/Eagle Hardware/Home Quarters RECOMMENDATION: Add an Exception as follows:

Excention No. 5: ELO sorinklers installed in accordance with Fi~lre8-2 Note 6 or 7.

Note: See companion change to Figure 8-2. SUBSTANTIATION: A full scale test program was conducted widi various double-row storage arrangements of a Cartoned Group A Unexpanded Plastic Commodity at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) test facility. The series of nine (9) tests were all conducted using ELO sprinklers. The results of the testing program clearly demonstrate the acceptable performance of ELO sprinklers in protecting Group A Plastic Commodity.

Complete details of the test program are documented in the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) Technical Report, FMRC J.I.0XR0.RR, Large-Scale Fire Tests of Rack Stored Group A Plastics in Retail Operation Scenarios Protected by Extra Large Orifice (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, November 1994. Additionally, an article has been published in the Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, Volume 8, No. 1 1996, pp 1-12, Protection of Warehouse Retail Occupancies widl Extra Large Orifice (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, Factory Mutual Research Corporation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log #33). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee believes that the action taken on Proposal 231G-54 (Log #33) addresses tile submitter's concern. N U M B E R OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #43) 231C- 57 - (8-1.4 Exception No. 5 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James Golinveaux, Central Sprinkler Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add Exception No. 5 to read as follows:

"The use of orifice sizes larger than extra-large orifice (ELO) shall be permitted where listed for such use." SUBSTANTIATION: The limitation of orifice size in this section restricts die use of sprinklers that are equal in performance and recognized by NFPA 13, 1996. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log #33). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tile Committee believes that die Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log #33) addresses die submitter's concern. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


740

NFPA 231C - - A98 ROP

(Log #49) 231C- 58 - (8-1.4 Exception No. 5 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Douglas Rice, Central Sprinkler Co. RECOMMENDATION: Add an Exception No. 5 as follows:

Exception No. 5: Special sprinklers in accordance wid~ Section 5- 1.3. SUBSTANTIATION: New teclmology in fire sprinklers for high piled storage occupancies is progressing rapidly. The standard as it exists restricts new technology unless specifically approved by each and every authority having jurisdiction in accor~mce wid~ 1-1.1. This restricts d~e use of new technology which could increase d~e level of protection ,and reduce dae cost of the installed system. This proposal would allow new technology to progress while providing gcuidance similar to NFPA 13.

OMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. See Committee Action on Proposal 231C-54 (Log 033).

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tbe Committee believes daat d~e Committee Action on Proposal 231C,-54 (Log #33) addresses dae submitter's concerns. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #18) 231C- 59 - (Figure 8-2): Reject SUBMITTER: Tracey D. Bellamy, TVA/The Home Depot /Home Base/Eagle Hardware/Home Quarters RECOMMENDATION: Add reference to Note 6 to Figure 8-2, Part c as follows:

]Part c: 15-~ (4.~7-m) *tot'age S-it (1.$2-m) to 10 ft O.~$-m) oeiliag dearaa~e

0.60 8pro per iP/4000 (24.5 Idmia per ~/372 m.')

0.30 Spin pet 1~/2000 R* ( 12.2 Idmin pet t#/186 m :~)

S~e 8-2.1.3, 8-2.1.5 end ~o~ 6 See Note 2 ~cl Figure 8-2 Part h

/ / / / / / / / / / , I / / / / / / / /1/H/1/ / / / /

A d d r e f e r e n c e to N o t e 6 to F i g u r e 8-2, Part d as fo l lows:

Part d: 20,-n (6.10-m) sterage; , ,~ft ( l . ~ - I ) ceiling cl~rss , ce

0.60 Morn l ~ r ~1,4000 ~ 0.45 Spin pa" IP/2000 fe 0 , ~ 8t~,m imr ~r7,O00 iP ('24.5 ~ Lo~r ma/"J"r2 m ~ (18.3 L/tam per m~/186 m ~) (12..2 L /mla per re'l iB6 m t )

See ~2.1.3.--e~ 8-2.1.5 ~ See Note 2 tad ¥1pre 8-2 See Note 2 tad Fillme 8-2 Ptrth P m h

.Fq

III//II//HIIH I/IH////I/I/H III//H//HH/I

D e l e t e r e f e r e n c e to N o t e 5 a n d a d d r e f e r e n c e to N o t e 7 to F igure 8-2, Part e

Part~ 204t (& IO-I) ~ o ~ ~ O.~I) I~ I ~R ~0~40 ¢tl~ag dmralum

0,45 t, lpm t ~ I~t'Je00 ~ 0 3e lipm per f,~2000 ~ 0.30 ~ leer fee2000 f~ 0.J0 ~ fa. ~ a* ( 18.3 I~mu l~f mqUt6 J~ ( 12] L/eia pet mql t f m,) ( 12~t L/ram per mql 8~ re?) 0Z2 L/ram ~m.~/i 86 m t )

Sa Ncm 2._l~L,2 md ~,ec k'lete 4 tad fit, me 8. ~ ,~,e 14et* 4 tad Figen It-2 .'ke Here 3 md l'i$,me 8-,2 Ftltmt 1-2 Pa~. h ~ l l j Pm'tj Plftl

E3o_D E3.

]ll/]Hl/II//ll 1/1/I/I/////1// I/Hill/I/It/It /lllllll/l]/l/l

Add tile following notes to Figure 8-2: 6. When ELO sorinklers are installed at die ceilin~ only. the water

demand may be reduced to 0.60 gpm net ft2 2000 ft2 (24L/mio per m 2/186 m2).

7. When ELO snrinlder are sorinkler ,are installed at the ceiling. the in-rack sprinklers may be ~]iminate~t provide0 tile water demand i~ increase0 to 0.60 gpm her ft2/2000 ft2 (24L/rain per m2/][86

m 2) and the ceiliniz height over tile orotected area does not exceed 27 ft (2.13 m~. SUBSTANTIATION: A full-scale test program was conducted wit] various double-row rack storage arrangements of a Cartoned Group A Unexpanded Plastic Commodity at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) test facility. Tests No, 1 and 2 of this series included protection of file Group A Plastic Commodity stored to 20 ft under a 27 ft ceiling by a design density of 0.60 gpm per ft2 utilizing ELO sprinklers. The results of the testing program clearly demonstrate fl~e acceptable performance of sprinkler systems protecting storage configurations involving Group A Plastics up to 20 ft in height under a 27ft. when utilizing ELO sprinklers to deliver a design density of 0.60 gpm per ft 2.

Complete details of the test program are documented in tile Factory Mutual Resem'ch Corporation (FMRC) Technical Report, FMRCJ.I. 0X1R0.RR, Large~Scale Fire Tests of Rack Stored Group A Plasucs in Retail Operation Scenarios Protected by Extra Large Odfice (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, November 1994. Additionally, an article has been published in die Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, Volume 8, No. 1 1996, pp 1-12, Protection of Warehouse Retail Occupancies with Extra Large Orifice (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, Factory Mutual Research Corporation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tbe Committee is of the opinion that NFPA 231C is applicable for die protection ofproperty only. NFPA 231C should not be interpreted as a life safety document. Additional measures, such as those contained in NFPA 101, The Life Safety Code, would need to be considered where life safety is a goal of die overall building fire protection system. Also see Committee Statement on Proposal 231G-23 (Log #15) widl regard to oflaer items addressed by fltis proposal. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP22) 231C- 60 - (Figure 8-2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise Figure 8-2 parts (a) througb (g) as indicated. Delete parts (h), (i) and (j) of Figure 8-2. Maintain existing notes to Figure 8-2.

741

NFPA 281C - - A 9 8 ROP

Part a: S-ft (1.S2-m) to 10-. ( 3 . ~ )

0.30 10,m" ItX 12000 fIX + ( 1 2 ~ / n ~ per mx/ 186 rex) < ~ (1.sin-m)

0 O0 0 O0 0 O0

B ~O0 iO0 C3 C[]C3

0.4S ~ n j ~ r ttx 12000 ttx (lS.~ ~ ,~n ~ r rex /+mmx) < s- , (+~-m)~o ~0.~ (~.~.~)

O0 O0 O0 ~00 iO0 C3C~

Plan view Plan sdew

+oo+oo Ioo.+oo +00 , +00 Elevation ' Ele~l ion

Part a: 5 - h (1.52-m) to 10--ft (~.05-m) mm,a~.

• l l e~l.1 Jl l l~llkl I 4 m l 4 1 a l +

oo:,+,+,++

+n ++nO+++++ Part b: 15--ft (4.57--~) ston~e.

< ~- f t (l.5~--m) ~ c e .

s w i - I t + i i ~ I-~I 1 Jl kmN~ll I nO oo +n + O O n " : n FTT 'n

B OO;[~;

l q , i ~ l , lqlm ,141,ii

[] oo O DO[ ~ : O DO O0 rTTI

Part ¢: l~-h (4.~7-m) 5-~t (l.~-m) to IOft (S.O~-m) ceiling ¢IM~.-e.

I , ~ 4: m ICl .ml ~ m l N . l ~ 141 I U I ~ I m l q l m

O~OO~r~+

~ m M ~ l

u u , u , , , , , , , , , l l l ,ml lm

Part d: f~-t't (6.1&-m) storage; <5 - f t ( 1 . 5 2 4 ) ~ clearance.

P~I a 1141 i I .mml d ~ l l + ~ I I I I t : l l m l I I +1.11 t l . l k l ~ l r l ~ I ~ I 1 ~

i l l i i01l | +

B~BB~m~ iqm ~l l l l

P,P,~,P',~%

i+i ++m

h i4111 1

m

Part e: ~) - f t (6.10-~m) storage; 5 - h (l.SY+--m) to 10~lPt ($.05-m) cemng clearance. (See Note 5)

74~


~Nem3 off (244 m}mm I:~Wmn q3qnld~t S~e Note 4 e A ~ 44 m) mgm. ~weml ~ d ~ s

o nn B88o

OO n-T~ mFT-n I ~ t m ~ t m

Part f: 25-ft (7.62-m) storage; < 5 - f t (1.52-m) ceiling clearance. (See Note 5)

Part g: 2S-ft (7.S2-m) storage and f~ t (1.$2-m) to 104t (3.0r~m) ceiling ¢leiranoe (ram Note

0.30 gpm per f tx/ 2000 RX (12.2 Idm/n per mx 1186 rex) See Nate 4

•

P l a n v i e w

MD

8 'It (2.44 m) max. between so.klein

A I s L E

I

mnulInnl i J i - i

Elevation

Notes to parto a through g: 1. Each square rapraasnim a cube meesudng 4 R to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.53 rn) on c

~de. Actual load h ~ h l l can van/from appro~dmatoly 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (3.05 m). Theraiore, thore coukl ba as few es one load to as rnany as a/x or seven loads that era spaced 10 ft apart vertically between in-rack qplinklera.

2. Single level of in.rack el~cklem [z \x in. or ~ \ c x in. (12.7 mm or 13.5 mm) oporatin¢ at 15 psi II.O0 ba0 minimuml inatalled on 8 R to 10 It (2.S m to

3.12 m) spac/ngs located, as indica~d, in the transverse flue mace~ 3. Single level of in-rack slxinkler: [.~(\cx in. (I 3.5 ram) operalng at 15 I~i

(1.00 bar) minimum or Z\x in. (12.7' nan) opora~ng at 30 psi (2.07 bar) minimum] installed on 4 ft to 5 # (1.25 m to 1.56 m) slDadngs located, es indicated, in the IongRudinal flue m at the intemeclion of every transverse flue q~ace.

4. Two leveJs of in-reck 8pfinklera [Z\X in. or Z/~cx in. (12.7 mm or 13.5 ram) ope¢~ng at 15 p~ (1.~ bar) minimum] installed on 8 ft to 10 I1 (2.5 m to 3.12 m) opacingi lecated as indicated and 8taggeced in the tmnm,4x, es apace.

5. Ooiling-only pmtoc~on ~11 not be ~ e d for this atorage oontiguralion.

Part g: 2.~-ft (7.62-m) storage; S-ft (1.52-m) to 10-ft (3.05--m) ceiling clearance. (See Note 5)

2. Revise Note 1 to Figure 8-2 to read as follows: "Each square represents a storage cube measuring 4 ft to 5 ft (1.22

m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heights may vary from

~ePrOximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (3.05 m). Therefore, re could be as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads

between in-rack sprinklers which are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) apart vertically. ~ SUBSTANTIATION: 1. These changes are editorial in nature and combine elevation and plan views for each protection scheme. As a result parts (h), (1), and (j) are no longer necessary.

2. Information regarding in-rack sprinkler placement for storage cubes not measuring 4 ft to 5 ft on a side was added. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBER5 ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At the March 231G meeting a committee consisting

of Joe Hanklns, J im Gallup, Herb Davidson and Todd Schumann was formed. Their charge was to review the various figures as published in this Report on Proposals.

(Log #17) 2MG- 61 - (8-2.1.3 Exception (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Tracey D. Be,amy, TVA/The Home Depot /Home Base/Eagle Hardware/Home Quarters RECOMMENDATION: Add an Exception as follows:

Exc(;ption: RQof steel protection is nQt required when the c~iling protection is desiE, ned to provide 0.60 gpm per f t2/2000 R2 (24 L /min per m2/186m2 ) utilizin~ ELO sprinklers.

Note: See companion change to Figure 8-2 log. SUBSTANTIATION: A full-scale test program was conducted witi! various double-row stack storage arrangements of a Gartoned Group A Unexpanded Plastic Commodity at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) test facility. The series of nine (9) tests all included measurement of the peak/maximum one minute average roof steel temperatures. The results of the testing program dearly demonstrate the acceptable performance of sprinkler system in maintaining the roof steel temperature well below the tiweshold temperature of 1180°F.

Complete details of the test program are documented in the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) Technical Report, FMRCJ.I. 0XlR0.RR, Large-Scale Fh'e Tests of Rack Stored Group A Plastics in Retail Operation Scenarios Protected by Extra Large Orifice (ELO) Sprinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, November 1994. Additionally, an article has been publ i sbed in the Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, Volume 8, No. 1 1996, pp 1-12, Protection of Warehouse Retail Occupancies with Extra Large Orifice (ELO)

rinklers, Joan M.A. Troup, Factory Mutual Researcll Corporation. MMIT1"RE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

[ Do not add the Exception as suggested by the submitter, instead, ] in 8-2.1.$ delete the last sentence of the second paragraph. \

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Data indicates that when only ceiling sprinklers are installed using the protection criteria identified in parts C and D of Figure 8-2, additional protection of roof structural steel is not necessary. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBFJ~ ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP24) 231C- 62 - (8-3, 8-3.1, Table 8-3.1, 8-3.2.4 (New), Figures 8-3.2.4(a) through (f) (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Teclmical Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise tile title of Section 8-3 to read as follows:

~8-$ Single-, Double- and Multlple-Row Racks ~ Storage over 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height."

2. In Section 8-$.1 delete the words "in single- and double-row racks"

3. Revise tile title of Table 8-3.1 to read as follows. "Ceiling Sprinkler Discbarge Criteria for Single-, Double- and

Multiple-Row Racks with Storage over 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height." 4. Add a new section 8-3.2.4 to read as follows: "In multiple-row racks without solid shelves witl storage height

over 25 ft and a maximum of 10 ft (3 m) between the top of storage and tile roof/ceiling, in-rack sprinklers shall be installedas indicated in Figures 8-3.2.4(a) through 8-$.2.4(f)."

743

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

5. Add new Figures 8-3.2.4(a) darough 8-3.2.4(0 as follows:

Max. 18 in.---* (.46 m)

o E

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

:,, A ~,,.~...~ i .~ .~-~ I

I S~i~i~!!!~!!t :] ~i!i!!!!i::::::::::t S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L ~ : : : : ~ E . . . . . . ...,.

~ M a x . 8 ft (2.44 m) Face sprinklers

Plan view

I II I

OO t~---1 r--~

! |

ON

8 8 8 NS~'~'FI] O a F r ] [ - - ' k f - B a r r i e r

N N Nr--. i -ll-b-~-,,o, OOOE i[]O 8 8 8N~i.] i~f~=e, ½ ~'3EN. ON ON ~ ON <:o~<:,

I Elevation

Figure 8-3.2.4(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic and uncartoned unexpanded plastic, multiple-row racks, storage

height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater than 80 sq ft (7.44 sq m).

Max. 18 in.--* (.~rr

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ - ~ ' - ~

. . . . : . . . . . . . , . . . . ~

~ B ~ :"" . :::::: ~

. . : . . . . : . . . . . : _ .

F ] Max. 8 ft (2.44 m) Face swinklecs

!@~::} :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ ~ ~ : ~ : ~ , ~ : ~ !i:iiiiii:t.:f::!::!::!:l!:l:i:!!::!!:l:::li:ii!!i!i!ti@iiil:t!iiii:!!! I s ~ ! ~ [ : ~ : : i ~ i i ~ : ~ I L . " :'. " " ' . : . ~ g ~ - : . ' " . ' . " :. '}'i"" ~ ! ~ ' : ~ . . . . , . . . . . , "'":"' "~'" Y' '

Plan vl~,t

-'-----i ~ F

000 0010 : 0 0 0,0 0 0.0~, ~B . . . .

000 O00 i

Or-GN r--ir-li--i , ' ~ r - iF- iN I--II--10 -< I--Ir--II--I .?-

ElevaUon

F i b r e 8 -3 .2 .4~ ) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic anna uncartoned unexpanded plastic, mtlitlple-row racks, storage

height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater than 80 sq ft (7.44 sq m).

Max. 18 in. - ~ [ ~ , } - - - Max. 8 ft (.46m) tL~,:,t! !(2.44m)

> ~ ......... i i .............. ~ ii ~ii!iiiiiiiiii!i!i~

I • .i.. : i::.....;:.:

e ii!i

Plan view

Face sprinklers /\

NN IN: r - I m-[/-~a-,~r

n n F I N i [ - ] r -~ "ar°er • - • i

_NO OOClO i .]u

L L S m ' i ~ (3.05m) i - i1- - i ~ N I - ] I - IF] ~ [3 ,oorox 1,

Elevation Figure 8-3.2.4(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic,

uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expanded plastic, multiple-row racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.6-2-m). The

protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater than 50 sq ft (4.65 sq m).

Max. 18 I n . ~ 1 . 4 6 m )

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: =~1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m e : . . , : . . . .

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ' ~ . ~ .

... : .: ... ~.~..~ !:i:!:i..t: [!:!:!:!:!: ~! [!:!:!:

I

---'..'--'- - "::--'-'-' L ......; . . . . . . . ::_,... :-" "" " ' " ' ' ' 9

•..-Max. 8 ft

3 @ D i D : ~

ill:!. :: :i ii: i .. s ~@,D~D,DQ i P l l i v t¢¢

: ]E]E] OOEI] EI INI3 ~ onF ~-- JOEl OO0"E:E:_~'F%OE Ol~EI OEOOClOlli OF-~.,,.,,

OMo'EIOII, ~ ° ON

[3ME]EIOIZi ~-BrflE ~: O O O L D O E ] O D D L O N O "~:

E l ~ a ~ o n

Figure 8-3.2.4(d) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic, uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expanded plastic,

multiple-row racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater

than 50 sq ft (4.65 sq m).

744

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

M a x . 1 8 i n - " - ~ I ~ =i M a x 8 f t . • . to ~'J ~ r a c e s p r i n k l e r s ( .4~) II / . . . . . m,

Plan view

;'N

I Elevation

Figure 8-3.2.4(e) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic, uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expanded plastic,

multiple-row racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater

than 50 sq ft (4.65 sq m).

S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : The following informat ion has been found to be effective for ti~e protect ion of plastics s tored on mult iple-row racks over 25 ft in he igh t and shou ld be inc luded in rite s tandard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMM IT T E E MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C O M M I T T E E ACTION:


C O M M E N T ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At die March 231G mee t i ng a commi t tee consist ing

of Joe Hankins , J im Gallup, He rb Davidson a n d T o d d S c h u m a n n w~s formed. The i r charge was to review die various f igures as publ i shed in tiffs Repor t on Proposals. Also, how can u n c a r t o n e d

~ lastics be inc luded in the f igure titles when Figure 8-1.1 was revised y 231C-53 to state flint u n c a r t o n e d plastics are outside the scope of

Chapter 8?

Max. 18 in.-Pll~- --d s,. Face spfinklem (.4s m) / / /

A A

~ i , I f N I , I Plan view

N.N t n,,Ut

Elevation Figure 8-3.2.4(f) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic,

uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expanded3~lastic, multiple-row racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.6-2-m). The

protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater than 50 sq ft (4.65 sq m).

(Log #CP23) 231C- 63 - (8-3.1.1 (New), Figure 8-5.2.1(a) and (b)) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technica l Commi t t ee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: 1. Add a new Section 8-10.1.1 to read ,as follows:

8-10.1.1 W h e r e a single row rack is mixed with double-row racks, e i ther Figure 8-2 or Figures 8-3.2.1 (a) t h rough 8-3.2.1(a) shall be used in accordance with tile co r respond ing storage height .

Exception. Figures 8-3.2.3(a) t h r o u g h 8-3.2.3(c) shall be permi t ted to be used for the protect ion of tile single row racks."

2. Revise Figures 8-3.2.1 (a) ,and (b) ,as shown on the nex t page. Mainta in exist ing notes.

3. Revise Note 7 to Figure 8-3.2.1(a) and Note 6 to Figure 8- 5.2.1(b) to read as shown on the nex t page:

"Each square represents a s torage cube measur ing 4 ft to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heigbts may vary f rom approximate ly 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (5.05 m). Therefore , there could be ,as few ,as one load to as many as six or seven loads between in-rack sprinklers which are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) apar t vertically. " S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : 1 and 2. These changes accommoda te protect ion schemes for au tomat ic stack and retrieval rack systems that incorporate a combina t ion of single and double row racks

5. Informat ion regard ing in-rack sprinkler p l acement for storage cubes no t measu r ing 4 ft to 5 f t on a side was added. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 28 VOTE ON C O M M I T T E E ACTION:


C O M M E N T ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At the March 231C mee t ing a commit tee consist ing

of Joe Hankins , J im Gallup, He rb Davidson a n d T o d d S c h u m a n n was formed.. . Their. cbarge was to review the various f igures as p u b h s h e d m flus Repor t on Proposals. Also, how can unca r toned

E lastics be inc luded in the f igure rifles when Figure 8-1.1 was revised y 231G-53 to state tha t unca r toned plastics are outside fl~e scope of

Chapter 8?

7 4 5

NFPA 2SIC - - A98 ROP

1-11111

labMeclA or u r ~ r m m t topoi stora0e. 2. Scdnklar, IMbed 1 and 2 and bm'riars lai~iecl 1 ,hall be req~KI

whwo Joeds Id)eJed C nmrNent top'of storage. 3. SpdnMer, 8rid benqer8 lobelod I and ~ shdl I~e requ~ed where

loeds labelod D or E roprNem lop o( mmxgo_ 4. For stom0e h~gher Ihan roprosonted by toeds laboJod E, 8he cyde

dellned by Noh~ 2 and 3 b ropeaed. S. Spbo l A or X Indlc~es f ~ q ~ M w s an wmlad or horlzon~l

stagger. 6. Symbol 0 in~mte~ longitudinal flue ~ ~orlnkk~. 7. Each square reweso(~ a stom0e cube momudno 4 It to 6 It

(1.22 m to 1.68 m) on al~do. AcSml load hol0Ms ~m vmy lrom ~ 18 In. (0.46 m) up Io 10 ft ($.06 m), Tl lweks~ Ihae c~x~kl Ix~ ~ ~ m ~ k l l m u mm'~ u dx ~'soven laads beevoen ~rack ~ 8ua are speced'~0 # (S.0S m) apat ver~dy,

~ m m o d l m . , momlle m , q ~ o ~ r B I~ ( ' / J m)

D mid

a

ElevMlm

Noms:

$ L E

P l m m

1. ~xiNd,m labMad 1 Mvdl be r ~ wlwm load, IMWiKIA or B r,c.,**m top ol ,,m.qp.

2. slut'~um Um,ud 1 mul 2 alton b r*qulmd wtmm bacU Um*k~ O r*pnmm mp of mmg,.

$. _ ~ IIdlMld I and $ MIdl Im r ~ ' M m r , iNd* 18ba4ld D or E m m e m W d amqp.

4. For uo~;o hlu0w tun Ioeds Ubo0od F. Uu g~0o ddhud by Nome 2 i lcl $-b mlmWNL

S. SpW~ X ~ m~ ~ , n k q m k h s . s. I~m o ~ ~ a a o ~ mNaudnO 4 t m S t

Ixtwem in-r~k q ~ k b a lhst m q , taed 10 II ~.06 m) ~un

F tp ro K 2 . 1 ~ ) hH'nck ~ 0 m u p e m t , Groep A jbe~c commodidm, storq~e ~q~ t t over 11; h ('7.6 m)

746

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

(Log #CP3) 231C- 64 - (Figure 8-3.2.3(a), (b), and (c)): Accept S U B - - R : TechnicaJ Committee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: l. Revise Figures 8-3.2.3(a) dlrough 8-3.2.3(c) as follows:

NOTE:

@ U n @ D n @

@ Plan view

X

D D

I t l l IVI/ l l l l l~W// Elevation

1. Each square represents a storage cube measuring 4 tt to 5 It (1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heights can vary from approximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 It (3.05 m). Therefore, there could he as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads between in-rack spdnklem that are spaced 10 It (3.05 m) apart vertically.

Figure 8-3.2.3(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Group A plastic commodities, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

NOTE:

D

D @

!-1 x

g n

D D Plan view

X

D D

I t l l IV/ / / / l l l~V// Elevation

1. Each square relxasents a storage cube measuring 4 ft to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heights can vary from sppmxiamtely 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (3.05 m). Therefore, there could be as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads between in-rack sprinklers that are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) spart vertically.

lrtgure 8-3.2.3(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Group A plasdc commodities, single-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m)

747


P h m ~

[] []

H Et~attm

NOTE t Ear3111~ale le~e~nls e 111311tge ~lt3e ;ll~atJllnO 4 II Ii~ 5 I I

(1 22 m e 1 ~ m) on ~ ace Aotm i ~ a t m ~ l s can vsfy I~mn ~oxm la~y lS tn Oa6m up lo lOl l (3OGm Thaebe.~lae coula be ae I ~ em one i~la 1o as mmy iis six ol ~q I ~ be~een m-~i~ qx nldel l I la l aJe slmcaa 1 o It {3 o5 ra) ep~t vm~

Figure 8-3.2.3(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Group A plastic commodities, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m)o

2. Revise note 1 to Figures 8-3.2.3(a) through 8-3.2.3(c), to read as follows:

"Fad] square represents a storage cube measuring 4 ft to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heights may vary from approximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (3.05 m). Therefore, there could be as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads between in-rack sprinklers which are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) apart vertically. " SUBSTANTIATION: 1. Changes are editorial in nature and make drawings consistent widi d ie format of other revised figures.

2. Information regarding in-rack sprinkler p lacement for storage cubes not measuring 4 ft to 5 ft on a side was added. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: At the Marcli 231C meet ing a committee consisting

of Joe Hankins, J im Gallup, Herb Davidson and Todd Schumann was formed. Their charge was to review die various figures as published in dais Report on Proposals.

(Log #47) 231(3- 65- (8-4 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Paul Roberto, Wausau Insurance Companies RECOMMENDATION: Add new text as follows:

8-4 In-Rack Sprinkler Horizontal Barriers. Horizontal barriers used in conjunct ion with in-rack sprinklers to impede vertical fire deve lopment shall be constructed of sheet metal (minimum 18 gauge), wood (min imum 1-in. thickness), or similar material and shall extend the fifll length and width of tile rack. Barriers shall be fitted within 2 in. (50.8 ram) horizontally a round rack uprights. [See Hgures 8-3.2.1(a) mad 8-3.2.3(c).] SUBSTANTIATION: Paragraph 7-11 provides information for construction and installation of barriers when these barriers are used in conjunct ion widl in-rack sprinklers for Chapter 7 applications. Chapter 8 provides no such details.

Also, the existing text in 7-11 states that the barriers are intended to impede vertical fire deve lopment yet provides no trfinimum guidelines for the materials to serve this purpose. The only gukLance provided in the appendix is that tbe material must be of sufficient s trength to avoid sagging diat interferes with loading and unloading. Tbe numhers above are based on NFPA 30 requirements for materials used in construction of f lammable liquid storage cabinets. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Do no t add d ie submitter 's p roposed new section. Instead, add new Sections 8-3.5 and A-8-3.5 to read as follows:

8-3.5* Horizontal Barriers and In-rack Sprinklers. Horizontal Barriers used in conjunct ion with in-rack sprinklers to impede vertical fire deve lopment shall be constructed of sheet metal, wood, or similar material and shall extend die full length and width of the rack. Barriers sball be fitted within 2 in. (50.8 mm) horizontally a round rack uprights. [See Figures 8-3.2.1(a) and 8-3.2.3(c).]

A-8.3.5 Barriers should be of sufficient s trength to avoid sagging that interferes wifla loading and unloading operations." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Commit tee agrees fllat information is needed regarding barriers used wifltin racks dlat are used to store plastics. The funct ion of die barriers is to impede heat flow unt i l die in-rack sprinkler operates. The Teclmic~al Commit tee believes diat d]eir revised wording and the associated appendix material offers sufficient information regarding construction of die barrier. More rigid requirements are not considered necessary. The section number was changed as chapter 8 only offers protection options using barriers where plastic storage exceeds 25 ft in height. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: GOTTO: As stated in comments on Log #46, I agree with d ie

submitter that additional details as to die specifics of d ie barriers should be included in tile standard, more specifically the appendix, wifll die intent of allowing file s tandard to be of more assistance to the user in this matter.

(Log #34) 231C- 66 - (Table 9-1.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise Table 9-1.1 ,as follows:

Commodity Maximum Maximum Storage Height Building Height

Class I of II 25ft 30ft Class I or II 30 ft 35 ft

Class I, II or 111 20ft 30ft Class 1, II or III 25 ft 35 ft

Class 1V 20 ft 30 ft Class IV 25 ft 35 ft

Unexpanded Plastics 20 ft $0 ft Unexpanded Plastics 25 ft 35 ft

Class IV 20 ft 25 ft Unexpanded Plastics 20 ft 25 ff

Class IV 25 ft 30 ft .... Unexpanded Plastics 25 ft 30 ft

SUBSTANTIATION: Oarifies how to deal with multiple bazards which are currendy in the same row. For instance, d ie re are people who interpret die 1995 edit ion as saying that Class IV commodit ies are unlimited in height while only unexpanded plastics are limited to 20 ft.

Also clarifies the clearance issue. Currently, if someone stores up to 20 ft in a 30 ft building, Oley are okay. But if they remove 5 ft of storage, they are protecting 15 ft with 15 ft clearance whicb violates the st,~a]dard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I ccept the submitter 's proposal with the following revisions. 1. Revise tile title of die tlfird column to read "Maximum

Roof/Cei l ing Height" instead of "Maximum Building Height." 2. In the first cohmm, add the words "cartoned or uucartoned" in

front o f the term "Unexpanded Plastics" in four places. The revised first column of the Table as split into three new

columns shonld read as follows:

748

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 ROP

Maximum Maximum Roof/Ceiling

Commodity, Stora~, e Height Height Class I or II 25 ft 30 ft Class I or II 30 ft 35 ft

Class I, 11 or III 20 ft 30 ft Class I, II or 111 25ft 35ft

Class IV 20 ft 30 ft Class IV 25 ft 35 ft

Unexpanded Cartoned 20 ft 30 ft or Uncar toned Plastics Unexpanded Cartoned 25 ft 35 ft or Uncar toned Plastics

Class IV 20 ft 25 ft Unexpanded Car toned 20 ft 25 ft or Uncar toned Plastics

Class IV 25 ft 30 ft Unexpanded Cartoned 25 ft 30 ft or Uncar toned Plastics

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 1. This is an editorial change for consistency with the document .

2. Test data indicates that large drop sprinklers are effective for both car toned and uncar toned unexpanded plastics. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: SCHUMANN: Agree with the expansion of the table to clarify

commodities, storage heights ,and clearances. That test data has been submit ted to include uncar toned plastics?

(Log #35) 231C- 67 - (Table 9-1.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Change "N/A: Not Applicable" to NA: Not Allowed" SUBSTANTIATION: More specific to the intent of the table. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #37) 231C- 68 - (Table 9-1.1 and 9-1.4): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: 1. Delete Note 2 and all references in the Table. Replace the references to Note 2 with the actual number of sprinklers which would be required if tiffs pressure were selected.

2. Delete Note 1 and add a second sentence to 9-1.4 to read: "Only conventional wood pallets sltall be used."

SUBSTANTIATION: 1. The purpose of the Table is to tell people how many sprinklers to calculate. It would be much easier if people could get that information directly from the table without flaying to go to a confusing note and guess what it means.

2. According to tile NFPA Manual of Style, requirements should not be in notes. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.

1. Accept part one of the submitter 's proposal. I 2. Delete Note 1 as indicated. Do not add second sentence to 9-

1.4 as suggested. In existing 9-1.4 remove die words "or slave pallets." . . , COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Recent data indicates tlmt large ctrop sprinklers are effective for commodit ies s tored on plastic pallets. While there have been no tests on slave pallets, the committee is of file opinion that commodit ies s tored on plastic pallets present a greater fire protect ion ch,'dlenge than do commodit ies s tored on slave pallets. Therefore , the Technical Commit tee is of the opinion that large drop sprinklers will also be effective for commodit ies s tored on slave pallets. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: GOTTO: As noted in the commit tee statement, no testing has

been completed on slave pallets. I do not believe dlat applying guidelines from test results onp las t i c pallets has any effect on what type of protection is adequate tor an a r rangement containing slave pallets, due to the greater possibility of potentially blocked transverse flue spaces within the configuration.

(Log #36) 231C- 69 - (9-1.1 and 9-1.9 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise 9-1.1 to read:

"Large d rop sprinklers shall be suit.able for use with file hazards specified in Table 9-1.1 for the following rack configurations:

(a) Single row racks wida min imum 5.5 ft aisle widda every other aisle;

(b) Double row racks with min imum 5.5 ft aisle widdl; (c) Multiple row racks with minimum 8 ft aisle width." 2. Add a new Section 9-1.9 to read:

"For large drop sprinklers installed under open wood joist construction, file min imum operat ing pressure shall be 50 psi." SUBSTANTIATION: 1. This information is basic to the use of all large drop sprinklers and should apply equally to all hazard classifications. Its posi t ion in file 1995 edit ion could have been in terpre ted to apply to Class 1 and II commodit ies up to 25 ft with 5 ft clearance or it could have been in terpreted that dais configuration was not allowed to be used since there is no protect ion information in tile table beside it. The single row rack information was added because they represent a lesser hazard then double row racks and were excluded from consideration in the 1995 edition.

2. This is impor tant information which is missing from NFPA 13 and critical to large drop sprinkler performance. Tiffs proposal is in line with tile revision to the FM Data Sheet 2-7 (1994 edition) which is based on the FM test. Information on the FM requirement and the justification can be found in Data Sheet 2-7 Sections 2.1.1. (5) Note 1 and 3.2.2.5. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I 1. Do not revise 9-1.1 as suggested by the submitter. Instead revise 9-1.1 to read as follows:

9-1.1 Large drop sprinklers shall be permit ted for the protection of the rack storage of materials when installed in accordance with the design criteria of Table 9-1.1.

2. Rewse the title of Table 9-1.1 to read as follows: Table 9-1.1 Large-Drop Sprinkler Design Criteria for Single,

Double and Multiple Row Racks. 3. In Table 9-1.1 remove file second column heading in the first

column which reads "Double-Row Storage with Minimum 5.5 ft (1.7 m) Aisle Width and Multiple-Row Rack Storage with Minimum 8.0 ft (2.5 m) Aisle Width (Note 1)"

4. Revise 9-1.2 vfith the language proposed by the submitter for a new Section 9-1.9. Replace existing Exception to 9-1.2 with the following:

Exception: Where each joist channel of open, wood joist constnlct ion is fully fire s topped to its full dep th at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6.1 m), the lower pressures specified in Table 9-1.1 shall be permit ted to be used." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 1, 2 and 3. These changes more clearly identify the rack storage arrangements that can b e protected using large drop sprinklers, and provide the type information the submitter is requesting.

4. This change is consistent with more recent test data and more clearly indicates dae operat ing pressure requirements where large drop sprinklers are installed unde r wood joist construction. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #38) 231C- 70 - (9-1.6): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. Isman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Add an additional sentence and exception to 9-1.6 as follows:

"For the purposes of dais section and use of Table 9-1.1, preaction systems shall mee t d ie requirements of wet pipe systems.

Exception: Double interlock preact ion systems shall meet file requirements o f dry-pipe systems."

749

N F P A 2 3 I C - - A 9 8 R O P

S ~ A N T I A T I O I q : Guidance is needed on how to handle preaction systems of all types.

. C O M M r r r [ £ ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part. [ Add a new Section 9-1.7 to read as foHo~ and renumber existing [ 9-1.7 and 9-1.8 accordingly. I 9-1.7 For the purpose o f Chapter 9 and the use of Table 9-1.1, I preaction systems d~di be treated as dry ~ p e systems. I Exception: Where it can be demonst ra t~ that the detection I system activating the preaction system will cause water to be at the | sprinklers when they operate, preaction systems shah be permitted [ to be treated as wet " . y ~ n ~

COMMrI ' rF~ S ' ~ ~ - Data has show~ that the time delays associated with water trm~fing from the sprinkler valve to the open sprinklers in preaction ~/~tems will have a mtmantial negative impact on d~e sprinkler systems ability to control the fire. An exception has been provided for those situations where it can be demonstrated that the water wansit delays will not have a negative

~ F . R OF COMMrrrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNEI~. 2 Drygas, O'Rourke

(Log #c~0) 231C- 71 - (9-1.8, 9-1.9 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Rack Storage

I RECOMMENDATION: 1. Add a new Section 9-1.8 9-1.8 Where in-rack sprinklers are required b /Table 9-1.1, in-rack

sprinkler spacing, desigw pressure and h~draulic calculation rcriterla shall be in accordance with the requirements of Clmpters 6 or 8 as applicable for the commodity. ~

2. Renumber existing section 9-1.8 as 9-1.9. SUBSTANTIATION: ~information regarding the desiga of in-rack sprinklers used in conjunction with large drop sprinHers was previously not included in the standard. ~OMMI'IYfF~ ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMrI ' rF~ MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #sg',

Kenneth E. lsman, Nat' lFire Sprinkler Assn. I RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Section 9-'2 as fo l lo~: I 9-2 Other RequirementL Where large drop q~t..niders are [ installed, see Section 4-5 for special storage height limitations.

SUBSTANTIATION: The cross reference is user friendly. COgMITrgg ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEg MEMBERS ELIGIBLg TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON O ~ l I T r g E ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Drygss, O'Rourke

(Log #4o~ ~ l): Accept in Principle

Kenneth E. lsman, Nat'i Fire Sprinkler Aun. RECOMMENDATION: Move notes 1 and 2 to Table 10-1 to new Sectiom 10-1.1 and 10-1.2 respectively. S ~ I A T I O N : In llne with the NFPA Manual of State which does not allow requirements in notes. COMMrI'rEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. See Committee Action and Statement on Proposal 251C-74 (Log #19). COMMI'FrF~ STATI~iENT: 1. Changes are editorial ,and make tile table consistent with the mandard.

2. Note No. 2 is no longer necessary as this information is currendy contained in the table. NUMBER OF COMMITEgE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMIWrKg ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 26 NOT RETURNED: 2 Dryga& O'RouAe

(Log#19: S 2 $ ~ a b l e 10-1): Accept in Principle

James Gofinveaux, Metal Building Manufacturers RECOMMENDATION: Revise table as follows:

Ty]m of S to ra~ Single-, double-, and multiple-row rack storage (No open- top containers or solid shelves)

Commodity Cartoned unexpande~ plastic; cartoned expanded plUti~, uncartoned unexpanded plastic; and Class 1, 11,111, o f l Y co rmmOdities r en ulated 'Cartofled unexpandedplastic; and Class 1, 11, 111, or 1Vcommodities, encapsulated or unencapsulated G ~ , u d or unca~toned. Un~,/RJ~d ~b/~t/e: wnd ~ 1. I I . 111. or [ V eommoditi~. encapsulated or u ~ n e a ~ - u l a t e d

Maximum Height of Height of Building (See $ ~ . er $~mr~e Note l.) Nominal P r e m u ~ l~i Commodity 25 17.6) ft(m~ " " K factor Limitations

50 (9:1) lS.5-14.5 50~(3.4 ~)

(10.?) 4o (12.2) 13.5.]4.5 75 (5.2) (See Note 2.)

NOTE 1: Maximum building height shall be measured to the underside of tile roof deck or ceiling. NOTE 2: Only ESFR sprinklers specifically listed for 45-ft L~LnL) high buildings shaft be m ~ ! in buildings higher than 30it (9.1m) up to 45-ft

NOTE $: Install one level of large orifice, auick resrmme, ordinary temperature in r~ck snrinUersat the tier level closest to but not exceedln~ 1/2 of the max storage hekrhc C~lculate'the hydraulically m ~ t demandino 8 in rack mrtnlder at a minimum onera~aff nrex~uce of 50 psi baianced into file overhead de.~and. - -

750


SUBSTANTIATION: For 35 ft. of storage, many buildings exceed to 40 ft ceiling limitation of ESFR sprinklers.

I have provided a copy of Factory Mutual testing that shows 45 ft ceilings are acceptable.

NOTE: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Accept the submitter's proposed changes to Table 10-1 with the following modifications:

1. Revise the heading of the last column to read "in-rack Sprinkler Requirements ~ instead of "Commodity Limitation" and delete the references to notes 2 and 3 in the column. In relation to corresponding storage heights in the table, the entries in the column are to read NO, NO, NO, NO, YES, respectively so that in- rack sprinklers are only required for a maximum storage height of 40ft.

2. Move existing Note 1 to a new Section 10-1.1. Also, in Table 9- 1, in the column entitled ~Maximum Height of Building change the title to read "Maximum Roof/Ceiling Height of Building ~ and delete the reference to Note 1.

3. Delete Note 2 to tile table without moving the provisions of the note to a new code section.

4. Do not add proposed new Exception No. 3 as indicated. Instead, add a new Section 10-2.2.6 to read as follows:

10-2.2.6 Install one level of 17/32 in. orifice, quick response, ordinary temperature in-rack sprinklers at the tier level closest to but not exceeding 1/2 of the maximum storage height. In-rack sprinklers shall be located at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse flue space. Horizontal spacing not to exceed 5 ft intervals.

5. Under the commodity description corresponding to the 25 ft storage height, add "idle wood and plastic pallets ".

6. Under the commodity description corresponding to the 35 ft and 20 ft storage heights, add ~idle wood andplastic pallets ~.

The revised Table should read as follows: COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 1. -Tiffs more clearly addresses the intent of the submitter and more clearly indicates that in-rack sprinklers in conjunction with ESFR sprinklers are only required for maximum storage heights of 40 ft.

2. Changes are editorial and make the table consistent witi! the standard. Also see Proposal 231C-73 (Log #40).

3. Note 2 is no longer necessary as this information is currently contained in the table.

4. These changes are editorial and consistent with NFPA's manual of style which requires code requiremen~ not to be contained in the notes. Additionally, the committee believed it necessary to add more information regarding the placement of the in-rack sprinklers.

5 and 6. Data indicates that F_.SFR sprinklers are effective for the )rotection of certain indoor storage arrangements of idle wood and )lastic pallets.

NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: GOTTO: 1. What effect will a 90 psi ESFR design have on

avoiding the potential problems with ldgh discharge pressures (greater than 150 psi)? Is there test data out there that shows if this is a problem or not?

2. Only one rack test was completed and included with the results sent to the committee where storage heights were in excess of 35 ft. 1 am reluctant to agree on adding protection criteria into the standard based on only one actual test. In addition, test results for all six tests were not made available to all members.

3. In the rack storage test (Test #6), the first ceiling sprinkler and only in-rack sprinkler operated at nearly the same time. Without seeing the test personally, I question wifich sprinkler actually controlled the fire, especially since another 2 ceiling sprinklers were allowed to operate. Was the presence of the in-racks even favorable at all?

4. With a peak temperature of 832°F, why didn't more ceiling sprinklers operate? This temperature seems excessive, even as compared with data on original ESFR testing.

5. It was discussed during the meeting that FM is saying that this is the upper limit for ESFR protection. This may be acceptable, but there is no "safety factor" here.

SCHUMANN: No test data presented to include idle wood or plastic pallets.

No test data presented to include exposed (uncartoned) plastics. Test data for 35 ft high storage in a 45ft high building is

incomplete. No chronology given for Test #4 (9-18-96). Test #5 chronology indicates flame persisting at 2 min 40 sec. No further comment on presence or absence of fire and test was terminated at 15 min. No conclusions can be made. No clwonology for Test #6. COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:

CAREY: Limited data was submitted to substantiate these changes. The committee was assured that complete test reports would be provided prior to the next committee meeting.

(Log #55) 231C- 75 - (10-2.5 Exception No. 3 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: John K. Gillette, Ill, Denton Fire Dept., TX RECOMMENDATION: Add an Exception No. 3 to read as follows:

~When the ambient ceiling temperature is continuously or intermittently greater than 100°F, intermediate temperature heads will be installed. ~

Type of Storage St-" gn le-, double-, and multiple-row rack storage (No open- top containers or solid shelves)

Commodity Cartoned unexpanded plastic; cartoned expanded plastic; uncartoned u nexpandedplastic; and Class 1, 11,111, of 1V commodities, encapsulated; idle wood and plastic pallets

Maximum Ceillng/Roof S~r~kler Height of Height of uemgn In-Rack Storage Building Nominal Pressure psi Sprinkler

ft(m) ft(m) K factor (bars t Requirements 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 13.5-14.5 50 (3.4) No

Cartoned or uncartone~£ 35 (10.7) 40 (12.2) 13.5-14.5 75 (5.2) No unexpanded plastic; and Class 1, 11, 111, or IV commodities, encapsulated or unencapsulated; idle wood and plastic pallets 20 (6.1) 25 (7.6) 11.0-11.5

C~rtoned or uncartone& 35(10.7 45 ( ~ 1 unexbanded blastlc: and Class 1, 11. ] I I . or [Vcmnmodities. encabsulated or unenc~sulated ~ ~

NOTE 1: Maximum building height shall be measured to the underside of the roof deck or ceiling.

50 (3.4) No

9 0 ¢ ~ 1

Yes

751

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

SUBSTANTIATION: Non-aircondi t ioned warehouses can have ambient temperatures greater dmn 100°F. In addition, Factory Mutual Standard 2-2, Gttideline for E.S.F.1L Sprinklers, allows intermediate tempera ture sprinkler heads when ceiling temperatures are greater tllan 100°F.

Audlority Having Jurisdiction do not normally adopt Factory Mutual Standards; however, NFPA. Standards are adopted and enforced.

The NFPA 231C standard addresses tempera ture ratings for E.S.F.tL; dlerefore, tempera ture ratings widfin NFPA 13 do not apply. This addition will allow die use of intermediate rated E.S.F.1L sprinkler heads widfin structures. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I Delete existing 10-2.5 including die two Exceptions. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Section 10-2.5 was deleted as information contained in NFPA 13 pertaining to the temperature ratings of ESFR sprinklers is to be used, and 10-2.4 appropriately references NFPA 13. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #41) 231C- 76 - (10-4 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Kenneth E. lsman, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Add new Section 10-4 as follows:

10-4 Other Requirements. 10-4.1 Where ESFR sprinklers ,are installed, see Section 10-3.1

regarding special rules for longitudinal flue spaces in double row racks.

10-4.2 Where ESFR sprinklers are installed, see Section 4-5 regarding special storage height limitations. SUBSTANTIATION: A cross reference to the special requirements for ESFR sprinklers is user friendly. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

[ In proposed section 10-4.1 editorially ch,'mge section 10-3.1 to 4-3.1. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


(Log #CP20) 231C- 77- (A-7-10.1): Accept SUBMITI'ER~ Technical Commit tee on Rack Storage RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Section A-7-10.1 to read as follows:

A-7-10.1. Where storage tiers are no t the same size on each side of die longitudinal flue, daen protect one side of tile flue with die sprinkler at tile p roper elevation above die load and die next level of sprinklers protect ing tile odler side of die flue widl that sprinkler at die p roper elevation above dlat load as indicated in Figure A-7-10.1. Tile vertical spacing requirements for in-rack sprinklers specified in tahles 7-10.1, 7-13 and Chapte r 8 for plastics should be followed.

Add a new Figure A-7-10.1 as follows.

Elevation

Figure A-7-10.1 Placement of in-rack sprinkler where rack levels have varying heights.

SUBSTANTIATION: This new section provides needed information regarding dlose rack storage arrangements where storage levels of die racks are not the same across the longitudinal flue space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 28 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


752

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

The following draf t o f NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials, 1998, incorpora tes the Commi t t ee Actions on the Public and Commi t t ee Proposals which make up the Repor t on Proposals and which appear on the preceding pages. T he draf t is p resen ted only as an m d t o the reviewer. "

N F P A 2 3 1 C

Standard for Rack Storage o f Materials

1998 Edition

N()TICE: An asterisk (*) following d~e n u m b e r or letter des ignat ing a pa ragraph or section in dae text indicates explanatory material on that paragraph or section in Append ix A.

A dagger (J-) following tlae n u m b e r or letter des ignat ing a paragraph or section in dae text indicates explanatory test data and p rocedures with regard to that paragraph or section in Append ix B.

Informat ion on referenced publicat ions can be t o u n d in Chapter 13 a n d Append ix C.

Aisle width

Plan view

Aisle width

End view

Figure l-3(a) Il lustration o f aisle width.

Approved .* Acceptable to tbe autbor i ty having jur isdict ion.

Author i ty Having Jur i sd ic t ion .* T h e organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equ ipment , an installation, or a procedure .

Bulkhead. A vertical barrie~ii~ross tlle rack. ,..:.:::.:-:-::::i::':':;:.. Cartoned. A m e t h o d of..8~rage'*~bnsisdng of corrugated

card oard or paperbo,'u-~i~6"~[-.~.iDers fully enclos ing the commodity. (ROP 231 C-3) ::!iii::ii~ .... i~i!?:i!i~:.-..

Ceiling Height...:..:+.:~e di~cance"g~e.e4l the floor and the unders ide of file 6~+i:l~i~...d ceiling ( d ~ ' o f deck) within tile storage area. ":::--":.~::. :g":"

Chapte r 1 In t roduc t ion C o m m . o . ~ ! i i ~ i i l ~ i i : : ~ t i o n s of products , packing material, I-It Applicat ion and Scope. Tills s t andard shall apply to s torage and co~..~iqer':'~..:?n w l i ' ~ i m o d i t y classification is based. of materials r epresen t ing the broad range of commodi t ies s tored in C ~ i o n a l l~'~|~.ts. A mater ia l -handl ing aid des igned to racks. (ROP 231C-13)

suppor t "R-';(q.~jt load ~ ' - : ~ p e n i n g s to provide access for material- Exception: Miscellaneous storage shall be permitted to be protected in ~a~dlimz ~ , e s [ Se~":"~io'ure 1 3(b ) l accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler ~ i i ' ~ . o .... ~--~i'~. "..::.~" ° - " "~ syst~,,s• S %i: "%fi:::" I dA Storage on plastic shelves is outside the scope of this standarc~/~':"ii~!iiiiii?:::....:~i~iiii~ili~iii~i~::: "::.."...;~ " 6:-:::"

1-1.2" Storage of ltigh hazard materials such as tires, roll t a t e r ..-..-,':s::,- "~i~i~.."-:.~i~i:'. ":::~i~i~i~: ~ ~ A " s tored on end, a n d f l ammable liquids is outside d ,e s c o p d o ~ . ~ i i ~ ' . . "::"~A~.: . . . . "" ~ ~ "

• . - . .:~-.- ":$.:.$.:::'. -'..:?.~-?.~::...::::. s tandard. Storage of such commodi t ies sh,'fll be protec ted L~..-:-:+- -,...-:.::~: -~:-::':.::--- accordance with the provisions of NFPA 30, Flammable a..~..i~iil!i!~" ..~!Y .:i~i'~ s" c . . . . . ~=,, Combustible Liquids Code, NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage" anit?:~'.&.,...2" ":" Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film; NFP~.~, S t a n ~ . for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum :C...~'~"Nt~A 81,%~--.,,...:,. ~ - - - ~ x . c , , , . ~ Standard for Fur Storage, Fumigation and Cleaning~:-i~qFPAsi:.~.31, . "::'~-':" Standard for General Storage" NFPA 231 D, S t a n ~ . r S ~ e 6~'~:. ..::U . . . . Rubber Tires;, NFPA 231F, Standard for the Storage ~ . ~ i : ' ~ ; 31-~.~'A . . . . . . . . 232, Standard for the Protection of Records, a..n.~:,.NFPA'~..,.. Code f~"?'~he Storage of Ammonium Nitrate as applicabL~:.:~:~-::: - "::i -i'-'::., :~:3:" Fi re 1 3 b T ical allets _ ~ . . . . . ,..,.:...: .:..,.,:....:, .:: . ( ) • +:.:, . .................... ~gu yp p

. ....:~. . .:::::::: ~:::::::::-:::::¢

1-1.3 Bm storage ,'rod sbel f s torage :~.~.: outstd~?d~e scope'~ff.~dtis ~ . ~ . ¢ . . . . . . . t r ~ , ~ . . . . . . . e_--_~.,___ , ~ q ~ ~,rtm~ . { : f f : . : : : - : : : . . ...:~" . . . . .% ..::1.- i t ~ l l ~ ou r i p , l o l l l ' ¢ l h~ t l [%g~ U lu t~g O I I IU~ I I~ /~ [ IB . . ~ . I ~ ] [ ~ ] . v ~ • ~ . • z x

s t a ~ , l a , A . . . . . . . .~.,- . . . . -:..:.,-.-., ,... ,... I . ' P e V • "<:::::::::::, ..-:?:'" "-:':.::.::~::'¢:.:,..:.'::: 13, S dard for the Installation of Spnnkler S~stems.

1-1.4 Notif ing in this standard:...~i!'..~..t.en~!~o r e s ~ i ~ e w Enca su la ted Enca st, " - - " p p lauon ts a m e t h o d of acka n technologies or al ternate a r r ~ t s p ~ e d the level of safety ~ . , . . p , g t g

. . . . . . ~ . . . . . . .~_a.~£: . . . . -::-~'-'~-~ %'-'---::- .::: consist in~ or a nJastiC snee t complete ly enclosin~r tile sides and ton D r e s c r l o e o b y t i l e ~ k t l l U ~ t l t l ~ ' l ~ L J U L l C r , ~ t t i b g U ",.~:......'.." o [ t o r

" " .,-.'.'!i."-"i!!iiii~! . . . . . # : " [~iii :i::" o f a pallet load con ta in ing a combust ib le commodi ty or a 1-2 Retroactivlty Claus6"~' ~ ' i : p ~ 7 . ~ s i o n s oft~his d o c n m e n t shall be combust ib le package or a g roup of combust ib le commodi t ies or considered necessar. • y to pr o v ~ : ~ ¢i::-...:, "reas°nab e level of p rotect ion combustible, pa~ackages.. Combnstible. commodi t i es individually frofn loss of life and proper ty ff'ei~i~re.:,They reflect s i tuations and wrapped m plastac sheetang a n d s tored exposed in a pallet load also die state of the ,art at the t ime the-~ard. . . , , . , was issued, are to be cons idered encapsulated.

Unless otiaerwise noted, it is not~.:-]]~tended tha t die provisions of Otis d o c u m e n t be appl ied to facilities, equ ipmen t , s tructures, or installations that were existing or approved for cons t ruc t ion or installation prior to the effective date of this documen t .

Exception: In those cases where it is determined by the authority having jurisdictwn that the existing situation involves a distinct hazard to life or property, this standard shall apply•

1-3 Defini t ions . Unless specifically stated elsewhere, for the purpose of this s tandard , the terms in this section shall be def ined ,~s follows.

Aisle Width. The horizontal d imens ion between the face of the loads in racks u n d e r considerat ion. [See Figure 1-3(a).]

Totally noncombus t i b l e commodi t i e s on wood pallets enclosed only by a plastic shee t as descr ibed are no t covered u n d e r this definition• Banding (i.e., s t re tch-wrapping a r o u n d d ie sides only of a pallet load) is no t considered to be encapsulat ion• Where there are boles or voids in the plastic or waterproof cover on the top of tile carton dlat exceed more d m n half of the area of die cover, the te rm "encapsulated" shall no t apply. The t e rm encapsula ted does no t apply to plastic-enclosed p roduc t s or packages inside a large, nonpiast ic, enclosed container .

F a c e Sprinklers. S tandard sprinklers tha t are located in transverse flue spaces a long tile aisle or in file rack, are wiflain 18 in. (0.46 m) of file aisle face of storage, a n d are used to oppose vertical deve lopment o f fire on the external face of storage.

Free-Flowing Plastic Materials. Those plastics that fall out of flmir conta iners du r ing a fire, fill f lue spaces, a n d create a smo the r ing effect on the fire. Some examples are powder, pellets, flakes, or r andom-packed small objects [i.e., razor blade dispensers, 1-oz to 2-oz (29.6-ml to 59.1-ml) bottles, etc.]. (ROP 231C_,-4)

7 5 3

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Horizontal Barrier. A solid barr ier in the horizontal position covering the entire rack, including all flue spaces at certain he ight increments , to prevent vertical fire spread.

Labeled. Equ ipmen t or materials to which has been a t tached a label, symbol, or o tber identifying mark of an organizat ion fl~at is acceptable to tbe authori ty having jur isdic t ion and concerned with p roduc t evaluation, d~at maintains periodic inspect ion of 3reduct ion of labeled equ ipmen t or materials, and by whose abel ing the manufac turer indicates compliance with appropr ia te

s tandards or per formance in a specified manner .

Listed. Equipment , materials, or services included in a list

~ ublisbed by an organizat ion d~at is acceptable to the amhori ty aping jur isdic t ion and concerned witl~ evaluation of products or

services, tha t maintains periodic inspect ion of product ion of listed equ ipmen t or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states tb,tt e i ther the equipment , material, or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

tban 3.5 ft (1.1 m) wide having an overall width greater damn 12 ft (3.7 m).

Portable Racks. Portable racks are racks daat are not fixed in place. They can be a r ranged in any n u m b e r of configurations.

Single-Row Racks. Single-row racks are racks that have no longitudinal flue space and that have a width up to 6 ft (1.8 m) with aisles at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m) f rom other storage.

Roof Height. The distance between the floor and the unders ide of the roof deck widfin time storage area.

Shall. Indicates a mandatory requi rement .

Shelf Storage. Storage on structures less than 30 in. (7.62 cm) deep, with she'lves usually 2 ft (0.6 m) apar t vertically and separated by approximately 30-in. (76.2-cm) aisles.

Should. Indicates a r ecommenda t ion or that which is advised but no t required.

Slave Pallet. A special pallet captive to a mater tal-bandling Longitudinal Flue Space. The space between rows of storage system. [See Figure l-3(b).] .-::-i::..

peqmndicn la r to the direct ion of loading. [ See Figure 1-3(c). ] Solid Shelving. Solid sbe:~::~i'~..::solid, slatted, and o ther types of shelving located widtin . . ~ . d la t 'obs t ruc t sprinkler water

• enet ra t ion down darou ~ tli~i:~.a.cks [ l r - q F - q [ l r - - ] 3flr- c°° ent'°°alfl--I]ll -- P " ............. III I I I I l l l l l l l l .pa, et ~ Ill Illlll Trausverse Flue .S~c~'~ii::. T h e ' : ~ . e between rows of storage

/ ' - - - - [ i ~ ~ [ [ f f "~1~ ~=l I] I] I I I - ~ paralleltothedir~.~of:]oadinlg]'::i~ii:~ig~rel-3(c).]

] l ~ ~ l ~ l f l l Z .'i"':iiiiii{iiii!i~ii{~i~ii':i~i!~ii~:. "" i ~:: : ' i n o f S t o r e ir] r q l l r ] ~ l l r tgommo~y Bl~ifi~l ~- .::¢:.. .......... ~i::::e.,-0..--,-,-:t~...-.--~. • ag ] l ~ I I ~ ~ ] ] ~ I I ~ ~ I I ~ ] ] ~ ~ ' ' / " ~ U ~ U l 2 " l * ' ~ m ° d i t ~ ! i ! ~ l a s s i f i e a t i ° n s "

~:~'ii::"~-l:~..'.l Comff ' /~.~: 'classification .and the corresponding protect ion -II ~ m " x I:lt:=::llll:l ~-~ ~iii~ reqt~.i'i'emen..ts s l ~ be de t e rmined based on die make up of

/ 7 K N /~ ~ :-.:i-':!::~.::!n~_~.~:.:s~r~e units (i.e., un i t load, pallet load)• / J Section view \ I / End view ......... " :~ .~ . . . . ::::::::'::::::::::::::::: / / ~ 1 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i~i'~if:f:iii::~i~!::- "::-".:i-.~.ommodi~, classification is governed by d~e type and amounts of

Possible transverse flue spaces ~.u.~0~t^uu~ ~t' ., ~i~:::" . . . . "%i::~: n ~ t i a i s (e.g., metal, paper, wood plastics) involved in a product \ \ ] ] . . . . . V ' ~ ..;:-:~'~!:'-"i :::~ ii:i:i: ~ and::}'~::'primary packaging. However in a storage or warehousing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1~ ....... ":-:i::~"~':: ~'.-::.~::. ;#" s i t ' o n , it is also affected by such factors as tbe material of d~e - I I I I - I I I I - I ....... Longltud~g~..," ..... "- ":-'~-i;;':..:..::..::::: . . . . . . main storage or shipping container , the a m o u n t of air space, and

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / fl . . . . ~-2:;~:':'.":;~<~::.. ":.s:':~:~::.. the Iocauon of fl~e more hazardous materials w~tlun d~e contamer. _ _ . . u , : , ~ -..:. -:-:.:-::::,. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .::~.... ° " ":~:-.-.:!i:." For example, a Group A plasuc product enclosed in a 5- or 6-stded I I I I I I I I I ~ R q ~ i ~ I s to ' :~e .:ii! . . . . . . :~-"-:::" metal conta iner could be cons idered Class II; wltile a ceramic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i::, "%!ii::~::...::~iii:!~::~::. '!i?:iiiii.. °" product heavily wrapped in tissue paper and placed in a corrugated

"::i!!i~i~i~i::. J.:i!::" car ton could be Class III.

P,anv ew %!iiiiiW

Figure 1-3(c) Typical d o u b l e - r o w , i ~ t o - b : ~ c l t : ~ . z . ~ . ~ : n g e m e n t .

Miscel laneous Storage. S t ~ : . f l l a ' ~ n o t ' ~ e d 12 ft (3.7 m) in he ight and is inciden .~.l~::i~5"~.ther ~:Rpa.B..cy-use group as def ined in NFPA 13, Stand.~'d for tli~'::::1, nstalld'~'~ii:~f Sprinkler Systems. Such storage shall no t c .~".'~.'.te r g ~ e than l:~ii:"~ercent of die bui lding area or 4000 ft 2 (37~.-~¥;i5f die sprifiklered area, wlfichever is greater. Such storage shall r/~/~:.'.:-.'.~...ceed 1000 fC (93 m 2 ) in one pile or area, and each such pile or a~'~i~[1.~lt be separated from odler storage areas by at least 25 ft (7.6 ~ i i i':"

Rack. Any combina t ion of ver~cal, horizontal , mad diagonal member s daat supports s tored materials. Some rack structures use solid shelves. Racks shall be permit ted to be fixed, portable, or movable { see Figures A-4-1(a) through (k)]. Loading shall be

Fl ermit ted to be eidler manual - - nsing lift trucks, stacker cranes, or and p lacement - - or automatic - - using machine control led

storage mad retrieval systems. Double-Row Racks. Double-row racks are two single-row racks

placed back-to-back having a combined widdl up to 12 ft (3.7 m) wida aisles at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m) on each side.

Movable Racks. Movable racks are racks on fixed rails or guides. They can be moved back and forth only in a horizontal , two- dimensional pl,'me. A moving aisle is created as abut t ing racks ,are e i ther loaded or unloaded, then moved across the ,aisle to abut o ther racks. (ROP 2 3 1 C - 5 )

Multiple-Row Racks. Multiple-row racks are racks greater d lan 12 ft (3.7 m) wide or single- or double-row racks separated by aisles less

2-1.1.2 Mixed Commodit ies . Protect ion requi rements shall no t be based on the overall commodi ty mix in a fire area. Mixed commodity storage shall be protec ted by die requi rements for die highest classified commodi ty and storage a r rangement .

Exception No. I: Up to lO pallet loads of a higher hazard commodit"~, within the scope of this standard, shall be permitted to be present in an

2 area not exceeding 40,O00 fi . The higher hazard commodity must be randoml3 dispersed with no adjacent loads in any direction (including diagona'll3). I f the ceiling protection is based on Class I or Class 11 commodities, then the allowable number of pallet loads for Class IV or Group A plastics shall be reduced to five.

Exception No. 2: When the higher hazard material can be confined to a designated area and properly protected for that area.

2-1.2 Pallet Types, When loads are palletized, dae use of wooden or metal pallets is assumed in die classification of commodities. When plastic pallets are used, file classification of die commodi ty un i t sball be increased one class (i.e., Class III will become Class IV, and Class IV will become Group A plastics). No increase is required for Group A plastic commodity.

Exception: When specific test data is available, the results of this data will take precedence in determining classification of commodities.

2-1.3" Commodity Classes.

2-1.3.1" Class I commodity is def ined as noncombus t ib le products that are one of the following:

(a) Placed directly upon wooden pallets

7 5 4

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

(b) In single layer corrugated cartons, wifll or without single diickness ca rdboard dividers, wifll or widlout pallets

(c) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a uni t load witb or widmut pallets

2-1.3.2" ('lass II commodi ty is def ined as noncombus t ib le ~roducts dlat are in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes, multiple- layered corrugated cartons, or equivalent combust ible packaging material wid~ or wi thout pallets.

2-1.3.3" Class III commodi ty is def ined as products faslfioned f rom wood, paper, natural fibers, or Group G plastics wid~ or widiout cartons-, boxes, or crates and wida or widmut pallets. Such products may contain a l imited a m o u n t (5% by weight or volume) of Group A or B plastics.

2-1.3.4" Class IV commodi ty is def ined as products widi or widlout pallets thatare one of the following:

PVF (polyvinyl f luoride) Urea (urea formaldehyde)

(ROP 231C-6)

Chapter 3 Building Construction

3-1 Construct ion. Buildings used for the rack storage of materials d~at are protec ted in accordance wifli dais s tandard shall be of any of die types descr ibed in NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction.

3-2 Fire Protection of Steel•

$-2.1t Wid~ sprinkler systems installed in accordance wida Chapters 6 th rough 10, fire protect ion of roof steel shall not be required.

3-2.2t Where ceiling sprinklers a n d sprinklers in racks axe installed in accordance widl Calapters 5 d~rough 8, fire protect ion of steel bui lding columns shall no t be required.

(a) Const ruc ted partially or totally of Group B plastics

(b) Consist of free-flowing Group A plastic materials

(c) Contain within diemselves or dieir packaging an appreciable a m o u n t (5% to 15% by weight or 5% to 25% by volume) of Group A plasdcs (The remain ing materials may be metal, wood, paper, natural or synd~etic fibers, Group B or Group C pl,astics.)

2-1.4 Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber• Plastics, elastomers, and rubbe r shall be classified as Group A, Group B, or Group C.

Tim following categories are based on unmodi f ied plastic materials. The use of fire- or f lame-retarding modifiers or die physical Ibrm of file material could change die cl~sif icadon.

3-2.3~" Where storage he igh t e x ~ e d s 15 ft (4.6 m) a n d only ceiling sprinklers are installed, fire p ~ o n by one of the following mediods shall be requi red ..f~i:all @:i~s of steel bui ld ing columns located within file racks ~ e r t i c a l rack members tba t suppor t tim building: ~ "~..,.<.,

(a) O n e - h r f i r ~ : ~ o ~ ' a ~ . "::::'iii!{!#i::'....:::,

(b) Sidewall s p r i n g , s a t d~e 1 ~ ( ( 4 . 6 - m ) elevation, po in ted toward one Ei:...4.:.¢..:.:..o.f..the st~.t.::column{" Flow f rom d'mse sprinklers shall be p ~ i ~ : . ~ . . . - ~ { ~ . . e , d f rom die sprinkler system d e m a n d for hydra.,,Ric ~ . u f a i 1 " g f i ~ " - : " ~ 231c-g)

($.ji~i~.~.ovisio t~::.ceiling sprinkler density for a m i n i m u m of 2000 g2 (1"85"~:::~ wi h d~.~.~'lT t empera tu re or h igh tempera ture rated s.~.~klers :~i~.~.o m i ~ a b l e 3-2.3(c) for storage heights above 15 ft

A:i'~/:~. ), up ~ii::~ d &ffEluding 20 ft (6.1 m). (ROP 231C-I)

2-1 4 1" Grou n A. .~iiii~ (~.~.. Pro.visi.at~'of large drop or early suppression fast response • • r ~ - : . : . ( ~ ~ : : ~ ) ~ . . . . . . . . ~..0..~.:~ .~prinkler protect ion in accordance with Chapters 9

ABS (acrylonitr i le-butadiene-styrene copolymer) ~::::~i~:::, ~ 10, I~..[~r~cuvely. Acetal (polyformaldehyde) ..::;i~-:"::'"%!i~: "~'%!::?.. ......... Acrylic (poly~nedwI medmcrylate) ..:-':~Y "~i'i~:. "~i.::'ii'i: -~-'::" . . . . . . . . . . ~-:.::.::&. .:'::.::" ":!:#'Table 3-2.3(c) Ceding Sprinkler Densmes for Protectton of ~uty,~ ruDDer . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . ~ii:: ~ .:..i# :~ Steel Building[ Columns ~t ' tJM [emylene-propymne ruDDer) ..,. - ~ - # FRP (fiberglass re inforced polyester) ..::i~i~i~.~<, "::~:.~:,. Aisle Width Natural rubbe r (if expanded) ,~-":;:: . . . . ~'% "~?i~i~.~:.,...@ Commodi ty Class 4 ft (1.22 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) Nitrile rubber (acrylonitr i le-butadiene rubber)..::# :.::!::.. . '%#- g p m / f t [ ( L / s ) / m l PET ( thermoplast ic polyester) .::~-:.::.~!:.~iiiii~-::, ~ } i '%::" ~'::~!~::" I 0 .37(15.1) 0.33 (13.5) Polybutadiene " "%!ii!~:..{~ ~i'~ '::"~: ~i:. II 0.44 (17.9) 0.37 (15.1) Polycarbonate .... ..-::::::.:.. "%i ~!'::.. ,#::" 111 0.49 (20.0) 0.42 (17.1) Polyester elastomer . ~ i ! ~ . "~i~::...:~.~":" IV and Plastics 0.68 (27.7) 0.57 (23.2) Polyethylene #..".-'Y" ::.:'{ :'.:'.." ":@'!.?.--"-" Polypropylene ,#'#{i{i{ii~!::, ~:~::i~.:~:':.::=::.. ":i.. ::iff" NOTE: For aisle widths of 4 ft to 8 ft (1.22 m to 2.44 m), a Polystyrene "%i!i!~g":":"'"::?~!~ii'~ii:'.:.~ l: direct l inear in terpola t ion between densit ies shall be permit ted to Polyuretl,~ane . . . . . ~.~.:... .... ':*":"'~ii~::, . "~':~:': , be made. I g p m / f C = 4 0 . 7 4 6 ( L / m i n ) / m ~ PVG tpotyvinyt cnomricte ~ : ~ i i g ~ ! ~ i , a s t i : ~ , ..~m ,,asticizer

con ten t greater d~an 20%)..~.~arely f ~ t a d ) ':~..:.-3: 3~ t Vents and Draft Curtains. Sprinkler protect ion criteria is SAN (styrene acryloni~i~ig~i:.:.:..?:%. .::i:"..?-: ::#" based on die assumption flint roof vents and draft curtains are not SBR (styrene-butadiene r u ~ 4 Y " " be ing used. (ROP 231C-11)

2-1.4.2 Group B. "%~-~}!.':.. 4¢:

Cellulosics (celhflose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, eflwI cel lulose)

Ch lo roprene r u b b e r F luoropl~t ics (ECTFE - - edwlene-chlorotr i f luoro-edwlene

copolymer; ETFE I edwlene_tetraf luoroedwlene.copolymer; FEP - - f luor ina ted ethylene-propylene copolymer)

Natural Rubber (no t expanded) Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6 /6 ) Silicone rubbe r

Chapter 4 Storage Arrangement

4-1" Rack Structure. Rack configurat ions shall be of a generally accepted a r rangement .

4-2* Rack Loading. Racks shall no t be loaded beyond dleir design capacity.

4.3 Flue Space.

2-1.4.3 Group C•

Fluoroplastics (PCTFE - - polychlorotr i f luoroedwlene; PTFE - - polytetrmqu oroedwlene )

Melamine (melamine formaldehyde) Phenolic PVG (polyvinyl chloride - - flexible - - PVC's with plasticizer

conten t up to 20%) PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride) PVDF (poIwinyl idene f luoride)

4-3.1t Storage up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m). In double-row and multiple-row racks widlout solid shelves, a longitudinal flue (back-to-back clearance between loads) is no t necessary. Nominal 6-in. (142A-ram) transverse flue space between loads and at rack uprights shall be ma in ta ined in single-, double-, and multiple-row racks. Random variations in file width of die flue or in daeir vertical a l ignment shall be permi t ted (See Figure 4-3.1).

4-3.2 Storage Height Over 25 ft (7.6 m). Nominal 6-in. (142.4-mm) transverse flue space between loads and at rack uprights shall be ma in ta ined in single-, double-, and mnlt iple-row racks. Nominal 6-

7 5 5

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

in. (152.4-mm) longi tudinal f lue shall be provided in double-row racks, R a n d o m variations in the widd~ of fl~e flue or in d~eir vertical a l i gnmen t shall be permit ted . (ROP 231G12)

21 2 i Conventional ...Je,

= i

Chapters 6, 7, and 8. Densities and areas shall be selected so that the f inal area o f operation after the 30 percent increase is not greater than 6ooolt'. Exception No. 2: Where large drop sprinklers are used, preaction systems shall be classified as dry pipe systems. 5-1.2 Detectors for preact ion systems shall be installed in accordance wifll 5-8.$.

5-2 Ceifing Sprinklers.

5-2.1" Where au tomat ic spr inkler systems are installed, they shall be in accordance wifl~ NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

Exception: Where modified by this standard.

] [......1 ~ [ - I - ] r i _ ] [__. ~1 ,-~- ~ - 5-2.2* Only 1/2-in. or 17/32-in. spray sprinklers shall be used in [ ] [ [ ] ] ] ] ] ), w~,, mee t ing the r equ i rements o f Chapters 6, 7, and 8. (See Chapters 9

. [ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ # ~ = = and I0 for large drop and ESFR sprinklers.) / ~ " ~ ~ / Exception No. 1: The use of S/8-in. (15.9-ram) orifice sprinklers shall be

/ /Sect ion view ~ | / End view permitted where listed for such use and where installed at a minimum / I \ I i " design pressure of 10 psi (0. 7 bar~..~:...~.OP 231 C- 18)

P o s s i b l e t r a n s v e r s e flue spaces N o l o n g i t u d i n a l t l u e . . . . . . . :¢'.-~,:$~:&. , • i • l~xcoptwn lye• 2: "1~ use o].~.;{t:m.•'~.O-mm) orifice sprinklers shall be

~ ~t ~ 1 1 ~ s p a c e IS n e c e s s a r y permitted where listed for s ~ I (ROP 231C-18)

-O~ ........ ~ ........ ~(~ ........ ~-] ........ ] ' O t " ~ - . . . - - ~ . . . . t e l . . . . . Exception No• 3: The ~ ( o r i o l e s larger than 5/8-,n. (15• 9-ram) --~-.- . . .-[-4 ........ ~ ....... ~:v[ .-..-~. - . . . . . . . . . . ~ orifice sprinklers shal(~..~." ~ i t t e d ' : ' ~ e listed for such use. (ROP 231C- ....... ~&'::'::'~ .':~ ,:.%-.::~ .~.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ' ~ N o l o n g i t u d i n a l 17 ) ¢~:.-:.~. .. %--~...<,~ .- ~ : : . ~:..'.~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (back-to-back clearance) 5-2.3 In buildings fl~at'~.:..¢ occupied~ ~ p a r t for rack s torage o f flue space commodities~::.0.~.g.ceiliniff~tinkler s ~ t e m design within ]J~ft of die

P l a n v i e w racks s h a l [ ~ ~ [ . . : p r o v i ' d e d for t l ~ rack storage area.

E x c o p t i o ~ ' ~ a r a ~ : ~ h c o m b u s t i b l e construction that is Figure 4-3.1 Typical double-row rack with back-to-back loads, contin~i~:~'e:"::" rom fl3~.~ii!::,to the. roo~/ceiling o,f the storage area•

44* Aisle Widths. 5-9.4" ~ g . n o n s t o ~ i ( ~ p a c e s have lower ceilings than die storage .l~.:Oon o~:"'~i:-b.uUdi~, rile space above dais d rop ceiling shall be

• " d d " • .#~" :'~:": lered ~" : " .~}:omplies with the rules of NFPA 13 Standard 4-4.1 Aisle vaddls ,and entla of racks are e t e r m m e d by material- .x,-: ~ ' ~ _ ~ . . x hand l ing methods . The wi~lda of aisles shall be cons idered in d~e ~ " for ~ ~ns, tallat?~:~fSprinkler Systems, for allowable .unspr inklered desi,~n of the nrotect ion s,~tem t See Chat~ters 5 through 7 ~ . ~ i ~ con..g':..e~...¢g s~ac~ . Where file a rea above a d rop ceiling is

v yo -x r ~ " "'" "~g~.$:~:f i l~:~. :~le sprinkler system shall conform to file rules of 5-2.2 4-4.2 This s t andard contempla tes aisle widd~s ma in t a ined eiflwg.~:.~.~ ""~:~ts ex~":~:on. f ixed rack s t ructures or control in placing of portable racks. ~ i k ~:-"%~- , - -

. . . . . . ~" "$$:$ 5-ff~i~i?t~lEkck S rinklers decrease m aisle vodda shall r eqmre a revaew of the a d e q u a ~ o f die ~:::.'::. :$ .... p • protective system. - -.:~.'-':'~. -iV :~;" _ .. ,::~,:...-.~,.:,: ,:~.-;,: .- . . .

46*+ Stor ~ e Heights T he dis tance f rom dae to ~ o¢"~a'~ra~e ~ t { ~ 5-3.1 In-Rack Spnnk l e r System S~ze. The area protected by a single - " ~ ~ • v .~. . --~ s ~ . . . . roll; . . . . ,-;nlzlor A~f l~ t . . . . I~all ho ~ t toe #hmn IR.-:i:~r~:""i~:[:i::-A~ mX ,~:~:.:!::.;,. system of spnnk le r s in racks (m-rack spnnklers ) shall no t exceed

. . . . . . . ~ o v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~,v..,~-'. ~'~-~ ""~. \~..::.:6¢.. 40,000 ft ~ o f f loor area occupied by d~e racks, inc lud ing aisles, Exception: Where large-drop or ESFR sprinkler pro...t...~fion :~.::used,.:;:.the "~-'?" regardless of the n u m b e r of in termedia te sprinkler levels. distance firom the top o~f storage to the ceiling sp ri~t~i:?-¢l¢~.,.::: . r~::.shd[k-~-e~-:.:-. ~.::'. not less than 36 in. (0. 91 m). ~ / : " ~ $ ~ . " ~)} 5-3.2* In-Rack Sprinkler System Control Valves. Where sprinklers

• .,....::::,.:, ~--".-'-'~..-'.:!..,.:. .~ii!::" are installed in racks, separate indicat ing control valves an-d drains 4-6 Commodi ty Clearances . ....:#":"~';-'~i~i?.-"!:: ~:~!i!~:: "~#" shall be p'rovided a n d a r r anged so flaat ceiling and in-rack sprinklers

..::.:$:~ ~'f.-.:~:..: ~.?.~!.-':-.:(.~:- ..:..-..-, :.:.:~ -.:.:.x.. can be control led independent ly . 4-6.1" Commodi ty clearances s h ~ i ~ , ' u ~ ~ 3 ¢ ~ b r d , - ~ n c e Exception No. 1: Installation of 20 or fewer in-rack sprinklers supplied by wifla NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaus~ S y ~ i . ~ ' r A ' # . 7 ~ i n g oJ am one cei'i . . . . -._ t~_ _ stem Mate,q,/` .,..~:~.:~, ".~.~. "::~:i~'" ,y ~ ng ~,~,u,t~-~ ~y .

. ' - - " . ~ i ~ "'~Jg~i.:." . . . . . . . Exception No. 2: The separate indicating valves shall be permitted to be 4-6.2 Incandescen t Light.:~4fxtures.'~.:'-:~ ":::;"~:s:-':" arranged as sectional control valves where the racks occulm onO a portion

.-:*.-.'-:::::.-:::":::::%. :.-:ff ...?" of the area protected b~ the ceiling sprinklers. (See 5-1.3.') 4-7~" Storage o f Idle P a i l ' ~ ! ~ : , J-:'~ ~" . . . . . . . . . . "~::'*..':.'.-~ . . . . . . . . 5-$.3 In-Rack Sonn lde r Water Demand . The water d e m a n d for • t-t.~ ta~e wooer or plasUc pall~..~c~oreo on m e n o o r snau oe . , , ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . k-~.~.-.TZ, ,, o , . ~ ~ , spnnKlers s to red in racks snau De a o a e d to m e ce lnng sDnnKler p ro tec tea in accorcmnce vath r~e rr.~:.~e; otanaara jor t, enerat . . ~ - o. --.$::::,-:-: water d e m a n d at dae po in t of connecuon . The d e m a n d shall be ~wrag& "-'::::::" , , - . , , . ,

::~.'-'~ Oa iance (1 to u l e n l g n e r p r e s s u r e . 4-7.2 Idle wood or plastic pallets s'hall no t be s tored in racks.

5-3.4 Obstructions to In-Rack Sprinkler Discharge. In-rack Exception No. 1: Idle wooden pallets shall be permitted to be stored in racks when protected in accordance with the appropriate provisions of Chapter 10. Exception No. 2: Idle plastiepallets shall be permitted to be stored in racks when protected in ao:ordanco with the appropriate provisions of Chapter 10. (ROP 231C-I3)

Chapter 5 Fire Protection - - General

5-1 Protect ion Systems.

5-1.1 Sprinkler systems shall be wet pipe. Exceplion No.l: In areas subject to freezing or where special conditions exist, d o pipe and preaction systems shall be permitted. Ceiling sprinkler areas of operation shall be increased 30 percent over the areas spedfied by

sprinklers shall no t be requi red to mee t die obstruct ion criteria a n d clearance f rom storage requ i rements o f NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

5-4t Sprinkler Waterf low Alarm.

5-5t Hose Connect ions . For first a id fire f ight ing an d for mop-up operat ions, small (1 1/2-in.) hose lines shall be available to cover all areas o f die rack structures. These hose connec t ions shall no t be requi red to mee t file r equ i r emen t s of Class II hose systems def ined by NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. Hose connec t ions shall be suppl ied f rom one of d ie following:

(a) Outs ide hydrants

(b) A separate p ip ing system for small hose stations

7 5 6

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

(c) Valved hose connec t ions on spr inkler risers where such connect ions are made ups t ream of all spr inkler control valves

(d) Adjacent sprinkler systems

(e) The ceiling spr inkler system in the same area (as long ,as in- rack sprinklers are provided in the same area and are separately control led) Exception: Hose connections shall not be required for the protection of Class L II. IIL and IV commodities stored 1 2 f l and less in height.

5-6 Hose Demand.

5-6.1 Where inside (small) hose streams are required, an allowance of at least 100 gpm shall be added to tile sprinkler water d e m a n d for all commodit ies .

5-6.2 For combined inside (small) and outside (large) hose streanls, an allowance of at least 500 gpm shall be added to tile spr inkler water d e m a n d for all commodit ies . Exception: For Class I, 17, and 117 commodities stored up to 12 f l and Class IV commodities stored up to lOf t , the hose stream allowance shall be permitted to be reduced to 250 gpm.

5-7t Durat ion of Water Supplies. For single- and double-row racks the water supply dura t ion shall be at least 1-1/2 hours for Class I, II, mad lI commodi t ies and at least 2 hours for Class IV and Group A plastic commodit ies . For multiple-row racks, the water supply dura t ion shall be at least 2 hours for all classifications of commodi t ies . Exception: For Class IV comnwdities stored 1 2 f l or loss in height, the water suppl 3 duration shall be permitted to be 1 1 /2 hours.

5-8 High-Expaasion Foam.

5-8.1 Where high-expansion foam systems are installed, they shall be in accordance with NFPA 11A, Standard for Medium- and High- Expansion Foam Systems, and they shall be automat ic in operat ion. Exception: Where modified tff. this standard. 6

5-8.2 Where high-expansion foam systems are used in c o m b i n a d ~ . : with ceiling sprinklers, in-rack sprinklers shall no t be r e q u i r e c ~ i ~ i

. ~ 6 .~. -~;.

5-8.3 Detectors for High-Expanslon Foam Systems. D e t e ~ I s shall be listed an d shall be installed in one of the following ~::" "%{{~?.~....~..~..~;~ confi gu rations:

ear TM

..:-::..

.::i-:..:~. ,. (a) At the ceiling only where ins,~ed at one-L~Viii;:~ ~in iii~ i

spacing (e.g., 15 ft x15 f t r a t h e r t h a n a t 30f t x.~i~t. ) ~!~~::.. ..'.::-.-:, .

Exception__ to (a)'. Ceiling detectors alone shall noi be"'i~:..~'. ........ ~:~!~i:-,:.:...: roof/calling clearance from the top ~?f storage ~ 10 r~:i~i:~h~ h e i ~ of . . . . . . .~: : : : : : : : . - : : :~ - - .:::::::.~.q,. . ~ " storage exceMs 25 ft. .:~*,'" "%$'.':.:~ "~"::.~.'.'..~::<.j~.#"

(b) At the ceiling at listed s p a c i ~ i ~ n d i n . ~ g s at---il l t~ate levels

(c) Where listed for rack st%....~.$; i r i ~ i o n ~stalled in accordance wida thei r l i s d n g . . ~ . ~ : : ~ e r~...:n.se within one minu te

~ e q u i '" ::" ~?$:b that in a after ignit ion using an i,gn~l~'/a souiq!::.:. ~ ? used rack storage test ing p r o g ~ : , .i

5-8.4 High Expansion

5-8.4.1 Storage of Class I, II, 11I, ~"~:-:'~tV commodit ies up to and including 25 ft in height. :...f::~"

5-8.4.1.1" Where high-expansion foam systems are used without sprinklers, tile max im um submergence t ime shall be 5 minutes for Class 1, II, or III commodi t ies and 4 minutes for Class IV commodi t ies .

5-8.4.1.2 Where high-expansion foam systems are used in combina t ion with ceiling sprinklers, tile max imum submergence t ime shall be 7 minutes for Class I, II, or III commodi t ies and 5 minutes for Class IV commodit ies .

5-8A.1.3 High-Expansion Foam Ceiling Spr inkler Density. W h e r e high-expansion foam systems are used in combina t ion witil ceiling sprinklers, the m i n i m u m ceiling spr inkler design density shall be 0.2 g p m / f t 2 [(8.15 L / m i n ) / m 2 ] for ('~lass I, II, or Il l commodi t ies or 0.25 g p m / f t ~ [(10.2 L / m i n ) / m 2] for Class IV commodit ies for the most hydraulically remote 2000-ft ~ (185.8-m ~) operat ing area.

5-8.4.2 Storage of Class 1, II, lI1, and IV commodit ies over 25 ft in height.

5-8.4.2.1 Where high-expansion foam systems are used for storage over 25 ft (7.6 m) ltigh up to and including 35 ft (10.67 m) high, they shall be used in combina t ion with ceiling sprinklers. Tile max imum submergence t ime for the high-expansion foam shall be 5 mimltes for Class I, If, or Il l commodi t ies and 4 mim~tes for Class IV commodit ies .

5-8.4.2.2 Where high-expansion foam is used in combina t ion widl ceiling sprinklers, the m i n i m u m ceiling spr inkler design density shall be 0.2 g p m / f t 2 [(8.15 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] for Class I, II, or IIl commodit ies and 0.25 g p m / f t ~ [(10.2 L / m i n ) / m 2] for Class IV commodit ies for tile most hydraulically remote 2000-ft t (185.8-m ~) a r e a .

5-9 Solid and Slatted Shelves.

5-9.1" Slatted shelves shall be considered equivalent to solid shelves.

5-9.2t Sprinklers shall be installed at the ceiling and benea th each sheff in single-, double-, or multiple-row racks with solid shelves that obstruct bo th longi tudinal and transverse flue spaces. Design criteria for combined ceiling a n d in-rack sprinklers shall be used with this storage configuration~ii~i~:.,.~.:.

Open Top Combust~i~:.::Con"~iners- 5-10t

5-11 Movable R a c k s # ~ stoWS.@ mo,~ble racks stlali be protected in the s:~."~, maiCl~a e r . asts ~i . , . ,~tt i -row racks. (ROP 231C-15) :::" ':%:.. ":~i!i!i~:-

Chap kCr 6 S ' ~ y Spriiitl~"Pi~)tection for Class I, II, III, and IV C g . ~ o d i t i e s : ~ . ~ Storage u p t o and Including 25 ft in Height :,-.4:""%!i~!~::.. "%:.. ~:::. (ROP 231C-24)

~."~.".."~::, ".'i~i~!~!~::"

~ii'~" , ~i~':":" Par t A Genera l

....:#~iii~:::~.~!~: :''~ ( s ~ at~o Chapter 5.)

~.-%Generfil. For tile storage of Class I t h rough Class IV c ~ " ~ l t i e s s tored 12 ft (3.7 m) or less in height , the sprinkler desi~'~'criteria shall be in accordance with Table 6-1. (ROP 231G25)

Table 6-1 Protect ion of Class I through IV Commodi t ies Stored 12 ft or Less in Height

Design Commodl t~ Classification Curve I OH-1 II up to 8 ft (2.4 m) OH-1 l l | over 8 f t (2.4 m) up to 12 ft (3.6 m) OH-2 I11 OH-2 IV up to 10 ft (3 m) OH-2 W over 10 ft (3 m) to 12 ft (3.6 m) EH-1

(ROP 231C-25)

{~2 In-Rack Spr inkler Type. Sprinklers in racks shall be ordinary t empera tu re s tandard response classification with nomina l 1/2-in. (12.7-ram) orifice size, p e n d e n t or upright . Sprinklers with in te rmedia te a n d high tempera ture ratings sball be used near heat sources as required by NFPA 1:~, Standard for the Installation of

~ rinkler Systems. OP 321~1)

Exception: Quick-response sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed in racks.

6,$ In-Rack Spr inkler Pipe Size. The n u m b e r of sprinklers and file pipe sizing on a l ine of sprinklers in racks is restr icted only by hydraulic calculations a n d no t by any piping schedule.

f~lt In-Rack Spr inkler Water Shields. Water shields shall be provided directly above in-rack sprinklers, or listed sprinklers equ ipped with water shields s h a l l b e used where the re is more than one level, if no t shie lded by horizontal barriers.

6~ In-Rack Sprinkler Location.

* 6-5.1 t The elevation of in-rack spr inkler deflectors with respect to storage shall no t be a considerat ion in single- or double-row rack storage up to and including 20 ft (6.1 m) high.

6-5.2* In single- or double-row racks wi thout solid shelves with storage over 20 ft (6.1 m) high, or in multiple-row racks, or in

7 5 7

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

single- or double-row racks wida solid shelves and storage he igh t up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m), a m i n i m u m of 6-in. (152.4-mm) vertical clear space shall be ma in ta ined between fine sprinkler deflectors and the top of a t ier of storage. Sprinkler discharge shall no t be obstructed by horizontal rack members .

6-5.~ In-rack sprinklers at one level only for storage up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) h igh shall be located at dae first t ier level at or above one-half of file storage height. (ROP 321C-28)

6-5.4 In-rack sprinklers at two levels only for storage up to mad including 25 ft (7.6 m) h igh shall be located at the first tier level at or above one-dfird and two-flfirds of dae storage height.

6-6 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing.

6-6.1" Maximum horizontal spacing of sprinklers in single- or double-row racks wid~ nonencapsu la ted storage up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) in he igh t shall be in accordance wida Table 6-6.1.

Table 6-6.1 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing C o m m o d i t y C l a s s

Aisle Widths I and II III IV 8f t 12f t 12ft 8 f t 4 f t 12ft 8 f t 8 f t

6-9"1" Ceiling SprinMer Water Demand. The design curves in Figures 6-12(a) d~rough (g) shall apply to nominal 20 ft (6.1 m) he ight of storage.

6-9.1 The design curves indicate water demands for ordinary tempera ture and nominal h igh tempera ture rated sprinklers at d~e ceiling. The ordinary tempera ture design curves corresponding to ordinary rated tempera ture sprinklers shall be used for sprinklers wida ordinary and in te rmedia te t empera ture classification. The high tempera ture design curve cor responding to h igh tempera ture rated sprinklers shall be used for sprinklers having lfigh tempera ture rating. (ROP 321 G l )

6-9.2 For storage hei I it up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) protec ted wida ceiling prinklers only and for storage he igh t up to and including 20 ft (6 m) protec ted wida ceiling sprinklers and m i n i m u m requi red in-rack sprinklers, densit ies ob ta ined f rom design curves shall be adjusted in accordance with Figure 6-9.2.

Height of storage (m) 3.66

s 0 s 4 s 7 lO ,

For SI units: 1 ft = 0.3048 m

For encapsula ted storage, max imum horizontal spacing shall be 8 | ft (~.44 m). I 6-6.Lvf Sprinklers installed in racks shall be spaced wid~out regard to rack uprights. .~ |

I 6-71" In-Rack Spr inkler Discharge Pressure. Sprinklers in racks shall discharge at no t less daan 15 psi (103.4 kPa) for all classes of -o commodi t ies . ®

In-Rack Spr inkler Water Demand. The water d e m a n d for j::.. " ]:--:i~_:':!-:i.::.|::" sprinklers installed in racks shall be based on s imultaneous "g~":"{:" ~ ':~.i:::]~ I I'!ii!V I ,:.5:.'-:-~;.:.:.~x~.~:: '~ "i~::l :if" I I opera t ion of dae most hydraulically remote sprinklers as follows: . "~:~.....-;~ .:-'::~ I ! I

(a) Six sprinklers where only one level is installed in rac . ~ : . ~ ? . - ~ ' : :~ C l~s I II or III commodit ies , .::.:~:~ . . . . ~::,. c , , ..:~:~:::" "::..:::,

(b) Eight spr ink lers where only one level is i n s t a l l e d t ~ i " ~ : ~ ~:Y" p • • • "::.::.::i:~:- -~:" i t . w~th Class IV commodmes , .::~':.::, "::~,:'..F .<~'-'-~-:~*'~-~, %1.~.

. ?.~::.'" ,,:~::. :$~.-'::~:,.~.. :~. (c) Ten snnnklers (five on each two ton l e v e ~ where more ":~-'-"-'-x-~-5" ,. . . . ~ ..~. -.:%.:-.-::.~

dl,'RI one level ts Installed In racks wldl Class 1, .~.~'~i~ or ITS.::. ..:.., :~-~" commodi t ies . 4~;;::'~i~.'., ~!~."[-"-::.. :~ii.-:'~. :.:~"

~.~.".-::,-.-'~: ~" "'~'~:" ".-~A- (d) Four teen spnnklers (seven on ea~...L~..o toff~{.6.'~g.ls) wlkc0re

more diem one level is installed in r a c ~ i ~ l a s s I ~ : ~ . ' ~ t i e s . ~.'.:.- "~-.'x2:':': "%'.?.':~:~:- Exception: Where a storage ra(k, due .~?~ts l en~ f" requir..es ~ " t h a n the number of in-rack sprinklers specifiec~.i~.~.~:..tho~..#~qCdt. ~ . ~ k l e r s in a single rack need to be inc luded in t!te cal~" ( , ~ . (i~.~!..~IC-S0)

.~.::::.,..,,:::~::::::$. ".$~::.~$:. .:$:';" %:::.':& ".::~':..:!:?.~::.. ...:::.

~ . : . Table 6-9.2"::~!~!ust~ent to Ceilln[~ Sprinkler Density, f o r

.:~!ii~: In-Rack Storage Height (ft) Over 12 ft (3.7 m) d]rough 25 ft (7.6 m)

Over 12 ft (3.7 m) darough 20 ft (6.1 m)

i l l n l l l i l l l l ~ i | ~ l l l i l l i l l l l l l ~ l l l l l l i l n i l l l l l ~ l | ~ l l l l l n n n l U l l l ~ # l l ~ l l l l I I I I I l l H i ~ l i n ~ l l l

I l n l i l l ~ l l i l l l ~ i i l l i l l ~ l l i i n l ~ d l l i U l l l l i W ~ l i l l l l l r n l u ~ l l l l ~ n l i n l l J

i l l l i ~ l i l l l l l i i l l i ~ l l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l ~ l l ~ l i l l i ~ i l l l i l M I I I ~ l l l l ~ l l l l l l l l l l

i i I I I I I 1 ~ 1 1 1

Over 20 ft (6.1 m) d~rough 25 ft (7.6 m)

Sprinklers None

Min imum requi red More than m in imum but no t in every tier

In every tier

Min imum requi red More than min imum but no t in every tier

2 5

i l

" - " I ' I ' T I " I J J i J i i i i i i i i i

i I l l l I l l l l i I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i i I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l i i l i t I I I I I I I I

10 12 15 20 25 Height of storage (ft)

Figure 6-9.2 Ceiling sprinkler density v s s t o r a g e height.

Storage Height and In-Rack Sprinklers Permit ted

Apply Ceiling Sprinklers Density Ft~. 6-9.2 Adjustments Yes None

Yes Yes

Yes

None Reduce density 20% from dlat of m in imum in-rack sprinklers Reduce density 40% from dlat of m i n i m u m in-rack sprinklers N o n e Reduce density 20% from that of m i n i m u m in-rack sprinklers Reduce density 40% from that of m i n i m u m in-rack sprinklers

No No

In every tier No

9.14 10.67

I I : I

I ! : I : i

' , I :

i ; " i

I f i ', ' I i ; 1 I , I I I ' , I!II , f

l ! ! i

' 1 30 35

7 5 8

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

6-9.3 For storage height over 20 ft (6.1 m) up to and including 25 ft (7.6) protected wid~ ceiling sprinklers and minimum required in- rack sprinklers, densities obtained from design curves shaU be used. Densities shall not be adjusted in accordance wide Figure 6-9.2.

6-9.4 For storage height up to and including 20 ft (6.1 m) protected wide ceiling sprinklers and wide more d~an one level of in- rack sprinklers, but not in every tier, densities obtained from design curves and adjusted in accordance wide Figure 6-9.2 shall be permitted to be reduced an additional 20 percent. (See Table 6-9.2.) (ROP 321C-32)

6-9.5 For storage height over 20 ft (6.1 m) up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) protected widl ceiling sprinklers and wid~ more dean dee minimum required level of in-rack sprinklers, but not in every tier, densities obtained from design curves shall be permitted to be reduced 20 percent. Densities shall not be adjusted in accordance wide Figure 6-9.2. (See Table 6-9.2.) (ROP 321C-32)

6-9.6 For storage height up to and including 20 ft (6.1 m) protected., wide. ceiling sprinklers. ,and in-rack sprinklers. . at each tier, densmes obt,'uned from destgn curves and adjusted ,n accordance wide Figure 6-9.2 shall be permitted to be reduced an additional 40 percent. (See Table 6-9.2.) (ROP 321C-32)

6-9.7 For storage iaeight over 20 ft (6.1 m) up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) protected wid~ ceiling sprinklers and in-rack sprinklers at each tier, densities obtained from design curves shall be permitted to be reduced 40percenL Densities shall not be adjusted in accordance with Figure 6-9.2. (See Table 6-9.2.) (ROP 321C-32)

6-9.8t Where clearance from ceiling to top of storage is less d~an 4~/= ft (1.37 m) (see Section 4-5), die sprinkler operating area indicated in curves E, F, G, and H in Figures 6-10(a) darough (e) shall be permitted to be reduced as indicated in Figure 6-9.8 but to not less d~an 2000 ft ~ (185.8 m~). (See6-9.9.)

Reduced design area of sprinkler operation (m 2)

138 186 232 279 325 372 418

- - e . . . e - - i . - - # i . .*,.e-e--#--i.-,

i t . - - t . - - t i t , . ~ ,--#-e.--F.=,#.-

,.1=: - - e -e - - I - -P - -

• ~ - , - , - , - + - ,--e--(--,e.--k--

~ . - , - , - + - , -

0 -, . . I ,--I ,--I ,--#--

"~ , - . t - - e - - e - - I - -

. - -e- -e-+. . -4- - 0

.....p.+.,.¢--¢--. O)

"0

• r. ~ 0

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Reduced design area of sprinkler operation (ft 2)

6-9.9 Where clearance fyom ceiling to top of Class I or II encapsulated storage is 11/2 ft to 3 ft (0.46 m to 0.91 m), the sprinkler operating area indicated in curve F only of Figure 6-10(e) shall be permitted to be reduced by 50 percent but to not less than 2000 sq ft ~ (185.8 m ~).

6-9.10 Where solid, flat-bottom wood pallets are used, widl storage ileight up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m), die densities indicated in d~e design curves, based on conventional pallets, shall be increased 20 percent for d~e given area. This percentage shall be applied to the density determined in accordance wifl~ Figure 6-9.2. This increase shall not apply where in-rack sprinklers are installed.

6-10" Protection criteria, in accordance wid~ Chapter 8 for Group A plastics, shall be permitted for dae protection of dm same storage height and configuration of Class l, il, III, and IV commodities. (ROP 321 035)

Part B Double- and Single-Row Racks (See a. .l,a. Chapter 5.)

~ : . 611 Ceiling Sprinkler W a ~ i ~ e m ~ l . For Class I, II, III, or IV commodities e n c a p s u l a t e ~ o n e n c a p s u l a t e d in single- or double- row racks, ceiling sprinkle} w ~ e m a n d in terms of density (gpm/ft 2) [ ( L / m i n ) ~ . . ~ a n d ~ . ~ f sprinkler operation [ft ~ (m ~) of ceiling or roof] ~ 1 b~.~electe~.:.':~.m3.'dle curves in Figures 6- l l ( a ) dlrough (g)*~"/~.gected by T a ~ - l l . The curves in Figures 6-11 (a) dlrough (g) a l s O , all a p p l y ~ portable racks arranged in tim same m ~ . . ~ g . x s ~ . g ~ r double-row racks or multiple-row racks. T h ~ : e n t to satisfy a smgle point on die a p p r o p ~ t e c u ~ . r e l a t e d i~(;"~vei'igstorage confguration and c o ~ class."~,hall not be required to meet all points on the s e l e ~ ~ ' ~ e . Figff~.~..~, shall be used to adjust me density for storage h ~ . u n l e s s ' ~ e r w i s e specified. For SI units: 1 ft = 0.3048

' . • l~k~:.~:De~.'.g~urves for s ingle-and double-row racks shall be ~ ~ r r e s p o n d to aisle width. For aisle widths between 4 ft ~ 2 m i ~ 8 ft (9.44 m), a direct linear interpolation between c ' i ~ shall be made. The density given for 8-ft (2.44-m) wide aisles s h a ] ~ p p l i e d to aisles wider d~an 8 ft (2.44 m). The density given for~fft (1.22-m) wide a~sles shall be applied to aisles narrower than 4 ft (1.22 m) down to 3 / s ft (1.07 m). Where aisles are narrower dlan 31/~ ft (1.07 m), racks shall be considered to be multiple-row racks.

g12 In-Rack Sprinkler Location. In single- or double-row racks without solid shelves, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Table 6-11.

Part C Multiple-Row Racks (See also Chapter 5.)

g 13f In-Rack Sprinkler Location. For encapsulated or nonencapsulated storage in multlple-row racks no deeper than 16 ft (4.88 m) witll aisles 8 ft (2.44 m) or wider, in-rack spnnklers shall be installed in accordance widl Table 6-13. (ROP 231C~7)

Figure 6-9.8 Adjustment of design area of sprinkler operation for clearance from top of storage to ceiling. (ROP 321033)

759

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Height Over 12 ft, up to and

including 20 ft

Over 20 ft, up to and

including 22 ft

Over 22 it, up to and

including 25 ft

(ROP 23 IC-37)

Table 6-11

C o m m o d i t y Class

Yes

No II

Yes

No III

Yes

No IV

Single- or Double-Row Racks. Storage Height up to and Including 25 ft without Solid Shelves.

Ceillnlg Sprinkler Water Demand With In-Rack S ~rinklers Without In-Rack S ~rinklers

Aisles (ft) Sprinklers

Eocap- (44.1) Mandatory Apply Fig Apply Fig. sulated (B-6-11.1) In-Rack Fig. Curves 6-9.2 Fig. Curves 6-9.2

No 4 No 6-11 (a) C&D 6-11 (a) G&H Yes 8 A&B E&F

4 No 6-11 (e) C&D 6-11 (e) G& H Yes 8 A&B E&F 4 No 6-11(b) C&D 6-1 l (b) G & H Yes 8 A&B E&F 4 No 6-11 (e) C&D Yes 6-11 (e) G& H Yes 8 A&B E&F 4 No 6-11 (c) C&D 6-11 (c) ( ' & H Yes 8 A&B E&F

. . % . 4 1 level 6-11 (f) C&D .-':':':':':':'-

4 No 6-11 (d) C&D f:: ~ii::...&." 11 ) G & H Yes 8 A&B '::-:!i!il.'. . . . . . . . . . . E&F

8 A&B " ..':..-:::,: ::':" -.;:;:-'-'.'-:?~..

No 4 No 6-1 l (a) C&D 6-11 ~ G&H Yes 8 A&.B ":-.i~:#:.. E&F

6-11 (e) ../~&~::. ..... i{i!:" A&B "::'i{

No 4 No 6-11 (1~:::':: i.{i.ii:~l.i;&D '::ii{i{ii-':.. 6-11 (b) G & H Yes l I 8 '::~::~B ':~¢:" r&V

Yes 4 1 level ~ . ( ~ ) ' ~ I ' , 1 ~i::N o ...::i:x-"-':~:::::::::.

";ill; ............ :ii"':::" 8 "'6-11"(~ g ~ iiiii~] :!:#'i:.: ,-:i::':':':'::i:i i:'i::::-,-~?.&, .BiG&[ :ii!: 6-11 (c) G & H Yes No 4 No i! i:i::::.~ .... E&F IIl 8

Yes 4 1 lev..e,t,i "".:i.~li~(f) ~::~.:.-:~i~D 8 ..::~ii~illli~::, X & B

, " i t " ":':':':':':~ . . . . . . . No 4 ..::.:ii.::"No ":~iiiiiii 6-11"~iii.-..:i ;:" C&D 6-11 (d) G& H Yes

W 8 ..iiU A&B E&F Yes 4 . ' 'I{::.~,:y..:e/~-i -~r 6-11 {g) G&D

~i "i8:Jiii:: ":iiiiiiiiiiil.. A & B :':::ii:. N o'%iiii:-::.: ' :#:.6-11 (a) C&D 6-11 (a) G & H Yes N O

I ..~-~::.. -.: .:.:::, ".'~il-'::::' A&B E&F

Yes ;:::: * !i% C&t, ....... ..: ....... 8 "%~iii.?:~ A&B

No::.'?::""':':-'i~ i 4 "~-i i!-:'.-::,...-:'i::"No 6-11(b) C&D 6--ll(b) G & H Yes II ..:~!::" .:.:~.-- 8 :i!iiiiiii":" A&B E&F

.:ii;::¥:-~-::. :~ii~:i:i~iii.-':.':.4., "::..:~:: ::" 1 level 6-11 (e) G&D No . :%!::~: : "::::@:ii::ii?~#: A & B

i:i:.".::.::-~:'.'.':}.:.:~, o ~:'{i iii-:.'-:=, 4 No 6-11 (c) ( '&I) 6-11 (c) G&H Yes III ..::#ii:-::: "::?i'{ii'i- :".:.{{iii!{!?i:?.::..,.8 A&B E&F .:#:-:":iiii ~.!ii:: .:~es jili::" 4 1 level 6-11(0 C&ID

-.:.:.:.:. 8 A & B

IV / ::i~i~i-:: " ..:::. 8 1 level A&B ' : : :"~ 4 6-11 (g) C&D ....-Y 8 A & B

Yes 4 1 level 8

7 6 0


4.1 6.1

600o

.9 5 0 0 0 I I I|1

Q) t I I I

o. i i i 0 . . .

4000 ~: :

E: ; : : • .-- : : :

3000 i i i 0 I I I

! ! i i ¢0 : : : g200o ! ! !

1000 • - • 0.1 0.15

Ceiling sprinkler density (L/min)/m 2

8.1 10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3

: : : E G F H

II!

; : ' : :

i i i i l l : :

i l l I

N ." 7

~ i i

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45

Ceiling sprinkler density (gpm/tt 2)

557 ~-. g

465 .g

e-,

372 '4

"{::;

,279 ~" o

1 8 6 c O )

o) E3

93

C u r v e L e g e n d

A - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 28b~(141 °C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers,

B - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 165'~F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers.

C - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-tt (1.22-m) aisles or multiple-row racks with 286°F (141°C) ceiling

C u r v e Legend

E - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles and 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers.

F - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

G - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles and 286°F (141°C} ceiling sprinklers.

H - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-it (1.22-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

sprinklers and 165°F (74°C.) I - - Multiple-row racks with in-rack sprinklers. .~ : :~ 8-It (2.44-m) or wider

D - - Single-or double-row ~'s"'::::?'~-:.~:. aisles and 286°F (141°C) with 4-ft (1.22-m) ~ ! ~ [ ceiling sprinklers. multiple-row rac.k.~i.~,ith':$.~i.~ J - - Multiple-row racks with 165°F (74°C) -¢~':':~ ":~.":.':':.'-:':'-"~i.~ 8-ft (2.44-m) or wider sprinklers ~765~,.'.:.(74°C}%iii~ii::.~ ..:~ aisles and 165°F (74°C) in-rack s l : ) f~ . .y : ~;": : '~ ceiling sprinklers.

"::~:i::~ ..:~:" .... "::-%:... ..::.

F igure 6-11 (a) Sp r ink l e r s y s t e m des ign cu rv es - - 20-ft (6 . l -m) h igh r ack s t o r a ~ i i ~ Ch i ' !~ .oonencapsula ted c o m m o d i t i e s - - c o n v e n t i o n a l pallets . *:'~:'~ii!:'.-::. "~ >":.':.i~.:~::~ ..:::.

Ceiling sprinkler density (L/min)/m 2 ~!i~;::~'x:~ii~urve ':: ~ " L e g e n d C u r v e L e g e n d ~ i i ~ : : . . ~ -~ . '~ : .S [~ I ~;r double-row racks E - - Single-or double-row racks

4.1 6.1 8.1 10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3 ~.~-.~:~!-. . . ' x ' % ~ 8 - f t (2.44-m) aisles with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles

6000 i i A,, h~lC JlJD i El i =uuF G i ivH 1 1 1 = 7 ~i~.~:.,.~,: ~ ceiling sprinklers and sprinklers. c a o o I I I I I I I |11 I I I I I l l U l l l I I I I I I i=:~'~ i'" 1 6 5 F ( 7 4 C ) F--Single-ordouble-rowracks

I I I t t t II I II t t t t I1 ! t t,t I t I II ! t t | t ~',":::~ in-rack sprinklers, with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles o"- =;nnn Ii I[ I! il II il t,, U llliu II [|llll II II II II1flil•ll II If I151• IIII II II 5 .-~ B - S ing le -o r d o u b l e - r o w and 165°F ( 7 4 ° C ) c e i l i n g ~ . . . . I I I I I I b l i i i i i i | a11~ i i | i 1 1 1 i I l l I L I1g I I I~ l i l I I I~1 I I . - ! 1 I IUI I I I A I l I I '~ racks w i th 8- i t ( 2 .44 -m) spr ink le rs . ~ . I I I I I I I ~ &I t I I IlL I I I I I l l ! I I I • I/I.:-'l " o.~ a is les . . . . . w i th 165°F (74 C) G - - S ing le -o r d o u b l e - r o w racks o I I I I I I I i I I t . i I I l l A I I I A I I I I I~:i:~r ! o ce lhng spnnk le rs w f lh 4- f t (1 .22 -m) a is les

I I I I I [ I I 1 I I I I 1 [ 1 III I I I ~ n l I I..I '::-I,;:T:::I ~) 4 0 0 0 1 t l l l l l I & l l l k I I ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ I l';'ll~l::::l 2 ~ a n d 1 6 5 , , F ( 7 4 o c ) a n d 2 8 6 O F ( 1 4 1 o C ) cei l ing

"~ I ! i i I i i t I • A I i H i i$1 i i IIMI. I I I i ]~-;i ~ in - rack spr ink lers , spr ink lers . . - I I I I I I I ,11111d I I . I I l l l l ~ l , ~ . : . t l l I%1 ~- I I I I I I I ~1 I t ! ,1 I u ~ ~,l L t:::~-~::~ * I I 'E C - Single-or double-row racks H - Single-or double-row racks (n qt~tttt I I ! 1 I I I ; l l = I l lXl = • = = ~L.:i:!:'I = 11~lf!:!=: I I I 9 ~ w i th 4" f t (1 .22 -m) a is les o r w i th 4- f t (1 .22 -m) a is les

,~ . . . . I I I I I I I ! I I X • I IM I.::IXl I I I~¢ : t ' l I I O mu l t i p le - row racks w i th and 165°F ( 7 4 ° C ) c e i l i n g I I I I I I I & l I i~l~l I IL-:f:::|--lkl I I k ~ l I I I I I t I t t ~t~ t t~iX t-::I~,I'4:::L~ | t,;::t::.~Jt-'-:~-:a (~ 286°F (141°C)cailing sprinklers. I ~ i I I I I ! t k i i A r I I kl'~:lE:!:P~:t:;'~ r~L"~i::! ~ sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) I - -Mul t ip le-row racks with .E 2 0 0 0 I I I I I I I : I I%1 I I ~ It.¢-:-.L I Xl'::l:!:.]~;il I I I~'~1 6 ~: m I I I I I I I I I I I I~-:1:: ':~:::t:::~'. I I I":t:::l:::4 I I I I O'~ in - rack spr ink lers . 8- f t ( 2 . 4 4 - m ) o r w ider

"0~® II It II II It II II i It II I-.<-t:: I t L-:;:I";" Ii It "-B::]::i:l I ::]E:i:l II II Ir:i::::l:::'ll '::[:-:i$i::J::;'llJ II "~ D - S ing le -o r d o u b l e - r o w racks a is les and 286°F (141°C) ¢3 I I I I I I I ~ I.::~t.-:-t:-: •1 I t I.::T:I I t t t tJ:!¢:.l I t E:3 w i th 4- f t ( 1 . 2 2 - m ) a i s l e s o r ce i l ing spr ink lers .

1 ( ' ~ t I I | I t I I ' : f " l " : f : : :¥ : : : .~ I .-f:: ' l = ' = = = ' ~ : q = = = multiple-row rackswith J--Multiple-row rackswith 0.~5 0.~0 ";:''"~ i~!f 0 . ;0 0 . ;5 0.40 0.45 0.50 165°F (74°C) ceiling 8-ft (2.44-m) 0r wider

-':'::':-::-;~ sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ~ n s i t y (gpnYft 2) in-rack sprinklers, ceiling sprinklers. Ceiling s

Figure 6-1 l (b ) Sp r ink l e r sy s t em d es ig n cu rv es - - 20-ft (6 . l -m) h igh rack s t o r a g e - - C lass II n o n e n c a p s u l a t e d c o m m o d i t i e s - - c o n v e n t i o n a l pallets .

7 6 1

6.1

6000. ¢¢

• o~ 50o0.

~ 4000. c "g::

~" 30O0, O el

~- 2000,

100 0.15

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Ceiling sprinkler density (IJmin)/m 2

8.2 10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3

0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45

Ceiling sprinkler density (gpm/ft 2)

20.4

0.50

! . t -

8 "

" 6

el | t - Oe

Curve Legend

A - - 8-# (2.44-m) aisles w,h 286°F (.141°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°(3) in-rack sprinklers.

B - - 8-fl (2.44-m) aisles with 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers.

C --4-f t (1.22-m) aisles with 286°F (141 °C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°(3) in-rack spdnklem.

D - - 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles with 1650F (74°C) ceiling sprinklem and 165°F (74o(3) in-rack sprinklers.

Curve Legend

E - - 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 288°F (141 °C) ceiling sprinklers.

F - - 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 165°F 0'4°C) cei|ing sprinklers.

G - - 4-ft (1 22-m) aisles wiet 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers.

H --4-f t (1.22-m) aisles with 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

Figure 6-11(e) Single- or double-row racks - - 20-ft (6. l-m) h ~ h rack stol commodi t i e s ~ corn


6.1 10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3 20.4

6 0 0 0 , o

c o 5000, -

O. O ~ 400o. - ¢:

.t'-

~" 3ooo. " O el

t~ c 2000. -

1000 0.15

8 . 2

I A

0.20 0.25~0.30-~m).35 ~ 4 0 # 0.45 0.50

O .372

| • 1 ~ c

I

93

curves - - Class I and II encapsula ted

(74°(3)

8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 165°F (74°(3) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack spdnldem.

Curve Legend

C ~ 4-R (1.22-m) aisles with 288°F (141°(3) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°(3) in-rack sprinklers.

D - - 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles with 165°F (74°(3) ceiling spdnk~s and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers.

Figure 6-11 (f) Single- 20-ft (6. l -m) high rack s torage ~ spr inkler system des ign curves - - Class HI encapsula ted commodi t i e s - - convent ional pallets.

7 6 3

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

8 . 2

6000 - ,¢::

5000 .

& 0

4000- ¢-

~" 3000- O ¢0

2000- o~

1000 0.15

6 , 1

0.20

Ceil ing spr inkler densi ty (IJmin)/m 2

10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3 20.4

l l i n n n n n l I l i i l l i i l l n a i l U l l i I n n l n i i l l i m u n u n n n m nmmnmmmmm l l i m l l l l l I l i l l l l l l

557

465

: : : : : : : : : : : : : , : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 7 2 ~ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

I~111 I ~ I I I I I I I I I ~ l k l l l J I I I I I I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I%J I R=I I I I I I I I 279 I I I l ~ J l & l l l l l l l

~, I I I I ? J I'~EI I I I I I ~%111 i I N I'Ikl I I I I

~ J I " 11 r%L l l d I I I 1R~ i i I I I - I I ~ E I I i i i • I , v ~ ! ! ! ! ! ! !.'~ Single point i i i i i i i i design only • • "-" . . . . ~ ~ ' ~ 93 i

0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0 A5 0.50

Ceil ing sprinkler density (gpm/fl 2)

Figure 6-11 (c) Sprinkler system design curves -- 2O-ft (6.l-m) high rack storage pallets.

Curve Legend

A - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers and

E 165°F (74°C) "~ in-rack sprinklers. o B - - Single-or double-row

racks with 8-tt (2.44-m) aisles with 165°F (74°C) O..

o ceiling sprinklers _~ and 165°F (74°C) ",- in-rack sprinklers. "~. C - - Single-or double-row racks ¢ o with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles or "6 multiple-row racks with

286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C)

o~" in-rack sprinklers. "¢~ D - - Single-or double-row racks

C u r v e Legend

E - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles and 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers.

F - - Single.or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

G - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles and 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers.

H - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

I - - Multiple-row racks with 8-ft (2A4-m) or wider aisles and 286°F (141°C)

with 4-it (1.22-m) aisles ~ ceiling sprinklers. multiple-row racks w i t ~ $ : , J - - Multiple-row racks with 165°F (74°C) ceiling~>.~: ":~ 8-ft (2.44-m) or wider sprinklers and 1 ~ C ) aisles and 165°F (74°C) in-rack s p d n k l e ~ " : ~ . ceiling sprinklers.

.~- ".'¢:::::. :. "-:::::::::~,.

• ~,':'~i~" "::-::: "::~."-:~-~-, .

- % #~:-

• C l a m t : ~ I I . n o n e ~ s u l a t e d commodi t ies - - conventional

8 . 2 1 0 . 2

I 6000J A B C

i~ii

5ooo.

°

~ 4000-

"~ i k i i ~ " 3000- ! !~ ! 0 I : .'.."

c 2000- (/)

Ceil ing spr inkler density ( IJmin)/m 2

12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3 20.4

[

22.4 24.5

i i i k i~. N i ii i i~i..i i i I I I I ' I I M I%J II 1~l~Br'A¢::i$. I I I I I I I N ~,Ji.~:T:;'l I ' "L~ : : : i I i I i I I I I L.:;|P.:'I i ,;,1-:::1 l i l l i l l L::JBi:i. I , [ i .~::l I I I I I I t.::.:f::':B.::]fi:.:$. I I t-':':]:::~:~ I I I I I I I ' 1 I'1F:::1:::4. I .::;F'I r-:

1 0 0 0 I I I I I , L . 4 . . I i I 't:::l:::'~:'l I I ' ..::~:~.*.::.'~.t-;;, " ~ . - ' : - ~ '

0.20 0.25 0.30;~;'0.3~~:..~0.40:%~,'-~,4~_.,.. -~.,:::-..: --~-~=,,,.-, o. .~.e~ '..-':~, ::4.-';-~_~,'>"

. ~ s p r i e r d e n s i ~ i ~ p m / f t 2)

• ~!.,.~:.,.~. ~.;;-

Figure 6-11(d) Spr inkler system ~ i g n

93 0.50 0.55 0.60

372

1 8 6

wi 'O~ l . (..~4'~l-m) aisles with ~ ' ( 1 4 1 °C)

, c~ing~lprinklers and ~ . & # . ~ F (;,4 c) ~.~ ~~.-"..-~-~ a c k sprinklers. ..':.~:>. B .--- Single-or double-row ~ racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) ~,~-"~" aisles with 165°F (74°C) ~- ceiling sprinklers

and 165°F (74°C) "¢c in-rack sprinklers. "~ C -- Single-or double-row racks qJ with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles or o multiple-row racks with

286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers.

"~ D -- Single-or double-row racks with 4-It (1.22-m) aisles or multiple-row racks with 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) in-rack sprinklers.

Cu rve L e g e n d

E - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2A4-m) aisles and 266°F (141 °C) ceiling sprinklers.

F - - Single-or double-row racks with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

G - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-|t (1.22-m) aisles and 286°F (141°C) ceiling sprinklers.

H - - Single-or double-row racks with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles and 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers.

curves - - 20-ft (6. l-m) high rack storage - - Class IV nonencapsu la ted commodi t ies - - conventional pallets.

7 6 2

N F P A 231C - - A98 R O P


10.2 12.2 14.3 16.3 18.3 20.4 22.4 I

A B 6000 I I I I M I I I~1 ~ ' ~ I I I I !1 I I I1~ ~ . I I I I I ~ 1 1 1 1 ~

I I I | I M I I I I

.~ 500o ! ! ! I ! ~ - ! ! ! "~ : : : i - - : : i i i : = : O- : - - : °

4000 . . -

+Ht 0 , , , : : : : : :

2000 ; i ; ; ; i i ; ;

" ~ i i : l | 1 3 I |

: : : I I I I 1000 - - ~ | 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

Ceiling sprinkler density (gpnVft 2)

24.5

0.60

E

465 o

O. 0

372

279 ~" o ¢d

186 c o )

i--i

93

Curve Legend Curve Legend

A - - 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with C - - 4-ft (I .22-m) aisles with 286°F (141 °C) ceiling 288°F (141 °C) ceiling sprinklers and sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) 165°F (74°13) in-rack sprinklers, in-rack sprinklers.

B - - 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles with D - - 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles with 165°F (74°C) ceiling 165°F (74°C) ceiling sprinklers and sprinklers and 165°F (74°C) 165°F (74°(3) in-rack sprinklers, in-rack sprinklers.

:~" -:~.:i~. %-.-'.:'...:/::~

¢::::::.:.:.... x:i~i::..

F i g u r e 6 - 1 1 ( g ) S i n g l e - o r d o u b l e - r o w r a c k s - - 2 0 - f t ( 6 . l - m ) h i g h r a c k s t o r a g e - - s ~ ~ i ! ~ c a r v e s - - c o m m o d i t i e s - - c o n v e n t i o n a l ~be~: :~ .~ , ":':':~:".::'~::.@:

~:'-" "::.:..'i~~::.. ":$.$-.., ...,>

":~i~i:.~::.. }~.:::~-~ ~.~.~ . . . . . ~.:.:~-i~: %!i~:..:~.; ~

~::.x.-.:" ~.-.-¢: ::i:.:::::-" 6.'::::~- ~.':~ - ~':-"

~ ! ~ ..:~i~::. • -:~#:~ <~-.'-:.~.-'i~-}~ "::':'$!~- .~,

.: ~.~.~ .::::~.:: ;-.:~::.. -:.-:'~..

C l a s s I V e n c a p s u l a t e d

764

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Table 6.13 Multi Racks. Rack

Sprinklers Commodity Encap- Mandatory

In-Racks Height Class sulated

II

Ill

IV

Over 12

up to ,and I

including 15ft

No

Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes

No

Over 15

up to and I

including 20 ft

to and Includln 16 it, Aisles 8 ft or Wider, to 25 ft. Ceiling Sprinkler Water Demand-

With ln-Rack Sprinklers Without In-Rack Sprinklers

Fig. Curves AI~'Pl Y 1.25X Fig. No. Curves AI~Pl Y No. 6-9.2 Density, 6-9.2

6-11 (a) No 6-11 (a) l&J Yes

No 6-11 (a) 6 -~(b) 6-1 l i b t C&D

No 6-11 (c) 1 level 6-11 (c)

No 6-11(d)' 1 level 6-11 (d) A&B

6-11 ( a )

Yes

Yes No 11 No

Yes III No No

Yes 1 level IV No 1 level

" - - W ; - -

Over 20

up to and I No No

including 25 ft

Yes 1 level I I N o ...-.:

1 level "¢~" Il l No

.":_"*"" " -,;."L::t':. IV No A:~q eve Is:~"~ .~.:.-'~, ~ Yes !x"<~I..':-::, ~¢~i

...... .,:. .~,....;g.-.~" For $1 units: 1 ft = (ROP 231 C.37)

1.25 x Denslt]¢

6-11 (a) 6-1 ~ (b) 6 - 1 q b ) C a D 6-11 (c) Yes 6-11 (c) .~."...:~ii Y~.'~!!~. ..<*" 6-11 (d) .... :"::~"*% :"' 6-11(d) A&B ~ . ~ . ~ 5 7 [!~:~::.: 1. ~... ×~iii~ :"

....,.'~*" . . . . . !i:~: "~i

6-11 (a)~ "":'~.~x *i! ;~' No

::.~'I 1 (a) .::'k-.. ~..~-~ Yes ~.!~- ii."-:.![ir. 11 ( t'~::, ~ gs No '::':~:;1 (l~':! ii~. ~ Yes

6~::~i~) '-'~ No No 6-~ t:~.~.:,t ~-"-~ Ye~ 6-11 (d):i~( :'::'#¢" No

!.-:~l I'~d~ A&8 1.50 x .:.:.:.:.:.1: :. " : '~ i~ ~ density

Yes 6-11 (a) i~ j No 6-11 (b) I&l Yes Yes 6-11 (b) l&[ No 6-11 (C) l&', Yes Yes No 6-11 (d) ::..~ & D No :..~:~-.'.~::~.

1 . 5 0 × ., ;" " ~ density ~iii ~i~'::

, ~ '%'i~..'.. ":"~"~ ~'/~:.~ ~..:.~:.

No :~ ii~i~i~?~(a; I ~ i i~iii':" Yes

. h "",Yo ..:gg~ No '*.:.:~!:, 6-11(b) I&, Yes

i • .* -'> ~ %'. :'..";::.-" ~ X e s i!..'?~z. 11 ( b t I & [ "" ":-'b ] ~ . ~ . "~ -r ( c ) l ~ 1 v es

6-11 (a) I&J Yes

No

Yes No Yes No

No

No

Yes No Yes No

No

765

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Table 6- l&.l

Commodity Height Class

Over 12

up to ,and ! No

including 15ft

Yes II No

Yes III No

Yes IV No

Yes

Over 15

up to and I

including 2O ft

I1

Ill

IV

Over 20

up to ,and I

including 25 ft

II

III

IV

de-Row Racks; Rack Depth Over 16 ft or Aisles Narrower than 8 ft, to and 25 ft. Ceiling Sprinkler Water Demand

With In-Rack Sprinklers Without In-Rack Sprinklers Sprinklers

Encap- Mandatory A~ply Apply sulated In-Racks Fig. Curves Fig- 1.25 x Fig. No. Curves 1.25

Denslt~" 6_F~.~ X N 6-9~2 O . Densit~

6-11 (a) No 6-11 (a) I&J Yes No

N o

1 level 6-1 l i e ) No 6-1 l(d)

1 level 6-11 (d)

C&D Yes / I ~ [ I ~ l I I ~ . ' I I / g [ I I I I l l ~ l I I ~ l I / I / , I l l l ~ ! I I l ~ l I l ' t ~ l l ~ r ,

~[, l i ~ I [ ~ l I [ . ' . ~ l I ! . [ , ! ][I 1.50 x

density

No 6-11 (a) No

~ : : C&D Yes .# Yes ~:~-::.

.~iL'. No "~: :"" "~i~i~s

dens

N ~ ~9.~" No i# i~.~i.,. :~:"~~~ ~ ~*°

' ' ~"-":"-~::~ ' Yes

C&D i~>~I o Yes

Yes ~: ~" No ~ 1.50 x

density

Yes 6-11(a) No 6-11 (b) Yes 1 level 6-11 (b) No 6-11(c) Yes 6-11 (c) N o 6-11 (d) Yes 6-11 (d)

No 6-11 (a)

Yes 6-1 .[.-i{:~..~ N o 1 level ~:(1~'~::~

Yes :~.:~ 11 (~.) No 4~ ~::~..J 1 ( ~ii yes "~ .~ '~ ' " No 2 J ~ . , . 6- I']~..~:~, Yes ~ i~.

13.2" Maximum h o r i ~ " ~ ' ~ . ~ ' g on branch lines, in multiple-row racks wida e/{~ ~tiated or nonencapsulated storage up to and including 25 ft (7.6 ; ~ ,hegght, shall not exceed 12 ft ($.7 m) for Class I, II, or Ill col ~ ~ * t s and 8 ft (2.44 m) for Class IV commodities, with area li~ !fixAtions of 100 ft ~ (9.29 m ~) per sprinkler for Class I, II, or I |I com~ iodities and 80 f& (7.45 m 2) per sprinkler for Class IV commodities. The rack plan view shall be considered in determining die area covered by each sprinkler. The aisles shall not be included in area calculations.

[g13.3 A minimum of 6 in. (152.4 ram) shall be maintained between the sprinkler deflector and the top of a tier of storage.

14 Ceiling Sprinkler Water Demand.

j~ ;'" ~:- ::::..

~ i ~i ~

.Y ...,,

614.1 For nonencapsulated Glass I, II, III, or IV commodities, ceiling sprinkler water demand in terms of density (gpm/ft ~) [ ( L / m i n ) / m ~ ] and area of sprinkler operation [f& (m ~) of ceiling or roof] shall be selected from the curves in Figures 6-11 (a) through (d). The curves in Figures 6-11 (a) through (d) also shall apply to portable racks arranged in tile same manner as single-, double-, or multiple-row racks. The design shall be sufficient to satisfy a single point on tile appropriate curve related to the storage configuration and commodity class. It shall not be required to meet all points on the selected curve. Figure 6-9.2 shall be used to adjust

density for storage height unless otherwise specified. (SeeA-6-6.1 and A-6-11.)

{~ 14.2 For encapsulated Class I, II, or Ill commodities with storage height up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) on multiple-row racks, ceiling sprinkler density shall be 25 percent greater than for nonencapsulated commodities on multiple-row racks.

6-14.3 For encapsulated Class IV commodities widl storage height up to and including 25 ft (7.6 m) on multiple-row racks, ceiling sprinkler density shall be 50 percent greater than for nonencapsulated commodities on double-row racks.

766

2 3 1 C i A 9 8 R O P

Chapter 7 Spray Sprinkler Protect ion for Class I, II, III, and IV Commodit ies for Storage over 25 ft in Height (ROP 251C-24)

Part A General

7-1 In-Rack Sprinkler Type. Sprinklers in racks shall be ordinary tempera ture standardl7 . response classification witla nominal" 1/~-in. (12.7-mm) or / ~ - l n . (13.5-mm) orifice size, p e n d e n t or upright. Sprinklers with intermediate tempera ture and h igh temperature ratings shall be used near heat sources as required in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprlnkler Systems. (ROP 231C-1) Exception: Quick-response sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed in Tacks,

7.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing. In-rack sprinklers shall be staggered horizontally and vertically where installed in accordance with Table 7-8.1, Figures 7-8.1(a) dwough (D, and Figures 7-8.3(a)

7.8.1.1 Where a single-row rack is mixed wifla double-row racks, Table 7-8.1 and Figures 7-8.1(a) dwough 7-8.1(j) shall be used. Exception: Figures 7-8.3(a) through 7-8.3(c) shall be permitted to be l~sed for the protection oflhe single-row racks. (ROP 231C-45)

7-8.2 In-rack sprinklers for storage lfigher daan 25 ft (7.6 m) in double-row racks shall be spaced horizontally and located in tl~e horizontal space nearest the vertical intervals specified in Table 7-8.1 and Figures 7-8.1(a) darough (j).

7-8.3* In single-row racks without solid shelves wida storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m) and a maximum of 10 ft (3.1 m) between the top of storage and d~e ceiling, sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Figures 7-8.3(a) dwough (e).

In single-row racks, where figures show in-rack sprinklers in transverse flue spaces centered between the rack faces, it shall be permit ted to position daese in-rack sprinklers in Ode transverse flue at any point between dae load faces. (ROP 231C-48)

d l rough (e). 7-9* Horizontal Barriers and In-Rack Sprinklers. Horizontal - ~ , , , barriers used in conjunct ion widl in-racK sprinklers to impede 7-3 In-Rack Sprinkler Pipe Size. The number ot sprinklers anct m e w~.:c . , ~..~ an• ~l o . . . . . . ..~n ~ . . . . . . . . . . .~ ~# .1. . . . . . . . ~ . ~ . , pipe sizing on a line of sprinklers in racks shall be restricted only by cl~,gu,niaalS~a~ev~.~l J ~an,,~t~lta:]t|m~u/ltxa~eu~l];~nUt;:, . . . . . . ~ta,, wfotlou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c~p.~rtet'!,,: . . . . . . . . . . . . mad width o . . . . . hydraulic c,-uculataons and not by any piping schedule • ' " rack. Barriers shall be fit te~i~.tbin 2~in. (50.8 ram) horizontally

• • • a round rack uprights [ ~ , ~ i" 7-8 1, Figures 7-8 l(a) (g), and (j) 74 In-Rack Spnnkler Water Sh,elds. Water slnelds shall be . " . ~::.[.+:'~"~:7- . " . , ". provided directly above in-rack sprinklers, or listed sprinklers and Figures 7-8.3(c) a ~ ' ~ : ] (R~:~31C-50) equipped wid~ water slfields sllall be orovided where there is more ~ m , ~ , : _ c _ . . _ ~ : ' - , , ~-"::: ~ ~.::-"."a ...... than one level, lI not snleloeo oy laonzontal barriers, t3ee/~-o-q.) ~ - .:-'. "%./::, "-.'::':i:~i:: ,

7.10.1" t The water dd~l~tand for no~.~ibcapsulated storage on racks 7-5 In-Rack Sprinkler Location. In single-row, double-row, or wRhout solid.,,~ig|.v.~ s e p ~ e d by aisles at least 4 ft (1.22 m) wide multiple-row racks, a min imum 6-in. (152.4-mm) vertical clear and widl n ~ . - $ . ~ i ~ i g 3 . 1 m) between dae top of storage and space shall be mainta ined between die sprinkler deflectors and die dae s p r i r ~ k ~ r s ~ l i " ~ f ~ : - s p r i n k l e r s in a 2000-~t ~ (185.8-m ~) top of a tier o f storage. Face sprinklers in such racks sball be opera' t i t~ area, ~ d A a r ~ i n g a min'imum of 0 25 f fom/f t ~ (10 18 - located a min imum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) f rom rack uprights and no L~/m~:~¢:~] for ~ I commodities, 0.3 g p m / f t ~ [(12. [ ` ' more allan l,Sin. (0.46 in) from,d~e aisle, face of storage. L/min)7~j~.: , for C l~!~" : "~d Ill commodities, and 0.35 g p m / f C Longitudinal hue in-racK sprinklers snml De locatect at the l~-(:~..~.20 L / ~ / m ~ l . - . ' ~ i S r Class IV commodit ies for ordinary intersection wid~ fide transverse title space and wida d~e deflector ,::.-ffiii~i~;~rature':~ . .~inklers or a minimum of 0.35 g p m / f t ~ [ (14.26 l o ~ t e d above or below adjacent horizontal rack members. Such in- ...~J" L / ~ ~ ) / m ~ ] ~o":~'~ass I commodit ies 0.40 lzpm/f t~f(16.3 rack sprinklers shall be a min imum of 3 in. from rack uprights. .~l~?-:- L/~).-/..m~'~: f~:'Class II and III commoditi~e's, and 0-.3-5 g p m / f t ~ (ROP 231C-39) *~" '~=~t~g~ '~ : ' . . .~ .~ i /m ~] for Class IV commodit ies for high temperature

~" " '~d s p f ~ ' ~ r s ( See Table 7-8 1 ) (ROP 231C-1) 7-6 In-Rack Sprinkler Discharge. Sprinklers in racks shall ~::,...::, " " " discharge at a rate not less dmn 30 gpm (113.6 L/ra in) for 7- l~0~.!:~?-Wbere storage as described in 7-10.1 is encapsulated, ceiling

s p r i ~ e r density shall be 25 percent greater flaan for nod:~ncapsulated storage.

~ - .-'..!::..-,

chtsses of commodities. (See B-6-8.)

7-7 In-Rack Sprinkler Water Demand. .:;~!:~ ,:-.-.:..,.-.:

The water d e m a n d for sprinklers installed [~."~Zack~'$1mli be%ii~i-:,.,~.:~.~-

. . . . . . . . . . ' E3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

: h ~ u l l ~ l y remote ~.~,~-~ ................... .:. :......:.~,....:~,:, .,:~'.-.':~;~ ~-:~.~. ~ .................. ~

M r ~ :2:2:~:~:.:2:2 L:. ~ ~.~.~.~.~j.i:i ew. B ,ar i ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i~g+': ":*~.::'~.:::~::.-'~. "~i~'..-, ,:.'.'~P . . . . . ..:~:;y. ~:;.;.. ,::.~:...~..,.:, ~ x ::::::~:;:; :+::~

o n l ~ level::|i~ lOstaU.ed.i~ racks ~ ~ [ ' - ' 1 .;.;.;.;.;.;.;_---;.;_---;.;.;.;.;.i.;.: ..-.~:q::::.:.:-x -'-'::::~-'::.~::::." ~- %: ~:~ 5:5:5:5:5:E:E:~:E:~:E:E:E:E:E:E:E:

'~:';~.:':..':~::.~...:~:":~ "::::~ii~-:::i~ .v.:.v.-.~::.v.v.v.~

~ . t w ~ ' ~ : . l e v e l s : i ~ l , ere more I A i - i ] D A I :.y.y.y z ;z :...........:

. . . . . ;:.:.::': r - l r - - I L :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: s p r i n l ~ l e r ~ : ' : ~ : " o n eacb ~ o top levels) wbere E [ I I I .............. "_-:::i .............. "

'r~'.~;~t:.racks widl Class IV commodities, r - I ] 1 - ~ ~ l I I I -Barriers shown with "~

7-7.1 based on simultaneous operation of the most sprinklers as follows:

(a) Six sprinklers where only one Class I, II, or III commodities.

(b) Eight sprinklers wllere with Class IV commodities.

(c) Ten sprinklers (five daan one level is installed i commodit ies .

(d) Fourteen more tllan one level is instalh

.,,.,-x.. x:.ii:" -:~,~'..~:'::-"

6":" Part B Double- and Single-Row Racks

7-8 In-Rack Sprinkler Location•

7-8.1" In double-row racks wid~out solid shelves and with a maximum of 10 ft (3.1 m) between dae top of storage and the ceiling, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance wid~ Table 7-8.1 and Figures 7-8.1 (a) through 0). The highest level of in- rack sprinklers shall be not more dmn 10 ft (3.1 m) below the top of storage. (See Section 7-9.) (ROP 231C-77)

E

background Plan view Elevation

Note: 1. Symbol X indicates in-rack sprinklers.

Figure 7-8.1(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I commodities, storage height 25 ft to maximum 30 ft (7.6 m to 9.1 m). (ROP 231C-

45)

767

N F P A 231C ~ A98 R O P

Commodi ty Class

Table 7-8.1 Double-Row Racks without Solid Shelves, In-rack sprinklers - - approximate

verticm spacing at tier nearest the vertical distance and maximum Fig.

horizontal spacing ~a No.

Longitudinal Flue ~ Face ~'~ Vertical 20 ft Horizontal 10 ft None 7-8.1(a)

I under horizontal barriers Vertical 20 ft Vertical 20 ft 7-8.1 (b) Horizontal 10ft Horizontal 10 ft Vertical 10 ft or at 15 ft & 25 ft N o n e 7-8.1 (c) Horizontal 10 ft Vertical 10 ft Vertical 30 ft 7-8.1 (d) Horizontal 10 ft Horizontal 10 ft

I, 11, & Ill Vertical 20ff Vertical 2oft 7-8.1(e) Horizontal 10 ft Horizontal 5 ft Vertical 25 ft Vertical 25 ft 7-8.1 (f) Horizontal 5 ft Horizontal 5 ft Horizontal barriers at 20 ft Vertical intervals - - 2 lines of sprinklers 7-8.1(g) under barriers - - maximum horizontal spacin~ 10 ft staggered Vertical 15 ft Vertical 20 ft 7-8.1 (b) Horizontal 10 ft Horizontal 10 ft

I, II, II1, Vertical 20 ft Vertical 20 ft 7-8.1(i) & IV Horizontal 5 ft Horizontal 5 ft

Horizontal barriers at 15 ft Vertical intervals - - 2 lines of sprinkler 7-8.1 (j) under barriers - - maximum horizontal spacing 10 ft staggered

For SI I_ nits: 1 ft = 02 m Notes: ~:

M a x i m u m Storage Height

ilgher than 25 ft, Aisles 4 ft or Wider

Stagger

Ceiling Ceiling Sprinkler Density Sprinkler Operat ing Clearance s

up to 10 ft ~ 165 ° 286 °

3Oft

Higher daan 25ft

30ft

Higher d~an 25ft

Higher dm .r~. 25 ft ....#:'

No

Yes 2O00

0.25 0.35

0.25 0.35

Yes 0.30 0.40

Yes 0.30 0.40

Yes ~ 2 0 0 0 ~ 0.30 0.40

No ~ i : . : 0.30 0.40

Yes ..s.:-i-:: ::~''''~ "~:'% 0.30 0.40

.... :@" Yes I ' 0A5 ~.. . , : : : : . : ......... ~ii!!.:!:. 0.35

~ : o :'':':~:~:~;I~ ~ e 0.35 0.45 "-%~.~.

"~%,~ Yes %.~:: ~: '~ 0.55 0.45

~Minimum in-rack sprinkler discharge, 30 gpm (2.1 bar) ~Vater shields requlred (see Section 6-4 and Section 7-4). SInstall sprinklers at least 3 in. (76.2 mm) f rom uprigh.t~; 4Clearance is distance between top of storage and c$:.~.[~:! 5For encapsulated commodity, increase density 25 ~ ' r ~ ~See A-7-8.3, A-7-9, ,and A-7-10.1 for protection r :~omm 7Face sprinklers shall no t be required for a ~ ! ~ o r m

combustible containers) except for arrays showg/~m Fi~,~r,e 81n Figures 7-8.1 (a) d l rough 7-8.1 (j), eac~-~uar~i~.geores,

~ . - l ~ load heights can vary from approximately ~ii~.4,0..4.~.).. six or seven loads between in-rack sprinklers t l ~ space¢

9All in-rack sprinkler spacing dim (ROP 231C-37, 231C~39- 231C-44, 231( ~: 'f " : ~

s tar t~.~.~. file....,

..~5ns where clearance is greater tiaan 10 ft (3.05 m). ~y. consisting of noncombust ib le products on wood pallets (witilout i ~ . . . . ~ d Figure 7-8.1 (j).

a ~ r a g e cube measuring 4 ft to 5 ft (1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual ["~J ft (3.05 m). Therefore, fllere could be as few as one load to as many as ft (3.05 m) apart vertically.

'~i~!:!:!.'.-.. e.

768

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

8 E

D

mE]

2rR i r E]i

C]E] D D DE3

Face sprinklers

, '( /~i

! i Elevation Plan vlew


required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage. 2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 shall be reouired where loads labeled C

or D represe~ 3. Sprinklers lal

E or F repre,< 4. For storage I

defined by N 5. Symbol ,~ or

Figure 7-8.1 (b) storag

,D .D

8 Elevation Plan view (A or B)

Notes: 1. Alternate location of in-rack sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed above loads Aand C or above loads B and D. 2. Symbol Z~ or X indicates sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

Figure 7-8.1(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, or III commodities, storage height 25 ft to maximum 30 ft (7.6 m to 9.1

m). (ROP 231C-45)

Face sprinklers F

Plan view

shall be required where loads labeled A storage. and 2 shall be required where loads labeled of storage.

,2, and 3 shall be required where loads labeled of storage.

,2, 3, and 4 shall be required where loads )sent top of storage. ,2, 3, 4, and 5 shaU be required where loads i top of storage. :han represented by loads labeled H, the cycle 4, and 5 is repeated with stagger as indicated.

;prinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where of unwrapped or unpackaged metal parts on

ates sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

ack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, or HI ;e height over 25 ft (7.6 m). (ROP 231C-45)

769

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 ROP

e

A

s

Face sprinklers v

In-rack levels labled 1 and 2 are shown in this plan view

E l e v a t i o n P lan v i e w


E]E

F

S

2Dxr-q x

: 1 x ] , ~ ,

Face sprinklers

required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage. ..:~ i~i~i~!~.~ '''"~i~, 2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C :::" %iii.?.:?:::.. Elevatt~'l,,.,...:~:- P lan v i e w

or D re•resent top of storage. ~iliiii:'~:,. ~!":~ 3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled E ..:::::~!ii!~es: ":~::- . . . . . $::-"

or F represent top of storage. .~:#~" :1::-~.~. p r i n k l e r s ' : ~ i : l 1 (the selected array from Table 7-10.1) shall be 4. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled F, the cycle .i~i~i~ili::. .,i~:.9uire~ wh. .~ loads labeled A or B represent top of storage.

defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. :~:: ~'%ii~i~::~ ~ : - " ~ . . e . " ~ . I";~lbeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C S o tes o or D ~ s e n t top of storage 5. ymbol A r X indica sprinklers n vertical or horizontal s t a g g ~ "~! i~ i ~7~"'!"~

.i~': ":"::!~.~':~;~ "%~:..Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled E .~i~i ? . . . . . . :~ i " ~ i : . ~ s e n t top of storage.

Fi re 7-8 l 'e~ In rack s - r i nk le r ar ranoement Class I ~ q I :~" 4 .i~f~r nklers abe ed 1 and 4 sha be requ red where ends labe ed F tgu • t # - F, , ~:.- ;'~ ..i.s -:~ ~-" .t" ~ or G represent top of stora e commodi t i e s s torage height over 25 ft (7.6 m). ( R O ~ 2 3 1 ~ : ~ "? " g • o o ...--i:'.'-~'!~, ~ ~'.-'.:~. 5. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled G, the cycle

.~~:':~"~""::":'~'~ "::~!.-:.~:., .,t.- defined by Notes 2, 3, and 4 is repeated. • ~-:..~:~: .:.-=i::.. "::'%~!'~" 6. Symbol X indicates face and in-rack sprinklers.

...... ::.:~:::. ":~i~::, ..# ii::~ Figure 7-8.1 (f) In-rack spr inkler a r rangement , Class I, II, or III .::~!-:."::~:~i~!!:'.:. "~!~::.....:.~-~:" commodi t i es , s torage height over 25 ft (7.6 m). (ROP 231C-45)

+.~-:: ::i~ ~:~.~.:~:.::~$<~

":" "::'~i~:':.:'..-,., ~.:~ <::-'

@"

7 7 0

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

E]E3 ~E'-] ~ B a r r t e r

a ~ \ F

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ............. ~::: ~ ............

........... ! :!i!~!:l . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[~]~ i [ ~ D rrier ~ A ~ i E ::i:::../:::,i:i:i ...... S ~ ~ : : i ~ !: L

E

-Barners shown with background

Elevation Plan view

Notes:

½ r qFq 9 ~ F a

x 7 D x D I

k

" N N .......

I required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage, iiil Face sprinklers 2. Sprfnkrers labeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C ii!!:: f ~ ~t '~

or D represent top of storage. ,A~.....: ~ : ' ~ i 11 ~ 3. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled E ilii ! ~ . ~ , x , ~ ;

or F represent top of storage• :.. i~ ~ E ~ . ~ 4. For storage higher than represented by loads tabeled F. the cycle .... ! D i i : : B D I ' , L 1

defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeateo. ~ 1 : : .... ~ " ~ e 5. Symbols O, A. and X indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal If" r x ~

stagger~ s I I

Figure 7-8.1(g) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, q~:_.'~iY~iiiii!~:. :.. 1 x ~ : E ~ a ~ Z I commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m). (ROP 231:..'~5) ~:i~i'i~i~; x~EZI~ S ~ x ~

'::-i.:-:'~-... --~::~ j ~ A ~ ]

.-~ • E l e v a t i o n P lan v iew

1. Sprinklers labeled 1 (the selected array from Table 7-10.1) shall be iiiiii i required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage.

::ilil i 2. Sprinklers labeled 1 and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C f ~ i i i i i i ii '::i:-..-ii::i::ii .... or D represent top of storage.

....:.:. "::iii::::iiii::iii:::::ii!:::" 3. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, and 3 shall be required where loads labeled ~i i i i l ........... E orF represent top of storage.

4.: ii~i~.~...J ;~iii!::" 4. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, and 4 shall be required where loads "::i~iiiiiiiiii;::i I labeled G represent top of storage.

%%.....:.:. 5. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 shall be required where loads ':::::::::::: .... labeled H represent top of storage. ~i~-':" 6. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, and 6 (not 5) shall be required where

loads labeled I or J represent top of storage. 7. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 shall be required where loads

labeled K represent top of storage. 8. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 shall be required where loads

labeled L represent top of storage. 9. Sprinklers labeled 1,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 shall be required where

loads labeled M or N represent top of storage. 10. For storage higher than represented by loads labeled N, the cycle

defined by Notes I through 9 is repeated, with stagger as indicated. In the cycle, loads labeled M are equivalent to loads labeled A.

11. Symbols O, X, and ,~ indicate sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

Figure 7-8.1(h) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Class I, II, lII, or 1V commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m). (ROP 231C-45, 231C-

46)

771

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A98 R O P

rq r-qE]

e

'8 ol-ql-q E]xE] X

; I--II--I

V] V]V]

Face sprinklers / Z ", ',

× X

l X

~E3 E 3 ~

Elevation Plan view (1 and 3)


required where loads labeled A or B represent top of storage. 2. Sprinklers labeled I and 2 shall be required where loads labeled C

or D represent top of storage. 3, Sprinklers labeled 1 and 3 shall be required where loads labeled E


defined by Notes 2 and 3 is repeated. 5. Symbol X indicates face and in-

F'~gure 7-8.10) In-rack sprinkler = commodities, storage height ow

~ [--~--Barrier Face sprinklers.

2 o e ~ ...... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i . ~

Nrq i 'DG N NN A e ~Tj a iii

r I i:: s ~ \ ~ ~7:1 ............. s ........ iii ..............

I I E I I I I ~ E t~ii~:::~

r--~ r-7 ~ ~ ~ U L ~ ~.~ ~Barrierssh'ownwith -~

~ i i ; : background Elevation ~ : : """ Plan view

Notes: ,* :~li "%iii~:~,, 1. Sprinklers labelf~..i~ (~'~'~select~..~ay.;~om Table 7-10.1) shall be

required where~:~.lab'eled A o~:"~.~'esent top of storage• 2. Sprinklers labeled 1"~'~ 2 and bar..r~'~ labeled 1 shall be required

where !eled C ~resent t6p of storage. 3. Sprink ~ " . - ' ~ d 1 and 3, shall be required where

or E '~ i~ l~ '~ top of storage.

Io~%1

Ioa...~/ labe|i'~ 4. F~lorage t~ ter than represented by loads labeled E, the cycle

~ f i ~ : . b y N~ ~ 3 is repeated. 5. S y m ~ : p r n ~ ' ~ s sprinklers on vertical or horizontal stagger.

.,,~""4~fl'~'?~'Y m b ° i ' ~ ' % i i i : . . !!.e~'longitudinalZ" flue space sprinklers.

, w~:.~,~_ ~.~.~)...,...:=_:...'.-~" In-rack sprinkler, arrangement, Class I, II, In, or IV ~ . ~ o m m ~ H e s , storage height over £~ ft (7.6 m). (ROP ~$1C-45)

"~i~.'.', :~" • . . < ~ -

Y

A #

.- g!$.'.-.:.-.-'..,

7 7 2


0

0 []

E] E ],,~o~ '" .~-:-% E-1 E] .,,.E,, ~ i , E]

0 E] 0 E] . , ~ ~ N,..~. ~:: E] I-1 c: l ,~...d "%-,.,:%,:.E .:] ...... '''~" c-~ - - '%!~., ~ ' -

Elevalion Plan view . ~ : ; :~]:'.:~ . . . . . E'J'evalion Plan view

tier ana staggerea as inalcated. .,..-..<:~:.~ "~i~]] to 5":~.~'~5 m to 1.56 m) on a siae. 2. Symbol A or X indicates sprinklers on vertical or horizontal staa.~lg":~'~%-'.:i'~:;. :$~.'.::i::'.. "::'~%i~:J~.-::~:...::.-. 3. Each square in the figure represents a storage cube meas.~..,~."g 4 ft "~i: ~ . ~ 7-&3(b) Class 1, I ] , or I I ] commodi t ies, ia-rack spr inkler

to 5 ft (1.25 m to 1.56 m) on a side. ~ .~:-:: a ~ g e m e n t , single-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7 .6 m) . .... " "%:'~.:-'~:Mj ~" " ( R O P 231C-48)

Figure 7-8.3(a) Class I, If, III, or IV commodities, ~ s p r i ~ . arrangement, single-row racks, storage height os:~:25 J'i~-~7.6 m)~i;:..~:.-:-

( R O P 231 C-48) ..:dii!:' @~ . . . . . . ":i~ "~::

,j.:_.:.::. ":~!!@~..:,.:. ,;I.':" .-::i~:" %$.::/:: ":: ~.:.:-::':':'.:~::...-:i:: "

. ~'/':'" " " x::~i..: "~i~i~..:: ...... g

773

NFPA 231C --A98 ROP

~] j -Barr i er

5 D D

l ~ r ~ l-bA--,:.~-.:. [ ]

D D :,'40 '%-----~(]

(ROP 231C-48) .x ":;~" ":'%~:::':'~;:~" a en t s. row } ~ p ~olr~c_4es) e, t ove t m

774


j / - Barrier

0 j ~ B a r d e r

Part C Multiple-Row Racks

7-11" In-Rack Sprinkler Location° In multiple-row racks with a maximum of 10 ft (3.1 m) between the top of storage and the ceiling, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed as indicated in Figures 7- l l ( a ) , (b), and (c). The lfighest level of in-rack sprinklers shall be not more than 10 ft (3.1 m) below maximum storage height for Class I, II, or Ill commodities or 5 ft (1.52 m) below the top of storage for Class IV commodities. (See Table 7-11.)

7-12 In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing. Maximum horizontal spacing of sprinklers in multiple-row racks wid~ storage lfigher than 25 ft (7.6 m) shall be in accord,'mce wid~ Figures 7-11(a), (b), and (c).

x u.

~ B a r r i e r ~ ~ ~

[ ] [ ] .~-"~ - r - - -

[] Barrier , , _ / ~ ~ a

,, ,ono oo . . - , Bard ~ ] i i ! '%.~. 0 . 0 [] [] [] [] -_--L background "::~ :"$ .- .... ~-~i ~ "~ ' ' ' '~

x ..... ::-:-. ~-;.'~."-:~-'.. .."-~" Elevation Plan view . ~ @ , . , ; ~ , . . ~ . . . . ,~ . . . . . ,,, . . . . . . . = . . . . ~ . . . .

Notes: .#.:::~, ' ~ , , ~=,,#~,==,0,~o=~ ,o~.,,~.,o,~..,=,.~. square ft ~':.'4:~., ,-:. :-: . 1. Each in the figure represents a storage cube measuring 4 ,.£'~i

to 5 ft (1.25 m to 1.56 m) on a side. ":6f~:.~a~= In-rack sprinkler arrangement multiple-row r a c k s ~ i

"~'~-. Ch I commodiues, s t • race height over 25 ft ('7 6 m).

Figure 7-8.3(e) Class I, II, lII, or IV commodities, in-rack "~ : - '* : arrangement, single-row racks, storage height over 25 f

( R O P 231C-48) .....

Table In-Rack . ~ . e r s ~ : x-:. :.:..::- ~ ,- - ~ . . " .~:~ -:.::.~. "iii~.::

"~f.~:x ~:~.':~

• ~ i ~ : M ~ . . m . 'f~:: l~fi~ximum Ap~ro~.i.ma'~ i i - ~ ~ r i z ' ~ ! Ii!Horizontal

~ . 0 ~ %~.p.acing ..... Spacing Height ""'~:" Across Limit Commodi ty Encap-..::i-i~';S p a c ! ~ i ] ~ . . ~ e Flue

Class sulated.:'ii~!~:.. (ft):~: '<"{-'!"~-f0 (ft) (ft)

Yes ":::"~i!iiiiii~:i

2 5 f t .

Maximum Spacing

from Top of Storage Ceiling to Highest Sprinkler

In-Rack Operating Sprinklers Area 165 ° 286 °

Stagger Fig. No. (ft) (ft ~) Rating Rating 7.11 (a) 10 0.25 0.35

0.31 0.44 ~:~$.:'..:~:-..~ <. Between

:~::"~.~::." adjacenl I, IX, & l l I No 15#."*- 10 10 None flues 7-11(b) 10 2000 0.30 0.40

Yes 0.37 0.50 I, II, llI, & IV No 10 10 10 7.11 (c) 5 0.35 6.45

Yes 0.44 0.56 .its:

NOTES: 1

aAll four rack faces shall be protected by sprinklers located wifllin 18 in. of file faces, as indicated in Figures %11 (a), (b), and (c). It shall not be required for each sprinkler, level to protect all faces. ( See A-7-11.)

~AII in-rack sprinkler spacing dimensions start f rom die floor.

(ROe 231C-44)

775

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

L ~ ~

i o . o ~ m )

~q 0~0 r~ 0---c-- o,m m9

. . . . /Z, mo.o o,o roD+ " ' O00000O

000000~,____ onoono l

Chapter 8* Spray Spr inkler Pro tec t ion for Plast ic C o m m o d i t i e s ( R O P 231 C-24)

8-1 General . For d~e storage of Group A plastics s tored 5 ft (1.5 m) or less in height , die spr inkler design criteria for miscellaneous storage spedf ied in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be used.

8-1.It Plastics in corrugated cartons shall be pro tec ted in accordance wida Figure 8-1.1. This decision tree also shall be used to de te rmine protect ion for commodit ies dial are not entirely Group plastics bu t conta in such quanti t ies and ~ g e m e n t s of Group A plastics daat daey are deemed more hazardous d~an Class IV commodit ies .

, t / O ~ t ~ A O m u p B G m ~ 6 I Clag~ IV Class III I-IOMMOnO ...-~o.., ' .....

~ l V o m ]

o o o o o o 0 1 01.L <+-

O J I t ~ +:":::::::::::" ( t~d* ~.~O~i":'-':::!~.:..

I Sp'lr~d ~ $ ~bded 1 ~ d 2 shah ~ ~equ.ed I ICes I~Oeled A d~med b f Ncl~ 2 w ~ 3 Is , ~ m d . w~h ~ i ~ ~ ~dlcm e~ E g ~ # l d ~ o f +g~:ee-~.~::..'~;.

I +,-~i:: "% < % , , I t # - .-':...:.-'.:, :" "::~i~i!i~:i:::!-:

S t a l ~ F r * e I l o w i ~ Figure 7-11 (b) In-rack spr inkler a r rangement - - multlple-row racks, - n . . . . " v "''!~::" ~::" • . . f i gu re 8-2 (P ~t-I), ~ms$ ": :~:x .<:.':~

~'lass I, II, or III commodmes , storage hetght over 25 ft (7.6 m). vs.,.a+~.~ ,::::.:.~:. .... ":%:. ""

..::-~#" ":%..::.. Figure 8-1", 1 Decision tree. ~,~ ,~ ,o+~s ..4 .:;':: :"~ ":..'.'.-. "::~i~: •

ff-I M'[--] [--14-] 0 4 ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( R O P 2 + + ~ + 3 ) "+-k::...e: .... i-i+~-i i-'-i ~l-i i-l~+--i t-', + ,~4)lllY~. s m l~ i~ l 1.2. m e 4 ~ I=e le~ll,~(i II i(:mds m+:'~+.'~+:,'. $~'~:~

-- - - M ~ l m u m t h e c p ~ ¢ l ~ I m e d ~ N n l ~ t ~ d 2 s r ~ a l o d ,mt~m~ll~ll ,~.:e -- : ":-~. ~< ~ .:.'. .- . . . . H~--] ]-J~[]-Jxl'-i-M ,,(,0=, . . . . . . ' :..!y+" g£|~j~: Group ~ i ~ t a c s and f ree-f lowng Group A plasucs shall be A~-IH,M I - ~ - I M + M ~,,,c . . . . :,s~,,~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ % p r o ~ t e d d2e s ~ as Class IV commodit ies .

] - ] ~ ]-]xE] ] - - ]~ [~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ".";+ ' ~ g ~ l ; ~ - ' - " : ~ ~ . : d plastics shall be pro tec ted die same as Class llI

• / -7 , , - - ~ ~*:+'+" :s.::i*.: 8~ii~;~.: .:.~eiling sprinklers shall have an orifice size larger daan . . . . . . . .~£~i;~ ~i~ ~ ori~v'.~:":::':l/2 in. and be rated e i ther ordinary, intermediate, or h igh

[~lxE] ['-]x[~ [-]x[~] D ~ ~!~ii!:'::~..::#'~" t e ~ ' e r a t u r e . ['2][-']['-]['-'][--']["/] ~ . . . . , , ~ ..::~.:.:'~ii]i-::.. " " ~ : " Exception No. 1: For densities of O.3O gpm/ft 2 [(12.2 L/min) /m 2 ] or less [._]xF] [_]]_.] F_]xF] [.}s ~i~]~2!~ + +~#::::"':':~::!:!!~?:. "::~'~?'.'.:'.:.:.'.- ...... '~2-in. (12.7-tara) orifice sprinklers shall be permitted. - - - - A - - - - A - - - - , - - 2 ::i.:.:, v ,,. "~iii-;-'~::~.:::" . . .

/ i ' - I I"-I i'-'I F1 i ' - I i"-I i"3 -::-::': ~:- -:, S:~:" Except+on No. 2: H+gh temperature eprmklers shall be used where / L - -U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~:~:~.+'::~:::. "::::::::.. " : : : : . -::::" - . - - - - - - . • ~,~,,*~ . . . . . . . . ~:::"":~:+:.'~::, -:i~:~::.. 'S~S:. ":: required b~ NFPA 13, Standard for the Installatwn of Stmnkler S~stems.

I tl I I I U I I I I II ,::.:.:.:.:.:.. :.:-:.,.-.x..:.. :.:.:,~ . . . . . . a' "%-,. + 7 (goP.,c+4)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] D . Z + F ~+~++:?"+::%+ "::~++":" 8-1.5 In-Rack Sprinklers. ~o.~ . . . . . . ::~!sis~!~!~::.. ++]~:.-+.:+.:..,, +:-, ...#"

~::+' "::<~:i:~::- :~:-::::':"::~i:.-:::::::,. '~::':. " . . ":::'~!:~:!:.:::.:.:~::" "~::!:!:i~-'.:'-~" 8-1.5.1 In-Rack Sprinkler Classification. Sprinklers m racks shall Figure 7-11(c) In-rack sprin . M . . ¢ ~ e + ' ~ , Cla~:s"::~l~II, III, or IV be ordinary temp'erature s tandard response classification. commodit ies - - multipl-es.r::.6~" rac~i i s to ra '+~i~ . ' t~ t over 25 ft (7,6 Exception No. I: High temperature sprinklers shall be used as specified

..::'~i]!ii~iii .... m)~i~'~ '~:~::" in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. ,:¢. -.::::::::::::. .:~$:" : : : : , . , .

7-13 Ceiling Sprinkler WateF:~:~.~.nd. Exception No. 2: Qmck-response sprmklers shall be permitted to be "::--~i+::'::. installed in racks.

7-13.1 The water d e m a n d for t : i : ~ c , + p s u l a t e d storage on racks widiout solid shelves separated b y ' + ' ~ at least 4 ft (1.22 m) wide 8-1.5.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Pipe Size. Tbe n u m b e r of sprinklers and and widl no t more dm n 10 ft (3.1 ~ between die top of storage and die pipe sizing on a line of sprinklers in racks shall be restricted die sprinklers shall be based on spritaklers in a 2000-1~t ~ (185.8-m ~) only by file bydraulic calculations and not by any piping scbedule. opera t ing area for multiple-row racks, discharging a m i n i m u m of 0 25 ~ m / f t ~ r q 0 19 L / m i n X / m ~ for Class I commodit ies 0 3 8-1.5.$ In-Rack Spnnk le r Water Shields. Where in-rack sprinklers +-Z"m~t~/~'1 o ~ L')min~/~m ~ ~]for Class II and Ill commodit ies and are no t shie lded ~oy horizontal barriers, water shields shall be

~ t t~#.r~ ~/~6 ~///~. J ] ~ for C . . . . . . . . modi . . . . Z . provided above die sprinklers or listed sprinklers equipped wifli ( ~ . ~ 5 ~ p l l l / / + t [ I~ l '~ l ' . g* k ~ / l l l l I l l / l l l I lk' l d l ~ I V U U I U UC~ ru t water shields shall be used. ordinary tempera ture rated sprinklers or a m i n i m u m of 0.35 g p m / f t ~ [(14.26 L / m i n ) / m ~] for Class I commodities, 0.40 g p m / f t ~ [(16.8 L / m i n ) / m ~] for Class II and III commodities, and 0.45 g p m / f t ~ [(18.3 L / m i n ) / m ~] for Class IV commodit ies for h igh tempera ture rated sprinklers. (See Table 7-11.) (ROP 231C-1)

7-13.2 Where such storage is encapsulated, ceiling spr inkler density shall be 25 percent greater dl,an for nonencapsu la ted storage.

8-1.5.4 In-Rack Sprinkler Clearance. Tile m i n i m u m of 6-in. (152.4- mm) vertical clear space sball be main ta ined between die sprinkler deflectors and file top of a t ier of storage.

8-1.5.5 In-Rack Sprinkler Water Demand. The water d e m a n d for sprinklers installed in racks shall be based on s imultaneous opera t ion of d ie most hydraulically remote sprinklers as follows:

(a) Eight sprinklers where only one level is installed in racks.

(b) Four teen sprinklers (seven on each top two levels) where more allan one level is installed in racks.

8-1.5.6 Chapters 1 th rougb 5 apply to plastics storage.

7 7 6


8-2 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks - - Storage up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m) - - Clearances up to and Including 10 ft {3.1 I l l ) .

8-2.1 Ceiling Sprinkler Water Demand. For Group A plastic commodit ies in cartons, encapsula ted or nonencapsu la ted in single- , double-, and multiple-row racks, ceiling sprinkler water d e m a n d i n tenus of density ( g p m/ f t ~) [ ( L / m i n ) / m ~ ] and area of openation [ft ~ (me)] shall be selected f rom Figure 8-2 Parts (a) t h rough (g). Linear interpolat ion of design densities and areas of applicat ion sb,'dl be permi t ted between storage heights with the same clearances. No in terpola t ion between clearances shall be permit ted.

8-2.1.1 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks - - 5-ft to 10-ft (1.25-m to ~3.l-m) Storage with 1 ~/'~-ft to 10-ft (0.5-m to 3. l-m) Clearance. The protect ion strategies utilizing only ceiling sprinklers, as shown in Figure 8-2 Part (a), shall be acceptable for single- and double-row rack s torage with 4-ft (1.22-m) or greater aisles and for multiple-row storage.

8-2.1.2 Single- and Double-Row Racks I 15-ft (4.6-m) Storage with Less than 5-ft (1.25-m) Clearance. The protect ion strategy utilizing only ceiling sprinklers, as shown in Figure 8-2 Part (b), shall be acceptable only for single- and doul)le-row rack storage with 8-ft (2.4-m) aisles. For 31/~-ft ( l -m) aisles, a density of 0.60 glom/ft 2 [(24.5 L/min ) /m ~] and an ,area of application of 1500 ftZ(139.5 m e) shall be nsed. For aisle widths of 3~/~ f t t o 8 ft (1 m to 2.4 m), a direct lin ear interpolat ion shall be permit ted between densities and areas of application.

8-2.1.3 Single- and Double-Row Racks - - 15-ft (4.6-m) Storage with 10-ft (3.l-m) Clearance; 20-ft (6-m) Storage with Less than 5-ft (1.25-

0.30 gpm per fix / 2000 ftX 0.45 gpm per tt~ / 2000 ftX (12.2 L/min per m x / 1 8 6 rex) (18.3 IJmin per mX/186 mX) < 5-1t (1.52-rn) el~araneo < S-It (1.52-m) to 10-tt (3~05-m)

clearance

o to to O tO tO o to IO so OiOO IOo E3E3

la i e ~ w ~ ' ' : : ~ ' : i i ~ .... [ J ~ ~ ~

I ~Q~~ O I~ O t O P n ' . . ~ . :~ : ' ..... Planview

Clearance. Tile protect ion strategies utilizing only ceiling ...... . ...... sprinklers, as shown in Figures 8-2 Parts (c) and (d), shall be .... "iiiiiii?:i~ .... Elev~t|.o.n Elevation acceptable only for single- and double-row rack storage with 8-ft :::"" ":'~:.::.!'-"s:- %?.:...:::3- (2.4-m) aisles. In-rack sprinkler protect ion shall be re ' ]uired for . "::%~-~:~ ":~::: aisles less d l a n 8 ft (2.4 n l ) i n width. . : : : - i ~ Fi~u~(}~..Part l i~ 5-ft (1 .52-m)to 10-ft (3.05-m)storage.

Where utilizing dae strategies for only ceiling pr ink ers, as snown .:-:-~-::" "i-ii:'.-:: "-i{~! ::~ in Figure 8-2 Parts (c) and (d) cohnnn steel shall be protec ted in .~j'.:-:::. ~!~[.::::::::.. % :¢::" accordance with 3-2 3(a) or (b). (ROP 231C-61) * "g~'~m#:'~.~*'~'~" ~0~ . . . . . . . . . . .

• ~ : : : : . - : . . ~ x - t " ' ~ - a l ~ e a 2 1 a SlmNot 2 8-2.1.4 Muluple-Row Racks - - 15-ft (4.6-m) Storage with Less .t~.an:~i~:".:'!~. "-::~::..:i.:: . . . . ~ f t (1.25-m) Clearance. The pro tec t ions t ra tegyut i l i z ing on!~i~eiling~"~ [ ' ~ { ~ ! ~ l - ] ~ ~ F'] I"]l-"] I - ' ]7"- I [ T T T ' ] sprinklers, as shown in Figure 8-2 Part (b), shall no t be p : ~ t e d A~:: ~ : i : : i ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ i N ' * ~ ~ for mu~iple_row rack storage. The density to be used shMI b~i~'..¢~.£ v L Y t...Jt._l ~ ~ L_I L.JL3 t_..L.L2 Ll....l_a_2 g p m / f t z [(24.5 L / m i n ) / m z] o v e r 2 0 0 0 f e ( i86 ,n~) . ~ : : , " ~ [ l - ] ; I - - l [ - - l ; I ' - Y - I - - 1 ; [ - Y - l - - ~ [ ] ~ [ ] . [ - q : ~ [ ~ [ ] [ ~ I : ] combina t ion of ceiling and in-rack sprinklers s p e c . ~ d "i~i::i~Figure " ~ ......... [-'] ~ [ ] [ ] ~ ~ ~ ~ [ ] g [ ] [ ] ~ [ - T ' ] - ] ~ Part (b) shall be permit ted as an alternative. :::# :::.:.. ""~i~":'~" n ~ n n ~ n-n t mn-n n ~ n n ~ n-n ~

8-2.1.5 Multiple-Row Racks - - 15-rt (4.6-m) S t ~ j ~ a . ' t ~ i i i ~ [ , (~i~.mf" I:~ ,~ ~ " ~ Clearance; 20-ft (6-m) Storage with Less th.a.n 5-ft ( ' i ~ ) ~ea~: i : e . ~" ~"~" The protect ion strategies utilizing only c ~ - ~ p r i n k l ~ . , a s s~f~wn [ - ' ] , n [ " l . I '- ' ]--[-q, ~ n , n o , ~ - ~ , in Figure 8-2 Pm-ts (c) and (d), shall # be ~ m i t t e d ~ ] ? ~ l t i p l e - ~ 7 ~ , ~ i:~ ~ n * n ] ~ ~ ~ : : ~ . . . . . . . . t. o~ . . . . . Onl,, *he s~o~i f iea . .~mbin~.~os o¢ ~ei/f~~ and ;n ~ ~ , ,t...a ~ ~ ~ ~ L..J t , ,t...a ~ t...a...L.a ~ t....t...a....a--~ rack sprinklers shall be used. ":-:::"'":~..-:.-'!.".".".:::....::~!~:3....~.-'::~i. ~" [ ] tO [~ F'~ [] [][] F]-F]

~:.::::..::.:. "::"~i!!!i~. "~;$iii#:" ~.~,~ t~,~.~ .~-:~':':"::"%~i~i', "%~i::i .... Part b: 15-ft (4.57-m) storage.

..:~-ii: .... ::::~i~ '::"iiii~iii~!:::::-:-"-::::" < 5-ft (1.52-m) clearance• .-s ~.-'::"iii!ii~ . . . . . :i~::-:: )"::iiii::: (ROP 231060)

" : : : : : : : ;,~ ::" 060 m ~ ¢ ~ 1 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 030 p~ i~I / 20t10 fix

..:~::" s ~ e - 2 1 s m a ~ - 2 1 s Se,= N=, ~ mm ~ m

ooo=

m

O~OO ~ ~ Ft-t-O

O tO M-M E I ~

D O r-r-r-r-1 O M r-r-vr-1

123 12Z1123 ~ ~

Figure 8-2 Part c: 15-ft (4.57-m) storage. 5-ft (1.52-m) to 10-ft (3.05-m) ceiling clearance.

(ROP 231 C-60)

7 7 7

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

oeo p = , x ~ * o o o , x 04~ pm , x ~2ooo.x (245~tn~mX/312mx) (le 3 1 ~ m p... mx / l ms rex)

o o o o + + + + O OO FFn FTTT]

oo FrT~ B BB B+B B~

[] OO Fin [EZ~ [] OO I-O-I

°°'~n~i oBi i IBEB OO~FFO OO FFFO

030 gpm I ~ flZ J ~0OO n.( tl 2 2 L+mtn I ~ mx / 186 m= 1

See No~e 3 e " (z 44 mJ mare ~ m m s~m+d++ + +Oo ++ ++ ~ n ~ ° ~

~ a m v ~ w

oo

OioOoOi "( [] ~n~T]~[

Figure 8-2 Part d: 20-ft (6.]0-m) stora~ clearance.

(ROP 231 C-60)

045 ~ ~llt t t l ~ L~00 +11 o3G I (re 3~,n ~s~ r e x / I ~ rex)

+oO+n o

[] oo ++Bo°+

[] O + FFFn +:'~;+++...O..+~:..+~" n - - n ~ . . . . .,.::!ff:!!!::::!i::!:+ .... -::i~.,+,p, ++'+: ....

(,2 ~'~, , ~ ~ , , ,e6 ~,) ~:..:~'~ ":.~i~ = , , , , "''~':::~P"

++n°+M++++ +o +o ° O'O~ mo~ i +++ i ° ~' ~+' O O + ~ ' ~

m m ,,+,.~ m ~ ,P,.w +oo++++ +oo+ + o °+°°+FFn+nTnoo~FFn FFFn [] OO

Figure 8-2 Part e: 20-ft (6.10-m) storage; 5-ft (1.52-m) to 10-ft (3.05-m) ceiling clearance. (See Note 5)

(ROP 23 i C - 6 0 )

0+s o ~ . x J z 0 0 0 . x 0 3o gpm p w . x J z o 0 o . x (12 2 L ~ l n p41~ rex /160 rex)

S ~ I S e l~ (2 44 m) m = I ~ r4xlr~llrs S, lm k~l¢ .I 8 tl (2 44 m) m ~ t ~ ~Irlkl=ll= ++on++++++ m+o o m °

~'~ [~M ~ , , * ,w I=1=. ~

[] []FI I-l-n I -n -n ~ o n

++°n°+N++m + + ~n--~--n n o n n - m °n+nn +

Figure 8-2 Part f: 25-ft (7.62-m) storage; < 5-ft (1.52-m) ceiling clearance. (See Note 5)

(ROP 231C-60)

0.30 gpm per ftx 1 2000 Itx (12.2 Llmin per mx / 186 m×) ..::;~::...

teen sprmklers

U _ I II I I I I I

I I I I

I I I I I Elevation

Notes to parts a through g:

1. Each square represents a cube measuring 411 to 5 It (1.22 m to 1 53 m) on a

side. Actual load heights can vary from approximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to

10 It (3+05 m) Therefore, there could be as few as one load to as many as six

or seven loads that are spaced 10 ft apart vertically between in-rack sprinklers.

2. Single level of in-rack sprmklars [Z\x in. or ZH\cx in. (12.7 mm or 135 mm)

operating at 15 pst (1.03 bar) minimum] installed on 8 It to 10 It (2.5 m to

3 12 m) spacings located, as indicated, in the transverse flue spaces.

3. Single level of in-rack sprinklers [ZH\cx in (13.5 mm) operating at 15 psi

(1.03 bar) minimum or Z \ x in. (12.7 ram) operating at 30 psi (2.07 bar) minimum]

installed on 4 ft to 5 It (1.25 m to 1 56 m) spacings located, as indicated, in the

longitudinal flue space at the intersection of every transverse flue space.

4. Two levels of in-rack sprinklers [z\× m. or z~ \cx in. (12.7 mm or 13.5 ram) operating at 15 ps= (1 03 bar) minimum] Installed on 8 It to 10 It (2.5 m to

3.12 m) spacings located as indicated and staggered in the transverse flue

space.

5 Ceiling-only protection shall not be permitted for this storage configuration.

Figure 8-2 Part g: 25-ft (7.62-m) storage; 5-ft (1.52-m) to 10-ft (3.05-m) ceiling clearance. (See Note 5)

(ROP 231C-60)

778

N ~ A 2 3 1 C i A 9 8 R O P

8-2.2 In-Rack Sprinklers. In-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance wid~ Figure 8-2 Parts (b) through (g).

8,$ Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks - - Storage over 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height. (ROP 231C,-62)

8-3.1 Ceiling Sprinkler Water Demand. For Group A plastic commodities in cartons, encapsulated or nonencapsulated, ceiling sprinkler water demand in terms of density (gpm/ft 2) [ ( L / m i n ) / m 2 ] and area of operation [ft e (m~)] sh,all be selected from Table 8-3.1. (ROP 231C__~2)

Table 8-3.1 Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Criteria for Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks with Storage over 25 ft (7.6 m

in Height Storage Height above Ceiling Sprinklers

Top Level In-Rack Density (gpm/ftffi)/Area of Sprinklers App||~:ation (ft ~)

5 ft or less 0.30/'2000 Over 5 ft up to 10 ft 0.45/'2000

For SI units: 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 gpm = 3.785 L/min; 1 gpm/ft ~ 40.74 (L /min ) /m ~

NOTE: Provide in-rack sprinkler protection per Figatres 8- 3.2.1(a) and (b) and Figures 8-3.2.3(a) through (c).

(ROP 231C~2)

8-3.1.1 Where a single-row rack is mixed wid~ double-row racks, either Figure 8-9 or Figures 8-3.2.1 (a) and 8-3.'2.1 (b) sh,all be used in accordance widl the corresponding storage height. Exception: Fig~res 8-3.2.3(a) through 8-3.2.3(c)shall be permitted to be used for the protection of the single-ww racks.

Plan view

8-3.2 In-Rack Sprinkler Location.

8-3.2.1 In double-row racks widlout solid shelves and widl a maximum of 10 ft (3.1 m) between die top of storage and tile ceiling, in-rack sprinklers sbaU be installed in accordance widl Figures 8-3.2.1 (a) or (b). The highest level of in-rack sprinklers sball be not more than 10 ft (3.1 m) below file top of storage.

. . . ~ 8-3.2.2 In-rack sprinklers for storage lngher thzal 25 ft (7.6 m.~..~¢i" double-row racks shall be spaced horizontally and shall be [ ~ t e d in tile horizontal space nearest dae vertic,al intervals speci~!~..O.. Figures 8-3.2.1(a) or (b). '~ "::'::':'~?.:~i~. .....

8.2.3 In single-row racks widaout solid shelves wit[_,~i-~age la6~[:. over 25 ft (7.6 m) and a maximum of 10 ft (3.1 m~.'.~twe~ the t~..~a.~ "-~:~ of storage and die ceiling, sprinklers shall be i ~ l l e d ~ . indi .~ted ~ " in Figures 8-3.2.3(a), (b), or (c). ,<~.::~:~:#-"i':'-:, ~..'::: "%::, ".~" • ..:$.~:.:::~.,.::~..,.:% ~::':~.

.-.-$'~ ~!~: "!:.:$F"

. .J . . . . . ":~A$ %:...%,..~.*.

I--] I--I

~ Barrier

_ [ . ~ ~ Barrier

A I S L E

triers shown with ;kground

ed where loads

1 shall be required

required where

beled E, the cycle

31 or horizontal

Iklers. ing 4 ft to 5 ft s can vary from 1). Therefore, there )r seven loads (3.05 m) apart

(ROP 231C-63)

Figure 8-3.2.1(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Group A plastic commodities, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m)

(ROP 231C-63)

779

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

D D D n

@ @ D @

A I S L E

D D 2X

D @ D A

D D DE] _ - ~

or ~- represent top of s~orage. ~ .<t--/ 4. For storage higher than loads labeled F, the cycle defined by -.~::"- t;.,.,:,,~. I <~:, ":=

Notes 2 and 3 is repoated. .~:~ ~ ~ . ~ ' - . ~ . 5. Symbol X indicates face and in-rack sprinklers. .~<" "~ ~ . $ . % : . 6. Each square represents a storage cube measuring 4 it to 5 it ,:-'."~ %~. I I

(1.22 m to 1.53 m) on a side. Actual load heights can vary from ~ :$ : .~ " ~ I I approximately 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 it (3.05 m). Therefore, there ~ '~.~_~ ~'t'~,,,,m~ ......... could be as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads - ,~ ,~ . , , , ~ - m ,,w,,,, between in-rack sprinklers that are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) apart ~ $ . "~:~ 41~'evation

• N " ~

~ ~ . , ~ u~p ~rasonts a storage cube measunng 4 It to 5 It F igure 8-3.2.1 (b) In-rack spr ink le r arrangement, G roup A plastic " ~ " : . ~ . 5 3 m) on a side. Actual load heights can vary from

commodi t ies , storage height over 25 f t (7.6 m) ~ " ~ ' x . ~ r o ~ l y 18 in. (0.46 m) up to 10 ft (3.05 m). Therefore, there (ROP 231 C-63) ~ , ~ . ~ "%~.p,!~,~ as few as one load to as many as six or seven loads

.<:..,.'.:~= ~ ~ o n in-rack sprinklers that are spaced 10 ft (3.05 m) apart "-~"~:-~ ":'~" "'~'~==-'1

'~ Figure 8-3.2.3(a) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Group Aplastic - ' : . commodities, slngle-row racks, storage height over 25 f t (7.6 m).

(ROP 231C4H)

780

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

D x

Is @ n @ 8 @

x

D x

D Plan view

X

8-3.2.4 In multiple-row racks witimut solid shelves wid~ storage heigi]t over 25 ft and a maximum of 10 ft (3 m) between the top of storage and d~e roof/ceiling, in-rack sprinklers shall be installed as indicated in Figures 8-3.2.4(a) d~rough 8-3.2,4(f). (ROP 231C-62)

8-3.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Size. Sprinklers in racks sl~all be ~/~-in. (12.7-ram) or w/s~-in. (13.5-mm) orifice size, pendent or upright.

8-3.4 In-Rack Sprinkler Discharge Pressure. Sprinklers in racks shall discharge at not less dmn 30 gpm (113.6 L/min).

Max. 18 (.46 m) prlnldors

.............=..=........... ,:

..............=..= ..............~

..............~.= ..............~

..............=..=......... ,, ~ - ".'L'.'.'..:..'.'.'.'L" ".

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .= . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

...............=..=..............=

: ! : ! : ~ 8 ~ : i : i : ~ : - z : i : i : i : i : i : i : i l . . . . . . . . . = . = . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . w ~ . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , :.:,:-:-:,:-:-:l,:÷:.:.:.:.:.:.:.l

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .= . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .= .= . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .= . .= ... . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . = . : . . . . . . . . . . ,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . = ~ . w . . . . . . . ,

qF- -I ~-1, ~= ,r,-..~. r-..%

Z .... . , J - ] II r } t - - I M l - - I M i l - - , / - B a r r i e r . ( '-22rote 1.53 m)onaside. Actual load heights can vary from " approxiamtelYul e 18 ino (0e.46 m)d up to 1011 (3.05. m). Therefore, theree~.~i~:,~,...:~.~ " % ~ ~ N - 1 , ~ : , "~ ~ 1 I ~ 1 I ,.__,1 I ~ 1 I "~ I I' 1 o' co d be as f w as n Ioa to as many as six or seven loads ~ , w ~ :]~[~.~:.. = = ' S S ,o n¢ ~ • , - ~ ~ ~ . u ~ , , , / belweenln-racksprlnklersthatarespacedlOIl(3.05m)apar!.~..,~( ~'.'~ I ] i ~ ' [ ~ l L [" - -" [ I - ' " [ [ ~ - - [ [ ~ ] L [ - - ] r - - ' ] approx vertically . ~ i ~: E E " • ~ : ~ : ..,.~., H . , ~ L _ J L _ J I I I I I I I I I I

Figure 8-3.2.3(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, Gg~.p. A p l " ~ : Elevation commoditle~, single-row racks, sto,~e height o v ~ % ~ 7 . 6 '~ i i ;~ ~

( ROP 231 C-64 ) ..-~'~" .~, :~i'.,.-.~ .-:.:-:- ~:::~:: .~ ~:..-.:,. . . . ~A.:.'.-.'.~:: ~:'-..:-~ *.~_ ~9" Fsgure 8-3.2.4(a) In-rack spnnkler arrangement, cartoned plasuc

r--a ' ~ ~" ~ ~ ~ : "~" and uncartoned unexpanded plastic, multiple-row racks, storage L~ L_N,, . ~ : ~...x- height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under

/~f~ ["] ..::~i~-.'.. "~.-"i~$:. ~ " barriers should be no greater than 80 ft ~ (7.44 m =). [ u ~ -..'~':~" "%!~i ":~:.~d$~ :~ (ROP 231C-62) / F-I I~i£. ;~..:-~: . :~ .

~ i ,,....~. . ~<.:.::~::...::?..

...:~...:i~iii.~: :~.~ ~i -~'~:":*"~'~ i "rh% ].,

[] []

N O T E I EI(~I t~LIIHe l S O l ~ l t S U agtl gUb~l ffl~leuIin~ 4 It Ig ~ It

(1 22 m to 1 53 m) o(1 a earn AClLIM t0~¢l ~ Can vat)* I~offt appro~lmal~ly 18in {o ,~ m) upto 10t t (30~m) Th~lo~e.lttel8 could be eat few as or~e load b u met'el its l¢( ¢l i~ve, tl Ioade ~ i n4~ ~ a i ~ t I re ~ t0 ~ (3 ~ m) I ~ f l v m l ~

Figure 8-3.2.3(c) In-rack sprinkler a r r a n g e m e n t , G r o u p ~ plastic commodities, single-row racks, storage height over 25 ft (7.6 m).

(ROP 231C-64)

781


Max. la in,..-~ ~, ~M~. I ft _ .__ (.4~,m / / (~.44,.) , - ~ { ~ , , w .

N~,.iii',i',i::;~,.~,~ .,_i::ii!isi!i~i',!',i',!',::!i'~IW..iii;iiiiq::!i!i!i!!i; '@:.i.!i',i',%;.!i!i!i!!',: • " " ' : " ' ' ' ' " " " " ~ . . . . " ! " ' • - : " - : " " " ' ' " ' " ' ' " i " " " ' " " " ' " - . . . . . .

" : . . . . . : . . . . : . . . . . . : . . . . . V . . . . . . : ' "

P l a n

Max. 18 i n . ~ - - (.4e m) ~Max. 8 ft (2.44 m) Face sprinklers

,1 i~" ~ i ! i ~ W ! ~ 4 " ' " . -.-.-.-J...,.,,, . ...., .., .~ii! ~ i i d ~ . . . . . . . . ..... .... \ ~ i i ~ ~ , . . .-.-.-. -.-.-.-.-. -. -.-.-.-.-.

i= ..... !..Di~lliiiiii~i ~!~!ii!ili!i iiiiiiiiiiii:

~ ! @ x E ~il ~ ~ t 7 ii i:: iiii ii" :: !!!! : s ~i~iiiiiiiiiii i i iiiiiiiiiii : - . ~ ! ~ : ~ s ~ ~ii ~ i i ~ E ~ i ~

Plan view

I OOO'OOE]'~"

OOooO[ ] i _ _ _

- - - I " - ' E O O O E , . . . i . q ~ / - . . . . .

30---~I i OOO'OEOE] ~ ~GOE-T,0. 000 ~< 000000 <<000 <::~:

El~l~on

o F-I E-II - ' ~ . , , . ~ , : ]l-L,-e. .... ='~"'~"~ F-I ~ l - l "E ] l~ ' ; "~ - ' i - ' ] l - l - - -'--~ 0 ~0 E ] I - I O i I : ] E l l Z > e .... = : - ' - " O-GO'E]I3NiOOE] _~0~ 0 0 O0 E]l--IO.i . - 1 F I F I ~ -

'. O0~!ii~O0 L r ' '~ ' ' - JLI~IJM (3~00S% uuu ~'.

Figure 8-3.2.4(d) I n ~ sprl~.~l..~r arrangement, cartoned plastic, nncartoned unexpa~i~c~'.'::~las{|6,:!~ uncartoned expanded plastic,

Figure 8-3.2.4(b) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic muitlple-row ~.~s , s t a g e h d ~ : ~ r 25-ft (7.62-m). The and uucartoned unexpanaea plastic, multiple-row racks, storage protection area lJer ~ n k l e r under.'iii.~rriers should be no greater

height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The protection area per sprinkler under ~"~. 50 ft I (4~1~5 m2). barriers should be no greater than 80 ft~(7.44 m2). (ROP ::::::::::::::::::::::::: .

(ROP 231C-62) 2 3 1 ~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~::.'-:s;"-.~:':.:: . . . . Et . . ~ n : ~ , - ; k~ . . , : < . : . . : . : < . - , Max. 81t

- - .#i!:" (.46 ~":':'~k.. I l ......... " I (2.44 m) Face sprinklers

Max. 18Jn.-*.ll.*~,~Max. Bft Face rin'le H : ~ : : F 11 = ~ ' ~ " ~ ~ ~ : : ~ / ~ 1 : ~ ~ ~ ii!:iiii:!:i: !:iiiiF::: !!: FiH!:I : iiiiilUilil ..~!i:.::::: ~!i! ..:!::

,~ "---- ~~~.~..~..e;r.':<~.~;~~~" ...<~" "~ L ut) I:= :::::::::':::..:::::::::: :::: "::::::::::: :. ::::::::::::: .¢~.'~ ::::

~E ~ i~ i • < # :::<::':':'.:':'~ ~':!::. ~b "%.

iib~i S : :l~-::i]" ::;:" ":~::" "<" L i : :!: :~ : : ~ ~ "<:':ii3}ii!# ::" ~ I ~ ] ~ E i:i.! : . i::iiiii~!::, ii~}':" Pian view

p~ar , v i e ~ ......... "::~qi::~:'.:.:. ~ .:@i #~

nNN Hm- NF

Hno

!i:¢! i ~i:::~:it ~ . "}. ":" Barrier

DE] i 13M

I---IV-- F [ L

E E ~-'- F- ~ A r

I L J s

= E ] '

-----I

---1 , - - J

J

F m

i

k I

88 ~"~ ! " I.-~=o,

r--lr-1, - 1 ½ ,o. k ~ r - ' - I 13.o5m~

DD DD u L . J Elevation

Figure 8-3.2.4(c) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic, uncartoned ueexpauded plastic, and uncartooed expaudedplastic,

multiple-row racks, storage height over $5-ft (7.6'--m). The protection area per sprinkle~l: under barriers should be no greater

than 50 ft I (4.65 m2). (ROP 231 C-62)

Elevation Figure 8-3.'~.4(e) In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic,

uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expandedplastlc, multiple-row racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The

protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater than 50 ft I (4.65 m2).

(ROP 231C-62)

782

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Max. l S In.--*~ I*- (.4Sin) / /

A

EL .

--4 }*-Max. 6 ft /(aA4 m)

Ji i l l n Hut0 [ - 7 [ : I 1 : I I , I 1 : I

Plan view

) spnnkl~ 9-1.8 Sprinkler spacing shall be not less titan 80 ft ~ (7.4 m i) or more dmn 100 ft ~ (9.3 mZ).

9-1.9 Where in-rack sprinklers are required by Table 9-1.1, in-rack sprinkler spacing, designpressure, and hydraulic calculation criteria shall be in accordance wida dae requirements of Chapters 6 or 8 as applicable for d~e commodity. (ROP 231C-71)

9-1.10 All requirements contained in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall apply. Exception: Where modified by this standard.

• 2 Other Requirements. Where large drop sprinklers are installed, see Section 4-5 for special storage height limitations. (ROP 231 G72)

D D N ~ -~ D N ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ [--7 ~ Chapter 10 Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) Sprinklers

~ . ~ ~:1~ ~ [ ~ ] ~::~ ~ ~:1~ N ~ 10-1" General. Early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers ~ = : : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ¢~:::~ ~ shall be permitted for tlae protection of rack storage in accordance

I II [I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I[___j with Tab/e l0-1 and sha l lbeusedonly inbu i ld ingsequa l to , orlegs ~ - ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fllan, die height of dae building for which dley have been listed.

IF--IVI NF3 N N N N . ND N ,. ,to,o,o ~ : ~ A ' i i , , , ~ r-'~- , i l , , 2 Rack storage involving c ~ i b l e , open-top cartons or containers

U L_..~L.._] ~ [r._] ~ I I [t_..J ~ Iv_..] L_. I I 10-1.1 Maximum b u i l d i n g ~ h t s~'all be measured to die [ " - [ [ ' - - - [F - ] L [--.7[.---] ~ [ - [ [ - - [ r - [ [ - - ] [ - -7 ~ underside of file r o o f d ~ i n g . (ROP 231C-74) L...I L.I L_J E L..J L._J ~_J L._.I L_I L_J L...J L_n ~ j::::.-:. %-.~.~: . . . . . . . . 10-2 Sprinkler System'..'}D~gm. ~.%.

10-2.1" ESFR sprinklt:f~.~stems slml..[.'~ designed to provide die Figure 8-3.2.4(0 In-rack sprinkler arrangement, cartoned plastic, minimum op.g[afin.g. .pr~e, in acd'~rdance widl Table 19.1 for die

uncartoned unexpanded plastic, and uncartoned expanded plastic, c o m m o d i t y ~ ~ . ~ d building height involved, to die 12 multiple-row-racks, storage height over 25-ft (7.62-m). The most l ~ y ~ : . ~ i ~ l i ~ l l [ ~ 7 ~ O ~ ' ~ e r s based on flowing four

protection area per sprinkler under barriers should be no greater s p r i n ~ on eaE~of d~ree bratach lines. than 50 ft ' (4,65 m') . 1 0 - 2 , ~ d ~ e t ~ e e n branch lines and sprinklers on brancb

(ROP 231C-62) lines sha~,~2glbe m o ~ a n 10 ft (3.1 m) nor less tlaan 8 ft (2.4 m) . . . . . . . "" ~ .uildin her t ~ n 30 ft (9.1 m) u to 40 ft (12.2 m), and not

8-3.5 Horizontal Barr, ers and In-Rack S rmklers. Horizontal ~ " ~ . .~ .mr . . . . . ,.o~ . . ~ ~ ~ to a ~ , ¢ . . r...:m: . . . . . . . . . . . . , g . . . . . . ,m. moglg~-xnan 1 7 " 1 [ ~ . $ ~ H U u v t 1 u ~ ~ 1 ~ u I u [ i * ] I l l I t U / O U l Z $ I I ~ U ~

barners used m conjuncuon vaul m-racK sprmgmrs to umpeae .M ro _~'."~a t~_l m ~ ' ~ h ~ " vertical fire development shall be constructed of sheet metal, w o o d , ~ . -~ ~ ' ~ . ~ . " , , , - ~ ' - ~ - " or similar material and shall extend d~e full iengdl and widfll of d l ~ : ~ , ~ . ~ e t - p l p e systems are acceptable for use w, dl ESFR rack. Barriers sh,'dl be fitted widt in 2 in. (50.8 ram) i, o r i z o n t a l ~ ~ ~ k l e / $ ~ . ~ around rack upr, ghts [See Figures 8 3 2 l(a) and 8 3 2 3(c) ] "OF x " " ' " . . . . . . , , ~ : ~ l~..~-4edl requirements contained in NFPA 13 Standard for the 231 C,65) ~.;-..,: • .~.~ ~--~. • ' ,~ ~'~ - I~-"~t , on of Spnnkler S3stems , shall apply. ,~'~,~ .;..~ "~." :.;:.x _

~ , % ~ : ~.<~}}~, 10-2.5 One level of 17/32-in. orifice, quick response, ordinary Chapter 9 Large Drop Sprinkle~# . ":~ %~,~.~.@9 temperature in-rack sprinklers shall beinstalled at die tier level

~, r , .4-:~: ~ :-:-: ~.'.:%~ closest to but not exceeding 1/2 of die maximum storage height. ~-, ,,enera,. ~ } ~.x.'.-;.::. ~ . . . . # . . . ~: ".:~,-.::'~:.,, ~ : : : ,~::::, ', In-rack sprinklers shall be located at d~e mtersecuon o ld ie 9-1.1 Large dron snrinklers shall be Permitted ~ ' ; o ~ e c ~ o f longi tud inal and transverse f lue space. Horizontal spacing shall

r ~ a wl e sU wt ~'~Ji not be ermttted to exceed 5 ft intervals (ROP 2~1C-74) die rack s orage of m, terials ~ n in , ~ . . ~ . ~ c c o d ~ . . ~ igl~: e P " - " • design criteria of Table 9-1.1. (ROP 2 ~ , . ' . . - ' . ~ "~ ' . . - '~#~ . . . . . . . . . ..:~- ~l~" "j .~ ." lt~o water u e m a n a .

9-1.2 For large drop sprinkles i n s ~ : . u n ~ e n ~ , ~ o ~ j o i s t construction, die minimum o p e ~ ~ ' ~ e s ~ ' : ~ . ~ 50 psi. 10-3.1 A minimum of 250 ~pm (16 L/s) shall be added to d~e Exception: Where .each joist c ~ ~ d j o . i s ~ o n s t r u c t i o n is sprinkler demand for combined large and small hose streams. f idl 3 fire stopped to :ts fidl[..d~.~ a~ at i~ als ~ . ¢ ~ l , ng 20 f l (6 1 m), 10-3.2 Watersu pply duration sball be at least 1 hour.

( ) " " "~i'%"~x.:..,,~,~"'~ ~" 10-4 Other Requirements. 9-1.$ Building steel shall n o t ~ i r e special protection where Table 9-1.1 is annlied. ~ . ~ ~, 10-4.1 Where ESFR sprinklers are installed, see 4-3.1 regarding 9-1.4 Protection' requirements a ~ d on rack storage fllat bare special rules for longitudinal flue spaces in double row racks. no solid shelves. (ROP 231C-68) ~:

9-1.5 A minimum of 6-in. (152.4-mm) longitudinal flue spaces shall be maintained in addition to transverse flue spaces.

9-1.6 For dry-pipe systems, hi~h-temperature sprinklers shaU be used; for wet-plpe systems, ordinary- or high-temperature sprinklers shall be permitted.

9-1.7 For the purpose of Chapter 9 and die use of Table 9-1.1, preaction systems shall be treated as dry pipe systems. Exception: Where it can be demonstrated that the detection ~stem activating the preaction s~stem will cause water to be at the sprinklers when the.. operate, prea~.aon s3stems shall be permitted to be treated as wet- p~o e s~stems.

P 231 C-70)

10-4.2 Where ESFR sprinklers are installed, see Section 4-5 regarding special storage height limitations. (ROP 231076)

783

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Commodity

Class I or II

Class I or II

Table 9-I.I Large-Drop Sprinkler Design Criteria for Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks Maximum

Maximum Roof/ Storage Ceiling Height Height

25 ft 30ft

30ft 35ft

Class I, iI, or Ill 2Oft 3Oft

CLass 1, II, or Ill 25ft 35ft

Class IV 20 ft 30 ft

Class IV 25 ft 35 ft

Cartoned or UnGnrtoned Unexpanded Plastics

Cartoned or UnG-'trtoned Unexpanded P lasti cs

Class IV

Caftoned or Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics

Class W

20ft 3Oft

Hose Stream Demand

Type of Minimum Operating Pressure, psi (bar) gal/min System 25 (1.7) 50 (3.4) 75 (5.2) (dmS/min)

Number of Design Sprinklers Wet 20 20 20 D,y so SO 3O 5oo (1900) Wet 20 plus one 20 plus one 20 plus one 500 (1900)

level of in-rack level of in-rack level of in-rack sprinklers sprinklers sprinklers

Dry 30 plus one 30 plus one 30 plus one 500 (1900) level of in-rack level of in-rack level of in-rack

sprinklers sprinklers sprinklers Wet 15 15 15 D~, 25 25 25 500 ~1900) Wet 15 plus one 15 plus one 15 plus one 500 (1900)

level of in-rack level of in-rack level of in-rack sprinklers sprinklers sprinklers

Dry 25plus one 25 plus one 25 plus one 500 (1900) level of in-rack level of in-rack level of in-rack

sprinklers sprinklers sprinklers Wet NA 20 15 500 (1900) Dr}' NA NA NA Wet NA 20 plus one 15 p l u s . ~ e 500 (1900)

level of in-rack level o £ . ~ . g . sprinklers s p . ~ e r s .x,~:.

Dry NA NA Wet NA 30 Dry NA NA

25 ft 35 ft Wet NA

Dry NA 20 ft 25 ft Wet NA

Dry NA 20 ft 25 ft Wet NA

Dry NA

Cartoned or 20 ft Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastics

NA: Not allowed (ROP 231 C-66, 231C-67, 231C-68)

30 ft Wet

30ft

~...~rinklers ~$'~: NA ;"15 plus one level of in-rack

sprinklers NA

N~.in-rack

Water Supply

Duration (hr)

11/I, 1'/2

11/2

11/? 1'/2

2

2

500 (1900) 2

15 500 (1900) 2 NA 15 500 (1900) 2

NA

500(1900) 2 15 plus one level of in-rack

sprinklers NA

15 plus one level of in-rack

sprin Id ers NA

500 (1900) 2

Fast

Single-, double-, and* multiple-row rack storage (No open-top containers or solid shelves)

mxpanded plastic; or IV commodities,

idle wood and plastic

(F_,SFR)

Cartoned or uncartoned, unexpanded plastic; Class I, II, Ill, or IV commodities, encapsulated or unencapsulated; idle wood and plastic pallets

Cartoned or uncartoned, unexpanded plastic; Class I, II, Ill, or IV commodities, encapsulated or unencapsulated

Maximum Ceillng/Roof Sprinkler Height of Height of Design In-Rack Storage Building Nominal Pressure Sprinkler

ft(m) ft(m) K factor psi (bars) Requirements 25 (7.6) 30 (9.1) 13.5-14.5 50 (3.4) No

35 0o.7)

20 (6.1)

35 (t0.7)

(ROP 231 C-74) 4o 02.2)

40 (~2.2)

25 (7.6)

45 (13.7)

45 03.7)

15.5-14.5 75 (5.2) No

11.0-I 1.5 50 (3.4) No

13.5-14.5 90 (27.4) No

13.5-14.5 90 427.4) Yes

784

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

C h a p t e r 11 E q u i p m e n t

11-1 M e c h a n i c a l H a n d l i n g E q u i p m e n t I l n d u s t r i a l T r u c k s .

l l - l . l Power-opera ted industr ial t rucks sball be of the type desigtiated in NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation, a n d the i r m a i n t e n a n c e a n d ope ra t i on shall be iu accordance with Chapte rs 4 a n d 5 of that s tandard .

11-1.2]" Industr ia l t rucks us ing LP-(?;as or l iquid fuel shall be refi leled outside of the s torage bu i ld ing at a l o c a t i o n des igna ted for d ia l pu rpose .

C h a p t e r 12 B u i l d i n g M a i n t e n a n c e a n d O p e r a t i o n

12-1" B u i l d i n g O p e r a t i o n s O t h e r than S t o r a g e . Welding, solder ing, brazing, a n d cut t ing shall be pe rmi t t ed to be p e r f o r m e d on rack or bui ld ing c o m p o n e n t s that c anno t be removed , p rov ided no s torage is located below a n d widfin 25 ft (7.6 m) of dae work ing a rea a n d provided f l a m e p r o o f ta rpaul ins enclose this section. D ur ing any of these opera t ions , tile spr inkler system shall be in service. Water-type ext inguishers with a capacity of 21/~ gal (9.45 L)

NFPA 232, Standard for the Protection of Records, 1995 edit ion.

NFPA 490, Code for the Storage of Ammonium Nitrate, 1993 edition.

NFPA 505, Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation, 1996 edit ion.

A p p e n d i x A E x p l a n a t o r y M a t e r i a l

This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only.

A-l-l.2 See also NFPA 231E, Recommended Practice for the Storage of Baled Cotton.

A-1.2 A p p r o v e d . T h e Nat ional Fire Pro tec t ion Associat ion does n o t approve , inspect, or certify may installations, p rocedures , equ ipmen t , or materials; n o r does it app rove o r evaluate test ing laborator ies . In d e t e r m i n i n g the acceptabil i ty o f installations, p rocedures , e q u i p m e n t , or materials, the au thor i ty having ju r i sd ic t ion may base accep tance o n compl i ance with NFPA or o t h e r a p p r o p r i a t e s tandards . In t he absence o f such s tandards, said an thor i ty may requi re evidence of p r o p e r installation, p rocedure , or nse. The au thor i ty having ju r i sd ic t ion may also refer to the listings a n d c h a r g e d inside hose lines shall be located in tile work ing area.

A fire watch shall be ma in t a ined d u r i n g these ope ra t ions ,-rod for at or label ing practices of an orga .~zat ion that is c o n c e r n e d with least 30 addi t ional minutes , p r o d u c t evaluat ions a n d is th.u..~i~-~:.position to de t e rmine

compl iance with appropriate.'i!~.tand,4iFtts for tile c u r r e n t p roduc t ion 12-2" Waste Disposal . App roved con ta iners for rubl)isb a n d o t h e r of listed i tems "-'~i:':::i-:::~::~i:.:~ t rash nlaterials sball be provided. ' .,.:i':":~: ":~.~.:i{...::,

A-1.2 Author i ty Havi~:.. ":.]..'~.risdi'~.: Tile ph rase "author i ty having 12-3 Smok ing . Smok ing shall be str icdy prohib i ted . "No Smok ing" ju r i sd ic t ion" is nse .d:.:i~ NI~::.A dod¢~ts. . . : : . jn a b r o a d m a n n e r , since signs shall be pos t ed in p roh ib i t ed areas, ju r i sd ic t ions and z,~6~...wal a g e n c i e s " ~ , : : ' a s do the i r responsibil i t ies. Excqnion: Smoking shall be permitted in locations prominently ,Where ~)ub[ic safety is i ~ a r Y , the ~ l o r i t y hav ing jn r i sd i c t i on may d v ¢ i o ' * , a t e r t a ¢ c r n r ~ k i ~ o " a r e a ~ De a I e c t e r a l , . . . . ~ 3 . t ~ . ~ l o c a l , ~.:-..::otller r e g m n m a e p a r t m e n t or l n a m a u m ~ w . & . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & . . . . . . ..:¢-:::.: ..:.z+... -.: f - ~ o ...... • such as a f . . t . ~ : ~ . ~ / ~ . ~ ~ 3 . 1 ; c luef of a fire p reven t ion bureau , 12-4" Main tenance . Fire walls, fire doors , a n d f loors shall be labor de.~-un '~. t . , 0tvlie~l~/;i:~:~partment; bu i ld ing official; electrical m a i n t a i n e d in l~ood repa i r at all t imes, i n s p e ~ . ~ ; or od~ '~ , having s ta tu tory authori ty. For insurance

" - p u r . ~ i i ~ n insur~...c.e i.n.spection d e p a r t m e n t , ra t ing bureau , or 12-5" Plant E m e r g e n c y O r g a n i z a t i o n . A fire watcll sball be o t h e r in~'~i~nce c o m b " r e p r e s e n t a t i v e may be file au thor i ty having m a i n t a i n e d w h e n tile spr inkler system is n o t in service. .j~.~iction~:~iiiii~ man~J~rcums tances , the p r o p e r t y owne r or his or

. . . . . : 'iii~:~ii~signat~:~:~.~at a s sumes tile role of tile au thor i ty having 12-6" Genera l Fire Protect ion. The spr inkler system a n d tile water .::U i u r i ~ c t i o n - at::i~,~ernlnent instal lat ions tile c o m m a n d i n ~ officer or snppl ies shall be inspected, tested, a n d m a i n t a i n e d ira acco rdance .... i~iiiii::::i::., de~7. ,~ .~n~." ~ ' c i a l ma, be tile author'i*,, havin~ ;urisdi~'tion with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance {~'~ "%j!iiiii::....:::... ""~'-'-':i!:'.i::::::::... 5!:?. " " Water-Based Fire Protection S~stem~. .:.::::::::-.:. %~..1...2 L I ~ - " : ' T h e m e a n s for identifying listed e q n i p m e n t may vary

" .-~.:?-::::':::i-i'i.-:'~iiii--: " "lr~i~$.acll o rganiza t ion c o n c e r n e d with p r o d u c t evaluation; s o m e • . .::?:..:::::: -iiiiiiii: o ( ~ t i o n s do no t recognize e q u i p m e n t ,as listed unless it is ,also

C h a p t e r 13 R e f e r e n c e d Pubhca t lons ~ } . ~ . ~iii:: l a b e l . The au thor i ty bav ing ju r i sd ic t ion s h o u l d utilize the system w s / r f a re re e .,e em Ioyed by the h sun or ~zatlon to identify a hs ted p r oduc t 13-1 Tile folio "ng d o c u m e n t s or po r t i on d e eo , :.:.. ":~ f ~ . , . . ~ : : " ~ " " g gala" , . . . . .

within this s t andard as m a n d a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s and ~.l~g be "-:-.:?iii:.i:: . . . . . . . . . . l t e a m o u n t a n d a r r an . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , .4 ::':~t',':" - . . "::::: ::: ~-it-I bpeclIylng n e yp , g e m e n t o i comnusno le s cons cterect par t o t tile r e q u u ' e m e n t s ot tills stanct,.'~.~'." lne:::eOltlOn'-::::-:::::::- ..x ~ a ._ , .o .. ' _ ., . . . . . • . . . . _ _ :.:.:- . ., ".:::::::5:::,.::$- io r any comnloo.lty ClasSlnCanon is essentially an a t t e mp t to ctenne l[lOlcateci for each referencect i n a n c l a t o r y C l o c I n ~ t e . ' ~ t is t4-~e cu r r en t "::i:~:i. ~" , . , . . . . . , • , . . ,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-~:::. '~ : : : . . . g- . .-':~:-" t i l e n o t e n t l a l t i r e s e v e r i t y o a s e c t o n i t s o u r n l n ~ c l l a r a c t e r l s t l c s s o m e ecnUon as o t tile oate o t tile ~ r t ' t~ issuance ot-:*rlt~::~tan~tolt.o...::. ..:.s:::.:::.. .~..::...::<-. ~ne..:.:.:.. ""::" nre~ "ac n be successfully con t ro l l ed by the res~ribed s r inkler of these m a n d a t o r y d o c u m e n t s m i a h t also be refeP~l~zt~lf:il~-:titis':-::-'-':: . . . . " . . . . P . . . . . P • . . ? - "~-:::.:::.::: " ,'::-:::'; o ro tec t lon ior tna t commoal tV class. In real l l l e , nowever, many s t andard for s p e c i f i c mformatlonaipurpose, .~.~and tl~g~.'~.~.ore, ar...@:alSO - . . . . . : . . . . . , . . . . - • , ., -::::::.::.:- ' .::::::.:::- .:::- s torage arrays wl i n o t tit Dreclsely into one o t m e aunctamental ns teo in appenctlX C. ::::::-"-"-::::::::- ":::::::::. .:::" .~" • • ". • ..:::.-:" "::i:.-':i::: '<:~:i:.-':i:i::.:.:-'.:::" classlficaUons, thus r equ i r ing tile user to m a k e j u d g m e n t s after

13-1.1 NFPA P u b l i c a t i o n s . Nat io~ i~ . i . r e Pr~9...c<..t!on.:~#iation, 1 ~AO]~lr~l~mgletachnCdl%~fi~oUc~ctO thesl~eragnestSrnad~Ion~¢t h?nd . Bat te rymarcb Park P.O. Box 9101;:::~i'~i.~ ~5~A::~.6.~.a01. , ' P , P , g . , , .

":i:':'.::::::? .:~.~!:~:::~:~:i~: D e c o m e s i m D o s g i o l e t o ~ e n n e i n w o r c t s a l l t i l e p o S s l D l e v a r i a t i o n s NFPA 11A, ,Standard for M ~ . ' ~ n d "~.?~t.~:zExpa';~ Foam Systems that conld b~ accentable in ,any class. As an alternative, to he .n tile

1994 edition. ..::#i~::"" "%i~i{ii "::':'!iiiiiii}i::.::i~ i:" user, the Technical" Commi t t ee on Genera l Storage has classifired a NFPA 13, Standard for..-~::l.nstall~.'.'.*gn of Sp~' ler Systems, 199 6 variety of c o m m o n p r o d u c t s in A p p e n d i x A, based on j u d g m e n t ,

edi t ion. ":~::" "":."i{i~i::.. ..::i~ ~::" 4::" loss exper ience , a n d f i r e test results.

NFPA 14, Standard for the I ~ z t i o n of Standpipe and Hose Tal)le A-2-1 lists exan~ples of commodi t i e s tha t are outs ide the Systems, 1996 edit ion. "::i!i!!~i;!::....:::. scope of tills s tandard .

NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspec~:~ Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection S~sterns, I:.e395 edition•

NFt 'A 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 1996 edit ion.

NFPA 40, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film, 199 7 edit ion.

NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases, 1995 edit ion.

NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Materials, 1995 edit ion.

NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 1995 edi t ion.

NFPA 2251, Standard for General Storage, 1995 edit ion.

NFPA 231D, Standard for Storage of Rubber Tires, 1994 edit ion.

NFPA 231F, Standard for the Storage of RoU Paper, 1996 edition•

Table A-2-1.3 is an a lphabe t ized listing of commodi t i e s with c o r r e s p o n d i n g classifications.

Tables A-2-1.3.1 a n d A-2-1.4.1 give examples of commodi t i e s all wi thin a given class.

7 8 5

T a b l e A - 2 - 1 E x a m p l e s o f C o m m o d i t i e s

O u t s i d e t h e S c o p e o f t h i s S t a n d a r d

Boxes, Crates - Empty, wood, s lat ted t

Lighters (but ;me)

- Loose in large con ta ine r s (Level 3 aerosol)

NOTE: 1 Shou ld be t r ea ted as idle pallets.

A - 2 - 1 . 3

Aeroso l s C,artoned or u n c a r t o n e d - Level 1

Alcohol ic Beverages (k t r toned or u n c a r t o n e d

T a b l e A - 2 - 1 . 3 A l p h a b e t i z e d L i s t i n g o f C o m m o d i t y C l a s s e s

C o m m o d i t y C o m m o d i t y C l a s s

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Class III

Bread W r a p p e d c a r t o n e d

Butter - W h i p p e d sp read

C~q.nd} es Packaged, c a r t o n e d - Trea t as e x p a n d e d plastic

C,'mdy Packaged, c a r t o n e d

C a n n e d Foods In o rd inary car tons

Cans Metal - Empty

Carpe t Tiles Ca r toned

Cartons: Cor ruga ted

-~ .~: l ]TblseeL(l~ec~t piles). . . - Up to 20% a lcohol in metal , glass, or Class I - . ", .:.':!i.:..::'::~::::.. ce ramic con ta ine r s Wax coated, s ingle wall~!'~:'":'::~:i~!: - - 13p to 20% ,'alcohol in w o o d con ta ine r s Class 11

C e m e n t .::i:#: ":'%iiii!-::, A m m u n i t i o n Bagged .... i:. ":~iiiiii:. ":-!i~i~::!!ii~ ....

Sin,all arms, s h o t g u n - Packaged, c a r t o n e d Class IV Cereals 4::::':::~iiii~:>. " "::i~-:'~i~Jv

Packaged, car toned:%::. 4#":" Appl iances , Major (i.e., stoves, re f r igera tors ) ..::::.,.:<.:.:.:... ........ ¢-~k-,

- - N o t packaged , no app rec i ab l e plastic Class I CharcoM.:~J~%!!"-"::~i%~ii.-'~::. exter ior t r im B a g ~ [ ":.'.:~::~ ........ :'::-':::~:~:i:. - Corruga ted , ca r toned , (no apprec iab le Class II - ~ 9 1 a r d "%-'--:, plastic t r im) .:~":'::i~.:.:'i~k., "-'~. ...

Ch e ~d%"i!~::, ']ili~]~i#" B a k e d , ;OsOtake s ..... i:.....'...~i!i~:.Pack~;...carto~:~'d

.lookie , , pies .::#::""%:~:~¢¢beels, >~9 . .6~d - Frozen, packaged in ~ t r tons I Class II ..::'~ii~" "~i;i~" "':":."i'~ V - Packaged, in car tons Class 111 "~']"~".- ~--~. .~.K 0"d-l~i::"

~." " ~ # S ' P a 6 ~ c a r t o n e d Barley, Rice Oats .~:.:."~!..:.'.'!#!~!::, "%"~!~!.'-';~:.. " .....

- P a c k a g e d , in car tons Glass l f f ....... ':'~!. "~"..~.......M. ~te ..:::~iiiiii~:x :iliii "~" ~ k a g e d , c a r t o n e d

Batteries: .:!~::"~"'-'~:::. ..s.:~ ~:" ::.!!::" Dry cells ,::!::~ ":~!~:':'::" Clod~ - Packaged in car tons 4 : ~ # ! ~ 1 "::~(~ii:... Ca r toned or n o t - In blister pack in car tons A!~ ~:'" C I , ~ II "::~ii!i!!!-!:.-...::!~ ~:: - Natural f iber, viscose A u t o m o b i l e .... #il. "?-"::ii!::~ :~, ~:'.,:iiiii:;:" . Synthet ic ~

- Filled ~ .:-~:::::~ii::::ii~'..:. ~ .~ . . I '%: . 4 .... Truck or larger '%iiiii;:?i::: ":::" iiiii::i~:" Cocoa Produc t s

- Empty or fi l led ~ ..::?..(."~ii~iiii~iiiiii:. G t 2 ~ i ~ p!¢~:~zs Packaged, c a r t o n e d

B e m s ....-..:'..77 "~i~: "::!-i~iii::i~i~ii:::" - .-::'::i::::-. .:.":7 . ::~:-:::" Coffee Dr ied -~-i~!::,. A~:-"::-~.:.:'-:!-:-"::-:~. %: C" - Canned , c a r t o n e d - Packaged, c a r t o n e d ":~:i'i~:'-:.'-':: . . . . . ::i'i':::.#?.~lF3ass III - Packaged, c a r t o n e d

..s #:'.--'.-" ~ ~..-':.:.~ ? :. ":*~:, Bo t t l e s / ars A:: . . . . :'.~"..::: "::~::-::-:::-:-~-. -:-- - ] , ..:::::- -:::::::: ===================== Coffee Bearis

Emoty, c a r t o n e d ..:.-.-:';-:'.:~.~ ~.-'.: ":ii~i::i'::" Bagged - GL'~s 4":::'::~%::i!~::. .::#" .$i! .... Class 1 -P las t ic PET (polyetbyle~::~ii'~.?epl~thalate) Class IV Cot ton F led n o n c o m b u s t i b l e p 0 ~ - Packaged c a r t o n e d -%..,..:.....~ . . . . . . . . . .

- Glass c a r t o n e d .::::::::::::::~ Class I -Plas t ic , c a r t oned (< 1 gallon)~-~:" Glass IV D iape r s - Plastic ( o the r daan PET)(any':~'ize) Group A plastics - Cot ton l inen Fil led n o n c o m b u s t i b l e l iquids - Disposable with plasdcs & n o n w o v e n

- Glass, c a r t o n e d - Plastic, c a r t oned (less t h a n 5 gallon)

Plastic, o p e n or sol id plastic crates 3 Fil led n o n c o m b u s t i b l e powde r s

- Plastic c a r t oned or u n c a r t o n e d (>1 gal lon) - Plastic, sol id plastic crates - Plastic, o p e n plastic crates

Boxes, Crates - Empty, wood, sol id walls - Empty, wood, s lat ted 4

Class I Class I

Group A pl,xstics

G r o u p A plastics

Group A plastics Group A plastics

Class II Ou t s ide of scope

fabr ic (in car tons) - Disposable widl plastics & n o n w o v e n fabr ic ( u n c a r t o n e d ) , plastic w r a p p e d

Dr i ed Foods Packaged, c a r t o n e d

Ferti l izers Bagged - P h o s p h a t e s - Nitrates

Class Ill

(]lass III

Group A plastics

Class III

Class I

Class I

Group A plastics

Class 111 Class IV

Group A plastics

Class I

Class III

Class III

Class III Class III

(::lass 111

Class Ili

Class III Class 1V

Class III

Class I Class III

Class III

Class III

Class III Class IV

Group A plastics

Class Ill

Class 1 Class II

7 8 6

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Fibe rg la s s I n s u l a t i o n - P a p e r - b a c k e d rol ls ( b a g g e d or u n b a g g e d )

File C a b i n e t s Meta l - C~ardboard box or s h r o u d

Fish or Fish P r o d u c t s Frozen - Nonwax , n o n p l a s t i c p a c k a g i n g - W a x e d p a p e r c o n t a i n e r s , c a r t o n e d - B o x e d or b a r r e l e d - Plast ic trays, c a r t o n e d (Lanned - C a r t o n e d

F rozen Foods Nonwax , n o n p l a s t i c p a c k a g i n g - W a x e d - p a p e r c o n t a i n e r s , c a r t o n e d - Plas t ic t rays

Frui t F re sh

Class IV

Class I

Class I Class II Class II Class III

Class I

Class I

Class II Class III

Meta l Desks - Wid~ plas t ic t o p s a n d t r i m

Mi lk - N o n w a x p a p e r c o n t a i n e r s - W a x e d p a p e r c o n t a i n e r s - P las t ic c o n t a i n e r s - C o n t a i n e r s in p las t ic c ra tes

Moto r s - E lec t r i ca l

Nai l Po l i sh - 1 oz to 2 oz glass, c a r t o n e d - 1 oz to 2 oz p las t ic bot t les , c a r t o n e d

Nuts - C a n n e d , c a r t o n e d - P a c k a g e d , c a r t o n e d

B a g g e d

Pa in ts F r i c t i on t o p cans, c a r t o n e d

- W a t e r - b a s e d ( la tex) - N o n p l a s t i c trays or c o n t a i n e r s - Wi th w o o d space r s

F u r n i t u r e W o o d - No p las t ic cove r ings or f o a m p las t ic c u s h i o n i n g - W i d ~ plas t ic cover ings - Wi th f o a m p las t ic c u s h i o n i n g

Class I Class I

Class I i i

Class W G r o u p A plas t ics

- O i l - b a s e d . ~ } ' 4 ~ . ,

P a p e r P r o d u c t s . ~ , ":" - B o o k s , m a g a z i n e s q ~ f i ~ plas t ic- coated paper newspape r s , c ~ o a J i ~ ' . g a m e ~ : ~ _ • .~..,> c a r t o n e d t issu ~: ' :~ ' :~u cts ~*~}-$" - Tissue p roduc t s , t i ~ t o n e d a ~ " plas t ic wrappe4::i~¢ :~:::~:.,~.. :"%~

..~;'-'~i ~ ~ . . . - . . Ice C r e a m Class I Paper,...-Rolle, •

I n . ~ k s ol ~'-"?~.~d e Lea f lmr Goods Class 1II ~ m l e ~ ,.eight

Leadaer H i d e s Class II :.,,-..÷ . . . . ',':.::~:~ .?.~:5" ~' . . . . ~:.'.~..'.~ ~.&l g n t w el~ -.'..:." tsaJeo .',-#'::" ":~'i:.~!i~i~ " :':,,...':~:"

.4ff P a ~ r , Waxe , i~#" L igh t F ix tures .'-':::~"-'~"-- ~-,,:, "~- :"

N o n p l a s t i c x~ " ::.'.g:x " ",::'.'.~"

- C a r t o n e d Class II ..'.::-'2~. " ~ # ~ . . . . . g , , ~ l ~

I A l i t e r s ..::'.,:-K :'&:" "~. '? '"" .'::::-":-:--" . . . . . -'-'x -~!.~ass bo tdes , c a r t o n e d 1 5 u h ' w l e .::~:'."-::: ::::::::. 2:::" .-.':" • ~, . . . . . '-:: "~::':-:::--:a .:::::" .:.~ Plas t ic bot t les , c a r t o n e d - t~uster-pacKect c a r t o n e a t . , rouo & p l ~ e i : , " " ' ~ b ' e "

_ . , ' . . . . . . "k$.~. . ~ : - 8 . ~ . ~ l - ~ O n l l a m m a i u q u l o s - L o o s e I n m r g e c o n t , ' u n e r s ( L e v e l ,9 U . l g . . . t ~ . . ~ O I S C O ' g ~ , , . ~ l a ¢ ~ h n t t l ~ . m c a r t n n ~ . c l

a e r o s o l ) 4~": . . . . . %.%N.. @ .-::i:" .-- "~:x.q:~

....:~{~g :'i{i~, :..~ :.:..:{~" P h o t o g r a p h i c L i q u o r 4::~::.,.'g:ig. ~ % . ":i,.:i.:i::, 4."" F i lm

100 r o o f or less, o n e l ion or less, ".x.$x ~.~ p . g a "%~)~:"" :~" ~.~ii~ - M o t i o n p i c t u r e or b u l k ro l l s of f i lm in c a r t o n e a ........ ":.~$.'ii::"-'. ~'.':: • ~ . ~ . ~ : ~.-.-, _.#.-:" p o l y c a r b o n a t e , po lye f lw lene , o r m e t a l - Glass (oMle t i zed ) ...-.- .-:::::.-.::.,-.. t ~ a ~ t ¢ 1 - ~ - " - - , , , - . . . . . . _. , ~ . ~.~* "-.-.::::'~: k .~ . . - ,~ , cans; p o l y e m y l e n e o a g g e a m c a r a o o a r a - V l a s t i C D o t t l e s .4~:i: ":-:.:~? G h ~ . i : : ' l V t , . . . . . .

@:.:~X-. .:::.~ . 4.::~ L * O & ~

4i!.vs~'~}.::. . ~ , : . ~ . %. 4::" - 35 m m in me ta l f i lm ca r t r i dges in M a r b l e " "%~..."~i.i .:$ ~" " ' ~ { " , . . . . . . . . ~:~:."-'.'-!-'." ""~::'&:::'8" D O l g e u w l e n e c a n s I n c a r C t D O a r ( l D O X e S

Art i f ic ia l s inks c o u n t e r t o .'.'::.):::.'::-:.. -:~.:-:-:::-. ..... " - - -. • , , , ~i?$1.?..,,:..... ,:.:-..:.:... . , . . - Paper , in sheets , b a g ~ e d m polye t l t l ene , - t~artonect, c r a t e a ~.,: . . . . . :~!~: : x:.'.~.~::. -:::- ClasS 11 in c~xrdboard b o x e s . . . . Y

• .::'g.-'~'-:~:. ~iii'; ":~:":* - Roll f i lm in p o l y c a r b o n a t e p las t ic Mar r l t i e ..:

• ga :*" "~*~Ji:,."~::.. x-'~::" 4:" casse t tes b u l k w r a p p e d in c a r d b o a r d - l i p to 50% oil ( in papg4'.'~-~:.~i[b'Iastic Class I l l boxes ' co n t a in e rs ) %iii~::.. - Be tween 50% a n d 80% oil (i~[i~.gi':" G r o u p A plas t ics P la sdc C o n t a i n e r s p a c k a g i n g ) ~!i!i~.-"- "~:" - N o n c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s or s e m i l i q u i d s

M a t c h e s in p l a sdc c o n t a i n e r s / e s s d~an 5 g a l l o n

Packaged , c a r t o n e d - P a p e r Class IV - W o o d G r o u p A plas t ics

Mat t resses - S t a n d a r d (box s p r i n g ) Class I I I - F o a m ( in f i n i s h e d f o r m ) G r o u p A plas t ics

Meat , M e a t P r o d u c t s - Bulk Class I - C a n n e d , c a r t o n e d Class I - Frozen , n o n w a x e d , n o n p l a s t i c c o n t a i n e r s Class I - Frozen , w a x e d - p a p e r c o n t a i n e r s Class II - Frozen, e x p a n d e d p las t ic trays Class II

capac i ty - N o n c o m b u s t i b l e l i q u i d s or s e m i l i q u i d s in plast ic c o n t a i n e r s l a r g e r t l l an 5 gMIons - C o m b u s t i b l e or n o n c o m b u s t i b l e so l ids in p las t ic c o n t a i n e r s a n d e m p t y p las t ic c o n t a i n e r s

P o l y u r e t h a n e - C a r t o n e d or u n c a r t o n e d e x p a n d e d

Class I

Class I Class I

Class I G r o u p A plas t ics

Class 1

Class IV G r o u p A plast ics

Class I Class I l l Class I l l

Class I Class IV

Class III

G r o u p A plas t ics

Class III

Class IV

Class IV

Class II Class IV

Class II

Class II

Class III

Class III

Class IV

Class I

Class II

G r o u p A plast ics

G r o u p A plas t ics

787

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Poultry Products - Canned, car toned Class I - Frozen, nonwax nonplast ic containers Class [ - Frozen (on paper or expanded plastic Class II ways)

Powders Ordinary combustibles - - free flowing

- In paper bags (i.e., flour, sugar, etc.) Class 1I

PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Resins - Bagged Class IV

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - Flexible (e.g., cable jackets, plasticized Class Ill sheets) - Rigid (e.g., pipe, pipe fittings) Class III - Bagged resins Class Ill

Ra~Sal ed

-Natura l fibers Class II1 - Synfl~etic fibers Class IV

Vinyl Floor Coverings - Tiles in cartons - Rolled

Wax-Coated Paper Cups, plates

- Boxed or packaged inside cartons (emphasis is on packaging)

- Loose inside large cartons

Wax Paraffin, blocks, car toned

Wire - Bare wire on metal spools on wood skids

Bare wire on wood or cardboard spools on wood skids

- Bare wire on metal, wood, or cardboard spools in cardboard boxes on wood skids - Single or multiple PVC-covered wire on metal spools on wood skids - Insulated (PVC) cable on large wood or metal spools on wood skids

Class IV Group A plastics

Class IV

Group A plastics

Group A plastics

Class I Class II

Class II

Class II

Class II

R , ~ - Bare wire on plastic spools..+in cardboard Class IV uooer . . . . . . . . boxes on wood skids ~ .~ . ' : ~ -~at~l, rmcOtOCKS ,n cartons ~ tAa~. iv .. - Single or multiple ( P ~ " c o ' ~ ' ~ d wire Class IV - yumeu o roup / s , plasucs on plastic soools in ~ d boxes on • wood sk ids - ~ ~

; s a l t . . - Single, m u l t i p l e ~ o w e ~ - ~ e s (PVC) Class IV - ~acgkged, - Class ?. on large p l a s t i ~ . ~ o l ~ ~ . # : - - r a Kagea, car tonea tAass n - Bulk s t o r a g e ~ ' ~ t y plastic s ~ Group A plastics

Shingles . . . . "'~':'- W O O l 1 v r o x . ~ . - ~ " ~: ":'~:"

- Asphalt-coated fiberglass Class III ~ , . ' , ~ . ~ . : ~ . x . . . . . . • - ~ O I I " "~tgt : : :~ ~ ooct, particm Class 1 1

-Asphal t - impregnated felt Class IV b o a ~ l i ~ < ' ~ a ~ G ~ ' ~ e C n d s and ..... ; P m ~ i i~..., t Shock Absorbers z e " . ~ (e

Class III - Metal dust cover Class II :" ..:-- nPtY~"'k~:~'. • Plastic dust cover . . . . . - ' ~ k s , c l o S e , ms, hangers ,n Class III

" ~lass /lit ~ . a r t o n s "%~? ~?"

,,...e.:;:" ":<*~)oors,i~mitur ":::":e ~ , . ~ , ~ . . wood cabinets, and Class III ,SignamreSBook magazines " ~ " ~ ~l~t~ ~ i ~ " -" -

o "' . . . . ,~!i::~.~.g~.rrli¢. ~ Glass iV - S hd array on pallet Class I1 x * " ~ 2 , , . ~ - :,.~.:i::~:~..,:.:.

Skis ~ # ~ ~ E S :

St tFff~.~°a~2f ~ ~ ~ P ] ~ ~ .~. i i daetic n

• 4, .~ ~ . ~ rifled, should be considered a Group A plastic because of fl~e ..:::: .. ..~.-. . . . ¢ . . . . . ~.:.-.:: ~.'~.:'..~ ~.~. # tlucker walls. ~,-,~. . . . . . . . +,~"~...~ ~-.:.~'..-~,. ~ "-.: s As tile openings in plastic crates become larger, dae commodity

- 1 3 r u m m e o tmeta£ contamers) -~.. : . . x ~ l a ~ . ~ " 1 "':¢ " . . t,^ _ _ , J . _~a ~;~i~.~ . . . . g ~ behaves more hke Class IlL Conversely, as dae openings become

# ~ ! ~ , " ~::.~...:'~. ~.-#~ smaller d~e product makeup behaves more hke a pla.suc. "v~.:~o. . # " ~ ~ . r . # v" Should be t reated as idle pallets.

Natural fiber c lod t in- or t e x + : t ~ J u ~:~ .~- , . , ~ , ~ f f . , Tests conducted clearly indicated synthetics or synflaetic blends S'~d~etics ' excep t ra"~n and ~ + > ~ ' ~ ' . ~'~ . . . . are considered greater daan Class IlL . r , . x v r r , - ~.-~' ~¢.~':~:..':'~" s en fi uo . . . . . blend or le~ ~ . . ~ . ~ x ' " ~ : ~ ":--'.-.',~:* Wh q r is s tored m glass continuers m racks, tt should be + ~ ; - - ; ---- - ~ ~?-:. . . . . . considered a Class III commodity;, when it is pafletized, it should be - J n r e a o yarn on w o o a # r pa~poot~..'.-'.~.~..'~, a: ~tass . t . . . . . . . . . .

- • ' ~,.~ • ~g.~ ~ . ~ y " ~ . . . . consmerea a tAass tv commocnty. - Patches ~ ~.," :~-~.~" t~ass n~ - Thread, yarn on pg~'~"~.~.oo~'*" ~ Class IV -Ba led fiber "~" Group A plastics A-2-1.3.1 t..reater m a n 50/50 blend - ~ + . - Thread, yarn on wood or ~ . . & 0 ~ o l s Class IV - Fabrics " " ~ # ~ Class IV - Baled fiber ~*" Group A plastics Table A-2-1.$.1 Examples o f Class I Commodit ies - Thread, yarn on plastic spools Group A plastics " Alcoholic Beverages Rayon and Nylon - Baled fiber - Thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - Fabrics - Thread, yarn on plastic spools

Tobacco Products - In paperboard cartons

Transformers Dry and oil-filled

Vinyl Coated Fabric - Car toned

Class IV Class IV Class IV

Group A plastics

Class III

Class I

Car toned or uncar toned - Up to 20% alcohol in metal, glass, or ceramic containers

Appliances, Major (i.e., stoves, refrigerators) - Not packaged, no appreciable plastic exterior trim

Batteries Dry cells - - packaged in cartons Automobile - - filled t

Group A plastics

7 8 8

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Bot t l e s / Ja r s Empty, ca r toned - Glass Filled n o n c o m b u s t i b l e l iquids - Glass, c a r toned - Plastic, c a r toned (less d m n 5 gal lon) Filled n o n c o m b u s t i b l e p o w d e r s - G l~s , c a r t oned

C a n n e d Foods In o rd inary car tons

C.'tn s Metal - Empty

C e m e n t Bagged

Coffee - Canned , c a r t oned

Fertilizers

SY~-~I~rummed (metal conta iners )

T r a n s f o r m e r s Dry a n d oil-filled

Wife - Bare wire on metal spools on w o o d skids

N O T E :

Most bat ter ies have a po lypropy lene case a n d if s to red emp ty s h o u l d be t rea ted as a G r o u p A plastic. T ruck batteries, even w h e n filled, s h o u l d be cons ide red a G r o u p A plastic because of d~e flficker walls.

A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 2

T a b l e A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 2 E x a m p l e s o f C l a s s I I C o m m o d i t i e s

Ba ed a gg • . Alcohol ic Beverages ,- - t ' no spna t e s .<'::"..

- Up tO 20% alcohol in w ~ t a i n e r s .4L ".~.

File Cabinets ¢(:.'.::16:~-':.. " Metal Appl iances , ma jo r ( e . g , t ~ , ) - ( ' a r d b o a r d box or s h r o u d - Cor ruga ted , c a r t o ~ ( n ' i ~ p r e c i a b l e plastic t r im)

Fish or Fish Produc t s Baked G o o d s ,:#'%~+. "~ ":i~i~#~:" Frozen t~oomes, cages, plelt:~ ".'.t:-::~:"

. . . . . o,~nlast; , ~acka~ in - - Frozen, packaged iti:~..~...~tons ¢.-:, " " " . . . . . . . . . . v . . . . v "~ e, ..,%"~!~?.'!.:.:x~%:.'%?.::..'<;:..xx:x~... '~...~.x

Fish o r Fish P roduc t s Battene.s:~:." . x ~ : ~ " ~ : ~ ' ~ : . Ca ed I_J~...-.~i~lis, m ' ~ s t e r pack m"car tons • ~nn . j . ' % %7... - C a r t o n e a .,..$:~-:::!:]:~. "::::..

B o x e s ; : ~ t e s " % ~ . , . ~ 4 : ' ,

Frozen Foods . .,~::......:~...Eml:i"%~.~od, s~. ,~ walls - Nonwax , nonp las t i c packag ing ~ ' . ' ; . % . ~:: . . .~ ,.~.':

~-" t ,e~.l lzers : ~ : F r u i t A ' . ~ ,l~.'~..gge d <~.x ~i~:

r ~ . ~ ' . ~ t~: " F esh ~'..:.,'.:,'~" ".:.-'~vm/~: - Nonplas t ic trays or con ta ine r s ¢..'.~..-.:. " : ~ , ' ~ ' ~ ~ _ _

With w o o d s~acers ~'.":'.;.'.".~ :::.~D~ or etsn v r o a u c t s

. . . . . :-'.:~'.'~?.:~ . # ~-¢'~axed-oaoer conta iners , c a r toned Ice ~ r e a m 4:.,- -::~.Y::~ ,:..', .:~.-~ ~ - ., , . • ~ i ~ : .¢~: -- t soxea or oa r re l ea .-..:.x x:~...::/:::!

Meat, Meat Products ,~'.k",:!.~x " ~ ' ~ ~ ~ . , - :#: . . . . "~. " ~ , . ~ v rozen ~ooas

" ~U~,ed , ca r tone d .-s# :~ +.~.. " . ~ . : .*ff" - W a x e d - p a p e r conta iners , c a r t o n ed

- F r o z e n nonwaxed , n o n p l a s t l c c o n t a i n e ~ ; . ~ %:'.-'~ ~.... ~ : -~" . . . . . . ' "*.~g~-:..':'~..:~'~:!~?.... @:., Lea the r lames

"~g~'::~"." " # ~ Baled Metal Desks ,::::.-.::~.:.-,. .:@~:~. .:.~.." " - With plastic tops a n d t r im ~ . ~ %~.-., ~ . , _

.:#" ~i~ " ~ " Light ~ixtures

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...N.', "~ Ca r to n ed - N o n w a x p a p e r con ta ine r s -~- ~:..:~!~z,.," ~ - Waxed p a p e r con ta ine r s ~ ; ? , ' ~ ~'.:~*. ..... "~'~*~" . . , , - Plastic con ta ine r s ,~#.,- "~;¢{~. %~!~g:. ,-.'.. marol.e . . . . .

,..:~?: i~:.'-75~ "~..i:..:#::" ~ u n o a a stnKs, c o u n t e r t o p s . . . . . • .~'~:~.".'."-:, ..::'.:~" .~'..'.-'. 4''~ - Ca r to n ed cra ted Motors .,::-" ,.%::.-.:~.i, ...~#x ....-:.x-

- Electrical ':@~k:..~Y" - - - , "x:"-~!:.:'b Meat, Meat l ' roouc t s

l~uts" - ~:~:".-X.x.:.x.:~ ,..:.<-" - Frozen, waxed-paper con ta ine r s - Canned , c a r t o n e d ~ ' ~ " - Frozen, e x p a n d e d plastic trays

@- Paints Pha rmaceu t i ca l s

Fr ic t ion- top cans, c a r t o n e d - Water -based (latex)

Plastic Con ta ine r s - N o n c o m b u s t i b l e l iquids or semi l iqu ids in plastic conta iners less t l l a n 5 gal lon capacity

Poul t ry Products - Canned , c a r t oned - Frozen, n o n w a x nonplas t i c con ta iners

,Salt - Bagged

Pills, powders : - Glass bottles, c a r t o n e d N o n f l a m m a b l e l iquids - Glass bottles, c a r t o n e d

P h o t o g r a p h i c Fi Im - Mot ion p ic ture or bulk rolls o f f i lm in polycacbonate , po lyedwlene , or metal cans; polyedaylene b ag g ed in ca rdboa rd Doxes

Plastic Con ta ine r s - N o n c o m b u s t i b l e liquids or semi l iquids in plastic con ta ine r s larger d~an 5 gal lons

7 8 9

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

Pou l t ry P r o d u c t s - Frozen (on p a p e r o r e x p a n d e d plast ic trays)

Powder s ( o r d i n a r y c o m b u s t i b l e s - - f r ee f lowing) - In p a p e r bags (i.e., f lour , sugar , etc.)

Salt - Packaged , c a r t o n e d

S h o c k A b s o r b e r s - Meta l d u s t cover

S igna tu res Book, m a g a z i n e s - Sol id a r ray on pal le t

Syrup - Barre led , wood

Wire - Bare wire on w o o d or c a r d b o a r d spoo l s o n w ood skids - Bare wire on meta l , wood , o r c a r d b o a r d spoo l s in c a r d b o a r d bo xes o n w o o d sk ids

- Single o r mu l t i p l e PVC covered wire o n meta l spoo l s on w o o d skids

C h o c o l a t e Packaged , c a r t o n e d

Clod~ C a r t o n e d or n o t

- Natura l f iber, viscose

C o c o a P r o d u c t s Packaged , c a r t o n e d

Coffee - Packaged , c a r t o n e d

Coffee Beans B a g g e d

Cot ton - Packaged , c a r t o n e d

D i a p e r s - Co t ton , l i nen

Dr ied Foods Packaged , c a r t o n e d

- I n s u l a t e d (PVC) cable on large w oo d or me ta l spoo l s on Fish or Fish P r o d u c t s ., w o o d sk ids Frozen ..::~iii~::.::.

- Plastic trays, c a r t o n e d ..::#:" ....... ~'%. W o o d P r o d u c t s . ~ : .

Sol id piles F rozen Foods ....:..'.':~..:! "::-%!:::.-::.. - L u m b e r , plywood, par t ic le boa rd , p r e s s b o a r d ( smoof l l e n d s - Plastic trays ..::~i ~ "%"-:. "%ii!i~s:.. a n d edges ) .,.:~!-:i!~ '::~: .... i~:....'!!!~:.....:i:.

" F u r n i t u r e "~"':'::~ik-.-, ":::":ii~i~';.?ff" N O T E : - W o o d (no p l a sdc ~ K e r i n g s o r , C ~ m plast ic c u s h i o n i n g )

1 P r e s u m e s p r o d u c t is in a p las t ic -coa ted packal te in a corrulzated L e a t h e r ~~ii.:":..:.::.'~iii::i::!i?.-.. ca r ton . I f pa 'ckaged in a me'tal foil, it c a n ' b e c o n s i d e r e d Clas"s I ...-:if:" "%~:. --,,.x .~..-.:..:.%.:~:..:+

- - Mm-~.h . ) e ":'%~::.. A-2-1.3.3 ~ " #-:'.:'~:,50% oif"~... ~ p e r o r plast ic con ta ine r s )

T a b l e A-2-1.3.3 E x a m p l e s o f Class III C o m m o d i t i e s ..:.::i:~i~.tresse~-~j~i~ii.-:, ,;-::i~":" ..::~?'::"" % i : : ~ t a n d a r ~ i ~ # ~ p r i n g )

A e r o s o l s £.::#!i!'::, ~ :...'~-!'~,,... :-'.', ,::.:'.:?v C a r t o n e d or u n c a r t o n e d .':::'':.'.::2!;".'..":':~. ~.~..ram..-.-:.:~...-.:.::---:-::,. '.:.:-.. " - Level 1 ..... ":~(~i~::iiiiiii:.:" - P , ' / - ' ~ , c a r t o n e d

,,::.~¢~31~i~.-.:. "%iii.:.,-.-, B a g g ~ 1 Baked G o o d s ..:.':'i~ i:'" ":'ii~!i: "::i~iiiiii?.:-.-::iii:"

Cookies , cakes pies ~.:..-.:. .....:iii :~ P a ~ ' P r o d u c t s - l'acKal6cu,~ ' . . . . . "1 m:~ '̂ c,u . . . . . t~ ,~ ::~":" "::'~:":'~::-~::::::':s:. ..::s.':::::" #'Books,.. magazines, , s ta t ionery , p las t ic -coa ted p a p e r f o o d

..::~!::.. "::~ii~i~i-:.:" con t a ine r s , newspape r s , c a r d b o a r d games , o r c a r t o n e d t i ssue . . . . . . . ~'.-'::~--ii:.:i::... "-':~:::" --::, p r o d u c t s - t~arley, ~uce, o a t s ,:-':-'~- "-::::::. "~:::::::::::-. .... r

- Packaged , in ca r tons ....~:fi" ,:, " ":%::i~¥~.":" ...-:~ti~:~. :':.::ii!i::, :~.':... ..::?:" Paper , Ro l led

B e a n s ~s'~:::.:.::~iii?..,. . .-~!'i'iii:J.:.:.::, ::.:~.;.::.. """ In racks o r on s ide Dr ied "~"':~':"iiii'~i:" ":::" .:~'~i': - M e d i u m or heavyweigh t - Packaged , c a r t o n e d ...-:.-:~#-.:.i~ii~i~i.. "%:%:. .-.4 :y,

.-:g~!:: . . . . . . ::?i'i!i~i ":::~ ~ ~i::~i"::--.:!-"-:::: P h o t o g rap lfi c Bread .:~ii~i::: Fi lm

W r a p p e d , c a r t o n e d

But ter - W h i p p e d s p r e a d

C a n d y Packaged , c a r t o n e d

C a r t o n s C o r r u g a t e d - U n a s s e m b l e d ( n e a t piles)

Cerea ls Packaged , c a r t o n e d

Charcoa l Bagged - S t a n d a r d

Cheese - Packaged , c a r t o n e d

Whee ls , c a r t o n e d

C h e w i n g G u m Packaged , c a r t o u e d

% !iiiiY:

- 35 m m in meta l f i lm car t r iges in p o l y e d w l e n e cans in c a r d b o a r d boxes

- Paper , in shee t s , b a g g e d in p o l y e d w l e n e , in c a r d b o a r d boxes

PVC (polyvinyl c ldor ide ) - F l e x i b l e (e.g., cable j acke t s , p las t ic ized shee t s ) - Rigid (e.g., pipe, p ipe f i t t ings) - B a g g e d res ins

Rags Baled - Na tu ra l f ibers

Shingles - Asph,a l t -coated f iberg lass

Shock A b s o r b e r s - Plastic d u s t cover

Skis - W o o d

7 9 0

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Textiles - Natural fiber clotlfing or textile products Synthetics (except rayon arid nylon) 50/50 blend or less

- Thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - Fabrics

Tobacco Products - In paperboard cartons

Wood Products - Spools (empty) - Tood~picks, clodmspins, hangers in cartons - Doors, windows, wood cabinets, and furni ture

A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 4

PVA (polyvlnyl alcohol) Resins - Bagged

Rags Baled - Synthetic fibers

Rubber - Natural, blocks in cartons

Shingles - Asphah-impregnated felt

Skis - Foam core

Textiles Syndmtics (except rayon and nylon) 50/50 blend or less - Thread, yarn on plastic spools greater than 50/50 blend - Thread, yarn on wood or paper spools - Fabrics

T a b l e A - 2 - 1 . 3 . 4 E x a m p l e s o f C l a ~ I V C o m m o d i t i e s .

Ammuni t ion Small arms, shotgun Rayon and nylon . - Packaged, car toned - Baled fiber ~ . .

- Thread, yarn on wood a~"paii'~e~spools - Fabr,cs . f i ~ . Bott les/Jars " "*~"

Empty, c~artoned 4~" ~.~.~.-::, . Pl tic (polyeti, eno terophtl, ate) ,nyl Floor Filled noncombus t ib le powders - Tiles in c a r t o ~ '% " ~ , , ¢ - - Plastic, car toned (< 1 gallon) ..... ~.~,. "<~'~

Wax-Coated Paper ~ . . , ,6 ~ Cartons Cups, p I ~ . ~ ...... "%':;.~.~ "

Corrugated - B o x e ~ ~ f i a r t o n s (emphasis is on - Partially assembled pac . Ik~mg) '~ . " - ~ " ' ~

Clotl, w~~%~. Cartoned or not - B a r ~ ( ~ on p l ~ ' s p o o l s in cardboard boxes on wood - Syndletic ~

Diapers . , 4 ~ . ' # ~ i n g l e o ~ l e (PVC)covered wire on plastic spools in t ~ ; , ~ ~ d b o a r d b~i~'es on wood skids

- Disposable wifla plastics and nonwoven fabric (in cartons) ~ ~ . . . ~ i i p l e , or power cables (PVC) on large plastic

Fiber Glass Insulation . ~ . ~ ~ ~ . ~ . - Paper-backed rolls 4.~" ~ " ~ . . ~ . . ~ r o d u c t s Bagged or unbagged ~,.%..~,: . , ~ - ~ tterns

Furniture " ~ " " ~ :;"" • NOTES: Wood ~-~

~t-'?~'~" ~ Tests conduc ted clearly indicated synthetics or synthetic blends With plastic coverings / . . ' ~ are considered greater titan Class llI.

Liquor , , z , ~ When liquor ~s stored in glass containers in racks, it should be 100 proof or less, one gallon ( considered a Class III commodity;, when it is paUetized, it should be - Glass (palletized) ~ cons idered a Class IV commodity.

Plasdc bottles

Match es A-2-1.4.1 Packaged, car toned - P a p e r - ~ i T a b l e A - 2 - 1 . 4 . 1 E x a m p l e s o f G r o u p A P l a s t i c C o m m o d i t i e s

....::-:if:" Nail Polish ~'~i~

- 1 oz to 2 oz glass, c~"{~".t~l Batteries Truck or larger - E m p t y o r f i l l e d '

Paints ~%:.':.-'::~ Fnc tmn top cans, car toned ~:-..:-~.':-" Bott les/Jars - Oil-based ~.:" Empty, car toned

- Plastic (otl~er than PET) (any size) Paper, Rolled Filled noncombus t ib le liquids

In racks - Plastic, open or solid plastic crates ~ - L i g h t w e i g h t Filled noncombust ib le powders

- Plastic car toned or uncar toned (>1 gallon) Paper, Waxed - Plastic, solid plastic crates

Packaged in ~ r t o n s Plastic, open plastic crates

Pharmaceuticals Candles Pills, powders Packaged, car toned - Plasdc bottles, car toned - Treat as expanded plastic

Photographic Carpet Tiles - Roll film in polycarbonate plastic cassettes, bulk wrapped in Cartoned cardboard boxes

791

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

(Lartons Wax coated, single walled

Diapers - Disposable wid~ plastics and nonwoven fabric (uncar toned) , plastic wrapped

Furni ture Wood - Wida foam plastic cushioning

Lighters Butane - Blister-packed, ca r toned

Margarine - Between 50% and 80% oil (in any packaging)

Matches Packaged, ~xrtoned - Wood

Mattresses - Foam (in f in ished form)

A-4-1 Rack storage as referred to in dais s tandard contemplates commodi t ies in a rack structure, usually steel. Many variations of d imens ions are found. Racks can be single-row, double-row, or multiple-row, wid~ or wid~out solid shelves. The s tandard commodi ty used in most of d~e tests was 42 in. (1.07 m) on a side. The types of racks covered in dtis s tandard are as follows:

Double-Row Racks. Pallets rest on two beams parallel to die aisle. Any n u m b e r of pallets can be suppor ted by one pair of beams. [See Figures A-4-I(a) through (d).]

Automatic Storage-Type Rack. The pallet is suppor ted by two rails r unn ing perpendicular to flae ,aisle. [See Figure A-4-1(e).]

Multiple-Row Racks More than Two Pallets De@, Measured Aisle to Aisle. These include drive-in racks, drive-tlwough racks, flow- dwough racks, por table racks a r ranged in flae same manner , and convent ional or automat ic racks with aisles less flaan 42 in. (1.07 m) wide. [See Figures A-4-1(J) through (i).]

Movable Racks. These are racks on fixed rails or guides. They can be moved back and forth only in a horizontal two-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abut t ing racks are eidaer loaded or unloaded, flaen moved across flae aisle to abu t odaer racks. [See Figure A-4-1(k).]

Solid Shelving. Convent ional pallet racks wifla plywood shelves on fl~e shelf bean,s [see Figures A-4-1(c) and (d)]. These are nsed in

Milk special ~ses . (See Chapter 5.) . - Conta iners in plastic crates Cantilever Rack.. The load i.s.~ ~ ' . " " ~ r t e d on arms flaat ex tend

. . . . . . . horizontally f rom columns. , . .~e loai~can rest on die arms or on lxan vonsn . . . . . shelves suppor ted by die ~:.):~.See Figure A-4-1(i). ]

- I oz to Z oz plastic bottles, ca r tonea ,<~?~- ~..':.~:~::, Load depda in con~.e'~onaP:~...':-.~utomatic racks should be

Paper Products considered a n o m i ~ f 4 ~,{.1.22 ~ .See ,F igure A-4-1(b).] - Tissue products, u n c a r t o n e d and plastic wrapped .~..x.-%..:. -:- ,.-.',~¥..#~

Plastic Conta iners - ~ L .... "~:~!~ ~, y . . ~ i ~ 4 ~ - Y - Combust ible or noncombus t ib le solids in plastic conta iners ~ [ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ; ~ l {il ~ . I I I and empty plastic containers [-- ~ ~ Z]" " ~~" ~'~':::f~ I II I I

Polyurethane L ~ l J ~ . I l[ I J - Car toned or unca r toned expanded ...~.,' ~ ! ~ ~ : ! ~ - ~ - ~ -~

Rubber ~ i ~ ~ ['h" I I - Syndaetic "~ :i "~ , t

• ~::~ I Stuffed Toys ~ g ~ ' ~ . ~ . . - ~ L 2 1 L ] , ,I F o ~ or sy~.etic ~ . % ~ i = = W ' l l = = # " . . . .

• , : # " ~ ~ i :...o~ iNhrlk-lh , , Synthetics (except rayon and nylon) -~.P "%~.~ ,...¢'~" "~: ~ gl la ~ I - I I 50/~0 b~end or ie~ "~*~" f t l '/A-I [1 U L]3 U I I I I

- Baled fiber ~ II u--"4 II I I ! - - - I I I I I Greater t l ,an 50 /50 b lend k~ .~¢ ~ L ~ L~L. . . . . . - Baled fiber .~i~ ~" End View Aisk, View - Thread, yarn on plastic spool, Rayon and nylon

- Thread, yarn on plastic spools

Vinyl Coated Fabric - Car toned

Vinyl Floor Coverings "" "~ -Ro l l ed . _~ .~% ~ ~ " ~

Wax-Coated Paper & ~ : , . .. Cups, plates " ~ : " • ~'<~ - Loose i~ide large rarton;~.~,, ..q.

w ~ ~ Paraffin, blocks, ca r toned

Wire - Bulk storage of empty plastic spools

NOTES:

Most batteries have a polypropylene case and if s tored empty should be t reated as a Group A plastic. Truck batteries, even when filled, should be considered a Group A plastic because of die thicker walls.

As die openings in plastic crates become larger, tile commodity behaves more like Class IlL Conversely, as die openings become smaller, the p roduc t makeup behaves more like a plastic. (ROP 251C-6)

DouMe Row Legend

L - Longitudinal flue space T - Transverse flue space

Figure A-4-1(a) Conventional pallet r a c k .

7 9 2

NFPA 231C ~ A98 ROP

LJ Legend

A - Load depth G - Pallet B - Load width H - Rack depth . ~ "Hi E - Storage height L - Longitudinal flue space F - Commodity T - Transverse flue space .#-:i:%i iiii~i'i:: -<- ~ i~i::''''~!:::: J

"-'F:: F i g u r e A-4-1 (b) D o u b l e - r o w r a c k s w i t h o u t s o l i d o r s l a t t e d s h e l v e s . ...:~$ :i: ::::::. -: ..... ':::.!i~gen d

..::i:i:i:i::':!:i:!:!:!'~.~:~:i.~:':~:i:i:i:i:~::::.:.-.: .:.--,.

_ T - . . . .:~ ~ S ~ ( ~ ; ~ ; ' ~ ' : ~ ; ~ : • F - Oo~r.od,ty _ ~ ~ ~ / ..::~iiii~i.~ - Shel f~ . . ' .~ht H - Rack d e p t h

• , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "¢'"-'~'.::'~.. Storage"~:~l- L - Longitudinal flue space ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , , - - ~ ,,:.,.::::~:~::. ..:,,.,:~::.. ~ ~ : ' - ~ ~ I F I _ 1' "::'~.:.-'i~¢:, ~:-:."-':" T - Transverse flue space

~ ~ l [ . .~%'~:. F ig~ i~- ] . : ( ,~ i " Double-row racks with slatted shelves.

_.~'~,~ ~ ~ ,~ i~ , i:ii~! ' .......... 7 " ' ' ' " ":!':::'"~:-...::..,,ii:-.::'":":".~::~:-:.:::'-::-- "::'. "'"

• o. ,: -<:.'-~: ~:~:.::i:::::::::.. -::..':~::::::~::.. .

~l~~~~i i . : . : ¢ . . . . ' ~ , ~ ' . .. a, "::.".:i::::~::~..:.

A - Shelf depth .... iii~i~ii::E:..-- C.ommodity B - Shelf height ~%~.-~ack depth E - Storage height L...'i~" Longitudinal flue space

T - Transverse flue space

F i g u r e A-4-1(c) D o u b l e - r o w r a c k s w i t h s o l i d s h e l v e s .

7 9 3

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

u.= =======II II== == I ~ I ' "

II~ , ,II, , 1 I i

\ / ' ' " ' '~ _

/:=::II II= :ms P P = = ~ ~ I l II I III ;;;3~ ~ ~ ~~:=a::m:a=~. , I II I II I I~ ~ ,==~ =~

~ ,/,+, ~ " ' " j ' ~ ± ~ - J = I I¢ = I I II ] ~ ' End View

+ IT ~ ""~ IT'T--'---~

I I f~tt~ [, ,]r,,,~l ,+- +, ~ h-- 8-+I I<-T .+...+,+~ " :~

End View Aisle View

Legend I ~ T ~ A - Load depth G - Pallet B - Load width L - Longitudinal flue space E - Storage height T - Transverse flue space .~ F - Commodity

Figure A-4-l(e) Automatic storage-type rack..+.'~i~ ::~i~" .+-.-

, : : % : i ++ I +<'-L ~#~i~i Aisle View

I I I I I I..+++I .k .1 [%+++~¢:++ T- Transverse flue space Ill l l l l l J l :+._-..++--+:++! .. l +"++%]I++ +++i:" ++++:+:I :+"+:]+i++++-. ":"...~ Figure A-4-1(g> Flow-through pallet rack.

L : . " : : :: : : - ; i : U i_ : rm . . . . . ,_.+ '..,, - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _, ~ , _ ~ , ~ ~ . ~ '

End View L - Longitudinal flue space

Figure A-4-1(f) Muhiple-row rack to be served by a reach truck.

794

NFPA 231C - - A 9 8 R O P

.............. [ .................. I . . . . . . . [ ........ ~

! . . . . . . . . . . , .......... I . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . ....

End View

I I J I I I

ii ~ II

(~ I ~ ~ I! I ......

I = II I Aisle View

T - Transverse flue space

F i c • H r e A-4-1 (h) Drive-ln rack - - two o r m o r e yes into t he rack to d e p o s i t a n d withdra~

t h e rack) .

~.-::~$.

I = l

p..

7

7

7

End View Aisle View

F'q~ure A-4-1 (i) a n d po r t a b l e racks

i t " - - - -

~ 1 . 1 ~ Optional over-aisle tie

Single arm

Aisle

Double arm End View

Optional aisle base

Aisle View

Figure A-4-1 (j) Canti lever rack.

795

NFPA 231C - - A98 R O P

L

mowmsnt - ~

7

Oarda0e-~ whe~ . ~ " _

4 -

/ . .

~.,

End View Double Row

T T Movable

t'"!i | i i i! |":!i[ r - ' : r ", r : r - : : : | tO I I | I i i I | I ~tl I I i I I I t I

. . . . . . . ,' " , . . ' . . . . , , ' " | . ' . . . . . . . . ,' " , , ,' 1: | so | o | m to qu r ~ k

Aisle View

T - Transwme Ilue space L - Long~dlnal flue space

whe~

Ad~-&2 in-rack sprinklers and ceiling sprinklers selected for protection should be controlled by at lemt two separat_e_ Indicating valves and drain~. In hi~her rack arrangements, consideration should be given to prowding more than one in.rack control valve in order to limit the extent of any single Impairment. (ROP ~tlC~IS)

-4,5-4 Approved mpervizory alarm service si~ould be provided for all fire detection and extinguishing systems.

A central station, auxiliary, remote station, or proprietary sprinkler waterflow alarm should be provided, except that local waterflow alarm can be permitted where approved guard service is provided. (S~ NFPA 72, Nat/ona/F/r~ A/a,n Cod~.)

A~-&I Detection systems, concentrate pumps, generators, and other system components ememiat to the operation of the system should have an approved standby power source.

A~-&4.1.1 Where h i - - o n foam is contemplated as the protection media, consideration should be given to possible damage to the commodity from making and corrosion. Consideration also should be givqm to the probleum associated with removal of foam after ~ e . (ROP ~1C-15)

Figure A-4-1(k) Movable rack. A~9.1 I n NFPA 13., ~. ~ n l f~. tA¢ Ins..ti~ion of ?prkdda" S,~t~s, . . . . . A-~-b.b.5 states: -~mtung ot aec.Ks or wamways or me use ot open

A-4-2 Fixed racg structures should be destgrted to facilitate removal m-xtlr~ as a suh~dmte for automatic tnrinkler thereunder is not or repair of damaged sections without resorting to flame cutting or o=T2-Zk,_. -r welding in the storage area. Where spyi'nklers are to be installed in . _ _ . racks, rack desil .~... should anticipate the additional dexrances .In addiuon, where shelving~l i~y type is emplo .yefi, it is for the necessary to facilitate installation of sprinkler~ The rack structure basic purpme of providing ~ support t~tween me ahmdd be anchored to nrevent damame to snrinkler lines and sunulv structural members of t h ~ k Ag a result, it l~comes almmt --pnping----'m racks. . . . . . . . . r . . . . . o- -~ . . . . . ~ " impossible to define ~ tramventransverse flue spaces across the

• = . . . rack as required in 4-~l~[pd i l l , f a t e d in Figure 4-~.1. Rack structures snould be designed tor semmc condiuom in • j ~& ~ , .

areas where seismic resistance of l>uikiing structure is required. A ~ . I Where p o ~ . ~ , I t ~ I f . p r ~ l o c a t e . ~ sprinkler . . . . . . . . . ae~ectors at least 0 in .~bZ.4 mm) ~ pallet loao&

A-44 ~torage in aisles can render protection inettective aria moula ~ " AP" " . be discouraged. A-64L~ , W ' ~ f ~ L . b ~ ] l ~ pre~ers]131e to locate in.rack sprinklers

away from The fire protection system desll~n should contemplate the _ ~

maximum storage height. For new sprinkler installations, maximum A 4 L 6 . 1 ~ p a c i n ~ . ~ p r i n k ~ . " ~ hvan .ch lines in ~ .in the various storage height is the usable height at which commodities can be t e s t s j ~ L m s t r a t e 0 ~ maximum spacing as specmea m proper. stored above the floor when the minimum required unobstructed ~ B l ~ t e a d a are~Jll~a substitute for mriniders in rack~ Their space below sprinklers is maJmalned. For the L.valuation of existing ~ l a ~ ~ - ] ~ I f ~ red-~on g ' ~ n l d e r a--.sities or mtoations, maximum storage he,ght m the maximum egisting ff ~ [ ~ - - ~ - ~ ' ~ 1 ~ ~ m . ~ . ~ ! in the d.~d . . . . . space between the sprinklers and storage is equal to or greater than ~ r ----~[f - r - ' ~ - - - r . . . . . . ee- ----~ d~at required. A A - 6 - ~ _ . . J I ~ n for the protection of CAms I, 1I, Ill, and IV

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e x ~ l a t ~ from full4cale fire tests performed at ~ t4) . t ~ n o n z o n u u c t e a r a n c e o t a t l e a s t l t t ( o . 5 o m ) mounane ,.. ~ t h a ~ t h ~ t e s t s T H A T h e l . . . A ~ _ o . j ^ _ t h e ~ t e c t i o n maintained between storage and major unprotected roof sO ~ K ~ l ~ a ~ ' ~ m m ~ t ~ . It is rmmtble ~ ' t ~ ' ~ ' ~ - - ~ - l ~ n .

• _ , members witere sto m stored above the bottom of such • • rage m the turves m C t . . ~tapter li (and al~r appi.~ ngthe members, ore) t l~t the protection ~ by Chapter A-4-6.2 Incandescent light fixtures should have slmda ~ f O. ~ excess, of there~uiremanm of ...C~ter 8.. In thes.e~ituatiom,. prevent ignition of commodities from hot bulbs i f t l~ protection q ) e c m ~ tor p . l m ~ , almougn tess man mat requlreu contact with storage exists. ~ by .the curves in~...C~ter 6, will adequately protect CAms I, II, III,

of s u ~

storage occupancies. ~r ~ ~ - Dry systems are permitted only where i J~ ,~nprac~ i~ to p r ~ e

heat ~ Preaction system.s should be cousjd~red fol][ll'ack it~ra[lY

occupancies that are unheated, l ~ d i l l q ~ k ~ ~ q ~ i n k l e r s are installed or for those o c c u p a ~ e s d~[l[[e h [ [ q l ~ e p t i b l e to water damage. . ~ " ~ - ~ -

A-5-2.8 Where lfigh t e r f [ ~ I ~ b ~ e d sprinKers are installed at the ceiling, hlgh temperature~l[[ l sprinklers also should extend beyond storage in accordance ~ l ~ a b ~ e A-5-2.3. (ROP S I C - I ,

Table A.6-2..~ Distance Beyond Perimeter of

Design Area for High High-Hazard Occulmacy for

90(30 278.7 40 1~2 4000 371.6 45 13.72 5000 464~; 50 15.24 6000 557.4 55 16.76

(ROP ~$1C-1)

This section also allows flexibility for storage areas designed to protect plastics to have CAms 1, IL I11, and IV commodities without the need for ,r~mluation of fire protection systems. (ROp2SIG85)

A6-15~ In-rack epdnklenn at one level rely for storage up to and induding 25 R (7.fi m) in multiple-row racks should be located at the tier level nearest one-half to two-thirds of the storage height.

A-7-8.1 Where storage t i m are not the same size on each side of the longitudinal flue, t h ~ protect one side of the flue with the sprinkler at fl)e proper elevation above the load and the next level of sprinluem protecting the other side of the flue wtththat sprinkler at the proper reletation above that load m i~iicate~ in ~gure A-7-8.1. The vertical spar.b3g requirements for in4"ack sprinklers spermed in Tables 7-8.1, 7-11 and CAmpter 8 for plastics should be followed. (ROP 2SIGht/)

A-7-8.S In singie-row racks with more than 10 ft ($.1 m) between the top of storage and the ceiling, a horizontal harrier should be installed above storage with one l ine of sprinklers under the barrier.

7 9 6

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

xi-- 1

Elevation

Figure A-7-8.1 P l a c e m e n t o f in-rack s p r i n k l e r w h e r e r a c k l e v e l s h a v e vary ing he ight s .

med~anical fas tenings a n d mechanica l saws or cut t ing wheels is r e c o m m e n d e d . W h e r e welding or cut t ing opera t ions are absolutely necessary, the r equ i r emen t s o f NFPA 51 B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, s h o u l d apply.

Locomotives shou ld no t be allowed to en te r d ie s torage area.

A-I2-I Conta iners shou ld be empt ied a n d daeir conten ts removed f rom die premises at f r equen t intervals. (See NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipraen~ )

A-I~4 Periodic inspect ions o f all fire protec t ion e q u i p m e n t shou ld be m a d e in conjunc t ion with regular inspect ions of-dl6 premises. Unsatisfactory condi t ions s h o u l d b e repor ted immediate ly and necessary corrective measures taken promptly.

The spr inkler system a n d the water supplies shou ld be checked and ma in t a ined in accordance witla NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testin~ and Maintenanc~ of Water-Based Fire Protection S~ster~.

A-I'~-5 Ar rangemen t s shou ld be made , in case of fire or odier emergency, to permi t rapid entry into tlae premises o f die municipal fire depar tment , police depa r tmen t , or otller personnel dmt could

(ROP 231C-77) be s u m m o n e d to deal with any emergency. A well-tralned plant emergency organizat ion shou ld be provided to control emergency

A-7-9 Where the ceiling is more than I0 f t (3.1 m) above the condi t ions tha t arise. m a x i m u m he igh t o f storage, a hor izontal barrier shou ld be installed . . . . . . . . . . . . above storal~e with one line of spr inklers u n d e r die barrier for Glass . Ine .plant emergency o r g a m z ~ o n s n o u l a be mstructect an o

t ra ined m the following proce I, II, a n d ll'l~ commodi t ies and two lines of sprinklers u n d e r the . ! ~ barrier for Class IV commodi t i es In-rack spr inkler arrays shou ld be ~, ~,^.. . . . . . . . . # . ~ ^ . . . : ~ . % c . , . . . . . . .^~_ installed as indica ted in Table 7 8 1 and F i - res 7-8 1 (a) darou~b (at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u . . ~ , . , t r . . . . . . V . . . . . . . . - " ~" • s d ~ % ~ (j). (b) Means o f s u m . ~ ~ ! d e aid immedia te ly in an

Barriers shou ld be o f sufficient s t rength to avoid sagging dlat emergency ~ ! ~ , . . . . o e " ~ ~ ~ : : interferes wtdl Ioadin a n d u n l o a d m rauons g g P " (c) Use o f h a ~ . 0 . n l ~ u i s h e r s ~ % s e lines on small f r e s an d

Horizontal barriers are no t r equ i red to be provided above a Class moo-up opera t ions ' ~ .e$ ~ . . . . . . . . : ~

I or Class II commod i t y wlfla m-rack spr inkler arrays in accordance ~ . i ~ . wida Figures 7.8.1 (a) and (b), provided one line of in-rack (d) O , ~ - " ~ ~ k l e r system a n d water supply sprinklers is installed above the top tier of storage, equipm...~.~t " ~ . -"~-~-'.."*

A-7-10,1 Water d e m a n d for s torage he igh t over 25 ft (7.6 m) on (m~ '~ l~e of m a ~ a l - h a n d l i n t ~ e q u i o m e n t while sorinklers are racks wtflaout sohd shelves separa ted by aisles at leas 4 ft (1.22 m) o p e r a t i ~ X ~ e f f e c t f i i~t?#Jit inguishment wide and wida more t han 10 ft (3.1 m) between the top of s torage ..~..... ~ ~:~.... .:~* a n d die sprinklers shou ld be based on sprinklers in a ~000-fC (185.8- . f f ~ . ~ . ~ ~ n : ~ f s p r i n k l e r valves after system is t u rn ed off so m ~) opera t ing area for double-row racks a n d a ~O00-ft ~ (278.7-m ~) ,:~,~ d~a~. .~tem c a ~ e a c t i v a t e d if rek indl ing occurs opera t ing a rea for mult iple-row racks d i scharg ing a m i n i m u m of , .~ '~. ~ . ~ . .-~_ ,# ' .

~ CI e~ -~ ~ f t r b reaf lung appara tus 0 . 1 8 g p m / f t [(7.35 L / m i n ) / m ] for ass l commodi t ies , 0.21 i ' ~ ' ~ "~/~/~:'e~ . . . . " . • . . - . g p m / f C [(8_.56 L / m i n ) / m ~] for_Class II and III commodi t ies , . a d t k ~ " "%~.~ttenflZtIef~noum ne given to aavance p l ann ing a n a t ra ining with 0.25 g p m / f t ~ [(10.19 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] for Class IV commodi t i e s f~ i f f~ '~ '~ ~ t A 9 fire d e p a r t m e n t response, access, a n d fire fighting. ordinary t empera tu re rated sprinklers or a m i n i m u m of 0.25d~.. m/fW.{~ x~.:-~.~.- rt / • ~ / ~1 • • A-I~ All fre-f i latin a n d safety ersonnel shou ld realize the reat tOO 19 L , m m , , m , for Class I c o m m o d uPS, 0.28 ar m / . ~ . ~ d : 4 1 ~ " ~1~-~#" A . g g , ,, p g • p . ~ . . .

• ~ ' ' ~ J Y da e r m s h u t t a n o t i s n n r d e r s o n c e o e n e d b hea t f rom fire L / m m ) / m ] for Class II a n d Ill c o m m o d m e s , a n d ~.$ g p m n~ . ~ . . p . p y . . • ~ • • • Shut t in n i t s n ~ l e r s to locate fire could cause a disaster [ ( 1 3 . 0 4 L / m m ) / m ] f o r G l a s s IV commodi t i es for I ~ ~ e .1~ P ~ , . • .

ra ted s - r ink le rs tSeeA 7 9 a n d A 711 ~ t R OP ° ~ l C d J ~ ' ¢ ~ " ~ x _~ Venti lat ion use o t s m o K e masks, smoke removal e q u i p m e n t and P • k . . . . "1 x ~.~ t.~.. ~ --~ .,4~.~..4~> . . . . , " '" ere such stora e is en ul d "It "/"~" "1 ¢.x "e "" ~ ¢ remov-,u o t material are safer. (See NFPA 1420, Recommended Practice w u g ca s ate , c e l n g n~ e~ nsl . . . . . ,.a r._ o~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . g~+.~n~_a~.e a~... ~ .~: for Pre-lncident Planning for Warehouse Occupancies, for additional

A-7-11 In m u l t a p . l e - r o w r a c k s w l d ~ m o ~ ~ . . . ~ . ~ n ) b e ~ n Sprinkler water shou ld be shu t off only after fl~e fire is tlae m a x i m u m he igh t of s torage a n d ce~ ortzon e tan she or m etel u n d • ~ ~ . ~ . ~ x" gul d co pl y er die control of hose streams. Even shou ld be installed ab?ve s torage ~ ' ~ a c e d then, rek indl ing is a possibility. To be ready for p r o m p t valve as supu ta t ed for m-.ra.c~ s p r m k l e r s ~ , . ~ n ~ ) the r eopen ing if fire rekindles, a person s ta t ioned at die valve, a fire harrier. ]n-rac~ sprm~aers s n o u l a ~e l ~ ~ ~ e a m watch, a n d dependab l e communica t ions between t h e m are n eed ed Figures 7-11(a) flarough (c) . ~%..,.X "%~ , '~X~.:.'~" until an tomat ic spr inkler protec t ion is restored.

A : . All rack. fire tests o f p . . !~cs ~ r u n ~ , a p p r o x l m a t e 10-ft (a) Prefire Emergency Planning. It is impor t an t dlat such t3 . t -m) m a m m u m ctearam n e t w e ~ m e top .~,~torage a n t m e . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ , ~ . . . . ~.~'. . . . . . . ~:~,.. p l ann ing be done by m a n a g e m e n t and fire protectaon personne l ceulng spnn~lers , w l u l m ~ # . v . ~ . ~ m ) m g n ~m,amgs , grea ter ~ n ,~ . . . . , ; . ~ ,~ ~ . , . t . ~ ~ . . . . . n ~ A ..... h ~ a . ;,I. a .o ~ ^ ~ clearances above s torage c o n ~ t i o n s shou ld be compensa t ed for f i re ge~--~n~ent ~ e~o~n~el, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by d ie addi t ion o f more in ra- c k ~ k l e r s or file provision o f greater P" P ' areas of applicat ion, or b o f l a ~ i z : : : . @ ~ The critical t ime du r ing any fire is in die incipient stage, a n d die

~.~" action taken by fire orotect ion pe rsonne l u o o n notification of fire A-8-3.5 Barriers shou ld o f sufficiel]ff'strengdl to avoid sagging dlat ~^ ~ , , ^ . .~ ._ ~.'_^ .^h . . . . . . i ~ ' d i~ : . . . . i. . . . . . interferes wifli loading and un load ing operat ions. (ROP 231C-65) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r ~ , ~ .

A-10-1 ESFR sp r ink le r swere des igned to r e spond quickly to growing fires a n d deliver heavy discharge to suppress fires ra ther t han to control them. ESFR sprinklers shou ld no t be relied upon to provide suppress ion if they are used outside dlese design parameters .

A-10-2.1 Design paramete rs were d e t e r m i n e d f rom a series of full- scale fire tests conduc ted as a j o i n t effort between Factory Mutual Research Corpora t ion a n d the National Fire Protect ion Research Foundat ion. (Copies of die test reports are available f rom file National Fire Protect ion Research Foundat ion . )

A-12-1 The use o f welding, cutt ing, soldering, or brazing torches in the s torage areas in t roduces a severe fire hazard. T he use o f

Pre-emergency p l ann ing shou ld con templa te the following:

1. Availability of h a n d fire-fighting e q u i p m e n t for the he igh t and type o f commodi ty involved

2. Availability of fire-fighting e q u i p m e n t and personnel properly t ra ined for tile type of storage a r r a n g e m e n t involved

3. Assurance tllat all au tomat ic fire protect ion equ ipment , such as spr inkler systems, water supplies, fire p u m p s , and h a n d hose, is in service at all t imes

(b) Fire Department Operations. Sprinkler protec t ion installed as requi red in dais s t andard is expected to protec t tile bui ld ing occupancy widaout supp lementa l fire d e p a r u n e n t activity. Fires daat

7 9 7

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

occur in rack storage occupancies protected in accordance with this s tandard are likely to be control led within tile limits out l ined in B-l- 1, since no sigrfificant building damage is expected. Fire depa r tmen t activity can, however, minimize the ex tent o f loss. The first fire depar tment pumper arriving at a rack storage-type fire should connect immediately to the sprinkler siamese fire depa r tmen t connect ion arid start pumping operations.

In the test series for storage up to 25 ft (7.6 m), the average time from ignition to smoke obscuration in the test building was about 13 minutes. The first sprinkler operating t ime in these same fires averaged about 3 minutes. Considering response time for the watertlow device to transmit a waterflow sigrial, approximately 9 minutes remains between the time of receipt of a waterfiow alarm sigtml at fire depa r tmen t headquar ters and the time of smoke obscuration within the building as an overall average.

In the test sedes for storage over 25 ft (7.6 m), the visibility time was extended. If the fire d e p ~ z n e n t or pl,'mt protection depar tment arrives at file building in time to have sufficient visibility to locate the fire, sttppresslon activities wid~ small hose lines should be started. (Seif-contained breathing apparatus is recommended. ) If, on the other hand, the fire is not readily visible, hose should be laid to exterior doors or exterior openings in the building and charged

The test building is approximately 200 f t x 250 ft (61 m x 76 m) [50,000 f& (4.65 kmit) in area], of fire-resistive construction and contains a volume of approximately 2.25 million ft ~ (63 761.86 mS), the equivalent o f a lO0,O00-ftit (9.29-krnit) building 22.5 ft (6.86 m) l f igb .The test building bas two primary beights beneath a single large ceiling. The east section is 30 ft (9.1 m) high, and the west section is 60 ft (18.29 m) high.

The test series for storage height of 20 ft (6.1 m) was conducted in the 3Oft (9.1-m) section with clearances from tile top of storage to tile ceiling nominally 10 ft (3.1 m).

Doors at tile lower and intermediate levels and ventilation louvers at the tops of walls were kept closed dur ing the majority of the fire tests. This minimized the effect of exterior conditions.

The entire test series was fully ins t rumented with thermocouples at tached to rack members, simulated building columns, bar joists, and the ceiling.

Racks were constructed of steel verti~tl and horizontal members designed for 40004b (1814-kg) loads. Vertical members were 8 ft (2.44 m) O.C. for conventional racks and 4 ft (1.22 m) O.C. for simulated automated racks. Racks were $1 / , ft (1.07 m) wide with 6- in. (152.4-mm) longitudinal flue space for an overall width of 71/~ ft lines provided to these points, ready for ultimate mop-up

operations. Manual fire-fighting operations in such a warehouse (2.29 m). Simulated automated racks and slave pallets were used in should not be considered a substitute for sprinkler protection, the main central rack in tile 4-ft (1.22-m) aisle tests. Conventional

racks and conventional palle~ 9~e used in tile main central rack in IMPORTANT: The sprinkler system should be kept in operation the 8-ft (2 44-ram) aisle tests ~i~.-%aaioritv of the tests were

. . . . • , i t ' , - - during manual fire-fighting and mop-up operataons, conducted widl 100-ft ( 9 ~ ) sl~'~nkler spacing. During the testing program, the installed automatic extinguishing The test c o n f i , m r a t i o ~ r " ~ ,~e hei,dlts of 15 ft t4 6 mX 20 ft

system was capable of controll ing the fire and reducing all (6 1 m), and 25 ~t (7 ~ f c c t ~ l ~ 0 - f & (167 2-~m it) floor area, temperatures to ambient within 30 minutes of ignition. Ventilation including aisles b e ~ / ~ i ~ l a t were used in nroducin~ operatmns and mop-up were no t started untal tins point. The use of this s tandard l imi~X"~e dar ze td"~XCarea- Tile maximum water smoke removal eqt t ipment is important, damage area a n t i c i p a t e ~ a tl ~ ; u m ~ is 6000 ft a (557.4 m~), the

Smoke removal capability should be provided. Examples of t ipper limit ~.~..~...,.design : ~ .~s. ":" smoke removal equ ipmen t include the following: The t e ~ ~ e n s i t y is increased, both m e extent

. . . . . . . . . . . . o f fire ~ a g e ~ d sp~":~:i~]~'erat ion are reduced The data also (a) ~ecnm~Jc:u a t r -nanaung systems . . ..-... . . . . . . " . . , n d i ~ . . . d l a t , w i ~ b r m k l e r s installed m the racks, a reduction IS (bl Powered exhaust fans gain'~:a"~i~e area 6~..r.:..%,damage and sprinkler operations (i.e.,

(c) Roof mounted graxatyvents ~ .x ,1.. R-~:'~ ~ " ..::~.¢'-!~le B-I ~ . . . ~ l ~ t e s these points. The information shown is ~a~ o~,, . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . ~ tak~,."from t h e ~ s e n e s for storage height o f 20 ft (6 1 m) using ~us . . . . . . . . . . . ~; . . . . ~y . . . . . . 4 ~ " th e . ~ . d a r ~ c~ '~nodity. Whichever system is selected, it should be des igned for manual . ~ . ~ ~ ; . ~ , ~

actuation by the fire depar tment , thus allowino nersonnel to ~ . . ~ ? ~ I ' h e ~ . ~ a t there is a reduct ion in both fire damage and area of • ' t " ~ r " ~ / , , . ~ , . - * . " " . . . . . . co ~ 'nate ti s oke oval "v tilation" with mo u ,#~$; ' ~ i t e r appl$~ttaon as sprinkler densmes are increased or where orol , le m rem ~ e n ~ .4~"" ~.~.':'% ~:,x . . . . . . . . . ; ~ s ~ p # %.'.'~ s ' ~ ! . ~ a are m s . l e d m racks should be considered carefully by

~ . ~ ~ dao"'~i~spousnble for appl~ang this s tandard to the rack storage ~-'.-'~""~" '~:.~:, ,:~'~':" s i t u ~ o n .

"~.-':.:-'S~ .--'¢~" ~.'.~!~ :6~%. In the test for storage height of 25 ft (7.6 m), a density of 0.55

"::'.'$ . x ~ i t i t Appendix B Explanation o f Test Data a n d ~ " / ~ r e s : :~- . . . . . gt~m/ft [ ( 2 2 . 4 L / m i t j / m ] produced 42 percent , o r 7 5 6 f t (70.26 $...,- ,= ~ # - i t ..::# ~. . " '~#~ m ), fire damage in the test array and a sprinkler-wetted area of 1400

This at~oendix is no t a ~,art o f the r e a u i r e m e n ~ s ~ d o ~ ¢ ~:~" flit (130.1 m~). Lesser densities would not be expected to achieve the , . r, r T " , ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'~ : / " : ~ . ~ '~-~[" same limited degree of control Therefore, if the goal of smaller ou t ts , nc tuaea or ; n o r m a t t o n a t u oses onto. ~ .~ '~ ' " ~ . " . . .

j , y, p rp -::.':2"-Si, ,~$:. areas of fire damage ts to be achieved sprinklers m racks should be Appenthx B provades an explanaUon ~ e s t d,'/~!glad , . ~ considered.

procedures that led to the developme..~%f ~ . ~ t , ' m d a r ~ { ~ l ~ "~ Tile te-* series fo~ -t ~,-~ e h~;~ht ove~ *~ r, t 7 6 ~x , ~ ara ra hs are ~denttfied by the s • nmbe¢.-'~ the x~..'.~ tilts . . . . . P ~ -P . . . . . . ~ i : ~ ~..~.~.-.~..: ~ ~.': conducted m the 60-ft (18 29-m) secuon of file test budding with st,'meuard to wnlcn mey app W. ¢: ":"'~':~::" :$'~'>"*:g~?::l~'~:.~ ''~ " • " • • "~,...:~:" ~-'-~:.-:~: nominal clearances f rom the top of storage to file ceding of either

B-I-1 Application and S c o p e : ¢ ~ # t a ~ . . u s e s ~ basis tile 30 ft (9.1 m) or 10 ft (3.I m). large-scale fire test series c~uctd~[!~'~t the ~ . 0 g ~ Mutual Research Center, West Glocester, ~ e Is lam. "%~"

~:-"'%%..~#- ,~

%i~':.,:,~"

¢§~:" Table B-I-I

Density g p m / f d

0.30 (Ceiling only) 0.375 (Ceiling only) 0.45 (Ceiling only) 0.20 (Ceiling only) 0.20 (Sprinklers at ceiling

and in racks) 0.30 (Sprinklers at ceiling

,and in racks)

For SI units: 1 ft = 0.3048 m; °C = s /9 (°F-32); 1 gpm/ f t ~ = 40.746 ( L / m i n ) / m ~

Sprinkler Operat ion Fire Damage in Test Array (165°F) Area

(%) frO) frO) 22 395 4500-4800 17 306 1800 9 162 700

28-36 504--648 13,100-14,000 8 144 4100

7 126 700

798

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

Doors at the lower and intermediate levels and ventilation louvers at the top of walls were kept closed dur ing the fire tests. This minimized the effect of exterior wind conditions.

The purpose of the over-25-ft (7.6.m) series was to accomplish the following:

(a) Determine the a r rangement of in-rack sprinklers that can be repeated as pile height increases and that provide control of the fire.

(b) Determine oilier protective arrangements, such as high- expansion foam, tha t provide control of the fire

Control was considered to bave been accompl ished if the fire was unlikely to spread f rom the rack of origin to adjacent racks or spread beyond the length of die 25-ft (7.6.m) test rack. To aid in this judgment , control was considered to have been achieved if the fire did not do the following:

(a) J u m p the 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles to adjoining racks

(b) Reach die end face of file end stacks (north or south ends) of d~e main rack

Control is def ined as holding die fire in check through die extinguishing system until die commodit ies initially involved are consumed or until die fire is ext inguished by the extinguishing

of plastic fiber, and paper) , and of the considerable number of commodi ty tests conduc ted provides a guide for commodity classifications. This guide is not related to any other me thod of classification, of materials; therefore,, sound engineer ing j u d g m e n t and analysts o f the commodity and the packaging should be used when selecting a commodity classification.

B-5-2.1 None of the tests that were conducted with densities in accordance with the design curves p roduced critical temperatures in bar joists 121/~ ft (3.81 m) from the ignition source. Therefore, with sprinkler systems des igned in accordance with file curves, f i reproofing of roof steel should not be necessary.

13-3-2.2 Tempera tures in the test column were maintained below 1000°F (538°C) in all tests where sprinklers in racks were used.

!1-8-2.3 Tempera tures in the test column were mainta ined below 1000°F (538°C) with densities, of roof ceiling sprinklers only, of 0.375 gpm/ f t ~ [(15.3 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] with 8-ft ~2.44-m) aisles and 0.45 gpm/ f t x [(18.34 L / m i n ) / m ~] with 4-ft (1.22-m) aisles using the s tandard commodity.

Tests were conducted as a part o f this program with eave line windows or louvers open to simulate smoke and heat venting. These tests opened 87.5 percen t and 91 percent more sprinklers than did comparative tests without windows or louvers open. Venting tests that have been conducted in o ther programs were without the

system or manual aid. benefi t o f sprinkler protect ion a~d, as such, are no t considered in The standard commodity as selected in the 20-ft (6.1-m) test this report , which covers o n l y J ~ n g s protec ted by sprinklers. The

series was used in the majority of over-25-ft (7.6-m) tests. Hallmark design'curves are based upo~-~'X,.he'~B~nce of roof vents or draft products and $-M products descr ibed in d ie 20-ft (6.1-m) test series curtains in the building. ~ mop-up operations, ventilating repor t also were used as representative of Class III or IV systems, where installe ' ~ l o u ~ . ~ . . ~ a l ~ b l d o f manual exhaust" commodities, or both, in several tests. The results of privately operations. 6o ~ sponsored tests on Hallmark products and plastic encapsulated _ . _ ~ 4 ~ ' ~ . ~ ,..-.. .

l l e s t 80 du me the effect o f closing s tandard commodit ies also were made available to the committee. , . . , , , ~ e t e d t o ~ . ~ . t~acg-to-nacg ionmtuoan~v-m. (laz.~gmm) hue spaces m

A 25-ft (7.6-m) long test array was used for the majority of the conventional nalYet r a c ~ e s t r e su i~ ind ica ted fewer sprinklers over-25-ft (7.6.m) high test series. The decision to use such an array o,~eratino ~ ~ " ~ - ' ~ - t t ~ ' , ~ . ~ , ~ a c e onen and as such no min imum was made because it was beheved that a fire m racks over 25 ft (7.6 b a c k - t o - b ~ ' ~ ~ if die transverse flue space is m) high that ex t ended die full length of a 50-ft (15.24-m) long rack kent on~'J. % . , . . . . . . . could no t be considered controlled, particularly as storage heights " ~ % . ; . . . . . . a T 4 ~ . ' : ~ and 1 4 ~ . er$, conducted to investigate the influence of . . . . . . . . . . l o n g i t u d ~ n d ~ ' s e flue dimensions in double-row racks

One of the purposes of file tests was to de te rmine ar rangements ~ t ~ a u o ~-'lq lves~'-~est ts w e n " d 6fi ,. t so'[~'~ e lves,c-~Kesul er corn ,need with Tests 65 an . . . . of in-rack sprinklers dlat can be repeated as pile height increases ~ - ~ ' ~ l l m e n s i ~ e s t s 65 66 145 and 146 were 6 i - /159 4 and that provide control of the fire. The tests for storage he ight of ~ * m ~ in. ( ' i '5~.~mm', 3 in. t76.2 ram ' , and 12 in. t~)'.~,O m ~, 30 ft (9.1 m) explored the effect o f sucb arm. ys. Many of d.lese t e s t s , ~ ' - ' ~ ' d ' l ' e ~ condit ions were d~e same. ' /

between the top of storage and die ceiling sprinkler deflectors, and and 127. Once again, SOft (9.l-m) clearance occurred between die with 0.30 density. Thirty-seven sprinklers opera ted compared with 30 top of storage and the ceiling sprinklers, and, as such, the ceiling sprinklers in Test 140 with a 3-ft (0.91-m) clearance and 45 and 48 sprinklers had little effect on the face fire. Comparisons of Tests 129, 130, and 131 in the test series for storage height o f 50 ft (15.24 m) indicate little effect of point of ignition in the particular configuration tested.

Test 125, when compared with Test 133, indicates no significant difference in result between approved low profile sprinklers and standard sprinklers in the racks.

B-2-1 A review of full-scale fire tests run on the s tandard commodi ty (double tri-wall carton with metal liner), of Hallmark products and 3-M products (e.g., abrasives, pressure-sensitive tapes

sprinklers in Tests 65 and 76 with a 10f t (3.1-m) clearance. Fire spread in Test 143 with an 18-in. (0.46-m) clearance was somewhat less than in Tests 65 and 66 with a 10-ft ($.l-m) clearance and Test 140 with a 3-ft (0.91-m) clearance.

Privately sponsored tests, using a 0.45 ceiling sprinkler density and ,an encapsulated commodity, indicated 40 sprinklers operating with a 10-ft ($.1-m) clearance, 11 sprinklers operating with a 3-ft (0.91-m) clearance, and 10 sprinklers operatin~ with an 18-in. (0.46- m) clearance. Fire spread was less in tile test with die 18-in. (0.46-

799

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

m) clearance fluan tile 3-ft (0.91-m) clearance and also was less with die 3-ft (O.46-m) clearance d~an with the 10f t (3.l-m) clearance.

B4-7 No tests were conducted with idle pallets in racks using st,an(Lard spray sprinklers. However, tests were conduc ted using ESFR and large drop sprinklers. Such storage conceivably would introduce fire severity in excess of dlat contemplated bypro tec t ion criteria for an individual commodity classification. (ROP2$1GI$)

B-5-4 The time of operation of the first sprinkler varied from 52 seconds to 3 minutes and 55 seconds, with most tests under 3 minutes, except in Test 64 (Class III), where die first sprinkler operated in 7 minutes and 44 seconds. Fire detect ion more sensitive than waterflow is, fllerefore, considered necessary only in exceptional c:tses.

B-5-5 In most tests conducted, it was necessary to use small hose for m o ~ u p operations. Small hose were not used in fl~e lligh- expansion foam test.

Test 97 was conducted to evaluate the effect of dry-pipe sprinkler operation. Test results were approximately d~e same as the base test with a wet-pipe system. A study of NFPA records, however, indicates an increase in ,area of operation of 30 percent to be in order for dry-

Test 115 was conducted wiflu two levels of sprinklers in racks with shields. Test 116, identical to Test 115 but without water shields, p roduced a lack of control. Visual observation of lower level in-rack sprinklers that did not operate a l though t roy were in d ie fire area indicated a need for water shields.

Tests 115 and 116 were conducted to investigate the necessity for water shields where multiple levels o f in-rack sprinklers are installed. Where water sltields were no t installed in Test 116, tile fire j u m p e d the aisle, and approximately 76 boxes were damaged. In Test 115 with water shields, the fire did not j u m p file aisle, and only 32 boxes were damaged. Water shields are, therefore, suggested wherever multiple levels of in-rack sprinklers are installed, except for installations wifla horizontal barriers or shelves dlat serve as water shields.

B-6-5.1 In one 20-ft (6.l-m) high test, sprinklers were buried in the flue space 1 ft (0.30 m) above due bottom o f the pallet load; results were satisfactory. Goverage of aisles by in-rack sprinklers is, therefore, not necessary, and distribution across tile tops of pallet loads at any level is not necessary for the occupancy classes tested.

B-6-6.2 In all tests widl in-rack sprinklers, obstructions measuring 3 pipe systems ,as compared with wet-pipe systems, in. x 3 ft (7.62 mm x 0.30 m) were in t roduced on each side of the lg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sprinkler apnroximately 3 in. (76.2 mm) f rom die sprinkler to ,q~l in ~.Ul Vail(1 teSlS~ WIUU ctOUnle-row racks, springier water , s , , • ~ . • - - • . , . . . . . . . . . . . slmlnate rack structure memner onstructaon, l n t s onstruct~on nap SUDDIleS were ShUt otI at approximately ou mmntes, m pray one test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - no euec t on sprmgmr pertorm,'mce m Uie XO It (0 1 m) mgn tests did the last sprinkler operate in excess of 30 minutes ,after ignition" ".:::~x " " - " tile last sprinkler opera'ted in excess of 25 minutes in dlree te~ sis, ' Tests 103, 104, 105, and 10...?..~{~.e $0-ft (9.l-m) high test with in- with the majority of tests involving the last sprinkler operating within rack sprinklers obstructed ~ . . '~ck i]~rights p roduced unsatisfactory 20 minutes, results. Tests 113, 114, l l ~ k J . 18 , and 120 in due 30-ft (9.l-m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . high test series with i n - ~ Sl~"'~'..~. ers located a nl inimum of 2 ft li-5-~I.X l e s t 'J~5 wiul strict snetves 24 tt (7.5 m) long and '/ / z tt (2.:5 t0 61 m~ from rack u~i~r~ts nr~:"~t.~ed imnroved results m) deep at each level p roduced total destruction of due commodity , • • ..::~..e. ox%.:, r ~ , . - ~ ...:..r " in the main rack and j u m p e d die ,aisle. Densitywas 0.3 g p m / f t 2 B-6-7 Operat ing ~ r e s ' w e r e 15"~,..':~03.4 kPa) on all tests o f [(12.22 L / m i n ) / m ~] from die ceiling sprinklers only. Test 108 with sprinklers in racks w i d f ~ r a g e 20 ft....~i::l m) high and 30 psi (206.8 shelves 24 ft (7.3 m) long and 31/~ ft (1.07 m) deep and with a 6-in. kPa) for sto~..q.:,3.,Q,..f.t ( 9 . F ~ . and 5ffft (15.24 m) high. (1 :)2.4-ram) longitudinal flue space and one level of sprinklers m Tests 1 1 . $ ' ~ i ~ f t d u c t e d to compare die effect of

. . . . .- ~ ~ : i ~ ~ : ~ - ~ the rack resulted m damage to most o f the commodity in the mare increashti~ snri~Faer dischar~e"Bressure at in-rack sprinklers from 30 rack but did n o t j~lmAo the .aisle. y)ensityfrom cei!ing sprinklers w ~ psi to..:~..~.si" (206~"~..gPa to 5Y7.1 kPa). With due higher dischar.ge u.~/a gp.m/It l ( ~ ? . z o L / r m n ) / m j, ana rack sprmgmrs otscnargeo p r e s ~ r ' ~ . e fire di~.gg&~um p due aisle, and damage nelow the top at t.~ psi (103.41 kPa). level of I ) ~ t i o n w i ~ die racks was somewhat better controlled

These tests did not yield sufficient information to develop a ,..:i:~i:':...i~ h ] g t ~ c l l a r ~ e pressure of die in-rack sprinklers. A comprebensive protect ion st,an(Lard for solid sheff racks. Items such .::#:W"pr(~re of 15. ' :~.~'03.4 kPa) was mainta ined on in-rack sprinklers as increased ceiling density, use of bulklleads, odter configurations ' ~ i ~ in t l.~'...first $...0-fi..~O.l-m) ltigh tests (Tests 103 and 104). Pressure on of sprinklers in racks, and limitation of sbeff length and widdl .;;~'~'~.~-...?.~.j.'n~.r:~l~s in subsequent tests was $0 psi (206.8 kPa), except should be considered. ~-:x "%~.~Test " $ - ~ l t e r e it was 7~ psi (517.1 kPa),

Where such rack installations exist or are contemplated, tl#~*'¢"~%i~ ~ : : . . [.~ all except one case, using die s tandard commodity wldl damage potential should be considered, and sound e n g i n c g ~ g '!6ii on'6~.~.t~ of sprinklers installed in racks, only two sprinklers opened. j u d g m e n t should be used in designing ti)e protection s y s ~ #:: In .h~ one exception, two sprinklers opened in the main rack, and

Test 98, with solid shelving obsttucting both the I q ~ . g ! . t u d i ~ ~ two sprinklers opened in file target rack. transverse flue space, p roduced unsatisfactory r e s u l . ~ ! : . i n d i c a ' ~ i ~ , ,. B-6-9 Tests 65 and 66, compared with Test 69, and Test 93, need for sprinklers at each level in such a rack str .~ture. " . . . . . *~. ,"~ compared with Test 94 indicated a reduction in areas of

Test 147 was conduc ted with ceiling s p r i n k ~ i y . ' : ~ . j a s i t ~ . ~ ..:-.~Y" application of 44.5 percent and 45.5 percent, respectively, with high 0 45 ~ m / f t ~ r t l8 34 L / m i n ~ / m ~ with a s - r i t ~ l e ~ i t ~ ' - " . : . ~ f l ~ f t ~'" tempera ture rated springmrs as comparect witti ordinary t9 29 m ~ A total of 47 snrinklers onened -~nd 83 ~ n t of t l ,~ -~" temperature rated sprinklers. Other extensive Factory Mutual tests commodity was, consume~l. The firer'uj .m~2":"~" :.:.-,, th ,aisl""r~':'x~:':~O.9. d ,.~':':i%ad roaucedo an. average reduction, of 40 percent.. Designe. curves are to both ends of die main and tartret ~ k s . T [ ~ t e s t w a s " ~ i ~ i e r e d ~ased n this area reduction. In constructing the d sign curves, die unsuccessflll o ,::::~%. ii~" . . . . ::.....!i~ ::'- high temperature curves above 3600 ft ~ (334.6 m ~) of application

. . . . -~:~':+~:.~.::...-~:. ~?::~:... ::~ ":" . therefore represent 40 percent reductions in area of application of I e s t 148 was conducted wittl cenin ....... .ii~l~let~ ..... -:.:~ia-racg • • ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . g '~l~:. ~J."-'! . . file ordinary temperature curves in the 6000 ft to 10,0~) ft (557.6 m

sprinklers. In-rack sprmxlers ~{ owc ta~ . . ' . . ' ~ t eacl~ level (top o t to 999 41 in "~ rarl~re first, second, and third d e r s . . ~ h d " ~ . e Ioc~i :~rb- lhe longitudinal ~ " ; ~ " flue. They were directly a.~{..e each ~ u e r ,~x l~Yf t (7.32 m) on .lest 84 indict.ted .die number of intermediate temperature rated center or 22 ft (6.71 m).:;~;/i:::~.h s[..~ of the ~ i t i o n flue. Ceilin~ sprinklers operat ing is essentially file same ,as ordinary temperature sprinkler discharge density ~-./..~..~~5 g p m / f t ~ [(15.3 L / m i n ) / m ]. rated sprinklers. In-rack sprinkler discharge prd~'.t...e, was 30 psi (206.8 kPa). A total {ROP 231C-1) of 46 ceiling sprinklers and 3 in -~!~ . " t ' i nk le r s opened, and 34 " " percent of the commodity was c o n ~ e d . Tile fire consumed most B-6-9.8 Tests 77 and 95 were conducted to investigate protect ion

a lal between the m s ~ needed on enca sulated commodit ies Tile s tandard commodity of the m, ted, " -racl~::~prinkler and jr roped both P ' • aisles. [38 in. x 38 in. x 36 in. high (0.97 m x 0.97 m x 0.91 m high) sheet

B-5-10 Fire tests with open-top containers in the upper tier of storage and a port ion of rite third tier of storage produced an increase in sprinkler operation from 36 to 41 sprinklers and a more p ronounced aisle j u m p ,and increase in fire spread in tile main array. The smooth underside of the containers closely approximates fire behavior of slave pallets.

Installation of in-rack sprinklers or an increase in ceiling sprinkler density should be considered.

B-6-4 Tests 71, 73, 81, 83, 91, 92, 95, and 100 in the 20-ft (6.l-m) high ,array involving a single level o f in-rack sprinklers were conduc ted without heat or water shields. Results were satisfactory.

metal container inside a 42 in. × 42 in. x 42 in. (1.07 m x 1.07 m x 1.07 m) double tri-walled carton] was covered with a sheet of 4-rail to 6-rail thick polyethylene film stapled in place at the bottom. Test 77 at 0.30 density with ceiling sprinklers only went beyond the parameters for validity. Subsequent privately sponsored tests indicated control at 0.45 density. Test 95 indicated sprinklers at file ceiling and in racks adequately control dais hazard. These test results were compared with Tests 65, 66, and 82 with comparable test configurations but without the plastic film covering.

Aprivately sponsored test was made with ceiling sprinklers only. 2 At a density of 0.45 g p m / f t ~ [(18.30 L / m i n ) / m ], 40 sprinklers

operated. Fire spread was slightly greater than in Test 65 widl 0.3

800

N F P A 2 3 1 C ~ A 9 8 R O P

gpm / f t ~ [(12.22 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] discharging from 45 sprinklers. Where the distance from die top of storage to die ceiling was reduced f rom 10 ft to 3 ft (3.1 m to 0.91 m) with 0.45 g p m / f t ~ [(18.33 L / m i n ) / m e ] density, 11 sprinklers operated. Fire spread was less than in Test 65 or the previous privately sponsored test.

In order to evaluate die effect on plastic wrapping or encapsulation of pallet loads, Tests 77 and 95 were conduc ted as a part of the 20-ft (6.l-m) test series within the rack storage testing progranl, mad Tests. 1 and 2 were. conducted as a part of rivately sponsored Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. tests. Bot~ SPI Tests 1 and 2 are considered ~did and indicate tbat Class I and II commodit ies can b e p r o t e c t e d by ceil ing sprinklers only, using densities as indic~atedin design curves. Tbese two tests also compare the restllts of a 3-ft (0.91-m) clearance from the top of storage to die sprinkler head deflectors with a 10-ft (3.l-m) cleararlce from the top of storage to die sprinkler head deflectors. A significant reduction in die number of sprinklers open ing is indicated widl tile 3-ft (0.91-m) deflector clearance to the top of storage.

Subsequently, Tests 140 and 141 were made using the standard commodity. Tbe disumce from file top of storage to the sprinkler deflector was redtlced to 3 ft (0.91 m). With 0.30 g p m / f t ~ [(12.22 L / m i n ) / m e ] density, 36 sprinklers operated; and with 0.20 g p m / f t ~ [(8.15 L / m i n ) / m ~] density, 89 sprinklers operated. Fire spread was somewhat less than iu Tests 65 and 70 with a 10-ft (3.l-m) space

These results indicate die effect of in-rack sprinklers on storage bigber dlan 25 ft (7.6 m). From the ceiling sprinkler operation standpoint , a fire witll an expected higb heat release rate was converted to a fire with a much lower beat release rate.

Since die fires developed slowly and opened sprinklers at two levels in the racks, only a few ceiling sprinklers were needed to eshxblisb control. Thus, the sprinkler operat ing area does not vary with beigbt for storage over 25 ft (7.6 m) or for cbanges in sprinkler temperature rating mad density.

All tests with sprinklers in racks were conducted using nominal 1/e-in. (12.7-ram) orifice size sprinklers of ordinary temperature.

B-8-1.1 In die I, LSP Rack Storage test series as well as die Stored Plastics Program Palletized test series, compar tmented 16-oz (0.47- L) polystyrene jars were found to produce significantly higher protect ion requirements than the same commodity in a nested configuration. Polystyrene glasses and expanded polystyrene plates were comparable to the nes ted jars.

Different storage configurations widfin cartons or different products of die same basic plastic might, therefore, require reduced protection requirements.

In Test RSP-7, with nominal 15-ft (4.6-m) high storage with comparunen ted ja r s , a 0.60 g p m / f t ~ [(24.4 L / m i n ) / m z] density, 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles, and a 10-ft (3.l-m) ceiling clearance, 29 sprinklers

between tbe top of storage and the ceiling• opened, In Tests RSP.4 with po[~tryrene glasses. ILSP-5 with B,6-11.1 Tests were not conducted with aisles wider dian 8 ft (2.44 expanded polysty~'.ene plates, ~ . P - I 6 witb nested polystyrene jars m) or narrower d/an 4 ft (1.22 m). It is, therefore, not possible to a!l s tored ~ nominal 15-f.t , ~ m ) , l~,!gbt, 107fto(3.1-m.) cefli.ng , 9,

w ow t u shou or clearance ~5 tt (.X a,4-m) at..~.~ :~xlct u ou m / t t l (X4 4 L / m m ) / m - de te rmine berber I er ce ' l ing densi "es ld be used f aisle : , - - . ..... " i ~ ...... . gP " • widths greater dlan 8 ft (2.44 m) or if higher densities should be density, only 4 spr lnkler . . ,~pe~: . : . . used for aisle widths less tban 4 ft (1.22 m). However, Test RSp:..z] ]'~..itll ~ . . d e d polystyrene plates and 6-ft B-6-13 Test 107, a multiple-row rack test conduc ted witb p,altet (1.83-m) a i s l e s , . d e l . ~ _ ~ a ' ~ d a n ~:̂ _ ~ . i n the number .o f

• e o erating sprinklers to:-~ l e s t l~l ' - l .~mlth ex ancted polystyrene loads but ted agaanst eacb other, was twelv rows long. Each row was 1~ . . . . . . . :,-.-.- . . . . ?..-'z . . . . P . . . . . re~nr hr~ye~ clt~.n IA/ith 13 4~ crnm/ft 2 [(IR g ] : ~ m i n i m "~ l density frnm plates, nominally 1~ it (ff~:m) lalgll'-':~dul a it.l-it (3.i-m) clearance

• • a n d 8 - f t ( 2 .... ~ii~i ~.J.l~:" ote e c l o n l y b y 0 4 b g p m / t t [ (183 ceding sprinklers only, fire spread to a depdi o f d i ree rows on both . . . . . ~ ~ - - ' . . ' ~ . . . . t . . . . . . . . . . . sides of dae ignition point Fire damage, number of sprinklers open, L/re. m)/....m*.l ~ . . ~ ~ sprinklers anct nurnet t lull percent and t ime rack steel temperature above 1000°F (538°(3} were ot tile : ~ t l c co't~.:.:m., ochty. considerably greater than in comparable double-row rack Test 68. A~-f~. .minal 2(J':-~-:..(6.[.-m) storage beigbt with 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles Temperatures at tbe ceiling did not reacb dangerous limits. Fire and a 3 - ~ . i ~ l - m ) c~.~.~ clear,'mce, 0.60 g p m / f t ~ [(24.4 intensity at die ends of rows w,xs sufficiently intense to conclude dlat .~,..~...L~..j.n)/di"~-~i~x'~.nsity..#~ened 4 sprinklers with polystyrene glasses in racks with deepe r rows need additional protection. .#~:rf'~i.: .~SP-2 a/~-i~-~,..~jprinklers with expanded polystyrene plates in

. ..:-'.~" Tes~!-~SP-6 In ~.~{'ILSP-8, however widl die ceiling clearance B-7-10.1 Tile r ecommended use of ordinary tempera ture rated ..~.-.':::..x . ...:::. . ." . . . . . .x: . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~¢.-'..~ in " .~to~:-,t~i,t I3.t m~ anct ouaer variables neK1 constant, DI snnnklers at ceding for storage higher dian 25 ft (7.6 m) was ..... ~-.'?.: ~ . : . 2:..'., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ nea, ana lUU percent ot me plastic commoaity de te rmined by die results of fire test dam.. A test with hil~b .. " : ~ ~ ~ temperature rated spnnklers and 0.45 g p m / f t [(18.30 L/mm~:.. :':{ii::: ::~'~;:~:~" density resulted in fire damage in die two top tiers jus t witl)..'~::" %':j. ~ S P - 3 wida polystyrene k i s s e s at a nominal height of 25 ft acceptable limits, with three ceiling sprinklers operating. ~ t widl~i~ '~ (7.61;~' ~ with a ~f t (0.91-m) cei l ingclearance, 8-ft (2.44-m) aisles, 0.45 gpm / f t ~ [(18.30 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] density and o r d i n a ~ t~'nff~.t.aj~.~ U and~-"~3.60 g p m / f t ~ [(24.4 L / m i n ) / m z] ceiling sprinkler density in rated sprinklers p roduced a dramatic reduction in fil ;~ii~3.mag~"~ combinat ion widl one level of in-rack sprinklers, resulted in 4 four ceiling_, sprinklers o peratin, g. .::::,-~::":':: :~::~:":'-':: "::~<':~":~:'-':.~:i.'.::i::, .,x ceiling, sprinklers and 2 in-rack sprinklers, operating. Test RSP-9,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . -:-'.'-:" . . . . . "::~-~.:-'.-::)~::~'.'::" w~th die same configuration but vath polystyrene plates, opened 12 l n e tour oramary temperature ratea cenmg s.i~.':mva~ oper.gttea ~.::~:~::- ~ . . . . . . . ;~vl . . . . n a : . . . . ~ ...~:..~l~o before die first of tbe diree lugh temperature g'.a~!~:eihl~::.. ::::::.. .:~:.. v sprinklers. In botb tests, two in-rack sprinklers a t " ~ ~ o p ~ d No tests were conducted witb compar tmen ted polystyrene jars at at approximately die same time. The hig!.l:.z:~.t.~..perat~t~:".'g.~.ted ..#-'~ storage heigbts in excess of a n o m i n a l l 5 ft (4.6 m) as a part of dais sprinklers were at all times fighting a I ~ ' ~ w i d i l~'~i~.t.~:'than program. tile ordinary temperature r tted cedi sprmk|~rs

' , , ~ ' " ~ " " .ii." • :"~ii'~:" B-8-1 4 All tests in die ILSP series were conducted utilizing ordinary (ROP 231 C~v.I) 4";~!;~iiiiiik:...::-$i~:~.':::ii~i;ii!::.:,. %: ~i!'~" tempera tnre rated sprinklers. However, after close review of all test

Tests 11 ~ and 119 compare ceili.ng s ~ | e r c i~ . "~ i~ f 0.30 data, die Tecbnical Commit tee on Rack Storage believes that using gpm/ f t ~ [(12.22 L/mirl)/m~.::~i~,.: .:45 ~ . . f t ~ [ (1"~'.3 L / m i n ) / m ~ ] . intermediate or lfigb tempera ture rated sprinklers does not cause Damage pat terns conpled .~.'~l t h e ' ~ b e r ' : ~ . ~ . # ~ e s damaged in the the demand areas to be any larger than dlose designated in Cbapter main rack suggest tbat tl~.~'i~.crease .~'.~ d e n s i t y ~ d u c e s improved 8; therefore, dleir use sbould be permitted. control, particularly in t;fi'e'~:.X, at26~)e the tol¢:'fier of in-rack (ROP 231C-1)

sprinklers. ":: i~, B-11-1.2 Test 85 was conducted to evaluate die results of a liquid Tests 119 arid 122 compare 2~..:.([:..41 oC) widl 165°F (74°C) spill fire• Test results indicate it is not practical from an economic

ceiling sprirlkler temp.er~ure ratif i~'~ireview of die number of _ s tandpoint to install sprinkler systems with densities capable of poxes oamagect and the n re spreac~-i~atterns incticates mat tile use ot controll ing sucb a fire, and, dlerefore, industrial trucks should be ordinary temperature rated ceiling sprinklers on a rack fueled outside of buildings only• configuration fllat incorporates in-rack sprinklers dramatically reduces die amotmt of fire spread. Considering that in-rack sprinklers in die over-25-ft (7.6-m) test series o p e r a t e d p r i o r to ceiling sprinklers, it would seem that tile installation of in-rack sprinklers converts an otherwise rapidly developing fire, f rom tile s tandpoint of ceiling sprinklers, to a slower developing fire witb a lower rate of beat release• ( R O P 231C-1)

In tile 20-ft (6.l-m) higb test series, ceiling sprinklers operated before in-rack sprinklers. In the 30-ft (9.l-m) high series, ceiling sprinklers opera ted after in-rack sprinklers. Tbe 50-ft (15.24-m) bigh test did not operate ceiling sprinklers. Ceiling sprinklers would, however , be needed if fire occurred in upper levels.

A p p e n d i x C R e f e r e n c e d P u b l i c a t i o n s

C-1 Tile following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this s tandard for informational purposes only and are dins not considered part of tbe requirements of this s tandard unless also listed in (3bapter 13. The edition indicated bere for each reference is die current edition as of die date of die NFPA issuance of dlis standard.

801

N F P A 2 3 1 C - - A 9 8 R O P

C-I.I NFPA Publicat ions. Nation,--d Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, I994 edition.

NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Proration Systems, 1995 edition.

NFPA 51B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, 1994 edition.

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 1993 edition. NFPA 82, Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling

,~sterns and Equipmen~ 1994 edition. NFPA 231E, Recomrnended Practic~ for the Storage of Baled Cotton,

1989 edition. NFPA 1420, Recommended Practice for Pre-Incident Planning for

Warehouse Occ,lpancies, 1993 edition.

C-1.2 Other References.

Factory Mutu,'d Research Corporation, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, Norwood, MA 02061-9102.

National Fire Protection Research Foundation, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 1275 K Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005.

.....--i~i~-::,

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802

Documents

Report of the Committee on J. - NFPA 231C ~ A98 ROP Exception No. 1: Up to 10 pallet loads of a higher hazard commodity, within the scope of dais standard, may be present in an area