REPORT - GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

2061*6CD

39

Geology and Hydrology; - of

NEAL'S LANDFILL

Monroe County, Indiana

Richard L. PowellGeosciences Research Associates, Inc.

414 South Walnut StrettBloomington, Indiana 47401

8 August 1983

LOCATION OF SITE

Geographic Location:Neal's Landfill is located in central western Monroe County, Indiana,

about five miles due west of Bloomington. The site is situated north ofIndiana State Highway 48, at the north end of a lane that is situated onemile west of the junction with Oard Road and six-tenths of a mile east ofGarrison Chapel Road (Figure 1).

Legally, the landfilled area is mostly within the Southeast Quarter ofthe Southwest Quarter of Section 33, Township 9 North, Range 2 West, SecondPrincipal Meridian, with a small portion in the West Half of the SouthwestQuarter of the Southeast Quarter of the same section. Many of the itemsdiscussed in the following report are immediately adjacent to this area,although some others are as much as a few miles away.

Physiography:Neal's Landfill is situated on a col or saddle that is astraddle a

watershed divide on an east-west oriented ridge such that the natural surfacedrainage is generally to the north and to the south into tributaries ofRichland Creek (U.S.G.S., Whitehall quadrangle, 1957). The col is about 100to 150 feet lower than adjacent places on the same ridge and about 50 feethigher than the valley bottom to the south (here called South Branch ofRichland Spring Branch) and about 75 feet higher than the valley to the north(here informally named Conard Branch of Richland Creek) (Figure 2). Thus,within about a half mile, the local relief is about 225 feet, typical of thenorthern part of the Crawford Upland physiographic unit.

The Neal's Landfill is located near the eastern margin of the CrawfordUpland physiographic unit of Malott (1922, p. 98-102 and p. 215-247), aboutone-half mile west of the ragged east facing Chester escarpment. The CrawfordUpland is characterized by relatively steep hills or ridges and narrow valleyswith a local relief of a few hundred feet. The valleys have been formed bystream erosion or downcutting into sequences of comparatively thin sandstones,shales and limestones of the Chesterian Series of Late Mississippian Age.Locally, the lower parts of valleys along the eastern margin of the CrawfordUpland have developed within a thick sequence of predominantly limestone strataof the Blue River Group (mostly of the Merimecian Series of Middle Mississippian

SUBTERRANEAN DRAINAGE FEATURES

Sinkholes and Sinking Streams:There are at least thirteen sinkholes and four intermittent sinking streams

present at or near the Neal's Landfill, on or immediately adjacent to theWilliam Taylor Property (Figure 2). No permanently flowing sinking streams werefound on the ridge or in the attendant valleys. About 30 sinkholes and swallow-holes (termini of sinking streams) were found during the field investigationthat are not shown on the Whitehall topographic quadrangle (1957, 74 minuteseries), mainly owing to their small size or shallow depth, but also because

they are for the most part located in wooded areas. The locations of these sink-

holes are shown on Figures 1 and 2. Additional small sinkholes may be present

that were not found because they were obscured by luxuriant vegetation at the

time the field work was done.Thirteen depressions within 500 feet of the actual landfilled area were

identified as sinkholes or swallowholes. The various sinkholes are tabulatedas follows, each designated by its approximate location according to thesurvey (marked by flags in the field) that was established by the Technos, Inc.study (Tab-le--l). Four places were considered to be possible soil-filled

sinkholes and one a possible swallowhole (Table 2).One swallowhole and three possible sinkholes were identified from aerial

photographs in areas now buried by the landfill (Table 3). The pond at 930E-SOON appears from air photo analysis to have been a sinkhole that is now filledwith water.

Several depressions at the Neal's Land Fill site were examined and found to

be sinkholes. These places are listed here as Table 4.

There are at least fourteen sinkholes and intermittent sinking streams alongthe ridge to the west of the site (Figure J.J..- The sinkholes found on the ridge

west of the site were for the most part less than 30 feet in diameter and onlya few feet deep. Most of the sinkholes contained some soils on their slopes andin the bottoms, but several contained exposures of limestone. Several of thesinkholes were actually swallowholes for short intermittent streams. Most ofthese have a natural surface drainage area of less than four acres. A few arefed in part by seasonal seepages from porous zones (soils or strata) in an upslopeposition.

Two sinkholes on the valley slopes about 1000 feet and 1500 feet east-southeast of the site divert minor amounts of surface water into the subsurfaceflow. Two sinkholes, actually a compound sinkhole, located high above the siteabout 1,000 feet east-northeast of the landfill divert water from a small surfacearea into subsurface flow. A small sinkhole about 400 feet southeast of NorthSpring may divert a very small amount of surface water to that spring.

Two other sinkholes shown in the study area require a brief explanation.The Anderson Pit, located about 3,000 feet east of the site, is a simple cleftin the limestone about eight feet deep and a few feet in diameter. The sinkholenorth of the site marked by "kw" on Figure 1 may be a karst window. Thissinkhole appears to be a collapse sinkhole about six feet deep and has a pool ofwater at the bottom that may be at the level of a cave stream. Neither AndersonPit nor the karst window have any apparent connection with groundwater beneaththe landfill site.

Table 1. Sinkholes and Swallowholes at Neal's Landfill

HOW 430N Trash filled, overgrown sinkhole about 40 by 50 feet.100W 1170N Tire and trash filled sinkhole. Swallowhole beneath tires

one foot deep takes intermittent flow from gully that headsto south.

10E 1000N Small swallowhole under large limestone block receives somedrainage along intermittent gully that heads near northwestcorner of landfill.

90E 1040N Swallowhole that accepts all drainage from gully that headsin vicinity of northwest corner of landfill.

170E 910N Overgrown, trash filled, including vehicle, sinkhole about30 feet across.

680E 1100N Swallowhole that now receives intermittent flow from gullythat heads at embankment at 760E-1030N, but formerly mayhave taken the flow from large area (barrow area) to theeast-southeast.

650E 70S Very shallow sinkhole about 40 x 50 feet650E 200S Large sinkhole about 40 x 50 feet, with some trash and in

part overgrown.720E 50S Compound sinkhole, irregular outline, with several holes,

some containing trash. One hole is now a swallowhole thatreceives drainage when the ditch along the southeast side ofthe landfill overflows. This intermittent swallowhole wasprobably a sinkhole prior to stream diversion around thelandfill.

840E 320N Swallowholes in the west side of Cattail Pond.1050E 815N Trash filled shallow sinkhole a few feet across.1080E 850N Trash filled shallow sinkhole a few feet across.1125E 850N Very small, shallow sinkhole.

Table 2. Possible Sinkholes at Neal's Landfill

560E 1170N Possible swallowhole with minor trash that takes intermittentflow from gully that heads to the east-southeast.

1160E 230N Possible filled sinkhole,' but could be a filled pit or shallowdepression related to the farm or landfill operation.

1110E 880N Possible very shallow soil filled sinkhole a few feet across.1190E 980N Possible very shallow soil filled sinkhole about 20 feet across1200E 240N Possible shallow soil filled sinkhole about 20 feet across.

Table 3. Buried Swallowhole and Possible Sinkholes at Neal'sLandfill From Aerial Photograph Analysis

880E 320N Swallowhole near lower end of ravine heading northeast ofthe "Cattail Pond".

730E 240N Possible buried sinkhole.



920E 720N Pond may possibly have been a sinkhole.

Table 4. Non-Sinkhole Depressions at Neal's Landfill

120W 190N A gully head, no sinkhole found.



260W 480N More likely a dry impoundment than a sinkhole.

220W 90S A gully head, no sinkhole found.

350E 230N Man made impoundment (sediment basin).

710E 1000N A gully head, no sinkhole found.

Caverns:Several extensive caverns are known within a few miles of the Neal's

Landfill site. Saltpeter Cave and Wayne Cave, both located two miles southof the site, each contain over four miles of passages. Salamander Cave, 1.5miles south of the site, is over a mile long. I. U..Cave, about a mile southof the site, has about 2,000 feet of passages (Figure 2). Strongs Cave, justover a mile northeast of the site, is about 3,900 feet long (Figure 2). RenardSchool Cave has more than a mile, of passages about two miles northwest of thesite. Each of these caverns is tributary to a large spring within the easternmargin of the Crawford Upland. All derive the water which flows through them

from sinkholes and swallowholes along the eastern margin of the Crawford Upland

and the western margin of the Mitchell Plain. They are all developed in theSte. Genevieve Limestone as the drainage generally follows the dip of the bedrock.

The nearest mapped cave to the landfill is the Baldwin Cave located about2,000 feet southwest of the landfill, on the ridge across the valley from thelandfill. The cave consists of a crawlway entrance into a small pit a few feetdeep and does not have any known hydrologic relationship to the landfill site.

The next nearest cavern is I. U. or Truitt Cave under the Chester escarpmentlocated about 4,000 feet south-southeast of the landfill. The cave is part ofthe subterranean drainage route for a sinking stream that drains about 2,000acres of the Mitchell Plain to the southeast and east of the site. The subter-ranean waters resurface at Richland Springs in the Crawford Upland about 3,000feet northwest of the cave and 3,000 feet southwest of the landfill. The StrongsCave system, with spring outlets at Card's Springs located some 5,500 feet north-east of the landfill, carries subterranean drainage beneath the Chester escarpment

from two intermittent sinking stream valleys on the Mitchell Plain. These springsare a significant source of water to Richland Creek. The Conard Cave, locatedabout 6,000 feet northwest of the site, is across the valley of Richland Creekfrom the site and has no apparent relationship to the landfill site.

A cave was reported on the Sarber property south of State Road 48 about1,000 feet south of the landfill. Mr. Sarber reported that the cave had a pitentrance about 70 feet deep and that the cave passage was for the most partsufficiently large to allow walking for a long distance to the southwest.

The flow from South and North Springs, considering also the high dischargeof stormwaters from the overflow springs, suggests that cavern passages most

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likely discharge at the springs. These passages would be expected to have anorientation generally along the dip of the strata. The exact number, size, andprecise location of passages is not known.

Springs, Seeps and Wet Weather Rises:Numerous seeps and springs occur within about one mile of the Neal's

Landfill site, most of which were included in a water sampling schedule (Figure1). Most of the springs are apparently not hydrologically related to thelandfill site, as shown by measured discharges of spring waters or stream flowand by proven connections of some springs to known surface drainage basins inareas adjacent to that postulated for the site, as explained in a subsequentsection. Four seeps, two springs, and four storm water overflow springs appearto account for most of the subterranean drainage from the Neal's Landfill site.

Two springs, both possibly permanently flowing springs, mark the emergenceof subterranean drainage or groundwater in the valley north of the landfill asspring sources of Conard Branch of Richland Creek. South Spring is the largerof the two, based on amount of flow, and is the farthest upstream on ConardBranch and nearest NeaVs Landfill (about 350 feet northwest of the landfill).This spring is at a topographic altitude of 729.32 feet asl. North Spring islocated about 250 feet north of South Spring and about 600 feet north-northwestof the landfill at an altitude of about 718.78 feet asl.

Four storm water overflows, also called wet weather rises or intermittentsprings, occur upstream of the South Spring. These storm water discharge openingsare situated a few feet higher than the South Spring such that they flow only whenthe subterranean flow is too great to exit at South Spring, causing flooding up-stream in the subterranean conduits that feed South Spring. One overflow resemblesa dry spring while the other three are rock and cobble choked areas at the headsof small dry stream channels. The exact subterranean flood conditions necessaryto cause the wet weather springs to function are not known, nor is the sequenceknown in which each commences to flow as the subgerranean water level rises.

Four seeps were located adjacent to the landfill. The Southwest Seep(763.09 feet asl) along the southern edge of the landfill and Deer Lick Seep(787.19 feet asl) along the northern edge are places where water is seeping directlyout of the base of the landfill. Bedsprings Seep (757.83 feet asl) is within agully below a trash covered area north of the main landfill. Frog Seep (771.0feet asl), the smallest seepage, is along the side of a gully north of the landfill.

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A Determination of the Drainage Basin of South and North Springs:Measurements of stream flow at known springs and at selected points on

Richland Creek and its tributaries were made in a three day period (4th-6thJune 1982) to obtain some concept of the size of the drainage area necessaryto provide the water that issues from South Spring and North Spring. The pointsof measurement are located on the map, Figure 1, and the data are presented as

Table 5.The measured flow from Oard Branch (J) and South Spring (0) is not

consistent with the data from watersheds in the general area, assuming that

the only drainage area contributing to these stations is the surface drainagearea above the gage. The drainage area above each gaging point was divided bythe measured flow rate. The drainage area for the karst drainage basin atRichland Spring has been delineated by dye tracing studies. For flowing surfacewater and karst drainage basins in the general watershed area (gage points A, B,C, D, E and L) the ratio of drainage area to measured flow ranged from 0.77 to

24.6 mi /cfs. The values for the larger watershed are close to the ratio of area

2to mean annual discharge of 1 mi /cfs observed for long term gaging stations insouthern Indiana. The South Spring has a surface drainage area above the springof about 40 acres (.06 sq. mile) that includes the north side of the landfill.There is probably some amount of water stored in the landfill, as evidenced bythe seeps, but not likely enough to account for the flow at the South and NorthSprings. The ratio of contiguous surface drainage area to flow for the SouthSpring is about .17 square mile per cubic foot per second (cfs) flow, which istoo small an area to account for the flow. The combined flow of the South andNorth Spring, .55 cfs, including several other small seeps downstream, measuredabove the confluence with Richland Creek (J) was .49 cfs, indicating an underflowof about .06 cfs.

Three small surface drainage basins adjacent to the Conard Branch had novisible surface drainage at the time other.flow measurements were made: a water-shed on the Anderson Property (G), a watershed on the Andrews and Reese properties(H), and a watershed on the Conard property (K).

Richland Springs, for comparison purposes, consists of two perennial springswith several wet weather rises or storm water overflow openings a few feet higher.The combined flow was 3.1 cfs at about the same time as South and North Springswere measured. Richland Springs have been hydrologically connected by a dye

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Table 5. Spring and Stream Discharge Data

Key to Map Figure

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

M.

N.

0.

MeasurementPoint

Richland CreekStrongs Cave headwaters(includes areas H, J, K, and Land Anderson and Reese Springs)

Richland Springs Branch(includes areas E, G and G)

Richland Springs Branch(includes areas D and E)

Richland Springs

Cave Creek

South Branch

Watershed on Anderson Property

Watershed on Reese and Andrews

Reese Spring

Conard Branch(includes North and South Spring)

Watershed on Conard Farm

Richland Creek above ConardBranch

Anderson Spring

North Spring

South Spring

Quantityof flow

cfs

4.7 pm

3.5 pm

4.3 pm

3.1 pm

2.6 pm

.104 f

0

0

.002 est

.49 f

0

4.4 pm

.' .-.05 f

.19 f

.36 f

SurfaceDrainage

Areasq. miles

3.51.0

4.5

.84.1

4.9

2.8.5

3.3

3.2

2.8

.48

.06

.09

-

.23

.22

4.5

-

-

.06

RatioSquare M

per cf

.96

1.4

.77

1.03

1.08

4.6

-

-

-

.47

-

1.02

-

-.17

Flow measurements at North and South Springs made 4 June 1982. A l l othermeasurements made 6 June 1982 (pm denotes measurements with pygmy meter,f denotes flume measurements).

trace with the swallowholes of Cave Creek which has a drainage area of about2.8 square miles and which had a flow of 2.6 cfs on 6 June 1982. A part ofI. U. Cave lies along a straight line between the swallowholes and RichlandSprings, and the cave shows evidence of flooding, indicating that the main cavepassage carries stormwaters. The additional drainage area of Richland Springson the ridges above- the springs and between the swallowholes of Cave Creek andRichland Springs amounts to about .4 square miles. The flow of Cave Creekaverages about 1.06 square mile per cubic foot per second of flow, and the flow

from Richland Springs is about the same.The flow of Richland Creek above the confluence with the Conard Branch (L),

including the flow from Oard Springs and the sinking streams that flow through

Strongs Cave to the springs, averages about .96 square miles per cfs. Theaverage for Richland Creek above the confluence with Richland Springs Branch (A)

is 1.38 square miles per cfs.A ratio of about one square mile of drainage area for one cubic foot per

second of flow is thus established. The .55 cfs discharge from South and North2

Springs would require a drainage area of about .55 mile or about 350 acres.

This would be five times larger than the .11 square mile (70 acres) of watershedabove the springs. Thus, about an additional 280 acres of .44 square miles ofsurface drainage area are necessary to supply the springs.

Sources of additional subterranean water via cavernous routes to the Southand North Springs may include some of the following areas:

1. Sinking stream on the southeast side of the landfill thatheads 2,000 feet east of the landfill, amounting to about50 acres. .08 sq. mile

2. Drainage from head of hollow, about 20 acres, to southeast

of site, south of State Highway 48, upstream and east ofthe cavern reported on the Sarber property. .03 sq. mile

3. Part of the karst valley with numerous sinkholes east ofthe Chester escarpment and north of the terminus of CaveCreek, north and south of State- Road 48, (extending to thedrainage boundaries of waters that flow through StrongsCave to Oard Springs, or through I. U. Cave to RichlandSprings), amounting to about 330 acres. .52 sq. mile

4. Groundwater from perched water bodies beneath the ridge tothe east of the landfill. No estimates of area or amountof water possible with data available. But note that streams

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off the ridge were dry (areas G, H, and K) and that flow inSouth Branch was deficient.

5. Underflow or loss from the valley of Cave Creek where itflows across the Mitchell Plain to the east and southeast ofthe site. No estimate possible with available data.

Joint Measurements:The orientations of seventeen joints were taken at the bedrock surface

adjacent to the southwest part of the landfill area as a sample of the joint

orientations at the site. The rose diagram (Figure 4), graphically shows the

measured joint orientations, but does not depict the numbers of joints along

every orientation that may be present in the bedrock at the site. Each rayon the diagram includes all measured joints within a five degree range, spaced

two and a half degrees to either side of every five degrees, starting with 0or 360°. Additional datum points could add to the trends of joints present

and could alter the apparent significance of any particular trend.The diagram shows a large number of joints within a narrow range that

trends east-west and a broad range of joints oriented along a northwest-southeast direction. The east-west trending joints would in part correspondto master joints, those oriented more in a north-south direction shouldcorrespond to cross joints. Master joints are commonly longer than cross jointsand extend vertically through several beds of rocks. Joints that are parallelor nearly parallel to master joints, but which extend through only one bed of

rock are included within the master joint set. Cross joints usually are notvertically continuous through more than one bed of rock. The joint measurementstaken at the site do not show a strong nearly north-south orientation of crossjoints present at several other localities in the region, but do show a widerange of cross joint orientations common to a few other sites in the Ste.Genevieve Limestone. These trends of Joints as shown on the rose diagramcorrespond for the most part with joint trends known from other localities atabout the same stratigraphic position (Powell, 1976).

The primary importance of the fracturing at the site is not so much theorientation of the fractures as the fact that the rock is relatively closelyjointed. Thus, both vertical and lateral flow of water is facilitated by thenumerous fractures rather than restricted to preferential flow along a fewjoints in a particular direction. Caverns in the region have developed along

15

both master joints and cross joints, commonly along the dip of the bedrock.The angular pattern of cave passages reflects the orientation of the passagesalong joints (Powell, 1976).

. ,,.the

RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY BORINGS

Stratigraphy:

The eight preliminary borings at Neal's Landfill penetrated soils andmostly limestone bedrock in which solutional enlarged fractures, bedding planes,

and voids or cavities were encountered. The soils encountered in these borings

were silty clays and clays with some cherty gravel. Soil materials ranged in

thickness from three feet to about ten feet, with six to eight feet of soil on

the bedrock in five holes. The rock units penetrated by each of the borings

are shown on Figure 5. Detailed descriptions of the rocks and their weathering

and solution features are included in the Appendix. A generalized chart of

stratigraphic nomenclature is shown as Figure 3. Nearly all of the bedrock

exposed at the site is part of the Blue River Group and consists of the Paoli

and Ste. Genevieve Limestones.

The main problem encountered describing the cores was that there were losses

of core at some places during the boring such that there were gaps between portions

of the core. The intervals of core losses were obtained from the E and E boring

logs and the driller's logs. All of the borings except 6A were drilled to adepth below the elevation or altitude of South Spring. All of the strata to thedepth drilled are within the Paoli and Ste. Genevieve Limestones.

Stratigraphy from Cores:

The highest bedrock unit identified in the cores is the Paoli Limestone.

The Paoli Limestone here consists mostly of micritic or lithographic limestones,

but with some fine crystalline limestones. Some shale may have been lost in

coring. The Paoli is not present above the landfilled area owing to erosion.

The Paoli overlies the Bryantsville Breccia Bed of the Ste. Genevieve Limestonethat was identified in Borings 1A and 3A and which is exposed on the hillsideabove Borings 2A and 2B, and downhill from Boring 1A.

The Bryantsville Breccia Bed consists of a zone of lithified angular to

subrounded rock debris that is considered to mark an unconformity of low relief

(Perry and Smith, 1958, p. 31-34). This, unit occurs at the top of the Levias

Member of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone and has been used as a key or marker bedfor geological and structural mapping (Perry and Smith, 1958, plate 2, and Gates

and Melhorn, unpublished).The Bryantsville Breccia Bed is present in a surface exposure at an altitude

of about 826 feet asl just east of Borings 2A and 2B and at an altitude of about

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813 feet asl southwest of Boring 1A. The Bryantsville was identified in

Boring 1A at an altitude of about 812 feet asl. It occurred at an altitude ofabout 811 feet asl in Boring 3A. The similar altitude for this bed in Borings1A and 3A as compared to the higher altitude in the bedrock exposure aboveBorings 2A and 2B indicates that the dip is to the- northwest.

Most of the Levias Member is oolitic fine grained crystalline limestones(oosparite) and lithographic limestones (very fine grained or micritic

limestones), with some crystalline limestones and shales. These units, partic-ularly the oolitic limestones and shales, vary considerably in thickness from

place to place such that none are suitable as key or marker beds over a large

area. These units are best seen in Borings 2B and 3A. Owing to core losses,

a correlation with similar units in Borings 1A and 5A was not clear.

Sandy limestones correlated with the Spar Mountain Member of the Ste.Genevieve Limestone of Carr (1978) occur in most of the borings. Carr (1978,p. 16) includes other rock types in this unit. The unit is eroded from aboveBorings 4A and 8A and the top of the unit appears to be missing owing toerosion in Boring 6A. Borings 2A, 2B and 5A have some loss of core, and thus

the Spar Mountain Member was not used to determine dip of the bedrock at thissite. The core loss above the sandy limestone may be owing to the presence ofa shale unit, similar to a section measured in the Bloomington Crushed StoneQuarry to the northeast of the site. Similarly, the core loss below the sandy•limestone may in part be within a shale at this interval beneath part of thesite.

The Fredonia Member of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone at this site consistspredominantly of beds of micritic limestones, ranging from lithographic lime-

stone to fine grained crystalline limestones, with several zones that includelenses, nodules, balls, and irregular masses of chert (flint). Some of thebeds are fossiliferous and some oolitic. Coarsely crystalline limestone anddolostone also occur in the Fredonia Member. Two distinct chert zones within

the Fredonia were identified in the cores,; but the upper one was seen only inBoring 8A. The lower Fredonia chert zone is a nonfossiliferous micriticlimestone, (lithographic limestone in some places) that includes scattered lightto very dark gray mottled chert about seven to twelve feet above the easilyidentified Lost River Chert Bed.

The Fredonia Chert was identified in Borings 1A (about 733 feet asl), 2A(about 728 feet asl), 3A (about 733 feet asl), 4A (about 725 feet asl), 5A

19

(about 728 feet asl), 6A (about 736 feet asl), and 8A (about 728 feet asl).

The chert is highest in Borings 6A, 3A, and 1A and lowest in Boring 4A. The

altitudes in Borings 6A, 8A and 4A show a slope from 6A towards 4A. The

altitudes in Borings 1A, 5A, and 3A suggest a low area or slight trough between

Borings 1A and 3A. The Fredonia chert slopes from 1A and 3A, which have a

similar altitude, towards 4A, the lowest altitude for the chert. The slopes

are slight and additional boring or geophysical data should be used to determine

any structure on this unit which is not commonly used for structural purposes.

The Lost River Chert Bed occurs about 90 feet below the Bryantsville

Breccia Bed in Boring 1A, and from about 7 to 12 feet below the Fredonia Chert

in the four borings in which it was identified. This chert occurs in fossili-

ferous limestone (biomicrite), and is essentially a fossiliferous chert, which

contains fenestrate bryozoans. It is commonly a few feet thick in Monroe County.

The Lost River Chert was identified in Borings 1A (about 720 feet asl),

2A (about 718 feet asl), 5A (about 713 feet asl) and in 8A (about 718 feet asl).

The Lost River Chert was probably lost in coring in Boring 3A and not reached

by Borings 6A and 4A.

The Lost River Chert is highest in Borings 1A, 2A and 8A, with little

difference in altitude, and is lowest in Boring 5A. Data suggests that the Lost

River Chert probably has about the same dip as the overlying Fredonia Chert, but

more information is needed to show the true dip of the bedrock at the position

of the Lost River Chert.f

The use of additional boring data to obtain more datum points could aid in

the correlation of strata at the site. Electrical or gamma ray logging would

provide valuable depth control for structural mapping in intervals where core

loss is high.

Weathering and Solution Features Seen in Cores:

Numerous examples of rock weathering and actual cavities enlarged by

solution are present in the cores from the, borings (Figure 5). The evidence

of weathering and solution indicates that' although a few beds or rock units

have relatively few solution features, weathering and solution features are

present in some of the rocks in places to depths as much as 25 feet below the

water table (Borings 1A and 2A), and as much as 18 feet below the level of

South Spring (i.e., the void near the bottom of Boring 5A). Stated another

way, the strata in the Fredonia Member in the zone below the water table are

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generally much weathered and show evidence of solutional enlargement of somefractures, joints and bedding planes.

Some of the core was badly broken which made the identification ormeasurement of length of the joint or fractures more difficult, but weatheredor stained joints or fractures were identifiable. Identification of dissolvedrock was done by observing the solutional smoothing of the rock or the presenceof a patina on some weathered surfaces.

Seepage Zones and the Water Table:Seven borings were made to below the water table, excluding Boring 2B.

An upper wet zone or a water bearing zone was reported in Borings 1A, 2A,6A and 8A during drilling. A perched water zone occurred at about the levelof the base of the Spar Mountain Member. A core loss interval immediatelybelow the Spar Mountain Member may be a shaley zone that serves as an aquatard.The upper water zone in Boring 5A is in a lower limestone. The upper ground-water zone in Boring 8A was reported at the position of the upper dolostoneunit.

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SUMMARY

The geologic and hydrologic investigation of the characteristics of

Neal's Landfill site and vicinity clearly show that:

1. The limestone bedrock at the site is much fractured and has been

weathered and dissolved by descending and laterally flowing

groundwater.

2. The slope of the limestone bedrock beneath the site is to the

northwest towards the South Spring.

3. The flow from the South Spring is greater than that available

exclusively from the site.

4. Known extensive cavern systems in the area around Neal's Landfill

contain streams that discharge at springs similar to South Spring.

5. The most likely source for additional subterranean drainage is to

the southeast of the site in sinkhole pitted terrain.

6. The presence of PCBs in waters from the South and North Springs is

an indication of movement of contaminated waters from the landfill

into Conard Branch and Richland Creek.

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REFERENCES CITED

Carr, D. D., R. K. Leininger and M. V. Golde, 1978, Crushed stone resourcesof the Blue River Group (Mississippian) of Indiana: Indiana GeologicalSurvey, Bull. 52, 225 p.

Des Marais, D. J., 1981, Subterranean stream piracy in the Garrison ChapelKarst Valley, Indiana, U.S.A.: Eighth International Congress ofSpeleology, Proceedings, v. 1, p. 196-199.

Gates, G. R., and W. N. Melhorn, unpub., Geology and mineral resources ofMonroe County, Indiana: manuscript, Indiana Geological Survey, 107 p.

Malott, C. A., 1922, The physiography of Indiana: j_n Handbook of IndianaGeology, Indiana Dept. Conservation, Pub. 21, pt. 2, p. 59-256.

National Speleological Society, 1973, NSS 73 Convention Guidebook, 80 p.

Perry, T. G., and N. M. Smith, 1958, The Meramec-Chester and intra-Chesterboundaries and associated strata in Indiana: Indiana Dept. Conservation,Indiana Geological Survey, Bull. 12, 110 p.

Powell, R. L., 1976, Some geomorphic and hydrologic implications of jointingin carbonate strata of Mississippian age in south-central Indiana:unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue University, 169 p.

Shaver, R. H., et al, 1970, Compendium of rock-unit stratigraphy in Indiana:Indiana Geological Survey, Bull. 43, 229 p.

Wier, C. E., and H. H. Gray, 1961, Geologic map of the Indianapolis 1 x 2quadrangle, Indiana and Illinois, showing bedrock and unconsolidateddeposits: Indiana Geological Survey Regional Geologic Map 1, scale1:250,000.

APPENDIX

Neal's Landfill Boring 1AMonroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleNWs, SW*s, SE*s, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian2830 WL, 860 SL, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 39° 10' 03.5" N., Long. 86° 38' 18" W.

Ground level elevation 829.86Top inner casing 831.33Top outer casing 832.37Total depth 120.1

1 0-2.0 Clay, silty, brownish red

2 2.0-3.0 Clay, silty, brownish red, with gravel.

3 3.0-3.5 Limestone, gray.

4 3.5-4.30 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, fine grain crystalline tomicrocrystalline, contains scattered Productid brachs in top,hard and dense; bedding plane solution at top (3.50), 3.55, 3.65;possibly weathered stylo!ite at base.

5 4.30-5.15 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic (lithographic) withcrystalline infilling in top of unit, brecciated in part, hard ancdense, base of unit gradational in 1 cm; solution enlarged beddincplanes at 4.45, 4.80, 5.1; irregular weathered vertical fracturewith white patina and mud stain 4.75 to 5.05.

6 5.15-5.25 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, finely crystalline andpelletal, with fossil fragments; high angle fracture, weatheredwith red mud 5.15 (top) to 5.25.

7 5.25-5.35 F i l l , silty clay, brown 7.SYR 4/4, laminated, contorted aroundgrains of weathered limestone (along inclined joint)./

8 5.35-8.3 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, micritic (lithographic) to micro-crystalline, stylolitic; probable top piece of core is inverted-turned around to make top of unit weathered; bedding plane orstylolite with minor solution at 5.6, 6.05, 6.10, 6.40, 6.85,7.5 with trace of fill, and 7.65.

9 8.3-8.6- Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, fine crystalline, fossi1iferoufragments and clasts (lithographic limestone fragment) gradingdown to dull crystalline with micritic clasts, possibly brecciated

10 8.6--10.4- Limestone, grayish olfve 5Y 6/2 to 5Y 6/1, micritic to very fine(macro) crystalline, stylolitic, hard and dense; weathered nearlyhorizontal stylolites at 8.95 and 9.85.

11 10.4--11.5 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2 to 2.5Y 8/2, very fine (macro)crystalline to micritic, stylolite, hard and dense;

12 11.5-11.7 Shale reported-broken limestone like above, with tan silty clay.

Neal 's Landfill Boring 1A

13 11.7-13.5 CORE LOSS

14 13.5-17.8 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, very fine crystalline to micritic,hard and dense; with numerous oxidized silty streaks; sandstoneand conglomeratic solution channel f i l l i n g 15.5 to 16.4(Bethel Formation), conglomerate includes small pebbles of lime-stone and oxidized silty streaks; solutioned bedding planes at13.6 and 13.9 (brown clay parting reported at 14.1-silty streaks),weathered and oxidized bedding plane at 17.65.

15 17.8-18.7 Limestone, light greenish gray 7.5GY 7/1 to light gray 5Y 7/1,very fine crystalline to detrital (subrounded medium to lightgray micritic pebbles and subangular algal mat fragments) at topand bottom of unit.

16 18.7-20.6 Limestone, light olive gray 5GY 7/1, micritic, with about 50%greenish gray 10GY 6/1 shale laminae, hard and dense; clasticzone (limestone pebbles in shale matrix) at 19. 4-; weathered zoneat 20.0 to 20.3 includes bedding plane partings at 20.1 and 20.25with recored piece between.

17 20.6-22.8 Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/1, very fine crystalline to micritic(macrocrystalline), hard and dense, with shaly zones and streaksin upper .4 feet, slightly inclined nearly horizontal shalylayer at 21.4; possibly shaly partings at 21.15, 21.2, 21.25;weathered and oxidized bedding plane at 22.0.

18 22.8-32.95 Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/2, oolitic (oosparite), with numerousstylolites, hard and dense; very thin fractures annealed withorange calcite 31.2 to 32.4; shale parting at 29.75; weatheredstylolite partings at 23.3, 24.0, 28.4, 28.55; stylolites withchalky patina at 25.4 and 25.9; high angle stylolitic weatheredzones with clay 30. 9-31. 1-; irregular weathered stylolite withpatina and trace of greenish fill at 31.2 and 31.95.

19 32.95-35.9 Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/2, micritic to microcrystall ine,lithographic to sublithographic, bright to d u l l , hard and dense;stylolitic in upper part with compound stylolite at 33.3-33.4;badly broken core 33.6 to 34.7.

20 35.9-38.0 CORE LOSS AND VOID 37.3 to 37.8.

"-- 21 38.0-44.4 Limestone as above; slickensided steeply inclined fracture (nearlyvertical) at 39.5 to 40.2- and irregular high angle fracture40.2-to 40.4 both in part weathered and iron stained along withbedding plane at 40.4.

22 44.4-44.6 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, crystalline with micrite-and quartzsand grains, hard and dense.

23 44.6-54.0 CORE LOSS

Neal's Landfill Boring 1A

24

25

54.0-54.25

54.25-72.8

26 72.8-73.4

27

28

73.4-74.4

74.4-76.0-

29 76.0--76.95

30 76.95-80.4

31

32

80.4-80.9-

80.9—82.8

Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/1, micritic to microcrystalline(sublithographic), hard and dense.

Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/1 and 7.5Y 7/1 to pale yellow 5Y 8/3,fine grain crystalline with quartz sand grains, medium grainsandy zone at 66.8- to 67.S-, hard and dense; weathered steeplyinclined fractures (45°+) with iron stains at 65.4 to 65.8, 65.8to 65.9 (single thin bed or core loss) 66.2 to 66.3 and possiblyat 69.5* to 69.7 (broken core 69.0 to 69.6); relatively unweatherin part iron stained, nearly vertical fracture 55.9 to 56.3.

Limestone, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/2, micritic to microcry-stalline, bright luster, hard and dense; unweathered smooth tovery irregular nearly vertical fracture through unit (bottom.4 badly broken).

CORE LOSS

Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/3 to grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2,very fine crystalline, dull, hard and dense; grades downward toyellowish gray 2.5Y 6/1, brighter fine crystalline limestone;weathered, iron stained irregular horizontal break at 75.3;irregular high angle fracture with very thin white patina 75.9-76.0; grades into lower unit.

Limestone, gray 7.5Y 6/1, to 10Y 6/1, (greenish gray), finelycrystalline, d u l l , with dark green glauconitic spots and streaks,crystalline pyrite at 76.6; tight high angle fracture at top;iron stained (V thick) on weathered bedding plane at 76.9 andunderlying "dollar" (V thick).

Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2 to 5Y 8/2, crystalline to micro-crystalline or micritic, generally d u l l , hard and dense, calcitefilled fossil molds common 79.1 to 80.0, yellowish iron stainsin places and silty streaks at base of unit; possible ironstained weathered bedding planes at 77.65, 77.75, 78.4 (badlybroken core at 78.1 to 78.4).

Limestone, light gray 7.5Y 7/1, very fine crystalline, dullfracture, hard and dense; badly broken core, but dark gray stainand iron stain on nearly vertical fracture through most of unit.Possibly core loss in this unit.

Limestone, light gray- 5Y 7/1, very fine grain crystalline, brightto dull luster, hard and dense; stylolitic with dark gray calcitefossil casts at 82.2-82.3; solution weathered bedding plane withiron stains at 82.2; badly broken core 82.4-82.65.


33 82.8-83.6 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 to 5Y 7/2, crystalline to micro-crystalline, fossiliferous in part, with dark calcite in fossilmolds and white calcite vug fillings (biosparite); darkgray stains on stylolitic surfaces at top of unit (82.8), 82.85(possibly weathered) and 83.4.

34 83.6-84.3 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic to microcrystal1ine,dull fracture, iron stained silty streaks, hard and dense;iron stained weathered vertical fracture 83.6-84.3 (base of core).

35 84.3-85.0 CORE LOSS (obvious iron stain on top of next lowest unit).

36 85.0-87.0 Limestone, light gray, 2.5Y 7/1, to 2.5Y 0/1, same as above;weathered and iron stained bedding plane at top.

37 87.0-87.2 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, very finely crystalline tomicritic with yellow calcite streaks, hard and dense.

38 87.2-89.8- Limestone, light gray 10YR 8/1, micritic to to microcrystal1ine,hard and dense, fossiliferous in part; iron stained very irregularvertical fracture 87.2 to 87.9, and on piece at about 88.5 to88- within zone of badly broken core 88.3 to 90.lt

39 89.8--90.0- Limestone, gray 2.5Y 8/3, coarsly crystalline fossiliferousincluding sparse oolites, hard and dense; located only as nearbase of broken core.zone.

40 90.0--90.30 Limestone; broken core; .10 limestone, with mud on verticalfracture; mud on bedding plane, .05-1imestone "dollar" with mud ontop and bottom, and .05 "dollar" of limestone wiht iron stainsurface and mud on both sides; obvious solution zone.

41 90.30-90.80 Limestone, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/2, very finely crystalline,hard and dense;

42 90.80-92.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2 to 2.5& 7/1, fine crystalline attop to medium crystalline at base, hard and dense; iron stain atbase.

43 92.2-92.60 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic (lithographic), hardand dense; with .025 lithofied calcareous silty zone at 92.35;weathered iron stained bedding planes at 92.2, 92.35 and 92.60.

44 92.60-92.70 Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/4, micritic, silty, d u l l fracturesurfaces.

45 92.70-92.80 Limestone, yellowish gray 2.5Y 6/1, micritic with crystallineinclusions; fossiliferous with calcite as mold f i l l i n g s ; hard anddense; manganese-like stain on one surface (bottom).


46 92.80-95.10. Dolostone (slow fizz), light yellow 2.5Y 7/3, micritic,dull, hard and dense, breaks easily with hammer, scatteredcalcite annealed small vertical fractures.

47 95.10-9*.55 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, very fine crystalline tomicritic, lithographic in places; hard and dense; top contactindistinct, calcite annealed fractures from overlying unit widento .10 inch at 95.5, then to .025 at 95.75, with iron stains insame fracture 96.3 to 96.45.

48 96.55-96.70 Dolostone (slow fizz), light gray 5Y 7/2, very fine grain (siltyappearance), hard and dense, breaks easily with hammer, includesvery thin calcite annealed vertical fractures.

49 96.70-97.2- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, micritic, dull luster, hard anddense; with CHERT, black rimmed gray or pinkish red veryirregular blobs and stringers; top of unit and 96.95-97.0 vuggywith large irregular cavities; bottom of unit gradational; ironand red mud stains at 97.0.

50 97.2—98.8 Limestone, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/2 to light gray 10YR 7/1,fine grain crystalline to micritic (lithographic), hard anddense, with some closely spaced, tight, unweathered, verticalfractures, mostly shattered core with some loss 97.5-98.8.

51 98.8-100.00 CORE LOSS

52 100.00-100.20 Limestone, recored-same as below.

53 100.20-102.80 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 6/2 to 2.5Y 7/2, micritic tomicrocrystalline, dull luster, hard and dense; CHERT stringersand blobs, gray interiors with irregular black rind at 100.30,100.45-100.55, 100.60-100.8, base of unit marked by dark calcitegrains.

54 102.80-104.7- Limestone, light gray 2.5YR 8/1, to 2.5YR 7/1, micritic orlithographic with crystalline streaks; stylolite at 103.0 and013.6, weathered with manganese stain; vertical stylolitic surfacewith calcite annealing 104.25-104.45 with stylolite at base;weathered iron stained stylolite at 104.10; slightly oxidizediron stain on closed irregular vertical and high angle fracturesscattered in unit.

55 104.7 — 108.1 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1 to grayish yellow, basal .20oxidized and weathered to 2.5Y 8/4 pale yellow, micritic to veryfine crystalline, hard and dense, includes crystalline calciteinfilling of tetracoral at 105.8-105.9; high angle fractureat 107.2-107.35 weathered, solution widened, with minor flowstonecoating, nearly vertical smooth fracture 107.5-(broken core)-108.0,solution widened with thin white patina and minor flowstonetraces and infilling in lower part.


56 108.1-109.5 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 to 2.5Y 7/1, (biomicrite)micritic or lithographic, very fossiliferous with large wholefossils (brachiopods, fenestrate bryozoans, crinoid columns, etcand fossil fragments with some crystalline calcite intergranularinf i l l ing, hard and dense; CHERT stringers, thin, orange interiorwith irregular black rind, 108.3-108.4, 108.85-108.9; solutionweathered bedding planes at 108.1 with white patina, 109.1 withwhite patina.

57 109.5-114.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 to yellowish gray 2.5Y 6/1,micritic to fine crystalline, bright to dull luster, scatteredfossils and fossil fragments; stylolite at 110.6, 111.2 and 111.3with manganese coating, and multiple low amplitude stylolites at113.55-113.6; CHERT; fossiliferous, orange with black streaks,V to 4" thick, at 109.8;nonfossiliferous weathered orange rind110.95-111.05; pinkish buff vertical cylindrical nass .10 indiameter - with gray rim with few small fossil fragments 111.9-112.3 (piece reversed in box 5 Row 4 111.1 to 112.0) (unidentifieblack fragment in top of chert); solution enlarged bedding planeat 110.9, and weathered and solution widened bedding planes at113.64 and 113.70.

58 114.2-114.8 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, fine crystalline with abundantfossil fragments and micrite (biomicsparite), fenestratebryozoans and brachipods, hard and dense; weathered bedding planesat 114.4, 114.45 and 114.55 and possibly at 115.30.

59 114.8-115.3 CORE LOSS

60 115.3-115.75 Limestone-same as above, weathered bedding planes at 115.4 and115.55.

61 115.75-116.10 Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/4, micritic, fossiliferous withsilty streaks, highly oxidized, hard and dense.

62 116.10-117.80 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, microcrystalline to micriticwith fine crystalline streaks that are fossiliferous includinga few oolites; CHERT, small black core within buff to gray mass,

fossiliferous (fenestrate bryozoans) band 116.7-116.8; irregularpieces 116.85-116.9, 116.95-117.0 and vertical stringer Vwide or less 117.05 to 117.30; possible bedding plane weatheringabove and below k" thick' "dollar" at 117.55.

63 117.80-119.0- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic to microcrystalline withcrystalline streaks, fossiliferous, non-oxidized; CHERT pinkishwith black fossil inclusions and white rind at 118.9 in badlybroken core as above; weathered stylolite with brown stains at117.8; weathered bedding plane 118.05; mud and iron stainedhigh angle fracture 118.3-118.5, and possibly at 118.65-118.9*in badly broken core.

64 119.0—120.1 VOID with some red clay.

Neal's Landfill Boring 2AMonroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleSW*s, SWH, SEH, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian3090 WL, 350 SL, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 39° 09' 58" N., Long. 86° 38' 15" W.

Ground level elevation 816.59 :

Top inner casing 818.87Top outer casing 818.83Total depth 108.0

1 0-7.0 Soils

2 7.0-7.20 Limestone, shaly, olive gray 10Y 7/2, dense and relatively hard,breaks readily, silty, all calcareous.

3 7.20-8.0 Limestone, olive gray 10Y 7/2, micritic to very fine grain, verysilty in places, all calcareous, dense and hard; irregularvertical fracture with weathered iron stain and small dendrites o-faces 7.7 to 8.0;

4 8.0-8.90 Limestone, shaly, light greenish gray 10G 7/1, very fine grain tomicritic, very silty, all calcareous, hard and dense; lower .30oxidized; nearly vertical fracture with some iron stain and smalldendrites, 8.25 to 8.55; bottom contact gradational within .05foot; but involuted into top of underlying unit.

5 fi.90-9.70 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1, microcrystalline, hard and dense,with silty streaks.

6 9.70-10.15 Limestone, shaly in part, light gray 2.5Y 8/2 with light yellow 5V

7/3 in places, micritic, hard and dense; with shaly streaks in upp.20 and medium grain, oolitic, crystalline limestone, grayishyellow 2.5Y 7/2 in lower .20 feet; base of unit is a shaly streak.

7 10.15-19.5 Limestone (oosparite), light gray to grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/1 to7/2, oolitic, fine to medium grain, hard and dense, stylolitic,shaly zone at 11.05 and 16.7; red mud stained nearly verticalfractures 16.8 to 17.6*, 18.3 to 19.2*; weathered stylolitic brea1

at 13.6, 16.0, 16.85.

8 19.5-28.0 CORE LOSS,light brown return could be red mud filled fractures.

9 28.0-29.8 Limestone-same as above; open vertical fracture reported at 28.6-28.8.

10 29.8-30.0 Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/1, micritic, hard and dense, conchoidalfracture (lithographic), stylolitic; in part broken by coring.

11 30.0-38.0 CORE LOSS.

12 38.0-39.2 Limestone, same as above; inclined stylolite at 38.4-38.55.


13 39.2-39.7 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1, microcrystalline to micritic,hard and dense; broken core in lower .20.

14 39.7-42.0 CORE LOSS

15 42.0-53.5 Limestone, qrav 7.5Y 6/1 to Dale yellow 5Y 8/2. microcrvstalline.hard and dense; sandy, possible solution enlarged bedding planesat 52.0 and 52.9 with packed air rotary dust at 52.0 and yellowbrown 10YR 6/4 and brown 10YR 4/4 silty clay at 52.9.

16 53.5-55.3 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1, fine grain crystalline to ooliticor sandy (quartz sand) hard and dense, high angle fractures at53.5 to 53.9 and 54.2 to 54.45; bottom pieces of core recored 55.0-55.3; red clay on lowest fragment.

17 55.3-58.0 CORE LOSS

18 58.0-59.5 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1 to gray 5Y 6/1, microcrystal1ine,hard and dense; high angle fracture at 64.10 to 64.3 with redclay; red clay on bedding planes at 63.6 and 63.8.

19 59.5-60 CORE LOSS - Brown mud

20 60.0-61.7 Limestone, same as above, iron stained' silty streaks at 60.50 to60.90.

21 61.7-63.6+ CORE LOSS

22 63.6+-64.6 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 6/2, fine grain crystalline tomicrocrystalline, hard and dense; high angle fracture 64.10 to64.3 with red clay; red clay on bedding planes at 63.6 and 63.8.

23 64.6-65.0 Limestone, same as above, with numerous breaks along thin beddedsilty streaks (.3 core for .5 interval).

24 65.0-70.1 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1 to dull yellow orange 10YR 7/3where weathered, fine grain crystalline, microcrystalline andmicritic, hard and dense; low angle fracture at 68.5-68.6; nearvertical fracture 68.9-69.2-; red mud in irregular nearly verticalfracture 69.25 to 69.8 with high angle fracture iron stained at69.4 to 69.6.

25 70.1-73.5 CORE LOSS '. !

26 73.5-75.7 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1, micritic to microcrystalline,hard and dense with few silty streaks and few fossil fragments;solution enlarged break at 75.3-75.7- and recored piece at75.5-75.7*.


27 75.7-77.9 Limestone, very light gray 7.5Y 8/1, fine grain crystalline(sparite) with few calcite fossil fillings, hard and dense.

28 77.9-78.0 BROKEN CORE with red mud seam

29 78.0-78.4 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, micritic to microcrystalline, hareand dense.

30 78.4-79.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, fine grain crystalline (sparite),with bright yellowish brown 10YR 7/6 calcite annealed verticalsmall fractures, microcrystalline in lower .2-, hard and dense;weathered irregular vertical fracture through unit.

31 79.0-79.9 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1 to 2.5Y 7/1, microcrystalline tovery fine grain crystalline (sparite), hard and dense; smoothhigh angle fractures at 79.5-79.7 and 79.7-79.9, both with whitepatina about 10 mm* thick.

32 79.9-80.3- Red silty clay, orange 5YR 6/6, mixed with rock and core fragmentsincluding limestone, dull yellow 2.5Y 6/3 (possibly from 79.0-79.4) with 20 mm- pale yellow 2.5Y 8/4 patina.

33 80.3-87.0 CORE LOSS

34 87.0-87.6- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic (lithographic), hard anddense; crystalline or oolitic bed 1 cm at 87.35; vertical fractureweathered with possible red mud stain 87.0 to 87.5; inclinedfracture with 5 mm- white patina 87.3 to 87.6, with mud in opening

35 87.6—87.8 BROKEN CORE - possible mud seam with limestone fragments withthin whitish patina.

36 87.8-88.7 Limestone, same as above, with oosparitic beds at 88.35-88.4,88.45-89.55 and 88.6-88.7; solution smoothed irregular verticalfracture with thin white patina 87.8 to 88.35; 88.35 to basesplit, but not weathered, along same trend.

37 88.7-91.7 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 6/1, microcrystalline to very finegrairi crystalline, hard and dense; CHERT, very dark gray with1 cm- light gray rim .10 across * at 88.8 to 89.1, crystallinecavity 1 cm* across in one ball, iron stained outer edge on sameballs or nodules; 89.35 to 89.60 small nodules with very thinyellowish rims; angular'fragment in matrix at 90.3; 1 cm ball at90.9, stylolite at 90.85;. high angle fracture with dendrites at91.4-91.6; low angle fracture, slightly weathered, at top ofunit, low angle1 weathered fracture at 90.35.

38 91.7-91.75 Red mud seam


39 91.75-92.5 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, micritic (lithographic) withsparry streaks including fossil fragments, hard and dense; lowangle fracture at top of unit weathered, weathered low angle zonesat 92.0 and 92.1, irregular vertical fracture with very thinwhite patina 91.75-92.5; red mud stain throughout fractures.

40 92.5-93.1 CORE LOSS

41 93.1-93.7 Limestone, same as above,, unit grades into lower unit.

42 93.7-96.2 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, microcrystalline to very fine graincrystalline, hard and dense, contains glauconitic spots, scatterecsmall dark chert fragments, slightly oxidized pyrite in irregularvertical fracture at 95.6*; bottom contact gradational within abou.05 foot.

43 96.2-97.55 Limestone, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/3.weathered to pale yellow2.5Y 8/4, microcrystalline, dense and hard, including weatheredportions, contains several very thin closely spaced calciteannealed fractures; solution enlarged low angle fractures at96.6, 96.8, 96.85, and horizontal fracture at 97.2; weatheredvertical fracture at 96.6-96.8; red mud stain 96.6-96.85.

44 97.55-97.8 VOID with "in situ" silty-clays, mottled light yellow 5Y 7/4 toolive yellow 5Y 6/4, with white chalky remains of fenestratebryozoan fragments; trace of brown mud in middle part; bottomcontact mottled gray to dark gray. All calcareous except bottomdark film.

45 97.8-98.55 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1; micritic to microcrystalline,sparitic at top, with scattered fenestrate bryozoans and otherfossils, hard and dense; irregular vertical fracture with verythin white patina (fossils evident) from 97.9-98.55.

46 98.55-98.80 VOID

47 98.80-99.10 CORE LOSS

48 99.10-99.20 CHERT, varigated pink to gray to dark gray, "silicious limestone,"fossiliferous, brachipods and fenestrate bryozoans prominent,hard and dense; vertical fracture through unit.

49 99.20-100.8 Limestone, light gray 5Y"7/1, micritic with sparry splotches,fossiliferous (biomicrite), hard and dense; stylolite at 100.2;with CHERT similar to above at 99.55-99.65 and 100.4-110.45 butwith irregular thickness; weathered irregular vertical fracturewith very thin white patina (fossils evident) 99.2-99.55 and100.55-100.75 (filled with red clay), slightly weathered highangle fracture 99.45-99.60; horizontal solution enlarged beddingplane 100.50, red clay on weathered stylolite 100.8.


50 100.8-103.8 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1, crystalline, fine to med. grain,fossiliferous with micritic areas (biomicsparite), CHERT "balls,varigated pink and gray with creamy rind 101.1 (.075 dia), 101.8(.10 thick), 102 (.05* dia); calcite annealed vertical fracturethrough most of unit; top is solution weathered stylolite;bottom k" is possibly top of next unit as fracture appearscontinuous from lower unit to .10 into base of this unit.

51 103.8-104.45 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1, micritic,lithographic, fossiliferohard and dense; weathered irregular vertical fracture, upper .301s dark stained, lower .45 has thin white patina (fossils eviden

52 104.45-104.8 CORE LOSS

53 104.8-107.5 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1 to light yellow 5Y 7/3, micritic,dull, silty to fine grain and medium grain crystalline in placesfossiliferous, hard and dense; silty streaks at intervals,especially at 016.45 to 106.55 and 106.9 to 107.0; bedding planesolution at 104.85 and 107.0, red clay at 107.0 (107.0 possiblelow angle fracture); tan mud or drilling mud in open beddingplane at base.

54 107.5-107.65 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, microcrystalline with numerousfenestrate bryozoan layers, hard and dense; bedding planes atbase of unit solutioned.

55 107.65-108 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1, micritic to microcrsytalline, hardand dense, fossiliferous; small chert nodule, brown with gray rir.05' thick at 107.8; uneven vertical fracture with thin wnitepatina (fossils evident) through unit.

Neal's Landfill during 28Monroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleSWH, SWH, SE»i, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian3090 WL, 340 SL, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 39° 09' 58.8" N., Long. 86° 38' 15" W.

Ground level elevation 816.45Top inner casing - entire hole groutedTop outer casing - entire hole groutedTotal depth. 55.5

1 0-1.5 Silty clay, reddish brown

2 1.5-2.5 Rock

3 2.5-5.0 Drop

4 5.0-8.0 Soil

5 8.0-8.45 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2 to light gray 10YR 7/1 withlight yellow 5Y 7/3 streaks, micritic, dull, hard and densebut with oxidized silty streaks; base of unit with subangularpebbles.

6 8.45-11.5 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, oolitic (oosparite) to micriticor microcrystalline (sublithographic), hard and dense, containsnumerous stylolites; slightly weathered low angle fracture at 10.10.15; weathered irregular horizontal breaks along styloliteat 10.55, 11.4, 11.5; soil, silty clay, olive yellow 5Y 6/3at base of unit .25 inch ±f possibly loss in coring.

7 11.5-21.15 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, oolitic, fine to medium grain(oospariate), micritic towards base, hard and dense, withnumerous stylolites; weathered stylo! itic breaks at top, 12.6with granular mud, 17.50 with granular mud, 18.0 with granular mu-18.9, 19.9 open with mud,20.3 with mud, 21.15 with mud; irregulavertical fractures, weathered with red stains at 11.5 to 12.0*(broken core), 14.35 to 14.75*; 18.0-18.9 (badly broken core).

8 21.15-26.0 Limestone, light gray 10YR 8/1, micritic (lithographic), hardand dense, stylolitic with interlocked stylolites; irregularweathered stylolites at top, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 22.0, 22.45, 22.923.7, 23.8 with red and green mud, 24.0, 24.3, 24.95, 25.45,25.8; weathered irregular vertical fracture 22.5-22.9; verticalcoring break 21.6-22.0,

9 26.0-32.0 Limestone, brownish gray 10YR 6/1 to light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micrit(lithographic to sublithograph), includes some fossiliferous,fine grain crystalline and pelletal zones; stylolite at 30.05,hard and dense; dark streaks in upper part; possible weatheredirregular horizontal breaks at 26.4, 26.5, 26.7, 26.95, 28.5;definite weathered breaks at 27.65, 28.8, 28.9, 29.3, 30.4 to 30.!(with tan and green calcareous fill),30.65, 30.80 and 31.0;irregular vertical fractures with iron stains .4 in top of run(badly broken core); no stain 28.5-28.8 (broken in coring); with

Neal's Landfill Boring 2B

red stain and greenish calcareous fill 28.9 to 29.9 and 30.5 to31.0; red stain and green mud on weathered high angle fracture29.8-30.0. Top .5 of core badly broken and should account formost of core loss.

10 32.0-33?4 Limestone, same, irregular vertical and horizontal fracture 32.5-32.7; possible weathered horizontal breaks 32.0, 32.25, 33.1, 33.

11 33.4-34.10 Limestone, light gray 5Y 8/2 to 5Y 7/2, fine grain crystalline,dull, micritic in places, contains numerous silty streaks,someoxidlzled, otherwise hard and dense.

12 34.10-40.95 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, oolitic (oosparite) fine grain,hard and dense, some calcite filled bivalve molds, high anglestylolites at 35.3-, 38.0, horizontal stylolite at 40.4; weathereand non stained stylolites 37.7, 39.85 and 40.85; clean high angl-fracture at 38.65 to 38.8; unbroken thin irregular fracture 37.^5to 37.7 in part annealed with orange calcite.

13 40.95-42.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, micritic to microcrystalline, harand dense; irregular vertical fracture, iron stained with greenand red mud through entire unit.

14 42.0-51.6 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1 to light yellow 5Y 7/3, very finegrain crystalline and sandy (quartz sand) hard and dense, severallow angle oxidized silty layers that part relatively easy, highangle fractures at 48.95 to 49.0*; unit lacks obvious weatheredzones.

15 51.6-55.5 CORE LOSS, bit stuck in hole, entire hole grouted.

Neal's Landfill Boring 3AMonroe County, Indiana Whitehall Quadrangle

SE%, SWs, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian1700Lat.

WL39d

54010'

SL00

, Sec.5" N

. 33, T.

. , Long.

. Ground level elevationTop inner casingTop outer casingTotal depth

1

2

3

•

2.

0-.

5-2

9-3

5

.9

.0

Brown

Reddi

CORE

S

sh

il ty

821823823106

cl

bronw

9 N., R. 2 W.86° 38' 32" W.

.36

.34

.25

.0

ay

silty clay

LOSS

4 8.0-9.7 Limestone, yellowish gray 5Y 8/1, micritic (microcrystalline)(sublithographic), numerous sparry calcite vug and fossil f i l l i n g 1

hard and dense; red calcite on vertical joint in upper .70;medium grain sparry cyrstalline zone .05 thick at .55 from top w i ~sharp lower contact; several stylolites in lower .20 foot, onehigh angle stylolite.

5 9.7-9.9 Breccia, limestone, yellowish gray 5Y 8/1, sandy and shaly;irregular limestone fragments 5Y 6/1 to 5Y 5/1 to .75 inch diamet;includes algal mat fragment.

6 9.9-11.1 Limestone, olive gray 5Y 4/1, micritic, stromatolitic (alqal mats.15 at .65 from top), hard and dense, secondary calcite onirregular vertical fractures.

7 11.1-15.7 Limestone, light olive gray 5Y 6/1, medium crystalline (sparite),numerous thin olive silty partings, hard and dense.

8 15.7-19.0 Limestone, mottled, yellowish gray 5Y 8/1 and dark yellowish oran10YR 6/6 (oxidized), very silty, hard and dense; manganese coat^non several horizontal and high angle bedding planes and joints an.weathered also on irregular vertical fracture with manganesecoating at about 18.0 to 19.0; grading into:

9 19.0-22.3 Limestone, shaly, greenish gray 5G 6/1, with laminations of clayshale; lower .4 weathered and iron stained (oxidation from basalbedding piane).

10 22.3-25.7 Limestone yellowish gray 5Y 8/1, medium crystalline (sparite), harand dense, several shaly streaks and stylolites; upper .5 slightlyweathered.


11 25.7-34.4 Limestone, pinkish gray SYR 8/1, coarsly crystalline (sparry),stylolitic, top of unit at prominant stylolite, hard and dense;stylolites are shaly four inclined fractures 30.4-30.7 severalinclined fractures with red clay up to \ inch wide, 27.6-27.65,28.8-29.0, 29.0-29.1, 29.5-29.8; CHECK CORE mud stained irregularvertical fracture 29.2-29.45 and 30.8-30.9 (broken core in part).

12 34.4-46.0 Limestone, light gray N7, micritic, lithographic to sublithographhard and dense, few medium grain sparry streaks, stylolitic;weathered high angle joint with red clay 40.9-41.0, break with corcholdal fracture in lower 2.5 feet, possible horizontal weatheredbedding plane at 45.1. •

46.0-46.1 Limestone, olive gray 10Y 6/1, micritic, silty, hard and dense,greenish gray 5G 6/1 shaly parting at base.

14 46.1-47.4 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, micritic, microcrystalline in part,hard and dense; high angle joint at 47.1-47.4 open with trace ofpossible dendrites.

15 47.4-48.0 CORE LOSS

16 48.0-49.1 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, micritic, microcrystalline, hardand dense; high angle fracture 48.0-48.2; 48.3-48.8* (in partmissing owing to core loss).

17 49.1-57.1 Limestone, light gray, 5Y 8/1, micritic (microcrystalline) to finegrain sparite, with shaly zones and pelletal streaks, hard anddense, shale streaks at 49.1, 49.5, 49.6; stylolites at 49.7,50.9, 51.7, 52.0, 52.6, 53.25, 55.5£; non separated irregularvertical fractures at 52.15 to 57.0- annealed in lower part.

18 57.1-58.0 CORE LOSS

19 58.0-58.4 Limestone-same as above

20 58.4-64". Q LimestoneTgrayish olive 7.5Y 6/2 at top to light gray 7.5Y'7/1 a:base, microcrystalline, sandy, hard and dense; inclined fracture c63.3 to 63.5.

21 64.9-66.0 Limestone, yellowish gray 5Y 8/1, microcrystalline to micritic,sandy, hard and dense;'numerous iron stained slightly inclinedplanes.

22 " esToHSsTo CORE LOSS "23 68.0-71.9 Limestone, continuation of unit above .05 thick clast and pebble

zone at 71.7.

24 71.9-72.7 Limestone, grayish olive 5Y 6/2, fine grain crystalline, hard anddense (one bed).

25 72.7-74.0- Limestone, gray 5Y 6/1, micritic, hard and dense; high anglefracture 72.7-73.2. CORE BROKEN and spun in barrel.


26 74.0--74.20 Limestone, light gray 7.5Y7/1, micritic, with iron stainedbedding to give thin bedded appearance.

27 74.20-75.15 Limestone, light gray 10Y 6/1, micritic, hard and dense; ironstain on irregular break at 74.6.

28 75.15-75.2 Limestone, light gray, 7.5Y 7/1, micritic with iron stain on bedd^to appear thin bedded.

29 75.2-75.9- CORE LOSS

30 75.9—79.2 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2. micritic, hard and dense, steeplyinclined fracture 75.95-79.6^ (broken core and loss 76.6* to 78),steep fracture 78.4* to 78.9- (broken core and loss).

31 79.2-79.6 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, micritic, hard and dense, but withiron stained laminae.

32 79.6-82.9 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1 to 5Y 6/1, micritic to finelycrystalline, hard and dense; red mud on top of inclined joint at80.45-80.50 (broken core in muddy zone 81.2-81.7), stylolite at82.5.

33 82.9-83.1 Limestone, light gray 7.5Y 8/1, micritic fossiliferous with manysparry fossil fillings, rounded stylolites at top.

34 83.1-84.0 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1, medium grain crystalline, fewfossils; iron stained irregular horizontal fracture at 83.6;

35 84.0-87.1 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/1, fine grain crystalline to micritic(microcrystalline); stylolites at 84.5, 85.0, 85.8, 86.1;

36 87.1-88.40- Limestone, dull reddish brown 5YR 5/3, micritic or microcrystaljin<bottom .30 contains numerous horizontal vuggy areas. Core brol-.'nin part.

37 88.40--88.7 Chert, mottled light gray N8 to N4 with irregular horizontallaminations of N3 and grayish brown 7.SYR 4/2; red clay on fracturbroken core.

38 88.7-89.0+ Limestone, grayish yellow brown 10YR 6/2, micritic, silty breakson bedding planes, chert blocks in places.

39 89.0+-89.5- Limestone, gray, micritic (lithographic in part), badly broken corf

40 89.5--106.0 CORE LOSS

Neal 's Lanui . . . ;g 4A

Monroe County, Indiana Whitehall Quadranglem%t SE»s, SW^s, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian1610 WL, 1080 SL, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 39° 10' 05.5" N., Long. 86° 38' 33" W.


1 0-8.3 Soil, silty clay, red-brown; top of bedrock at 8.3.

2 8.3-8.8 Limestone, light olive gray 2.5GY, micritic to microcrystalline,numerous iron stained laminae, hard and dense, but parts readilyon laminae; top .20 foot not cored.

3 8.8-10.9 Clay - NO CORE

4 10.9-11.2 CORE LOSS

5 11.2-13.7- Limestone, light gray N7, very fine grain crystalline to micritihard and dense, high angle fracture at 12.2-12.8 with iron stain

6 13.7--14.1- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 to 7/1, micritic, 1aminated,partseasily on laminae; trace of glauconitic grains and manganeseoxide on partings.

7 14.1--14.6 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2 to 7/1, micritic to micro-crystalline, silty, some scattered small sparry grains; severaloxidized silty laminae.

8 14.6—16.5 Same as above-lacking silty oxidized laminae.

9 16.5-16.6 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic, sublithographic, stylolititic with black residue.

10 16.6-21.5 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic, microcrystalline,but fossiliferous in upper 2 cm, hard and dense, few scatteredstylolites; near vertical fracture with red mud stain 19.5-20.0.

11 21.5-23.2 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2 with dark yellow stains fromiron, micritic to microcrystalline, hard and dense, siltyappearance.

12 23.2-23.7 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2 to yellowish gray 2.5Y 6/2,with brown streaks as laminae, micritic, silty,.has shaly appeararin core.

13 23.7-34.3 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, micritic, hard and dense, with somefine grain crystalline zones; calcite in vug .10 from top of run5 or .3 from bottom of unit.


14 34.3-35.5 CORE LOSS

15 35.5-35.8 Limestone, grayish yellow brown 10YR 6/2, microcrystalline tomicritic, hard and dense.

16 35.8-36.35 CORE LOSS

17 36.35-36.5 Limestone, grayish yellow brown 10YR 5/2, micritic,sublithographihard and dense, with small angular black chert fragments.

18 36.5-36.6 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic, hard and dense,vertical fractures annealed with yellowish calcite;

19 36.6-36.65 Limestone, similar to above, but with chert inclusion.

20 36.65-38.1 Limestone, grayish yellow brown 10YR 6/2, micritic, lustrous, harand dense; iron stained laminae in shaly zone .25 from top of unistylolitic below iron stained shaly zone. Red mud stainedirregular vertical fracture 37.5-38.1.

21 38.1-38.40 Limestone, grayish white N8 grading downward to light gray 5Y 7/2micritic, dull luster, hard and dense; broken core pieces haveshaly stylolitic contact at base with red mud stained high anglefracture in lower .20- foot; traces of glauconite in lower part.

22 38.40-40.3- Limestone, grayish white N8 at top grading down to light gray 10YC7/1, micritic to microcrystalline, hard and dense; chert, mediumto dark gray N8 to N3, irregular blobs or masses up to .15 thick,at about 38.5, 38.6, 38.7, 39.2 to 39.35, 39.4, 39.6.

23 40.3-41.25 CORE LOSS

24 41.25-43.6 Limestone, light gray 10YR 7/1 to yellowish gray 2.5Y 6/2, micrit1'to fine grain crystalline, stylolitic; small chert fragment attop with white rind and trace of glauconite on a stylolite;possible manganese on stylolites at 41.9, 42.4, 42.65 and 43.6(base of unit); weathered stylolite at 42.0 with red mud.

25 43.6-44.25 Limestone, dolomitic, light gray 10YR 7/1, micritic, d u l l luster,dense, grading down into:

26 44.25-44.6 Limestone, dolomitic, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/3, hard.

27 44.6-46.5 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic, hard and dense,glauconitic streaks and spots; weathered stylolitic zones atbase, .20 above base and .5 above base.


Monroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleSE»s, SEfc, SWH, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian2500 WL, 570 SL Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 390 10' 05.5" N., Long. 86° 38' 23" W.


1 0-8 Silty clay, brown-red, stiff limestone fragments at about 3.0with .40 tan-gray clay layer at 4.3, .25 at about 7.0 and 15at 7.7 (E & E Log).

2 8.0-8.45 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, micritic to sublithographic, hartand dense; mud stained curved fracture 8.35 to base.

3 8.45-9.2- Badly broken core of above unit and lower unit, possibly mudstained fracture throughout unit.

4 9.2 — 10.7- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, lithographic, hard and dense, trccalcite in "eyes," some whole fossils, few stylolites, brokencore in lower part; mud stained nearly vertical irregular fracturwith white patina through this unit.

5 10.7--13.05 Badly broken core of above unit.

6 13.05-13.60 Limestone, same as above; whole fossils in band at 13.30; calcitecrystal lined vugs at 13.25-13.6; vertical fractures though thisunit probably extended into overlying broken core.

7 13.60-14.6- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, but includes various mottles,stromatoloitic zone or algal limestone (biolithite) with micriticsubrounded clasts; mud stained solution enlarged vertical planarfracture 14.3-14.6; recored piece 14.0-14.3.

8 14.6—15.75 Badly broken core: top .3- includes solution sculptured b i o l i t h i tpiece; lower part has mud stained fractures on rock of underlyingunit.

9 15.75-20.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic to sublithographic, hardand dense, some scattered stylolites, few calcite "eyes;" mudstained steeply inclined fracture 17.0-17.15 between weatheredstylolite at top and low angle fracture 17.15-17.20; white patinaon steeply inclined -fracture on badly broken core at 18.6-18.85^and high angle fractures 18.80-18.9 and 18.9-19.05; verticalfractures on badly broken core 19.35—19.7*.

10 20.0-21.5 CORE LOSS from above runs.

11 21.5-22.5 Limestone, same as above; white patina on bedding plain at topof unit, white patina on nearly vertical planar fracture 21.9-22.in broken core.


12 22.5-24.2 Limestone, light gray 7.5Y 8/1, oolitic, with some small wholefossils (bio-oosparite), hard and dense, with some fine crystal!irbands in top of unit; solution enlarged vertical fracture 23.8-24.2 with red mud stains and calcareous green mud in solutionpockets.

13 24.2-26.5 Badly broken core of above unit; red mud stained verticalfracture through this part of unit.

14 26.5-27.5 Limestone, as above; manganese coating and red mud on solutionenlarged stylolite at top; vertical planar fracture 26.5-27.2 withred mud stains, white patina and secondary calcite coating; highangle fracture with white patina and red mud stains 27.2-27.35.

15 27.5-29.0- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, micritic to finely crystalline,very fine stylolites at 27.8-28.0, silty streaks at 28.8; irregularhorizontal fracture 28.4.

16 29.0—34.0 CORE LOSS

17 34.0-43.3 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, fine crystalline, "sandy,"hard and dense, silty streaks 34.8-35.25; inclined fractures at38.95-39.05 and 39.2-39.3; steeply inclined fracture 39.7-39.9,40.3-40.55; many (20*) bedding plane separations 41.0-42.1; poss.weathered high angle fracture 42.85-43.0.

18 43.3-45.9 CORE LOSS

19 45.9-46.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, microcrystalline to finelycrystalline (biosparite), calcite filling of fossil fragments,hard and dense.

20 46.2-47.4 Limestone, yellowish gray 2.5Y 6/1, micritic, silty streaks, hardand dense; weathered and red mud stained inclined fracture 46.75-47.0 and 47.25-47.30.

21 47.4-50.30 Limestone, grayish yellow brown 10YR 6/2, very fine crystalline,hard and dense; badly broken core in part.

22 50.30-51.3 Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/3, owing to oxidation of siltystreaks, micritic, silty streaks, hard and dense, breaks acrossirregular laminations. " ,

23 51.3-51.9 Limestone, brownish gray 10YR 6/1, finely crystalline to micritic,hard and dense, calcite filling of fossil fragments (biosparite).

24 51.9-53.2 CORE LOSS

25 53.2-55.3 Limestone, same as above; dark calcite filled large whole fossilsat 54.1; recored piece at 53.2-53.3 at top of run.


26 55.3-55.5 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic, numerous silty lami-nations;

27 55.5-56.7 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, very fine crystalline, hardand dense.

28 56.7-57.1 "Clay brecceia" from E & E Log.

29 57.1-61.1- Limestone, same as above; bottom .3+ broken core.

30 61.1—61.7 CORE LOSS - includes .10 recored piece

31 61.7-62.9 Limestone, same as above, iron stained steeply inclined fracture61.85-62.1; mud and iron stained inclined fracture 62.1-62.3; samalong inclined stylolitic surfaces at 62.35-62.45 and 62.50-62.65(includes broken core with some loss).

32 62.9-63.1 CORE LOSS

33 63.1-63.8 Limestone, same as above, badly broken.

34 63.8-65.3 Limestone, light gray 10YR 8/1, fine crystalline (biosparite),scattered fossil fragments, hard and dense; stylolite at 64.6.

35 65.3-65.65 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, medium to coarsly crystalline, h a >and dense.

36 65.65-65.75 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic to sublithographic, (bio-micritic), with dark calcite fossil fillings.

37 65.75-66.1 CORE LOSS/

38 66.1-68.6 Badly broken core, recored piece at base; limestone, as below,.15 thick piece shows solution enlarged joints and differentialsolution on thin beds.

39 68.6-69.4 Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/3, micritic, possibly dolomitic,dull luster, hard and dense; some very thin calcite annealedvertical fractures; high angle fracture 69.0-69.25.

40 69.4-70.70 Limestone, brownish gray 10YR 6/1, microcrystalline to very finecrystalline; bottom .10 sublithographic.

41 70.70-70.75 CHERT, brownish black, 10YR 3/1, with small orange irregularspots-single fragment .05 thick and V spot on base of overlyingunit.

42 70.75-71.10- Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic to microcrystalline,hard and dense; very thin orange calcite annealed high anglefracture 70.85-71.10*; top of unit irregularly solution weathered.


43 71.10--71.25 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 to grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, bandsof light silty limestone and hard dark limestone; with orangecalcite annealed fracture; possible weathered zone at top.

44 71.25-71.40 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, as at 70.75-71.10-; micritic;iron stained near vertical fracture top to bottom.

45 71.40-71.6 CORE LOSS

46 71.6-71.7 Limestone, same as above; orange calcite annealed steeply inclinecfracture through unit.

47 71.7-75.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, lithographic or micritic, hardand dense, with some fine grain crystalline inclusions in places;CHERT mottled gray and black .05 thick irregular lens at 72.9,with several small spots above and below; stylolites and siltystreaks with small chert (.025) in basal .15 foot 1.95 CORE LOSSin this unit.

48 75.0-78.5 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 6/2, microcrystalline to finecrystalline, hard and dense; solution weathered iron stainedirregular vertical fractures 76.3-78.3; obvious loss of somecore at 78.3.

49 78.5-78.9 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, lithographic with some crystallineareas, scattered calcite "eyes," calcite annealed vertical fracturin base.

50 78.9-79.05 Limestone, light gray 10YR 8/1, oosparite, hard and dense.

51 79.05-80.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, lithographic with some crystallineareas; very thin calcite annealed irregular vertical fractures;stylolites at 79.35, 80.0', 80.2; iron stained vertical fracture79.6-79.8; patina on bedding plane 79.9; solution void (.05") onstylolite with white patina at 80.2.

52 80.2-80.5 Badly broken core of above unit.

53 80.5-81.3 Limestone, grayish yellow, 2.5YR 7/2, microcrystalline to very fincrystalline, hard and dense, numerous very small dark calcitespots; steeply inclined fracture 80.5-80.70.

54 81.3-82.3 Limestone, light yellow 2.5Y 7/3, micritic, dull luster, hard anddense; very thin calcite 'annealed irregular vertical fractures,iron stained weathered vertical fractures 81.3-81.65, 31.65-81.90;weathered slightly inclined fracture 81.65-81.70; top of unitweathered and iron stained.

55 82.3-82.4 VOID with drilling mud and cuttings, trace of red clay.


56 82.4-83.35- Limestone, same as above; iron stained high angle fracture 82.7082.85; weathered and iron stained top of unit; weathered friablezone 83.15- 83.20; inclined bedding plane at base weathered.

57 83.35—83.40 VOID, F i l l , clay, dull yellowish brown 10YR 5/3, finely laminatecalcareous, soft.

58 83.40-85.65 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic, sublithographic withcrystalline areas and splotches (biosparmicrite), very fossilifewith bivalves and fenestrate bryozoans; stylolites at 83.6, 83.84.15; weathered and iron stained near vertical fracture 83.6-84.0.

59 85-65-85.75 VOID - F i l l , clay, dull yellow 2.5Y 6/3, laminated; mixed withdrill chips in part.

60 85.75-86.3- Limestone, badly broken core jamed in end of box; light gray2.5Y 8/2, fine crystalline and micritic, hard and dense,fossil-ferous (mostly fossil fragments) (biomicsparite); CHERT, mottledpinkish to cream, fossilferous, calcareous .10 irregular mass atabout 86.0; iron stained and weathered steeply inclined fractur?'in this unit.


Monroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleNEH, SE>s, SW»s, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian2390 WL. 1200 SL,Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 39° 10' 07" N., Long. 860 38' 24" W.

Ground level elevation - 775.52Top inner casing 777.46Top outer casing 777.48Total depth 45.9

1 0-6.1 Silty clay, red-brown, weathered rock at 6.0.

2 6.1-12.4 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, medium crystalline, sandy, hard andense, inclined bedding; solution weathered red mud filledirregular vertical fracture with white patina 6.1-6.9, weatheredand mud stained planar inclined bedding plane 6.95-7.05, mudstained high angle fracture 7.10-7.25, weathered inclined beddimplane, possible solution 9.50-9.55; recored piece with solutionalong irregular vertical fracture, red mud stained 9.5-9.7, mudstained high angle fracture, trace white patina 9.7-9.85 andsolution enlarged high angle fracture with mud stain 12.3-12.40.

3 12.4-12.85 CORE LOSS - Two recored pieces.

4 12.85-15.65 Limestone, same as above, thin dark, silty bands at 14.2-14.4;solution weathered high angle joint with red clay stains on whitepatina 15.0-15.1 and solution weathered lower piece of core; bastof unit at weathered bedding plane.

5 15.65-18.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, microcrystalline to micritic,small whole fossils and fragments (biosparite), hard and dense;numerous silty streaks, some oxidized, 17.6-17.8; .01 clay seamat 17.5.

6 18.0-18.6 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, with oxidation to bright yellowi?brown,micritic, dull luster, indistinctly laminated with siltystreaks, hard and dense; clay and sand reported at 18.7 (18.9 onE & E Log).

7 18.6-19.1 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, microcrystalline to micritic,hard and dense; broken core in part; basal piece has iron stainecwhite patina on beddin.g plane.

/ i8 19.1-20.0 CORE LOSS .- '

9 20.0-21.0 Limestone, same as above, orange calcite annealed irregularvertical fracture 20.0-21.0; irregular vertical fracture with mudstains on white thin patina 20.1-21.0; broken core.

10 21.0-21.6 POSSIBLE CORE LOSS

11 21.6-22.6 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, with oxidation to bright yellowisbrown 2.5Y 7/6, micritic, dull luster, laminated with siltystreaks.


12 22.6-25.7 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, microcrystalline, hard and densea few oxidized silty streaks at top; solution weathered irregularsteeply inclined fracture with white patina 24.8-25.1*, brokencore 24.6-25.6*.

v

13 25.7-27.5 Limestone, pale yellow 2.5Y 8/4, micritic, very hard and dense,weathered bedding plane oxidation zone 26.1.

14 27.5-34.1 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, (biosparite) cystalline, fine tocoarse grain, fossilferous in part, some silty streaks, badlybroken core 29.3-32.1; numerous smooth end pieces owing to spinin core barrel; possibly solution on stylolites or bedding planeat top (27.5), 28.2, 29.4 (low angle stylolite), (.9 core loss iunit in broken core).

15 34.1-36.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, fine crystalline to micritic, haand dense; ten pieces, most with smoothed ends; vertical calciteannealed fracture with dendrites 35.9-36.0*; stylolite (0.75amplitude) at 36.2*.

16 36.2-38.1 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, fine crystalline, hard and densefew stylolites, perhaps more on ground ends of core pieces;weathered irregular vertical fracture in basal .20 foot; .3 coreloss in unit.

17 38.1-39.1 Limestone, same as above, nearly vertical smooth fracture, in top.45 foot (38.1-38.55) possibly weathered.

18 39.1-40.3 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic or lithographic,numerous short calcite annealed fractures, stylolite at 39.8,thin bands of cyrstalline limestone at 39.65 and 39.75.

19 40.3-41.0 Limestone, grayish olive 5Y 6/2, microcrystalline to fine cry-stalline; CHERT light gray 5Y 8/1 with white chalky rims asirregular mass 40.6-40.65 and .05 balls 40.70-40.75.

Neal's Landfill Boring 8AMonroe County, Indiana Whitehall QuadrangleNW corner, NEH, SE>a, SWa, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Second Principal Meridian2040 WL, 1250 SL, Sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 2 W.Lat. 390 10' 07.5" N., Long. 86° 38' 28" W.

i

Ground level elevation 758.85Top inner casing 761.00Top outer casing 761.01 .Total depth 46.8

1 0-10.2 Surface

2 10.2-11.2 Limestone, light gray 5Y 7/2, microcrystalline, hard and dense;irregular high angle fracture with iron stains 10.3-10.45,irregular nearly vertical fracture with white chalky patina onsolution surface 10.7-11.2.

3 11.2-14.2 Clay

4 14.2-16.1 CORE LOSS

5 16.1-18.35 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, fine crystalline with minor smalfossil fragment, fenestrate byrozoans, large fossils in base,hard and dense, rust specks in top and bottom; 16.4-16.6 weatherhigh angle fracture with white patina, low angle fracture 17.9,weathered stylolite 18.05, base of unit ground away.

6 18.35-18.6 CORE LOSS

7 18.6-18.9 CHERT, light gray 2.5Y 8/1 and gray 7.5Y 6/1, top .10 fossili-ferous, bivalves and fenestrate bryozoans, hard and dense,calcareous; vertical fracture, smooth 18.6-18.8; irregularhorizontal basal fracture with white patina.

8 18.9-21.3 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, fine to microcrystalline limestoiincludes some whole fossils (bivalve .05 diameter), hard and den'slightly weathered irregular vertical fracture 19.4-19.7, beddimplane solution at 19.7 with some stained white patina.

9 21.3-24.40 Dolostone, light gray 5Y 8/2, micritic, dull to earthy luster,hard and dense to soft, friable and porous, some scattered whiteand orange calcite filled vertical fractures, base transitionin .05 foot; top pieqe recored.

10 24.40-25.05- Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic, dull luster;steeply inclined fracture annealed with dark calcite; bottompieces recoreo.

11 25.05—26.3 CORE LOSS

12 26.3-29.6 Limestone, dull yellow orange 10YR 7/2, fine crystalline, siltywith very fine sand, hard and dense.


13 29.6-31.3 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, lithographic, hard to brittleand dense, fossiliferous band at 29.9; vertical smooth fractut

, 30.2± to 31.3 with white patina; CHERT mottled gray and lightf gray 30.9-31.0 and 31.15-31.30.

14 31.3-33.55 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, microcrystalline to micrithard and dense; CHERT, yellowish gray 2.5Y 5/1 with pinkish rirregular masses and narrow lenses at 31.9; base of unit transtional in .05 foot; irregular iron stained steeply inclinedfracture 31.3-31.65, high angle irregular fracture at 31.55-31.65; slightly weathered high angle fracture at 32.65-32.7 (grbase during drilling) on bedding plane; iron stained nearlyvertical fracture 33.0-33.55 (continuous to 33.65 in top of lo<unit).

15 33.55-34.2 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, lithographic, hard and dense, cchoidal fracture; iron stained vertical fracture 34.0-34.2, irstained bedding plane 33.65.

16 34.2-36.0 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 7/1, micritic with lithographic areahard and dense, stylolite at 34.5 (4" amplitude); iron stainedirregular high angle fracture as continuation of verticalfracture from above to 34.45; single bed with iron stainedbedding plane on top and vertical fracture 34.65-34.70; ironstained vertical fracture 35.0+ to 36.0; broken core with .7 co:loss.

j 17 36.0-37.4 Dolostone (slow fizz), grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic, somedolomite and possibly ankerite crystals as vug fillings inmiddle of unit, hard but porous, some small rust spots in place*bottom contact gradation in .05 foot.

18 37.4-38.55 Limestone, grayish yellow 2.5Y 7/2, micritic to microcrystallinehard and dense; two calcite annealed steeply inclined fractures38.05-38.55.

19 38.55-40.90 Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/2, lithographic, but includesmicritic and microcrystalline bands in top and some medium cry-stalline bands in base, lithographic rock (biomicrite) includesbands of whole fossils (bivalves and fenestrate bryozoans);CHERT, finely mottled light gray and dark gray, 40.50-40.55,40.8-40.85 with orange'splotches, possible solution enlargedand black stained stylolite at top of unit; heavily iron stainecinclined fractures 39.75-40.00, 40.05-40.20, 40.10-40.20, 40.20-40.30.

20 40.90-41.0 CORE LOSS - most likely in broken core at 39.9-40.0, stick inbox at 41.0 not across core in place, but parallel to core.

21 41.0-42.30 Limestone, as above, more micrite; solution enlarged at top withwhite patina; high angle fracture with white patina 41.3-41.4;heavily iron stained irregular vertical fractures at 41.01-41.3,42.0-42.3.


22 42.30-42.40 Mud filled with "breccia" (reported thicker than recovered bydrillers).

23 42.40-43.90- Limestone, light gray 2.5Y 8/1, lithographic with numerousmicritic splotches, hard and dense; CHERT, yellowish gray 2.5Y 5/irregular band at 43.05-43.3, subrounded piece at 43.4-43.^5;solution weathered steeply inclined fracture at 43.55-43.9-.

24 43.90--44.10- Recored piece of above unit with continuation of fracture.

25 44.10—46.4- CORE LOSS

26 46.4—46.8- Limestone, recored piece, light yellow 2.5Y 7/3, micritic to sublithographic, fossilferous in places,(6" piece from E & E Log);two additional recored pieces about .15 each in box below .4 pie<

DATE: September 12, 1983

TO: File

FROM: Rod Bloese £l£>

SUBJECT: Indiana/TDD No. R5-8109-3G

Bloomington/Neal's Landfill

On September 8, 1983, Bill Goode, Renee Hix and the author met

Richard Powell at the subject site. Dr. Powell was to show B i l l Goode

and the author the locations for eleven (11) soil samples.

The following is a list of the soil sample locations with the

corresponding time of sampling and number of photographs taken.

Location Time No. of Photos

(1) NW Swallow Throat 1020 1

(2) NW Swallow 3' from Throat 1025 2

(3) Limestone Swallow below Rock 1035 1

(4) Limestone Swallow 8' above Rock 1040 1

(5) 40' East of Overflow #1 1050 1

(6) Above Overflow #1 1055 2

(7) Above Overflow #2 1100 1(8) 15' above Overflow #3 1105 1

(9) 23' above Main Overflow #4 1110 1

(10) 43' Upstream of South Spring 1115 1

(11) 7' West of South Spring 1120 1

K

5

-2-

These soil samples were shipped to West Coast Technical for PCB

analysis.

Six additional soil samples were collected at the subject site.

The following is a list of the soil sample locations and the

corresponding time of sampling and number of photographs taken.

Location Time No. of Photos

(12) 25' West of Well 6A 1145 2

(13) East of Bedspring Seep Capacitors 1150 1

(14) 50' West of Well 3A (Blank) 1315 1

(15) 50' West of Well 3A (Spike) 1317 0

(16) 505 W. 1300 N. 1330 1

(17) 805 W. 1200 N. 1337 1

These soil samples were shipped California Analytical for dioxin

and dibenzofuran analysis.

In addition, four (4) photographs were taken of bones located west

of the Bedspring Seep capacitors. The bones were located in two areas.

2M

,9 23 ft. upstream fromOverflow No. Four

735.9

11 7 ft. West and 3 ft.above South Spring

43 ft. SE of SouthSpring in stream bed

8 15 ft. south of O v e r f l o w \ \ \No. Three . 1 \ j \\

T,RE SwALL^wXA\yX5 bed of gu11y 40 f t" e a s tOi !<*39

739.69 FLOOR x ~A«..t; of^ overflow No^ one

WELL 8 5o."76l.97 .,°-J -7 r A -jr\ £

.00v̂ 638i>2&3T <5<~A^-b 5 ft. above bed of^'5'ft."aBove^: Overf low No. one

^Ove r f l ow No. Two 733 / / ;

\wELL^4-fl-^'Lin/!E^TONE.> 3 "below upper rock at 'P \ ,upstream fromc^ Limestone Swallowhole^

3 - 3 x VV ^ >vV», 'SRnf - , \ ~~" /\75760 v- ~C X I I . .

£ 1 Throat of NW Swallowhole '* - — . - ' '' \ i / /2 3 ft. upstream from f/ ' *•

NU Swallowhole ^"ll /' fNW Swallowhole

\.f */'

STAKE MARKECT-X200 . — X

TRUCK BED!

CONTOUR INTERVAL 2 FE

v//6!/OU1CF

7670

SOIL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

8 Sept. 1983

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REPORT - GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY