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SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY

Disclaimer

This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreement between SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY and Worley Parsons RSA (Pty) Ltd. Worley Parsons RSA (Pty) Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party.

Copying this report without the permission of SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY and Worley Parsons RSA (Pty) Ltd is not permitted.

PROJECT 268820KDO – SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY’S BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

REV DESCRIPTION ORIG REVIEWWORLEY-PARSONS

APPROVALDATE CLIENT

APPROVAL DATE

Draft Draft issued for external review

JT HumanAuthor

JT HumanA Reviewer

JT HumanApproval

2013-06-21Approval

Final Final document issued to Client

JT HumanAuthor

JT HumanA Reviewer

JT HumanApproval 2013-12-19 Approval

2013-03-15/WATERDEPT/GEORGE(JH)

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268820KD0 : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT


BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

ITEM DESCRIPTION PAGE

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS..............................................................................................................vii

KEY TERMS.......................................................................................................................................................................viii

WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS............................................................................................................ ix

TREATMENT PROCESSES............................................................................................................................... x

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................xi

BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................1

Appointment........................................................................................................................................................ 3

Methodology followed.......................................................................................................................................... 4

1. WATER SAFETY PLANNING.............................................................................................11

1.1 WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS.........................................................................................11

1.1.1 WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM..........................................................................................................13

1.1.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.............................................................................................................14

1.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES....................................................25

1.2.1 RISK ASSESSMENT......................................................................................................................... 25

1.2.1.1 Hazards and hazardous event identification.......................................................................................25

1.2.1.2 Assessment of the risks..................................................................................................................... 26

1.2.2 RISK MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................ 28

1.2.2.1 Control measures............................................................................................................................... 28

1.2.2.2 Verification and validation of control measures..................................................................................31

1.2.3 REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS..............................................................................................31

1.2.4 IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN.................................................................................................32

1.2.4.1 Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Water Treatment Works...............................32

1.2.4.2 Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Distribution Systems.....................................32

1.2.5 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WSP......................................................................................................38

1.2.6 SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES........................................................................................................39

1.2.7 ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES....................................41

1.2.8 REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP.......................................................................................................41

1.3 RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES..................................................................................41

1.3.1 OPERATIONAL MONITORING.........................................................................................................42

1.3.1.1 Routine monitoring of Process Indicators (Monitoring Activity 1).......................................................42

1.3.1.2 Follow-up monitoring on the Water Quality Risk Assessment (Monitoring Activity 2)........................45

1.3.2 COMPLIANCE MONITORING...........................................................................................................482013-12-19/document.docx/JH

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1.3.3 METHODS USED FOR SAMPLING..................................................................................................50

1.4 CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA....................................50

1.4.1 TESTING LABORATORY AND ACCREDITATION...........................................................................50

1.4.2 TRAINING AND CONTROL MEASURES TO ENSURE SAMPLING CREDIBILITY.........................50

1.4.3 SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY RESULTS............................................................51

1.5 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................................51

1.5.1 WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES..................................................................51

2. DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL...................58

2.1 COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION - WORKS CLASSIFICATION..................................................58

2.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS.........................................................................58

2.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATER TREATMENT WORKS............................................................58

2.2 COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION - PROCESS CONTROLLER REGISTRATION.......................59

2.3 AVAILABILITY OF SIGNED WTW LOGBOOKS...............................................................................59

3. DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE...................................................................60

3.1 COMPLIANCE PER DETERMINAND...............................................................................................60

3.2 RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINED HEALTH INDEX.............................................................................60

3.3 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY INDEX...............................................................................................61

4. MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION..................................61

4.1 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT.......................................................................................................61

4.2 PUBLICATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE.....................62

4.3 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS / PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS............................................63

5. ASSET MANAGEMENT......................................................................................................64

5.1 ANNUAL PROCESS AUDIT..............................................................................................................64

5.1.1 Annual Detailed Audit of Assets, Infrastructure and Water Section Personnel..................................64

5.1.2 Quarterly and Annual Monitoring of the Water Treatment Works.......................................................65

5.2 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET REGISTER............................................................................65

5.3 AVAILABILITY AND COMPETENCE OF MAINTENANCE TEAM.....................................................67

5.4 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS...........................................................................68

5.5 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE...........................................69

5.6 DESIGN CAPACITIES AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS........................................................................................................................................................... 69

2013-12-19/document.docx/JH

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Annexure A: WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS

Annexure AA: WSP Team

Agenda, Attendance Register and Risk Methodology for discussion with WSP Team

Annexure AB: Flow diagrams of the Swartland Municipality’s internal water distribution systems

Flow diagrams of the West Coast DM’s Bulk water distribution systems and WTWs

Annexure AC: Locality Maps and Aerial photos of water and sewer distribution networks for each of the water supply systems

Quaternary Catchments of Swartland Municipality

Annexure AD: Factors for consideration during the documentation and description of the systems.

Annexure AE: Evaluation of Catchment and Raw Water Source (Perdeberg Dam).

Distribution risk evaluations

Annexure AF: Hazards and hazardous events and assessment of the risks

Existing control measures, reassessment and prioritization of the risks.

Improvement / Upgrade Plan

Capital Budget 2013/2014

Control Measures of the West Coast District Municipality

Risk Assessment of the West Coast District Municipality

Annexure AG: Operational Sampling Programme of the West Coast District Municipality

Compliance Sampling Programme of the West Coast District Municipality

Equipment and Techniques used for sampling by the West Coast District Municipality

Annexure AH: Laboratory Details: Accreditation, Proficiency and Use of Results

West Coast District Municipality’s Proficiency Testing Programmes

Annexure AI: Water and Safety Management Procedures

Disaster Management Structure and Disaster Response Flowchart

Incident Register

Annexure AJ: Existing Control Measure Sheets and Work Schedules

Annexure B: DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

Classifications Certificates of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs

Registration Certificates of Process Controllers and Supervisors for the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs

Annexure C: DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE

Compliance Sample Results

Compliance Monitoring Parameters (SANS241: 2011 Drinking Water Specifications)


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Annexure D: MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION

Water Quality Compliance Publications issued by the West Coast District Municipality

Service Level Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality

Annexure E: ASSET MANAGEMENT

Water Distribution System Pipe Replacement Study

Asset Register 2011-2012

Updated Organogram and Maintenance Teams for Swartland Municipality

Updated Organogram and Maintenance Teams for the West Coast District Municipality

Capability Statements of External Contractors

Operational and Maintenance Manuals for Filtration Plant, Disinfection Plant and Pump Stations

Operational and Maintenance Budget for Water Services

West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs Flows

REFERENCES


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LIST OF TABLESTable 1 Blue drop performance of the Municipality (DWA’s 2011 Blue Drop Report)..........................3Table 2 Steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approach...........................4Table 3 The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality

with their Water Safety Plan....................................................................................................5Table 4 The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality

with their Blue Water Services Performance Audit..................................................................7Table 1.1.1 DWA’s Water Safety Planning KPIs and percentages for the various years...........................12Table 1.1.1.1 Overview of the various WSP Team members.......................................................................14Table 1.1.2.1 Existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes......................15Table 1.1.2.2 Factors considered during the documentation and description of the distribution systems

................................................................................................................................................ 16Table 1.1.2.3 Summary of distribution systems............................................................................................16Table 1.1.2.4 Summary of relative importance and ranking of the quaternary catchments in the Berg

River Catchment..................................................................................................................... 17Table 1.1.2.5 Bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area..........19Table 1.1.2.6 Allocations and expected future annual water demand for Withoogte, Swartland and

Langebaan Road.................................................................................................................... 19Table 1.1.2.7 Summary of existing water sources, alternative sources and comments on the

interconnectivity and conditions of the source.........................................................................21Table 1.1.2.8 Population served by each of the distribution systems (Exclude farms in the rural areas)

................................................................................................................................................ 21Table 1.1.2.9 Overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end users

and particularly vulnerable sub-groups...................................................................................22Table 1.1.2.10 Existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland Municipality is

responsible.............................................................................................................................. 22Table 1.2.1.1.1 Potential hazards and hazardous events evaluated by the WSP Team..................................25Table 1.2.1.1.2 Summary of recalculated risks for the Withoogte and Swartland bulk distribution

systems, as included in their Water Safety Plan.....................................................................26Table 1.2.1.2.1 Hazard assessment matrix used to score existing risks..........................................................27Table 1.2.1.2.2 Overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment

matrix...................................................................................................................................... 27Table 1.2.1.2.3 Potential hazards or hazardous events that scored medium or high during Swartland

Municipality’s risk assessment process..................................................................................27Table 1.2.2.1.1 Existing control measures implemented by Swartland Municipality........................................29Table 1.2.2.1.2 Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes.......................................................................30Table 1.2.2.1.3 Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes monitoring......................................................30Table 1.2.3.1 Summary of recalculated risks................................................................................................31Table 1.2.4.2.1 Pressures in existing systems.................................................................................................33Table 1.2.4.2.2 Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan).....................33Table 1.2.4.2.3 Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Swartland Municipality’s distribution

systems................................................................................................................................... 35Table 1.2.4.2.4 Future pump stations requirements for Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems............35Table 1.2.4.2.1.1 Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution

systems................................................................................................................................... 37Table 1.2.4.2.1.2 Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution

systems................................................................................................................................... 37Table 1.2.8.1 Review schedule for Water Safety Plan..................................................................................41Table 1.3.1.1.1 Minimum monitoring frequency for process indicators (SANS 241-2:2011 Table 1)...............42Table 1.3.1.1.2 Minimum sample numbers for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in distribution systems

(SANS 241-2:2011 Table 2)....................................................................................................43Table 1.3.1.1.3 Current parameters sampled by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland

Municipality: Routine monitoring of Process indicators...........................................................432013-12-19/document.docx/JH

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Table 1.3.1.1.4 Current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems................................................................................................................................................ 44

Table 1.3.1.2.1 Frequency of analysis for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1 (SANS 241-2: 2011 Table 3)...........................................45

Table 1.3.1.2.2 Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 (January 2012-December 2012..............................................................................................46

Table 1.3.1.2.3 Five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism, physical or aesthetic property or chemical substance of potable water is normally classified..................................47

Table 1.5.1.1 Actions for various risk categories..........................................................................................52Table 1.5.1.2 Possible representatives on the ETT......................................................................................52Table 1.5.1.3 Risks included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management Plan.............52Table 1.5.1.4 Proposed Incident Management Protocol for health related drinking water quality

incidents.................................................................................................................................. 55Table 1.5.1.5 Incident Management Protocol for aesthetic drinking water quality incidents.........................56Table 1.5.1.6 Example of Drinking Water Quality Incident Register.............................................................57Table 3.2.1 Health categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to

December 2012)..................................................................................................................... 60Table 3.3.1 Aesthetic and operational categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period

January 2012 to December 2012)...........................................................................................61Table 4.1.1 Management commitment for the various key documents and processes..............................61Table 5.1.1.1 The independent factors and the weight factors used to determine the pipe replacement

potential ................................................................................................................................. 64Table 5.2.1 Current and depreciated replacement cost of the water infrastructure....................................65Table 5.2.2 Overview of the remaining useful life and the age distribution by facility type for the

water infrastructure (CRC)......................................................................................................66Table 5.2.3 Overview of the age distribution by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC).................66Table 5.5.1 Summary of Operational and Maintenance Budget................................................................69Table 5.6.1 Design capacities of WTWs....................................................................................................69Table 5.6.2 Design capacities and current flows at WTWs........................................................................70Table 5.6.3 Daily operating flows at WTWs (m3/d).....................................................................................70


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ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily DemandACIP Accelerated Community Infrastructure ProgrammeBDS Blue Drop SystemCRC Current Replacement CostCU Consumer UnitDM District MunicipalityDRC Depreciated Replacement CostDoH Department of HealthDWA Department of Water AffairsDWQ Drinking Water QualityEC Electrical ConductivityEHP Environmental Health PractitionerETT Emergency Task TeamFDA Future Development AreaFe IronGAMAP General Accepted Municipal Accounting PracticesHH HouseholdHL High LevelIDZ Industrial Development ZoneIMP Incident Management ProtocolKl KilolitreKl/a Kilolitre per yearKPI Key Performance Indicatorm³/d Cubic metre per dayMl MegalitreMl/a Megalitre per yearMl/d Megalitre per dayNTU Nephelometric Turbidity UnitsO&M Operation and MaintenancePPE Personnel Protective EquipmentPS Pump StationSANS South African National StandardsSDBIP Service Delivery Budget Implementation PlanSM Swartland MunicipalityTDS Total Dissolved SolidsTWL Top Water LevelUAW Unaccounted WaterWCDM West Coast District MunicipalityWHO World Health OrganisationWRC Water Research CommissionWSAs Water Services AuthoritiesWSDP Water Services Development PlanWSIs Water Services InstitutionsWSP Water Safety PlanWTW Water Treatment Works


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KEY TERMS

TERM INTERPRETATION

Control Measures

Actions that reduce levels of hazards within water supply systems either by preventing entry, reducing concentration, or by restricting their production. It is also referred to as “barriers” or “mitigation measures” and is steps in the drinking-water supply that directly affect drinking-water quality and ensure the water consistently meets water quality targets. They are activities and processes applied to reduce or mitigate risks.

Corrective Action The action to be taken when the results of monitoring indicate a deviation from an operational or critical limit.

Current Replacement Cost (CRC)

The cost of replacing the service potential of an existing asset, by reference to some measure of capacity, with an appropriate modern equivalent asset. GAMAP defines CRC as the cost the entity would incur to acquire the asset on the reporting date.

Depreciated Replacement Cost (DRC)

The replacement cost of an existing asset after deducting an allowance for wear or consumption to reflect the remaining economic life of the existing asset.

Hazard Any agent that will cause an adverse health effect if it is consumed via drinking water. Hazards may be microbiological, physical or chemical in origin.

Hazardous Event An incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard.

MonitoringIs the act of conducting a planned series of observations or measurements of operational and / or critical limits to assess whether the components of the water supply are operating properly.

Remaining Useful Life (RUL)

The time remaining over which an asset is expected to be used.

Supporting Programmes

Activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people themselves do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply.

Validation Obtaining evidence that the elements of the water safety plan are effective.

VerificationIs the use of methods, procedures or tests in addition to those used in monitoring to determine if the WSP is in compliance with the stated objectives outlined in the water quality targets and / or whether the WSP needs modification and revalidation.

Water Safety Plan

A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. A WSP includes the following three key components:

System assessment, which determines whether the drinking water supply chain (up to the point of consumption) as a whole can deliver water of a quality that meets national standards.

Identification of control measures in a drinking water system that will collectively control identified risks and ensure that health based targets are met. For each control measure identified, an appropriate means of operational monitoring should be defined that will ensure that any deviation from the required performance is rapidly detected in a timely manner.

Management plans describing actions taken during normal operation or incident conditions and documenting the system assessment (including upgrade and improvement), monitoring and communication plans and supporting programmes.


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WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERTaste and Odour

Taste and odour are generally caused by substances secreted into the water by living organisms such as algae, fungi, and other micro-organisms. Certain chemical products, even in minute quantities, also give off unpleasant odours, as is the case when water is overdosed with chlorine.Unpleasant tastes are generally not health threatening but are unacceptable in drinking water on aesthetic grounds.

ColourColour in water is usually not harmful, but many consumers object to a highly coloured water on aesthetic grounds.Colour in water is due to colloidal organic matter in solution or in suspension.Organically coloured waters usually have low alkalinity and low pH, making them corrosive to metal pipes and materials, even normally corrosion resistant copper and galvanised pipes and fittings. Stabilisation of such water is essential to protect water supply networks.

pHpH is a measure of the acidity (pH less than 7) or alkalinity (pH greater than 7) of the water. pH stands for potential of hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being the neutral point.Extreme pH values affect the taste of water – low pH values taste sour and high pH values taste soapy. Highly acidic waters are also corrosive.The pH of water is sometimes seen as a chemical characteristic, as many chemical re-actions and biological activities are controlled by pH.

TurbidityTurbidity is caused by the presence of colloidal solids, resulting in cloudy or muddy water, which may also affect its taste and colour. The solid matter usually consists of a mixture of inorganic matter such as clay and silt particles, and organic matter derived from living organisms such as plant and animals, and having carbon in its molecular structure.Turbidity in water is aesthetically unattractive, may affect taste and odour, and may indicate poor water quality due to harmful microbes and inefficient water treatment.

Electrical Conductivity (EC)Electrical Conductivity is a measure of the ease with which water conducts electricity. EC is measured in Siemens (S) (or millisiemens-mS) per metre.Conductivity depends on the quantity of dissolved salts in the water. For example, distilled water, which conducts electricity poorly, has an EC of less than 1 mS/m, while sea water is a very good conductor. Water with an EC above 150 mS/m tastes salty.Conductivity also gives an indication of the total dissolved salts (TDS) in water.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERDissolved Organic Substances

Dissolved organic substances are present in most surface water, and are generally harmless, but can impart colour to the water.There are also harmful organic substances in water, such as pesticides that find their way into water sources.Organic compounds in water can serve as a nutrient source for micro-organisms, which can lead to bacterial growth in water treatment plants and distribution systems. This results in the deterioration of water quality and slime formation in tanks and pipes.

Total trihalomethanesChlorination of colour causing compounds and other organic substances in water may result in the formation of undesirable by-products, some of which have been found to be potentially carcinogenic (cancer forming). One such class of compounds is the trihalomethanes (THMs).

PhenolsPhenols and their derivatives are the mark of industrial pollution. Their worst effect is that, in the presence of chlorine, very small quantities of phenols, (depending on other organic matter in the water), affect the taste of water.

MICROBIOLICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERThe measurement of total coliforms is commonly used as an indicator of faecal pollution, and thus the possible presence of disease causing micro-organisms (pathogens), which may give rise to gastro-intestinal diseases.Total coliforms comprise several bacterial groups, including those of faecal origin. Faecal coliforms are a subgroup, and are bacteria found only in the digestive systems of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The most important bacterium of the faecal coliform group is Escherishia coli (or E.Coli). There are so many types of pathogens that it has become common practice to only test for total coliforms and faecal coliforms.


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TREATMENT PROCESSES

TREATMENT PROCESSESCoagulation

Flocculation alone may provide only infrequent collisions and not sufficient flocs. In such circumstances a chemical coagulant is added to the water before flocculation. Coagulation changes the suspended colloidal particles chemically so that they clump together (agglomerate) and form flocs.

The most common coagulant used in water treatment is aluminium sulphate (alum). The alum is dissolved in water tanks and then dosed into the water.

Ferrous sulphate (copperas), ferric sulphate, ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride are also sometimes used as coagulants.

Lime is also used as coagulant, but does not act in the same way as the aluminium and iron or ferric based coagulants, which form aluminium or irons when dissolved in water. These ions neutralize the negative charges carried by the colloidal particles.

When lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to the water it increases the pH, and forms carbonate ions which result calcium carbonate crystals that trap the colloidal particles in the same way as alum or ferric flocs.

Polyelectrolytes are also used to assist the flocculation process. These are polymetric organic compounds consisting of long polymer chains that trap the particles in the water.

FlocculationFlocculation is often considered to be part of coagulation and involves the mixing or stirring of water in which a coagulant has been added, causing the particles to collide with each other and with the flocs formed by the coagulant. In this way the destabilized individual colloidal particles are agglomerated and incorporated into the larger flocs.

SedimentationSedimentation is the process whereby flocs are given the opportunity to settle.

Sedimentation tanks have two functions, the removal of the settleable solids, and the concentration of the removed solids (sludge) into a smaller volume.

Sludge must be removed from the tanks regularly and according to operating schedules. Insufficient sludge removal results in the formation of a sludge blanket and sludge being carried over to the filters.

FiltrationThe filtration process removes suspended particles from the water by means of a physical barrier. During the process, water passes through a porous medium in which the particles are trapped.

If the rate of flow is slow, as in slow sand filters, particles are trapped on the surface; when the flow rate is fast, as in rapid sand filters, the particles are removed when the water passes through a deep bed of filter medium.

DisinfectionDisinfection is a treatment process used to destroy disease causing micro-organisms in water, to ensure that it is safe to drink.

ChlorinationChlorination is the most commonly used disinfection method. It is often the only treatment where the water is already of an acceptable physical and chemical quality, and only safeguarding against microbiological pollution is required.

StabilisationTreated water containing dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in significant amounts is considered to be chemically unstable.

There is no health hazards associated with unstable water. It can however have substantial cost implications due to the repair of the leaks in corroded pipes or the cost of increased electricity as heat transfer in kettles and geysers is reduced. Scale also reduces the inside diameter of pipes, reducing their carrying capacity and increasing pumping costs.

Final water can be stabilized by dosing with lime, carbon dioxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash) or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). Lime is used to stabilize soft water (water with a low calcium content) and water with a low pH, i.e. corrosive water, while carbon dioxide is used to stabilize water with a high pH.


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268820KDO : SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY : BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT


BLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND

Access to safe drinking water is essential to health and is a basic human right. Safe drinking water that complies with the SANS:241 Drinking Water specification does not pose a significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. Improving access to safe drinking water can thus result in tangible benefits to public health and every effort should be made to achieve a drinking water quality that complies with national safety standards.

Key legislation relating to the provision of safe drinking water in South Africa includes the Water Services Act, Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water, Regulation 2834, Strategic Framework for Water Services, Municipal Structures Act, National Health Act, National Water Act and the National Water Resource Strategy.

Swartland Municipality therefore has the legal responsibility to monitor the quality of drinking water provided to consumers, compare the results of sample testing to national drinking water standards (SANS:241) and to communicate any health risks to consumers and the appropriate authorities.

The Blue Drop Certification Programme was therefore introduced by the DWA to provide incentive towards performance enhancement and also to include the consumer in the regulatory cycle, through the publication on Drinking Water Quality Management performance. The Blue Drop Certification Programme seeks to restore the trust of the general public in the quality of tap water through revealing performance in a responsible yet transparent manner. This would ensure that the public will be informed on both the actual quality of tap water, as well as the performance levels of the drinking water quality management at WSI level.

WorleyParsons RSA was appointed by Swartland Municipality to support them with their Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report, in line with the requirements of the DWA. The appointment included assisting the Municipality with the drafting of their Water Safety Plan (WSP), according to the guidelines published by the World Health Organization (Water Safety Plan Manual). Water quality standards are set worldwide according to the World Health Organization Guidelines.

WATER SAFETY PLANNNING

WSPs are a form of water quality assurance through a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. The multiple barrier principle implies that actions are required at all stages in the process of producing and distributing water in order to protect water quality. This includes source protection, treatment through several different stages and prevention of contamination during distribution to each individual household. The WSP of Swartland Municipality includes the following three key components:


Identification of control measures in the drinking water systems that will collectively control identified risks and ensure that health based targets are met. Appropriate means of operational monitoring was defined for each control measure identified, that will ensure that any deviation from the required performance is rapidly detected in a timely manner.



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WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM

The team was compiled by Swartland Municipality during the first meeting that was held on the 15 th of October 2012 at the Engineering Department in Malmesbury. The WSP process / approach to be followed and the various tasks were worked through with the WSP Team during the meeting on the 15 th of October 2013. The roles and responsibilities of the individuals on the team were also defined and recorded. It is essential that senior management are aware of the provisions of the act, the water quality requirement set in SANS:241 Drinking water quality standard as well as their own accountabilities with regard to water services provision.

Ms Esmari Steenkamp of Swartland Municipality is the WSP Team Leader and guided and directed the team through the preparation process of the WSP and the assessment of the systems. The operational personnel of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and the bulk distribution systems and the Swartland Municipality’s internal distribution systems were also included in the WSP Team from the start of the process, because of their detailed knowledge about the existing water quality problems in the supply systems and the WTWs. They are also the best familiarised with their systems and know exactly what the existing operational monitoring controls are and the potential water quality hazards and hazardous events and the risks associated with these hazards. They will also contribute to the success of the plan through facilitating its ownership and implementation.

The team have the authority to enable implementation of the recommendations stemming from the WSP and will be responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining the WSP as a core part of their day-to-day roles.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

The following factors were considered during the documentation and description of each of the distribution systems and were completed with the WSP Team.

Source Water and Catchment Distribution System Protection measures applied. Developments in the catchments that affect quality. Known water quality problems.

Known design faults Areas of distribution and service levels Known operational problems

Detailed flow diagrams of the internal distribution systems of Swartland Municipality and the bulk distribution systems and water treatment processes of the West Coast District Municipality were completed. The diagrams provide an overview description of the drinking water systems and enable hazards to be identified clearly. The chemicals that are added to the water at the West Coast DM’s WTWs are also included on the flow diagrams. Aerial photos of the water and sewer networks for each of the distribution systems were also completed. The flow diagrams for the systems and the treatment processes were confirmed with the Operational Managers during the site visits and the meetings with them. The validation of the flow diagrams enabled the WSP Team to determine the vulnerability of the systems in terms of its design and constructions and the operation and maintenance of the systems. The flow diagrams were signed and dated by the Operational Managers.

Swartland Municipality has been one of the more proactive municipalities in the Western Cape Province in responding to the call from many quarters to improve the management of municipal infrastructure assets. The Municipality compiled an Asset Register for all their water infrastructure and also implements a pipeline refurbishment / replacement programme.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A detailed risk assessment was executed. This step of the WSP establishes the risk that the water quality standard will not be met as well as the consequences if the standard is not complied with.

A list of potential hazards and hazardous events were compiled and worked through with the WSP Team. Additional hazards were also added to the list by the WSP Team and the potential hazards were evaluated for each of the distribution systems.


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RISK MANAGEMENT

Barriers implemented by the Swartland Municipality against contamination and deteriorating quality include:

Participate in catchment management and water source protection issues.

Correct operation and maintenance of the filtration and disinfection plants.

Protection and maintenance of the distribution system. This includes ensuring an adequate disinfectant residual at all times, rapid response to pipe bursts and other leaks, regular cleaning of reservoirs, keeping all delivery points tidy and clean, etc.

Four other important barriers against poor quality drinking water that are a prerequisite to those listed above are:

A well informed Council and municipal managers that understand the extreme importance of and are committed to providing adequate resources for continuous professional operation and maintenance of the water supply system.

A Service Delivery Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality is in place for the provision of bulk water.

Competent managers and supervisors in the technical department who are responsible for water supply services lead by example and are passionate about monitoring and safeguarding drinking water quality.

Well informed community members and other consumers of water supply services that know how to protect the water from becoming contaminated once it has been delivered, that have respect for water as a precious resource and that adhere to safe hygiene and sanitation practices.

The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality can be summarised as follows:

CATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCE West Coast Water Monitoring Committee. Active participation in Catchment Stakeholders’ Forums and communication of critical issues. Engage with the West Coast District Municipality with regard to additional Water Sources for the Withoogte and

Swartland Bulk Distribution Systems. Restricted access to sources (Perdeberg Dam is situated in the Paardenberg Nature Reserve and Riverlands boreholes are

fenced). Ensuring that all water usage is registered and authorized by DWA as stipulated by the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998). Building and planning regulations include measures to protect the water resources from potentially polluting activities (e.g.

industries). Enforcement of Water Services Bylaws and strict monitoring of industrial consumers, with regard to the quality of effluent

discharged by them. Abstraction of Riverlands boreholes linked to the telemetry system.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM Filtration: Rapid Gravity Sand filters with automated backwashing procedures. Operational personnel regularly inspect the

filters in order to ensure that the filters are operational. Disinfection

Operator ensures that there is sufficient chlorine in the tanks / cylinders.Operator test for gas leaks on a regular basis or whenever required.Operator ensures that chlorine dosing takes place at the correct dosage levels. Records are kept. The chlorine dosing is automated and linked to the flows.Follow safety procedures.

Security: Plant is fenced and locked.


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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Bulk meter readings are taken 8 hourly by the West Coast DM and the amount of water received is monitored by the West Coast DM.

The West Coast DM implements an Alarmed Telemetry System for operating limits (Continuous monitoring with alarms for some of the processes).

Standby generators (general standby generators) Trained operational personnel (trained in chlorine disinfection systems) Verification Monitoring: Monthly microbiological samples taken at various points on the distribution networks. Storage

Bulk meter readings are taken by a telemetry system 24 hours per day.Levels of reservoirs are controlled through telemetry system (Opening & Closing)

Security at chlorination stationsChlorination plants are fenced and locked with alarms.

Security at pump stationsIntruder alarms for pump stations.

Security at reservoirsAll of the reservoir covers are locked and some of the reservoirs are fenced in order to prevent access.

Monitoring water lossesInternal network distribution losses are monitored for each of the distribution systems on a monthly basis.

Customer complaints systemDeveloped help-desks at all municipal administrations with the objective to assist customers.Disabled people are supported to do business from the help-desks. Requests by the illiterate are being captured and forwarded to the relevant official / section.After hour emergency requests are being dealt with on a twenty four hour basis.All complaints are logged through a Logbook System.The Municipality has maintained a high and a very consistent level of service to the consumers in their Management Area.

“Job Card” system to repair pipe bursts and leaks, with standby teams.All pipe bursts and leaks are logged and repaired immediately. Standby teams are available during the night and over weekends and holiday periods.

Rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing infrastructure. An Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure. Old water networks are replaced annually as funds become available. Pipe Replacement Study was completed in April 2013.

Fully enclosed distribution systems and storage facilities. Maintaining adequate system pressure. Pressure monitoring and recording. Compliance Monitoring (Water quality sampling programme)

Water Quality Sampling Programme is in place and samples are taken on a regular basis (Results and Parameters tested by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure C).

Cleaning of reservoirsRegular inspections of reservoirs and reservoirs are regularly cleaned.

Up-to-date network maps (GIS). Purchasing policy and procedure. Consumer education and property inspections

REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS

The risks were then recalculated in terms of likelihood and consequence, taking into account all the existing control measures. The table below summarise the recalculated risks, after the existing control measures were taken into account, of the potential hazards or hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the first assessment.

Low Risks Medium Risks High Risks Agricultural or Forestry practices may

lead to contamination by toxic chemicals including pesticides, spillage of diesel and petroleum products.

Non-compliance with regard to chlorine safety legislation.

Unauthorised human access, illegal substances thrown into reservoir.

Dead-end mains and low water flows can lead to stagnant water and loss of

Groundwater may contain health related chemicals as a result of local geology (no groundwater monitoring).

Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings and rooms not on standard.

Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder storage not on standard.

Safety Audit: Staff working with chlorine not adequately trained (Respiratory equipment, chlorine handling and first aid).

Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and action plans not in place.

Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at treatment facilities

Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving of equipment is not available.

Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on


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Low Risks Medium Risks High Risksresidual chlorine (Koringberg, Riebeek Wes and Riebeek Kasteel).

E-coli failures within distribution networks.

standard. Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety

equipment (PPE) not in place. Safety Audit: Personnel protective

equipment not in place (PPE). Safety Audit: Leak detection and

contaminated air control equipment not in place.

IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN

An Improvement / Upgrade Plan was compiled for all the existing significant risks, where the existing controls were not effective or absent. Each identified improvement was linked to one of the WSP Team members to take responsibility for implementation together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these controls.

The future water capital projects of Swartland Municipality are included in the Improvement / Upgrade Plan. The Improvement / Upgrade Plan should be monitored to confirm improvements have been made and are effective and that the WSP has been updated accordingly. It should also be taken into consideration that the introduction of new controls could introduce new risks to the system.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WSP

Verification should provide the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. If it does not, the Upgrade / Improvement Plan should be revised and implemented.

SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES

Supporting programmes are activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people themselves do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply. The existing Supporting programmes of Swartland Municipality are as follows:

Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast DM and Saldanha Bay Municipality, Swartland Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality and the establishment of a Monitoring Committee.

Supply Chain Management Procedures

Security Measures

Training of Personnel

Water Services By-laws

Codes of good operating, management and hygienic practice are essential elements of supporting programmes. The codes in place at Swartland Municipality include the following:

Training and competence of personnel involved in water supply. The qualifications of the existing operational personnel are included in Annexure E. On-going training is provided to these personnel as courses with regard to water quality and water safety becomes available.

Tools for managing the actions of staff such as quality assurance systems.

Securing stakeholder commitment at all levels to the provision of safe water and education of communities whose activities influence water quality.

Calibration and monitoring of equipment. Supervisors at disinfection plants ensure that equipment used for chlorine dosage are properly calibrated and monitor the equipment.

Record keeping. The current information recoded is included in Annexure AJ.2013-12-19/document.docx/JH

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ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES

If document updates are prepared as information becomes available, it reduces the amount of updating required at the end of the year and will allow Swartland Municipality to receive more up-to-date progress reports for their own planning services.

REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP

The WSP Team of Swartland Municipality is committed to meet regularly to review all aspects of the WSP to ensure that they are still accurate. Operational monitoring results and trends will be assessed. In addition to the regular three year review, the WSP will also be reviewed when, for example, a new water source is developed, major treatment improvements are planned and brought into use, or after a major water quality incident.

RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES

The Manager Trade Services (Ms Steenkamp) oversees the water quality results. Results of the analyses are submitted to Ms Steenkamp, who takes immediate action to rectify problems and / or improve operational aspects as and when may be required (Implementation of Emergency protocols). For serious failures an Incident Response Management Protocol is followed to ensure rapid remedying of the problems, which includes notification to DWA as may be necessary.

A Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment was done of which the purpose is to obtain an overview of the ability of the WTWs to meet the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1 on a sustained basis. The only performance indicators categorised as “Unacceptable” in the various distribution systems were as follows:

Operational Efficiency: The parameters contributing towards the unacceptable performance were for Koringberg (Turbidity), Yzerfontein (pH and Turbidity), Darling (Turbidity), Abbotsdale (Total Coliforms) and Chatsworth (Total Coliforms and E.Coli).

Acute Health – 1 Microbiological (E.Coli or FC): The parameters contributing towards the unacceptable performance for Chatsworth were Total Coliforms and E.Coli.

Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic): The parameters contributing towards the unacceptable performance for Chatsworth were Total Coliforms and E.Coli.

CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA

Microbiological Water Quality Compliance samples, taken by the Swartland Municipality, are analysed at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point (Microbiological). Water samples taken by the West Coast District Municipality are analysed in the Municipality’s own Laboratory at the Withoogte WTW. The laboratory further participates in the National Health Laboratory Service (Microbiological) and SABS (Chemical) Proficiency Testing Programmes. The other Accredited Laboratories used by the West Coast District Municipality for sample analysis are CSIR Consulting and Analytical Services, Water Lab and the National Health Laboratory Service.

INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

Effective management involves actions to be taken in response to variations that occur during “normal” operating conditions and “incident” situations where the loss of a control system may occur and of procedures to follow in unforeseen and emergency situations. These management procedures are an integral part of the WSP. Swartland Municipality is committed to update these procedures as necessary, particularly in light of implementation of the Improvement / Upgrade Plan and reviews of incidents, emergencies and near misses.

A Disaster Management Plan for the West Coast Region is in place, which confirms the arrangements for managing disaster risk and for preparing for- and responding to disasters within the West Coast Region as required by the Disaster Management Act.

The following protocols will also be implemented by Swartland Municipality, depending on the type of water quality failure.


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Incident Management Protocol for Distribution System Incidents

Proposed Disinfection Optimization Protocol.

Proposed Turbidity Failure Response Protocol.

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Health Related Drinking Water Quality Incidents.

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Aesthetic Drinking Water Quality Incidents.

Drinking Water Quality Complaints Procedure

Proposed Management Communications

DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

Swartland Municipality received 96.5% of their total 2011/2012 potable water demand from the West Coast District Municipality through their Withoogte and Swartland Bulk Water Supply Systems. A Rapid Gravity Sand Filter is further used by the Swartland Municipality to treat the surface water supplied from the Perdeberg Dam (3.1% of total demand). The water is also disinfected before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. Three boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for Riverlands and Kalbaskraal (0.4% of total demand). The groundwater is disinfected, before it is blended with the other potable water and distributed to the consumers in Riverlands and Kalbaskraal respectively.

The training provided by Swartland Municipality to their Operational Personnel over the last few years was as follows:

COMPLETE

DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE

The Compliance Sampling results of the West Coast District Municipality are uploaded onto the BDS by the District Municipality. Hard copies of all the operational and compliance sampling results are also available. Microbiological compliance samples are also taken by Swartland Municipality and tested at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The Compliance Sample results for the various distribution systems are included in the Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report.

MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION

Swartland Municipality realises the importance of good communication with their consumers to whom they provide potable water through their various distribution systems. Swartland Municipality therefore understands the importance of involving community members on a regular basis and not only when there is a crisis.

Total transparency is therefore one of the main objectives when public notifications are distributed by Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality. High on the list of priorities in these communications and the Water Monitoring Committee Meetings is regular communication on water quality and in particular how efficient the water treatment plants performs and whether the required standards are met. Efficient groundwater management is also one of the other key priorities discussed during these meetings by the West Coast District Municipality.

Swartland Municipality can also make use of the following media for further communication with the public on water quality issues: the municipality’s website, newsletters accompanying the bills and the local newspapers. The Municipality can also make information available to the learners at the local schools, so that they can learn about the importance of effective water quality management.

Water quality results are also included in Swartland Municipality’s WSDP and Water Services Audit Report. Swartland Municipality review their WSDP regularly and compile annually a Water Services Audit Report. The WSDP is made available to the public and various other stakeholders for their comments and all comments


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made are considered when preparing the final WSDP. The WSDP and Water Services Audit Reports are public documents with various sections addressing water quality management.

ASSET MANAGEMENT

A pipeline replacement study was performed by GLS for Swartland Municipality’s entire water distribution system during 2013. The project entailed the verification of system data, establishment of a computer model for the pipe replacement network, performing an analysis and reporting. The pipe replacement potential was determined for each of the pipelines in the water distribution systems by assessing the likelihood of failure (LF) and the consequence of failure (CF).

It is important that the filtration plant and disinfection plants are subjected to a technical assessment by a technically competent person to advise on the performance of the plants and technical (mechanical, civil and electrical) improvements required. It is also required by DWA that proof be provided that the reservoirs and distribution systems were inspected to inform preventative maintenance programmes. These inspections / assessments / audits are to be performed at least once a year.

An updated Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area.

The Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants share staff. The Plants run unsupervised 24 hours a day and is checked regularly by the Area Superintendent Water Works. The Water Supply is headed by the Manager Water and Sanitation, Mr Louis Zikman.

Comprehensive Operational and Maintenance Manuals are available for the filtration plant, disinfection plants and pump stations.


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SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITYBLUE WATER SERVICES PERFORMANCE AUDIT

BACKGROUND

Access to safe drinking water is essential to health and is a basic human right. Safe drinking water that complies with the SANS: 241 Drinking Water specifications do not pose a significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages. Improving access to safe drinking water can thus result in tangible benefits to public health and every effort should be made to achieve a drinking water quality that complies with national safety standards.

The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) has been given the responsibility of regulation of the water sector by the sector. It was approved by Cabinet in 2003 when the Strategic Framework for Water Services was accepted as the policy framework for the South African Water Services sector. Regulation 5 under Section 9 of the Water Services Act (Act 108 of 1997) also requires that WSIs practice effective DWQ Management.

Key legislation relating to the provision of safe drinking water in South Africa includes the following:

Water Services Act (No.108 of 1997) – The Water Services Act gives substance to constitutional requirements with respect to access, national norms and standards and the institutional framework for the provision of water services;

Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water (2001, Regulation 5 of Section 9 of the Water Services Act, currently under review) – requires that WSIs implement drinking water quality monitoring programmes to monitor, compare results to national standards, and communicate any health risks;

Regulation 2834 (currently under review): - This regulation requires owners of treatment works to classify treatment works and to register both treatment works and Operators / Process Controllers with the DWA.

Strategic Framework for Water Services (2003) – The Strategic Framework contains guidelines for the provision of water services, including drinking water quality, and role of DWA as sector regulator;

Municipal Structures Act (No.117 of 1998) – This Act provides for functions and powers of municipalities and other local government structures, of which water services is one of many primary functions;

National Health Act (No.61 of 2003) – This Act promotes fulfilling the rights of people of South Africa to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being;

The National Water Act (No.36 of 1998) is the principal legal instrument relating to water resources management in South Africa and contains comprehensive provisions for the protection, use, development, conservation, management and control of South Africa’s water resources, and

The National Water Resource Strategy (2004) provides the framework within which water resources will be managed throughout the country. The National Water Resource Strategy also provides the framework within which all catchment management strategies will be prepared and implemented for water resources within a water management area.


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The Swartland Municipality therefore has the legal responsibility to:

Monitor the quality of drinking water provided to consumers.

Compare the results of sample testing to national drinking water standards (SANS:241)

Communicate any health risks to consumers and the appropriate authorities.

A situational assessment undertaken by DWA revealed the following as some of the challenges, with regard to DWQ management, that require further attention (Particularly at smaller municipalities).

Lack of adequate human resources (Inadequate process controlling skills);

Insufficient funding availed for DWQ management (including monitoring);

Inadequate infrastructure investment;

Lack of knowledge of drinking water quality requirements at decision making level, and

Inadequate access to credible laboratories (accredited or following acceptable quality management procedures).

The Blue Drop Certification Programme was therefore introduced by the DWA to provide incentive towards performance enhancement and also to include the consumer in the regulatory cycle, through the publication on Drinking Water Quality Management performance. The Blue Drop Certification Programme seeks to restore the trust of the general public in the quality of tap water through revealing performance in a responsible yet transparent manner. This would ensure that the public will be informed on both the actual quality of tap water, as well as the performance levels of the drinking water quality management at WSI level. The Certification programme is designed with the specific intent to encourage and facilitate a turnaround in non-compliant municipalities, to acknowledge those who are achieving and maintaining standards of best practice and excellence and to bring credible and current information to the South African public. The Blue Drop Certification Programme was initiated on 11 September 2008 with the objective of:

Introducing incentive-based regulation of the drinking water quality management;

Promote transparency and subsequent accountability;

Provide reliable and consistent information to the public;

Facilitate closer relationships between Water Services Authorities and Water Services Providers (where applicable) and

Introduce an element of excellence to conventional regulation.

It is a legislative requirement that WSIs have suitable monitoring programmes in place, and this would include compliance monitoring. The drinking water quality regulation programme identified a significant limitation in an approach which entirely depends upon compliance monitoring only, since ensuring the safeness of tap water requires proactive preventative management. The introduction of the certification programme ensures that the South African water services sector adopts the required preventative approach towards the management and regulation of drinking water. Compliance monitoring remains an integral part of DWQ management though, but with the key purpose of gauging the efficacy of the manner in which the quality of tap water is being managed.


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The DWA Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Committee will continuously assess WSA performance in its entire area of jurisdiction. Towns that are to be awarded Blue Drop status are required to comply with 95% the weighted criteria in the annual assessment. Evaluation will be per drinking water services system (from catchment to consumer) and will be aggregated for each town.

The blue drop performance of Swartland Municipality is summarised as follows in the DWA’s latest Blue Drop Report:

Table 1: Blue Drop Performance of the Municipality (DWA’s 2011 Blue Drop Report)Municipal Blue Drop Score 95.24%

Regulatory Impression: The West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are congratulated on a fine performance that sees another two new systems obtain Blue Drop certification. However it should be noted that these certifications are deserved mostly because of the excellent work done by the water service provider.

1. The inspectors found that the lack of embracing the risk management (Water safety planning) concept and the thorough implementation thereof within the Swartland Municipality to immediately pose a threat to retain this Blue Drop status (especially in Malmesbury). The Authority and Provider are hereby encouraged to commence joint efforts to ensure that the drinking water quality is effectively managed within the context of water safety planning. It is however noted that the Municipality made provision to commence water safety planning processes later this year. It would be most valuable if these processes could link in with the bulk risk management plans and cover the potential risk gaps in the reticulation network. Swartland Municipality is commended for taking this progressive step since this is the essential missing part in their valiant efforts to consistently supply safe drinking water to their constituencies.

2. The inspectors noted the following on the performance of the West Coast District Municipality: “The West Coast District Municipality was represented by a small but dynamic drinking water quality team despite the numerous uncertainties under which they are compelled to function they have performed well in terms of the Blue Water Services Certification Programme.”

Performance Area Malmesbury Moorreesburg / KoringbergWater Safety Planning 88 88Treatment Process Management 100 100DWQ Compliance 96 96Management, Accountability 91 91Asset Management 98 98Bonus Scores 2.04 2.04Penalties 0 0Blue Drop Score (2012) 95.24% 95.24%Blue Drop Score (2011) 92.88% 92.90%Blue Drop Score (2010) 71.94% 71.94%System Design Capacity (Ml/d) 29 73.3Operational Capacity (% i.t.o. Design) 62.07 62.62Population Served 23 762 4 950Average daily consumption (l/p/d) Not applicable Not applicableMicrobiological Compliance (%) 97.0% 99.9%Chemical Compliance (%) >99.9% >99.9%

Appointment

WorleyParsons RSA was appointed by Swartland Municipality to support them with their Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report, in line with the requirements of the DWA. The appointment included assisting the Municipality with the drafting of their Water Safety Plan (WSP), according to the guidelines published by the World Health Organization (Water Safety Plan Manual). Water quality standards are set worldwide according to the World Health Organization Guidelines.


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The specific objectives to be achieved within the overall purpose of the consulting service included the following:

To ensure that the Water Safety Plan and Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report fits in with the way Swartland Municipality is organized and operates, in order to ensure that the information is accepted within the Municipality.

The establishment of a qualified and dedicated WSP team, responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining of the Water Safety Plan as a core part of their day-to-day roles.

Detailed up-to-date descriptions of the water supply systems, including flow diagrams for each water supply system and water treatment plant.

List of all the hazards and hazardous events that could result in the water supply being, or becoming, contaminated, compromised or interrupted. An assessment of the risks expressed in an interpretable and comparable manner, such that more significant risks are clearly distinguished from less significant risks.

Identification of the existing controls that are in place and a validation of the effectiveness of these controls. Identification and prioritization of insufficiently controlled risks.

Development of an improvement plan to address all uncontrolled and prioritized risks. The plan will indicate who is responsible for the improvements, together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of the controls.

Assessment of the performance of the existing control measures, with a list of the short and long term monitoring requirements and corrective actions necessary when targets are not met (Verification monitoring included).

Clear management procedures documenting actions to be taken when the system is operating under normal conditions and when the system is operating in ‘incident’ situations (corrective actions).

Methodology followed

The World Health Organisation has outlined steps on how to conduct a WSP. Water quality standards are set worldwide according to the World Health Organization Guidelines. The table below gives a summary of the steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approach.

Table 2: Steps involved in conducting an assessment based on the WSP approachFirst Step Second Step Third Step

Water Supply System Assessment Risk Assessment Risk Management Team assembled to conduct WSP Intended use of water established Water supply description Water supply flow diagram

Hazard identification (biological, chemical, physical or radiological) from source to consumer.

Hazardous event identification. Risk of hazard causing harm to

population Prioritizing hazards

Control measures applied Operational monitoring Management procedures (corrective

actions and incident / emergency response) Supporting programmes Record keeping and documentation Validation and verification


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The process, approach and methodology followed by WorleyParsons RSA and Swartland Municipality for compiling the WSP were as follows:

Table 3: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Water Safety Plan

Process Approach and MethodologyWater Safety Planning

Assemble the WSP TeamLiaise with the Municipality to compile the Water Safety Plan Team and the External Stakeholders

Compile the team of individuals from Swartland Municipality and from a wider group of stakeholders (if necessary), with the collective responsibility for understanding the water supply system and identifying hazards that can affect water quality and safety throughout the water supply chain.

Arrange an introduction session with the Water Safety Plan Team if necessary

Discuss the process that will be followed and work through the various tasks with the Team. Agree on the approach to be implemented and the methodology that will be used for the putting

together of the Water Safety Plan, particularly in assessing the risks. Define and record the roles and responsibilities of the individuals on the Water Safety Plan team.

Responsibility of the Municipality

Identify the Water Safety Plan Team members before the meeting so that one meeting can be held with the Municipality for the “Project Inception” Phase and the “Assemble the Water Safety Plan Team” Phase (Introductions session with the Water Safety Plan Team).

Detailed descriptions of the Water Supply SystemsUpdated detail descriptions for each of the water supply systems.

A description will be given for each of the water supply systems, which include the following: Relevant water quality standards; Existing source(s) of water including the runoff and/or recharge processes, and if applicable,

alternative sources in case of incident; Known or suspected changes in source water quality relating to weather or other conditions and

any interconnectivity of sources and conditions; Land use in the catchment, abstraction points and information relating to the storage of water; Details of how the water is distributed including network, storage and tankers and description of

the materials in contact with water; Identification of the users and uses of the water; Availability of trained staff; How well existing procedures are documented; and Information relating to the treatment of the water, including the processes and chemicals or

materials that are added to the water.Detailed flow diagrams will be compiled for each of the water supply systems.


Provide water quality results (At source, WTWs and distribution system) that are available for the water supply systems.

To identify known or suspected changes in source water quality relating to weather or other conditions and any interconnectivity of sources and conditions.

Indicate the land use in the catchment. Identify the various users on the water supply system flow diagrams. Provide a summary of the number of operational personnel and their qualifications for each of

the water supply systems. Provide a summary of the existing procedures that are documented for each of the water supply

systems. Comment on the flow diagrams as prepared by WorleyParsons RSA (Processes, chemicals or

materials that are added and their quantity)


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Process Approach and MethodologyIdentify hazards and hazardous events and assess the risks

Review all potential biological, physical and chemical hazards.

Review the list of the potential biological, physical and chemical hazards for each of the steps in the validated process flow diagrams.

Review all hazards and hazardous events that could result in the water supply being, or becoming, contaminated, compromised or interrupted.

Review the identified hazards and hazardous events and update the list of these for each of the water supply systems.

Re-evaluate the risks identified at each point in the flow diagrams previously prepared.

Review systematically all the potential hazardous events and associated hazards, together with an estimation of the magnitude of risk in table format for each of the water supply systems (Matrix Approach)

Liaise with the Water Safety Plan team regarding the risk assessment

Work with the Water Safety Plan Team through the list of hazards and hazardous events in order to agree on the magnitude of the risks.

Responsibility of the Municipality Assist with the identification of the potential biological, physical and chemical hazards for each of the flow diagrams.

Assist with the identification of all the hazards and hazardous events for each of the water supply systems. Site visits by Operational Managers to identify risks.

Work with WorleyParsons RSA through the list of hazards and hazardous events in order to agree on the magnitude of the risks.

Determine and validate control measures, reassess and prioritize the risksReview the existing and potential control measures

Liaise with the Municipality in order to review the existing control measures for each of the identified hazards and hazardous events.

Validate the effectiveness of the controls Validate the effectiveness of the existing control measures.

Recalculate the risks, taking into account all existing control measures (Identify and prioritize insufficient controlled risks)

Recalculate the risks with the Water Safety Plan Team, taking into account all existing control measures.

Identify and prioritize insufficient controlled risks.

Responsibility of the Municipality Provide a list of the existing control measures that are in place for each of the identified hazards and hazardous events (Per Water Supply System and WTW).

Work with WorleyParsons RSA to recalculate the risks, taking into account all the existing control measures and to identify and prioritize insufficient controlled risks.

Improvement / Upgrade PlanThe short-, medium- or long- term mitigation or controls for each significant uncontrolled risk will be identified. The Water Safety Plan Team will identify who is responsible for the improvements, together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these controls.

Define monitoring of the control measuresAssessment of the performance of control measures at appropriate time intervals.

Assess the performance of the existing control measures at appropriate time intervals (Define and validate the monitoring of control measures). Document actions in the Management Procedures.

Compile a list of short and long term monitoring requirements and corrective actions (Operational monitoring)

Compile a list of short and long term monitoring requirements and corrective actions necessary when operational targets are not met (Operational monitoring).

Verify the effectiveness of the WSPHaving a formal process for verification and auditing of the Water Safety Plan ensures that it is working properly. Verification involves three activities which are undertaken together to provide evidence that the Water Safety Plan is working effectively. These are compliance monitoring, internal and external auditing of operational activities and consumer satisfaction. Verification should provide the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. If it does not the upgrade/improvement plan should be revised and implemented.WorleyParsons and the Water Safety Plan Team will review the list of verification monitoring activities, linked to the operational monitoring activities, as part of this task.

Supporting ProgrammesAll supporting programmes will be summarised and documented


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Prepare Management ProceduresThe existing management procedures for normal and incident / emergency conditions will be reviewed. Proof of a documented Drinking Water

Incident Management Protocol and Water Quality Incident Register.

Liaise with Swartland Municipality and the Water Safety Plan Team to review the management procedures, which include the following: Response actions; Operational monitoring; Responsibilities of Swartland Municipality and other stakeholders; Communication protocols and strategies, including notification procedures and

staff contact details; Responsibilities for co-ordinating measures to be taken in an emergency; A communication plan to alert and inform users of the supply and other

stakeholders (e.g. emergency services); A programme to review and revise documentation as required; Plans for providing and distributing emergency supplies of water.

Responsibility of the Municipality Existing procedures, with regard to the above, to be provided. WorleyParsons RSA and Water Safety Plan Team to work through recommended procedures.

All existing Management Protocol Procedures to be provided.

The overall process, approach and methodology followed by WorleyParsons RSA and Swartland Municipality for compiling the Blue Water Services Performance Audit were as follows:

Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water Services Performance AuditRequirements Requirements Requirements

WATER SAFETY PLANNINGWater Safety Planning Process Water Safety Plan

Implementation of WSP A WSP will be compiled as described under

Table 3. WSP will be signed by key catchment,

treatment and distribution stakeholders indicating their approval of the risks ratings as well as commitment to the allocation of resources and budget.

Risk Assessment and Review of Control Measures

Water Quality Risk Assessment A water quality risk assessment will be performed as part of the WSP.

Water Quality compliance Risk Assessment according to SANS 241:2011.

Risk Informed Monitoring Details of sampling sites; determinants and frequencies for Operational Monitoring.

Details of sampling sites; determinants and frequencies for Compliance Monitoring.

Adequate monitoring coverage of distribution network

Existing Operational and Compliance Monitoring Programme will be reviewed and gaps will be identified for both Operational and Compliance Monitoring.

Equipment used for sampling and calibration records will be summarised.

Sample results will be summarised for the last twelve months. Compliance percentages will be determined for the various parameters.

Credibility and Submission of drinking water quality data

Proof to be provided of the laboratory used.

Certificate of Accreditation for applicable methods, or Z-scores results following participation of a recognised Proficiency Testing Scheme, or proof of Intra- and Interlaboratory proficiency.

Credibility of DWQ Data on the BDS. Proof that samplers have been subjected

to relevant sampling training that will ensure credibility of sampling process, or Proof of control measures to ensure credibility.

Proof of monthly (12 months) submission of water quality compliance data.

Existing Accreditation status will be summarised.

Existing management procedures to amend / improve process controlling will be summarised.

Procedures will be developed to improve process controlling for those processes found to be with inadequate procedures.

Communication and results as submitted to the DWA will be summarised

Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water


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Services Performance AuditRequirements Requirements Requirements

WATER SAFETY PLANNINGIncident Management Incident Management Protocol which

specify triggers, alert levels, response times, required actions, roles and responsibilities and communication strategy.

Evidence of implementation

The current Incident Management Protocol will be reviewed and updated according to findings of the WSP.

Protocol will be reviewed to comply with “Compulsory National Standards of the quality of Potable Water”

Copies of the incident register will be summarised.


Classification Certificates of all WTWs and Process Controllers. Logbook of maintenance work carried out to be provided. Sample results to be provided. Equipment used for sampling and calibration records to be provided. Monitoring programmes to be registered on the BDS. Accreditation status or z-scores to be made available and to be uploaded on the BDS. All sample results loaded onto the BDS to be linked with a unique ID to a laboratory and

analyses method Control measures implemented by the Lab to ensure credibility to be made available. All operational and compliance monitoring data to be loaded onto the BDS as required. Incident register and actions taken to be provided.

DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

Compliance with Regulation – Works Classification

Copies (Certified) of Registration Certificates of WTWs.

Verification of Maintenance Team used for general maintenance work at the plant (both Mechanical and Electrical)

Proof of a “site-specific” Operation & Maintenance Manual

Proof of Process Controllers being subjected to relevant training the past 12 months.

Existing authorisations will be tabled against the current situation and what is required. Information will be reviewed and reported.

Existing Operation and Maintenance Manuals will be summarised.

All training provided to the water personnel will be summarised.

Compliance with Regulation – Process Controller Registration

Copies (Certified) of Registration Classification Certificates of Process Controllers.

Process Controllers complies with skills requirements of Regulation 2834 of Water Act.

The compliance and non-compliance with respect to the Process Controllers and Supervisors at each of the WTWs will be evaluated.

The priorities for supervision, process controllers and skilled staff will be highlighted.

Training provided to personnel will be summarised.

Availability of WTP Logbook Daily logbook should include: daily shifts recordings of water quality (raw, process and final); volume of produced water; water loss at WTW; chemical dosing rates, use and stock level; equipment failures and repairs and incidents.

The current log book will be reviewed to ensure that all the required information is captured.

Responsibility of the Municipality Classification Certificates of all WTWs, Process Controllers / Operators and Supervisors / Superintendents to be uploaded on the BDS and provided.

Existing personnel information (Qualifications, Shift patterns, etc.) to be provided. Daily Water Treatment Process Logbook to be provided.


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Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water Services Performance AuditRequirements Requirements Requirements

DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCECompliance per Determinand Water quality monitoring to be performed

according to SANS 241 (2011). Compliance must be classified as

“excellent” according to SANS 241 (2011).

Water quality monitoring results will be summarised and included in the Blue Drop Report.

Risk assessment Defined Health Index and Operational Efficiency

Index

Calculated and categorise the compliance per determinand and risk assessment defined Health defined index

Calculation to be performed based on SANS 241 (2011).


Municipality to submit water quality monitoring results on the Blue Drop System (BDS). Municipality to submit to DWA and provide hard copies of water quality monitoring result

available to WorleyParsons RSA.

MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION

Management commitment Demonstration of management commitment by approval and signing of key documents (WSP, Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programme; Water Treatment Plant Logbook; Operations and Maintenance Budget; Water Services Development Plan).

Commitment will be demonstrated by the approval and signing of the required documents.

Commitment will also be demonstrated by proving the allocation of human and financial resources to drinking water quality management.

Evidence of budget and expenditure will be included in report.

Publication of Performance Annual publication of drinking water quality performance;

Drinking water quality results must be compared to SANS 241 (2011) standards;

Drinking water quality performance must be published in at least two media forms.

Proof of annual publication will be included in report;

Pro-forma template for the publication of results will be compiled.

Service Level Agreements / Performance agreements

Written contract between Water Service Authority (provider of water from source) and Water Service Provider (provider of treated water to public).

Existing Service Level Agreement activities with the West Coast District Municipality will be summarised.

The Agreement will be reviewed to ensure that it contains at least: agreed volume of water to be provided; water quality monitoring and compliance arrangements; operation and maintenance specifications; duration of contract.


Mun. to supply the financial budget and expenditures per financial year. Mun to provide a list of the allocated human resources. Mun to provide proof of annual publication and any other publication of water quality

compliance performance.


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Table 4: The process, approach and methodology followed for supporting Swartland Municipality with their Blue Water Services Performance Audit

Requirements Requirements RequirementsASSET MANAGEMENT

Annual Process Audit Proof of annual process audit for each WTW.

Proof of implementation of Process Audit Report findings.

Process Audits of the West Coast District Municipality will be summarised.

The West Coast District Municipality’s implementation plan indicating how the findings will be implemented or how it was implemented will be summarised.

Asset Register Complete inventory of water treatment equipment and infrastructure.

Water Assets as included in the Asset Register will be summarised.

The Asset register will be reviewed to ensure that it contains asset descriptions, location, condition, installation date, remaining life, current replacement value.

Availability and competence of

Maintenance team

Verification of availability of maintenance team and proof of competence and adequate on-going maintenance is undertaken.

Organogram of the maintenance team (electrical and mechanical) will be summarised.

Copies of the contract between the municipality and the service providers, where work is outsourced, will be summarised.

Proof of competency of the team (Capability Statements) will be summarised.

Proof will be included in the report that maintenance takes place on-going basis. Records of planned maintenance schedules and planned and reactive maintenance undertaken for selected infrastructure will be summarised.

Operations and Maintenance manual

Site specific operations and maintenance manual for each WTW.

Existing O&M Manuals will be summarised. Municipality to upload copy of front page and index on

BDS.

Maintenance and Operations Budget

and expenditure

Evidence of Maintenance Budget for the financial year prior to the Blue Drop Assessment;

Evidence of Maintenance and operating expenditure for the financial year prior to the financial year.

The existing operational and maintenance budgets will be summarised and operational and maintenance cost will be calculated per Ml water distributed.

Design Capacity and Operational Capacity

Confirmation of Design capacity; Proof of daily operating capacity for last 12

months; Evidence of calibration certificates or

positive displacement tests; Aquifer utilisation plan (in the case of a

ground water source).

The existing design capacities and flows for the West Coast DM’s WTWs will be summarised and presented on a graph.

Calibration certificates will be obtained from the West Coast District Municipality;


Municipality to supply Budget and maintenance and operating expenditures for the financial year prior to the Blue Drop Assessment.

Municipality to provide a complete asset register and to update any short comings identified during the review.

Evidence of process controller duty and log sheets informed by the O&M Manual with evidence of interventions to be presented during the Blue Drop Site inspection.

Municipality to provide any design information available and records of daily flows. Municipality to provide calibration certificates for bulk meters.


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1. WATER SAFETY PLANNING

1.1 WATER SAFETY PLANNING PROCESS

WSPs are a form of water quality assurance through a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. The multiple barrier principle implies that actions are required at all stages in the process of producing and distributing water in order to protect water quality. This includes source protection, treatment through several different stages and prevention of contamination during distribution to each individual household. The role of indicators is seen as primarily being a means of verification of the WSP in meeting water quality objectives rather than as a routine tool for monitoring water quality.

A WSP provides for the following:

An organized and structured system to minimize the chance of failure through oversight or management lapse.

Ensure that a sustainable water supply system is implemented and managed thus minimizing the health risks to the consumer.

Organize and systemise management practices applied to drinking water and ensure applicability of these practices to the management of drinking water quality.

Consistency with which safe water is supplied and provides contingency plans to respond to system failures or unforeseeable hazardous events.

The WSP of Swartland Municipality includes the following three key components:


Identification of control measures in the drinking water systems that will collectively control identified risks and ensure that health based targets are met. Appropriate means of operational monitoring was defined for each control measure identified, that will ensure that any deviation from the required performance is rapidly detected in a timely manner.


The schematic layout below gives an overview of step-by-step approach to be followed when compiling a WSP


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PREPARATION

SYSTEM ASSESSMENTDescribe the water supply system

Identify the hazards and assess the risksDetermine and validate control measures,

reassess and prioritize the risks UPGRADEDevelop, implement, and maintain and

improvement / upgrade plan

OPERATIONAL MONITORINGDefine monitoring and control measures

Verify the effectiveness of the WSP

MANAGEMENT & COMMUNICATIONPrepare management proceduresDevelop supporting programmes

Incident (Emergency)

Preliminary actions, including assembling the WSP team

Investment required for

major system modification

Plan and carry out periodic review of

the WSP

FEEDBACK

Revise the WSP following incident

The WSP will guide both day to day actions and long term planning. It will identify crucial aspects that collectively ensure the provision of safe water and aid system managers and operators in gaining a better understanding of the water supply system and the risks that need to be managed. Some of these aspects include the following:

Regular monitoring and inspections that signal deteriorating water quality (and prompt action).

Regular on-going maintenance to reduce the chance of failure by contamination.

Guidance for improvement and expenditure.

Additional training and capacity building initiatives.

A list where to get help, who needs to know details of water quality and how quickly they need to know.

DWA’s minimum requirements for the Water Safety Planning Process are as follows:

Detail flow diagrams and system descriptions;

Rigorous method to identify hazards and hazardous events, and assess and prioritise risks;

Development of an improvement plan for each HIGH priority risk;

Operational monitoring of control measures;

Compliance monitoring and auditing of operational activities to verify the effectiveness of the Water Safety Plan;

Management procedures for normal and incident / emergency conditions;

Identification of the support programmes that are required to develop people’s skills and knowledge, commitment to the Water Safety Plan approach and capacity to manage systems to deliver safe water;

A planned review schedule for the Water Safety Planning Process to ensure that it is up to date and continues to be appropriate to the needs of the drinking water system and stakeholders. The Water Safety Planning Process follows a never ending circular form and therefore continually leads to refinement and redevelopment of itself. The WSP cannot therefore be a once-off exercise and the plan must be reviewed and updated at least annually; and

Report signed by key catchment, treatment and distribution stakeholders indicating approval of the risk ratings as well as commitment to the allocation of resources and budget.


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Table 1.1.1: DWA’s Water Safety Planning KPIs and percentages for the various years

Key Performance IndicatorKPI Percentages

Year 4 Year 5 Year 6Water Safety Planning Process 10 10 5Risk Assessment and Review of Control Measures 30 30 35Risk-Based Monitoring Programmes 25 25 25Credibility and Submission of Drinking Water Quality Data 20 15 15Incident Management 15 20 20


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WorleyParsons RSA and the Municipality agreed that a more comprehensive WSP be developed to include the following:

A WSP team with adequate experience and expertise to understand the water abstraction, treatment and distribution process as well as the hazards that can impact safety through the supply system. Top management support for the development of the WSP is essential to its success. The roles and responsibilities of each team member and stakeholder should be clearly defined.

A detailed description of the water supply system including a description of the catchment, treatment process & distribution system, relevant water quality standards, as well as the identification of the users and uses of the water. Flow diagrams must be prepared to provide an overview of the:

Catchment including potential pollution sources.

Treatment processes.

Storage and distribution infrastructure

Hazard identification and risk assessment of catchment, treatment process & distribution system. This includes identification of all potential biological, chemical and physical hazards, the hazardous events that could result in the water supply being compromised and evaluation of their contribution to water quality risks.

An assessment of existing control measures and barriers for any of the risks identified, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of existing control measures. The risks are then required to be recalculated (in terms of likelihood and consequence) accounting for all existing control measures.

If any control measures for significant risks are deemed not effective or absent, an improvement or upgrade plan is required to be developed, implemented and maintained. Improvement plans should be developed to address the prioritized risks and should clearly outline roles & responsibilities and a timeframe for the implementation of mitigation measures.

Operational monitoring to indicate that the controls and barriers are working effectively and records of corrective actions when operational monitoring indicates that controls are not functioning optimally.

Compliance monitoring to verify the effectiveness of the WSP and confirm that the water is safe to drink.

Management procedures documenting actions under normal conditions as well as incident conditions. Procedures required include standard operating procedures, incident management protocol and communication protocols and strategies.

Supporting programmes to develop people’s skills, knowledge and capacity to manage drinking water systems to supply safe water.

Sign off of the WSP by relevant key stakeholders.

Periodic review of the Plan, but specifically following an incident.

1.1.1 WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM

The first step in establishing and sustaining a WSP is to allocate accountability and responsibility for the WSP. Here it is necessary to understand the responsibilities of all persons involved in water quality management. A qualified, dedicated team was established by Swartland Municipality to compile their WSP. A collaborative multi-stakeholder approach was also followed in order to ensure that all the agencies with responsibility for specific areas within the water cycle are involved in the management of water quality.


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The team was compiled by Swartland Municipality during the first meeting that was held on the 15 th of October 2012 at the Engineering Department in Malmesbury. The WSP process / approach to be followed and the various tasks were worked through with the WSP Team during the meeting. The roles and responsibilities of the individuals on the team were also defined and recorded. It is essential that senior management are aware of the provisions of the act, the water quality requirement set in SANS:241 Drinking water quality standard as well as their own accountabilities with regard to water services provision.

The table below gives an overview of the various WSP Team members.

Table 1.1.1.1: Overview of the various WSP Team members

Provincial Government D Hene, Z MapatwanaLocal Government L Zikman, E Steenkamp, J Balie, N Faasen, B van der Merwe, G TitusExternal Role-Players D Daniëls

Ms Esmari Steenkamp of Swartland Municipality is the WSP Team Leader and guided and directed the team through the preparation process of the WSP and the assessment of the systems. The operational personnel of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and the bulk distribution systems and the Swartland Municipality’s internal distribution systems were also included in the WSP Team from the start of the process, because of their detailed knowledge about the existing water quality problems in the supply systems and the WTWs. They are also the best familiarised with their systems and know exactly what the existing operational monitoring controls are and the potential water quality hazards and hazardous events and the risks associated with these hazards. They will also contribute to the success of the plan through facilitating its ownership and implementation.

The complete WSP Team and their contact details is included in Annexure AA. The team have the authority to enable implementation of the recommendations stemming from the WSP and will be responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining the WSP as a core part of their day-to-day roles.

1.1.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Effective DWQ management requires a clear understanding of the entire drinking water supply system, the hazards and events that can compromise drinking water quality, and the corrective and preventative measures and operational controls necessary for assuring a safe and reliable drinking water supply.

Swartland Municipality receives bulk potable water from the West Coast District Municipality. The District Municipality operates the Withoogte and Swartland bulk schemes, which is served by the Berg River as main raw water supply. The bulk supply of Withoogte is augmented by abstraction of groundwater from the Langebaan Road Groundwater Aquifer System. Both these bulk distribution schemes are cross-border schemes and supply water to Swartland Municipality, Bergrivier Municipality and Saldanha Bay Municipality. The towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area supplied with bulk potable water by the West Coast District Municipality are Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Riverlands, Chatsworth and Kalbaskraal), Moorreesburg, Yzerfontein, Darling, Riebeek Kasteel, Riebeek Wes, Koringberg and PPC.

Swartland Municipality supplements the water received from West Coast District Municipality in the Malmesbury distribution system with water from the Perdeberg Dam, which is treated by an automatic backwash rapid gravity sand filter, before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. A further three boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for Riverlands and Kalbaskraal. The groundwater is disinfected, before it is blended with the other potable water and distributed to the consumers in Riverlands and Kalbaskraal respectively. The existing internal distributions system for which Swartland Municipality is responsible are as follows:


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Swartland Bulk Distribution System (Raw water from the Voëlvlei dam is pumped to the Swartland WTWs from where treated water flows to the Gouda pump station and the Kasteelberg pump station respectively from where it is pumped to the Kasteelberg reservoirs). The following towns receive potable water from the Swartland Bulk System.

Riebeek Wes: Potable water is distributed from the Kasteelberg Reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM) to the Riebeek Wes Reservoirs (Four reservoirs with capacity of 1.75Ml each). Potable water is distributed from the four reservoirs to the Riebeek Wes consumers.

Riebeek Kasteel: Potable water is distributed from the Kasteelberg Reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM) via Riebeek Wes to two storage reservoirs in Riebeek Kasteel, with a combined capacity of 1.5Ml. Potable water is distributed from the two reservoirs to the Riebeek Kasteel consumers.

Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth): Potable water is supplied via the Rustfontein Pump Station to the Glen Lilly reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme. The potable water is supplemented downstream with water from the Perdeberg Dam, which is treated by an automatic backwash rapid gravity sand filter and disinfected, before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. Additional groundwater is also supplied from three boreholes in Riverlands, which is pumped into the reservoir (after disinfection) and blended with the other potable water, before it is distributed to the Riverlands and Chatsworth consumers.

Darling: Potable water is distributed from the Glen Lilly reservoirs on the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM) to the Darling Reservoirs (two reservoirs with a combined capacity of 2.5Ml). Potable water is distributed from the two reservoirs to the Darling consumers.

Yzerfontein: Potable water is supplied from the Swartland Scheme (West Coast DM) via the Darling Pump Station to the Yzerfontein reservoirs (2 reservoirs with combined capacity of 5Ml). Potable water is distributed from the two reservoirs to the Yzerfontein consumers.

Withoogte Bulk Distribution System (Raw water from the Misverstand dam on the Berg River is pumped via the Misverstand pump station to the Withoogte WTWs from where treated water is distributed to the following two towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area.

Moorreesburg: Potable water is pumped from the Withoogte WTWs (West Coast DM) to the three reservoirs in Moorreesburg with a total capacity of 9Ml. Potable water is distributed from the three reservoirs to the Moorreesburg consumers.

Koringberg: Potable water is pumped from the Withoogte WTWs (West Coast DM) to the Koringberg reservoir of 0.2Ml capacity, from where it is distributed to the consumers.

The existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes for which the West Coast DM and Swartland Municipality is responsible is summarised in the table below:

Table 1.1.2.1: Existing water supply systems, water sources and water treatment processes

Water Supply System SourcesWater Treatment Works / Disinfection Plant

WTWs Treatment Process Additional Disinfection

Withoogte Bulk System (West Coast DM)

Berg River (Misverstand Dam)

Withoogte

Chemical Dosing (Lime, Ferric Sulphate, Poly-Electrolyte), Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration (Rapid gravity sand filters) and Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)

Besaansklip - Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)

Swartland Bulk System (West Coast DM)

Berg River(Voëlvlei Dam)

Swartland

Chemical Dosing (Lime, Ferric Sulphate, Poly-Electrolyte), Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration (Rapid gravity sand filters) and Disinfection (Chlorine Gas)

-

Malmesbury Internal System (Additional own sources)

Perdeberg Dam - Rapid Gravity Sand Filter and Disinfection (Chlorine Gas) Kalbaskraal

Three Riverlands Boreholes - Riverlands Disinfection (Chlorine Gas) -


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The following factors were considered during the documentation and description of each of the distribution systems and were completed with the WSP Team.

Table 1.1.2.2: Factors considered during the documentation and description of the distribution systemsSource Water and Catchment Distribution System

Protection measures applied. Developments in the catchments that affect quality. Known water quality problems.

Known design faults Areas of distribution and service levels Known operational problems

Table 1.1.2.3: Summary of distribution systemsSystem Sources Treatment Areas (Towns) WSP Team Member

Withoogte Bulk System(West Coast DM)

Berg River(Misverstand Dam)

Withoogte WTWMoorreesburg and

Koringberg

Ben van der Merwe and Garnet Titus

Besaansklip Disinfection

Swartland Bulk System(West Coast DM)

Berg River(Voëlvlei Dam)

Swartland WTWs (West Coast DM)

Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands,

Chatsworth, Darling, Yzerfontein, Riebeek Kasteel,

Riebeek Wes, PPC

Malmesbury Internal System

Perdeberg Dam Filtration and Disinfection Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth Louis Zikman and

Esmari SteenkampThree Riverlands Boreholes Disinfection Riverlands, Chatsworth

Withoogte raw water storage reservoir Raw Water Canal from Voëlvlei Dam to Berg River

Paardenberg Filtration and Disinfection with supply from Perdeberg Dam

One of Riverlands Boreholes


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The relative importance and ranking of the 36 quaternary catchments in the Berg River Catchment are summarised in the table below (Prioritising quaternary catchments for invasive alien plant control within the fynbos and karoo biomes of the Western Cape Province, CSIR Report No. CSIR/NRE/ECO/EF/2009/0094/B):

Table 1.1.2.4: Summary of relative importance and ranking of the quaternary catchments in the Berg River Catchment

Quaternary Catchment

Relative importance

Existing West Coast Bulk Systems and Malmesbury internal system receiving flow

from the CatchmentCriteria – Weighting assigned (%)

G10B 0.091 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems State land 30.7%G10G 0.081 Other land 10.2%G22A 0.066 Water stressed catchments 13.9%G22F 0.062 Highest water yielding catchments 4.9%G10A 0.055 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems Maintain functioning of rivers 1.5%G22B 0.054 Restore functioning or rivers 1.4%G22J 0.039 Proportion of the catchment availableG10E 0.036 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems for invasion 12.5%G22K 0.034 Potential invasion by priority species 5.0%G10C 0.029 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems Current invasion by priority species 2.1%G10D 0.027 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems Alignment with conservation corridors 3.6%G21A 0.027 Conservation status of rivers 3.0%

G21B 0.027 Conservation status of vegetation types 2.3%

G22H 0.025 Legal status of protected areas 0.8%G10F 0.023 Swartland & Withoogte Bulk Systems Proportion of area protected 0.6%G10M 0.021 Risk of fire induced erosion 4.5%G10K 0.019 Proportion of area protected 3.0%G30B 0.019G30C 0.019G21D 0.017 Riverlands BoreholesG22D 0.017G22G 0.017G30D 0.017G30F 0.017G10J 0.016 Withoogte Bulk SystemG10H 0.015 Withoogte Bulk SystemG30E 0.015G30G 0.015G30H 0.014G10L 0.013G21F 0.013G22C 0.013G22E 0.013G30A 0.013G21E 0.010G21C 0.009 Perdeberg Dam

The final consolidated model used for weighting criteria and sub-criteria for the fynbos, succulent and Nama karoo biomes occurring in the quaternary catchments of the Western Cape, as included in the above table, was as follows:

Improve the integrity of the water resource (L:.223)

Maintain the integrity of the river system (L:.073)

Rivers (L:.750)

Azonal ecosystems & wetlands (L:.250)


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Highest yielding catchment (L:.205)

Water stressed catchments (demand) (L:.722)

Value the catchment for biodiversity (L:.104)

Conservation status of rivers (L:.750)

Conservation status of vegetation type (L:.250)

Potential veld utilisation (L:.037)

Flower harvesting (fynbos) (L:.333)

Other harvestable products (Karoo) (L:.333)

Grazing (Karoo, renosterveld & grassland) (L:.333)

Capacity to maintain the gains (L:.424)

State: protected areas (L:.750)

Other (L:.250)

Potential to spread (L:.173)

Current invasion by priority species (L:.105)

Proportion of the catchment available for invasion (L:.637)

Potential invasion by priority species (L:.258)

Poverty relief (L:.038)

The Expert Choice software (Anon 2002) requires the weights of alternatives (quaternary catchments in this case) to be expressed as proportions that sum to one. For each of the criteria and sub-criteria used by the AHP model listed above the sum of the value for the corresponding variable for each quaternary catchment was calculated. Each quaternary catchment’s value was then divided by the corresponding total to give the final weight.

Raw water abstraction data is kept up to date for all the schemes operated by Swartland Municipality and is a valuable source of information in terms of the water balances for the various systems. The graph below gives an overview of the historical water supply over the last ten (10) years for the various distribution systems in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area.

0200400600800

1000120014001600180020002200240026002800300032003400

2001/2002 2002/2003 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012

WATER DEMANDS FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS (Ml/a)

Koringberg PPC Riebeek Wes Riebeek Kasteel Yzerfontein Darling Moorreesburg Malmesburg


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The historical bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area, for the last six years, were as follows:

Table 1.1.2.5: Bulk water supply to the various towns in Swartland Municipality’s Management AreaDistribution

System Source 11/12Record : Prior (Ml/a)

10/11 09/10 08/09 07/08 06/07Koringberg Withoogte Bulk Scheme 48.167 59.952 85.766 62.809 57.829 58.136PPC Swartland Bulk Scheme 63.600 64.439 62.512 57.676 54.875 43.555Riebeek Wes Swartland Bulk Scheme 188.371 214.216 186.384 166.745 157.435 167.235Riebeek Kasteel Swartland Bulk Scheme 253.825 263.467 222.052 257.634 241.840 226.158Yzerfontein Swartland Bulk Scheme 316.552 320.386 303.482 301.621 275.702 251.914Darling Swartland Bulk Scheme 722.191 699.043 621.480 533.710 421.210 442.554Moorreesburg Withoogte Bulk Scheme 827.492 762.024 797.450 803.680 822.940 840.580

Malmesbury Swartland Bulk Scheme, Paardenberg dam, Boreholes 3 113.432 3146.105 2 892.103 3 107.700 2 996.580 2 756.470

Total 5 533.630 5 529.632 5 171.229 5 291.575 5 028.411 4 786.602

Note: Malmesbury in the above table include Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth

The capacity of the existing water sources in relation to the projected future demands is as follows:

Table 1.1.2.6: Allocations and expected future annual water demand for Withoogte, Swartland and Langebaan RoadName Resource Name Permit Reg. Certificate Current Allocation (kl/a)

Langebaan Road boreholes Saldanha Underground No. 22062688 1 500 000Withoogte Misverstand Berg River No. 22062820 17 440 000Swartland Voëlvlei Berg River (Voëlvlei Dam) No. 22062777 4 200 000Minus 10% of Langebaan Road (as recommended by Monitoring Committee) -150 000Total Allocation 22 990 000

Expected Future Annual Water Demand (kl/a)Resource Shortage (kl/a)

Year Withoogte Swartland Total Demand2010 17 266 000 5 692 000 22 958 000 -32 0002015 21 773 000 7 233 000 29 006 000 6 016 0002020 26 167 000 8 619 000 34 786 000 11 796 0002025 30 903 000 10 072 000 40 975 000 17 985 0002030 36 061 000 11 730 000 47 791 000 24 801 0002035 41 741 000 13 365 000 55 106 000 32 116 0002040 48 067 000 15 122 000 63 189 000 40 199 000

Source: West Coast District Municipality, Water Master Plan, March 2010, GLS

In order to ensure sustainable economic development in the West Coast region the West Coast District Municipality started with a comprehensive study in 2007 to identify a sustainable long term alternative water source for the region. Various alternative sources and combinations thereof were evaluated and eventually a 25.5 Ml/day sea water desalination plant in the Saldanha Bay area was identified as the most cost beneficial alternative and partial funding for the project was obtained from the Regional Bulk infrastructure Grant (RBIG) programme from the Department of Water Affairs.

The West Coast District Municipality is therefore proposing to construct and operate a sea water desalination plant in the Saldanha Bay area using sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology. The intake capacity of the plant will be approximately 60 Ml/d (21.9 million Ml/a) producing 25.5Ml/d (9.3 million Ml/a) at final capacity. Approximately 36 Ml/d (13 million Ml/a) brine will be discharged into the sea. It will have a lifespan of 25 years with the potential of an extended lifespan.


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The plant will be constructed in three phases of 8,5 Ml/d to reach the full capacity by 2026. All infrastructure however will be constructed for the full capacity in the first construction phase. The proposed project consists of the following components:

Sea water abstraction infrastructure consisting of an intake structure and pipe connected to either an intake sump and pump station at the coast with a pump line to the SWRO plant or connected directly to the sump and pump station situated at the plant.

The SWRO desalination plant located on land at the sites selected for the study. The size of the site needed is approximately 4-5 Ha and the plant will consist of pre-treatment, RO treatment, electrical and mechanical equipment in a building, reservoir, and other site related infrastructure.

Treated water reservoir and pump station at the SWRO plant pumping the potable water to the existing Besaansklip reservoirs of the West Coast District Municipality.

Brine disposal infrastructure from the plant to the sea.

Access roads to the plant.

Site works at the plant.

Electrical substation and connections

From the ten possible sites that was initially identified, the environmental screening and technical evaluation reduced the sites to two proposed sites to be evaluated i.e. the site at ArcelorMittal in the IDZ of Saldanha Bay and a site in Danger Bay as indicated on the attached locality plan.

Alternative pipeline routes for these sites are as follows:

Site 1- ArcelorMittal site

Inlet infrastructure in Saldanha Bay harbour with disposal infrastructure also in the harbour

Inlet infrastructure in Saldanha Bay harbour with disposal infrastructure in Danger Bay

Water supply pipeline along the route to the Besaansklip reservoir following roads and cadastral boundaries.

Site 2 – Danger Bay area

Inlet infrastructure in Danger Bay with disposal infrastructure also in Danger Bay

Inlet infrastructure in Danger Bay with disposal infrastructure also in the adjacent bay area

Water supply pipeline along the route to the Besaansklip reservoir following an existing servitude corridor and from there following existing water pipeline servitudes along roads and cadastral boundaries.

The site identification, screening of sites and concept designs have been completed and two preferred sites were proposed, which were included in the environmental process.

The levels of salinity in the Berg River have increased dramatically to the point where the level of assurance of 98% cannot be reached without major engineering effort. Urgent measuring devices must be put in place to monitor the Berg River, to find the reason for the high salinity readings and to mitigate these circumstances. Additional factors will have to be addressed through further investigations to determine the sources of contamination and to include these in the management options at Misverstand.


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Although the modelling results from the ‘Analysis of Management Options at Misverstand Weir to mitigate the potential impact on salinity of the Berg Water Project and Voëlvlei Augmentation Scheme (DWA, 2006) Study indicated that the incremental impact of the Berg Water Project and the Voëlvlei Augmentation Scheme could be mitigated through the provision of an additional 250 000 m³ of off-channel storage capacity, this re-analysis shows that the desired 98% level of assurance would not be achievable. To obtain a 98% level of assurance an additional 0.7 million m³ of storage would be required over and above the readily available 0.5 million m³ at Withoogte.

The table below gives a summary of the existing main water sources for each of the distribution systems, alternative sources currently in use or which can be used in case of an incident and comments on interconnectivity of sources and conditions.

Table 1.1.2.7:Summary of existing water sources, alternative sources and comments on the interconnectivity and conditions of the source

System Main Source Alternative Sources currently in use or which can be used Interconnectivity of sources and conditions

Withoogte Bulk System

Berg River (Misverstand Dam)

Langebaan Road Groundwater System

Turbidity of the Berg River increase after heavy rains and the Salinity levels in the Berg River have also increased dramatically over the last number of years.

Swartland Bulk System

Berg River (Voëlvlei Dam)

Perdeberg DamRiverlands Boreholes (x3)

Turbidity of the Berg River increase after heavy rains and the Salinity levels in the Berg River have also increased dramatically over the last number of years.

The population served by each of the distribution systems are included in the table below:

Table 1.1.2.8: Population served by each of the distribution systems (Exclude farms in the rural areas)

SystemCensus 2001 2001-2011 Census 2011 11/12 Consumer

Units (Residential, Business, Other)Pop. Number

of HHsPersons /

HHGrowth

%/a Pop. Number of HHs

Persons / HH

Withoogte Bulk SystemMoorreesburg 8 575 2 187 3.92 4.15% 12 877 3 698 3.48 3 354Koringberg 357 104 3.43 13.02% 1 214 317 3.83 325

Swartland Bulk SystemMalmesbury 22 946 5 709 4.02 4.58% 35 897 9 473 3.79 7 814Riebeek Wes 2 660 559 4.76 5.64% 4 605 1 143 4.03 778Riebeek Kasteel 2 518 605 4.16 6.58% 4 761 1 345 3.54 1 145Yzerfontein 516 237 2.18 8.25% 1 140 490 2.33 1 277Darling 7 541 1 917 3.93 3.29% 10 420 2 800 3.72 2 606

Swartland Bulk System, Perdeberg Dam and Three Riverlands BoreholesAbbotsdale 2 752 658 4.18 3.18% 3 762 924 4.07 653Kalbaskraal 1 302 302 4.31 6.36% 2 411 659 3.66 424Riverlands 1 031 263 3.92 5.29% 1 726 427 4.04 321Chatsworth 960 210 4.57 9.25% 2 326 679 3.43 710Total 51 158 12 751 4.01 4.72% 81 139 21 955 3.70 19 407


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The table below gives an overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end users and particularly vulnerable sub-groups that may be at particular risk.

Table 1.1.2.9: Overview of the water use within the various systems, the susceptibility of the end users and particularly vulnerable sub-groups

System

% Of total water sales (Note*) and Number of CUs Vulnerable Sub Groups

Residential Commercial & Industrial Other Usage

Number of informal dwellings in Backyards

Number of informal

dwellings not in Backyards

% CUs % CUs % CUs Number NumberMoorreesburg 65.9 3 085 28.0 229 6.1 40 29 123Koringberg 91.1 308 8.3 14 0.6 3 4 0Malmesbury 61.9 7 293 30.8 454 7.3 67 1 421 36PPC 80.9 79 6.6 3 12.5 14 0 0Riebeek Wes 72.6 704 26.8 66 0.6 8 30 0Riebeek Kasteel 76.6 1 089 22.4 45 1.0 11 104 1Yzerfontein 87.1 1 236 6.1 22 6.8 19 2 0Darling 64.1 2 454 34.8 122 1.1 30 28 1Abbotsdale

Incl. with Malmes-

bury

640Incl. with Malmes-

bury

10Incl. with Malmes-

bury

3 40 16Kalbaskraal 409 10 5 80 9Riverlands 312 3 6 20 45Chatsworth 682 6 22 17 102Total 65.8 18 291 28.5 984 5.7 228 1 775 333

Consumer education available for water use (how this is communicated) and how consumers are notified of potential contamination.

West Coast Bulk Monitoring Committee, Newsletters, West Coast Bulletin (With monthly bills) and Customer Relations Desks (Pamphlets etc. available).

Notification Method of potential contamination: Public address (Radio and Press).Note: (*) % Distribution of Water Sales data and number of CUs for the 2011/2012 financial year

The position of the service reservoirs, their capacity and each reservoir’s TWL are indicated on the aerial photos in Annexure AC. The reservoirs are well maintained and most of the reservoirs are fenced and locked.

The tables below give an overview of the existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland Municipality is responsible:

Table 1.1.2.10: Existing reservoirs and water pump stations for which Swartland Municipality is responsible.Name Type Material Capacity TWL

MoorreesburgMoorreesburg Reservoir No.1 Ground Concrete 4.580 226.2

Moorreesburg Reservoir No.2 Ground Concrete 1.030 227.2

Moorreesburg Reservoir No.3 Ground Concrete 2.550 226.2Koringberg

Koringberg Reservoir No.1 Ground Concrete 0.270 81.7Malmesbury

Wesbank No.1 Ground Concrete 0.990 202.1Wesbank No.2 Ground Concrete 3.320 204.0Wesbank No.3 Ground Concrete 5.130 204.0Wesbank Tower Elevated Tower Concrete 0.220 219.0Prison Reservoir Ground Concrete 2.120 215.0Klipkop Reservoir Ground Concrete 2.810Old Golf Course Reservoir Ground Concrete 5.370 212.0Panorama Reservoir Ground Concrete 5.300 230.0Mount Royal Reservoir Ground Concrete 2.500 248.0Kleindam Reservoir Ground Concrete 1.450 170.0


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Kleindam Reservoir Ground Concrete 1.420 170.0Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth

New Abbotsdale Reservoir Ground Concrete To be confirmed To be confirmedAbbotsdale Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.260 152.8Kalbaskraal Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.290 81.2Kalbaskraal Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.290 81.2Riverlands / Chatsworth Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.540 188.0

PPCPPC LL Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.093 282.0PPC HL Reservoir Ground Steel 2.300 329.0

Riebeek WesRiebeek Wes New Reservoir Ground Concrete 1.500 250.8Riebeek Wes Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.900 293.9Riebeek Wes Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.290 293.9

Riebeek KasteelRiebeek Kasteel Reservoir A Ground Concrete 1.200 191.6Riebeek Kasteel Reservoir B Ground Concrete 0.660 201.7

YzerfonteinYzerfontein New Reservoir Ground Concrete 2.550 81.7Yzerfontein Old Reservoir Ground Concrete 1.820 81.7

DarlingDarling No.1 Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.570 177.7Darling No.2 Reservoir Ground Concrete 2.100 176.9Darling No.3 Reservoir Ground Concrete 0.750 To be confirmed

Existing Pumps on the various distribution systems

Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth Systems

Wesbank Tower supply PS

Panorama Booster PS

Tafelsig Booster PS

Mount Royal Booster PS

Abbotsdale PS

Riverlands / Chatsworth PS at Kalbaskraal

Kalbaskraal Booster PS

Chatsworth reservoir supply PS at Riverlands SumpMoorreesburg Moorreesburg PSRiebeek Wes Riebeek Wes HL reservoir PSRiebeek Kasteel Booster PSOngegund Ongegund HL reservoir PS (At LL reservoir)

Abbotsdale Reservoir (0.260 Ml) Chatsworth Reservoir (0.540 Ml)


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Two Kalbaskraal Reservoirs (0.290 Ml each) Malmesbury Kleindam Reservoir (1.450 Ml)

Secured Chatsworth Reservoir Cover Secured Abbotsdale Reservoir Cover

The completed “Factors for consideration during the documentation and description of the system” templates are included in Annexure AD. These templates enabled the WSP Team to get a complete understanding of the existing systems, including the range and magnitude of the hazards that may be present and the ability of the existing processes and infrastructure to manage the actual or potential risks.

Detailed flow diagrams of the distribution systems and the water treatment processes are included in Annexure AB. The diagrams provide an overview description of the drinking water systems and enable hazards to be identified clearly. The chemicals that are added to the water at the West Coast DM’s WTWs are also included on the flow diagrams. Aerial photos of the water and sewer networks for each of the distribution systems are also included in Annexure AC. The flow diagrams for the systems and the treatment processes were confirmed with the Operational Managers during the site visits and the meetings with them. The validation of the flow diagrams enabled the WSP Team to determine the vulnerability of the systems in terms of its design and constructions and the operation and maintenance of the systems. The flow diagrams were signed and dated by the Operational Managers.

Swartland Municipality has been one of the more proactive municipalities in the Western Cape Province in responding to the call from many quarters to improve the management of municipal infrastructure assets. The Municipality compiled an Asset Register for all their water infrastructure and also implements a pipeline refurbishment / replacement programme.

The water quality results of the monthly compliance samples taken by both the West Coast DM and the Swartland Municipality at the various points throughout the distribution networks were loaded onto the BDS and are also included in Annexure C.


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1.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW OF CONTROL MEASURES

1.2.1 RISK ASSESSMENT

1.2.1.1 Hazards and hazardous event identification

Key to the success of a WSP is the execution of a detailed risk assessment. This step of the WSP establishes the risk that the water quality standard will not be met as well as the consequences if the standard is not complied with.

A hazard is any agent that will cause an adverse health effect if it is consumed via drinking water. A hazardous event is an incident or situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard. Hazards may be microbiological, physical or chemical in origin. Identification of hazards is important to ensure that adequate protection measure can be applied and to identify treatment requirements.

Typical hazards and hazardous events can include the following:

Power failures.

Extreme weather events (e.g. flooding).

Equipment breakdown and mechanical failure.

Leaks in the distribution system (e.g. where negative pressures are experienced during low flow periods).

Accidents which increase levels of contaminations (e.g. spills in catchment, incorrect dosing of chemicals).

Non-compliance with standard / guideline values and other requirements.

Human action (e.g. strikes resulting in lack of control at the treatment plant).

Insufficient or infected storage of drinking water.

The following risk assessment forms were completed by the Operational Managers for each of the distribution systems, in order to assist the WSP Team with the identification of all potential hazards or hazardous events. The completed forms are included in Annexure AE.

Evaluation of Catchment and Raw Water Sources.

Distribution risk evaluation

A list of potential hazards and hazardous events were compiled and worked through with the WSP Team on the 15th of October 20112. The agenda, attendance register and presentations made at the meeting with the WSP Team are included in Annexure AA. Additional hazards were also added to the list by the WSP Team and the potential hazards were evaluated for each of the distribution systems. The table below gives a summary of the various elements and the systems that were evaluated. The complete list of potential hazards or hazardous events as identified by the WSP Team is included in Annexure AF.

Table 1.2.1.1.1: Potential hazards or hazardous events evaluated by the WSP Team

Components Systems EvaluatedSurface Water

Rivers, Streams, Dams Perdeberg DamSprings Not ApplicableAll Sources Withoogte and Swartland Bulk Systems

GroundwaterBoreholes Three Riverlands Boreholes

Treatment (WTWs)Coagulation, Flocculation and Sedimentation Not Applicable

Filtration PaardenbergChlorination Paardenberg and RiverlandsSoftening / Stabilization Not Applicable


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Table 1.2.1.1.1: Potential hazards or hazardous events evaluated by the WSP TeamComponents Systems Evaluated

Distribution

Protected Service Reservoirs Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes, Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling

Distribution Systems Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes, Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling

Household Connections Malmesbury (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth), Moorreesburg, Riebeek Wes, Riebeek Kasteel, Yzerfontein, Koringberg, Darling

Community Standpipes Chatsworth, Riverlands

West Coast District Municipality: The table below summarise the recalculated risks for the West Coast Bulk Distribution Systems, after the existing control measures were taken into account, of the potential hazards or hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the West Coast District Municipality’s first assessment.

Table 1.2.1.1.2: Summary of recalculated risks for the Withoogte and Swartland bulk distribution systems, as included in their Water Safety Plan

Low Risks Medium Risks High Risks Over abstraction of groundwater source, which lead to

increased leaching of contaminants. Dosing malfunction can reduce floc formation and thus the

efficient removal of harmful micro-organisms, organic material, colour and turbidity

Poor control of pH and alkalinity can reduce coagulation and floc formation.

Changes in raw water quality can occur either seasonally or following an event. If dosing of coagulant and flocculent is not modified in response to water quality, treatment will be impaired.

Power failures Increased Salinity Levels in

the Berg River (Water quality standards cannot be met with 98% assurance of supply)

Poor condition of pipelines.

None

Communal standpipes represent probably the weakest part of a network’s water supply services. Often constructed in ways that cannot withstand excessive use (and abuse) and often neglected in terms of operation and maintenance adversely affecting the health of its already vulnerable and poor users. Communal standpipes are also used by poor households who normally don’t pay for water. Poor people are the ones that suffer the most from water-related diseases due to:

Poor quality and maintenance of standpipes and their surroundings. Standpipes are often leaking and poor drainage around standpipes results in standing pools of water and muddy soil.

Standpipes are not protected and animals lick the taps.

When people have to walk long distances to fetch water, it is used sparingly and not enough water is used for hygiene.

Even if water is clean when it leaves the standpipe tap, it is often contaminated by dirty containers used for carrying and storage.

Some of the households in Chatsworth and Riverlands still make use of communal services (Approximately 89 households in Chatsworth and 5 households in Riverlands). The only other areas where communal water services are currently still in use is on some of the farms in the rural areas.

1.2.1.2 Assessment of the risks

The impact of each of the hazards or hazardous events were characterised by assessing the severity of the likely health outcome and the probability of occurrence. A risk is the likelihood of the identified hazard/s causing harm to exposed populations in a specified timeframe including the magnitude of that harm and / or the consequences.


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The following hazard assessment matrix was used to score the existing risks that could make the water unsafe and to rank the hazards in order to establish priorities.

Table 1.2.1.2.1: Hazard assessment matrix used to score existing risksLikelihood Rating Consequence Rating

Almost certain (Once a day or permanent feature) 1 Catastrophic (Death expected from exposure) 100Likely (Once per week) 0.8 Major (Population exposed to significant illness) 70

Moderately likely (Once per month) 0.5 Moderate (Large aesthetic impact) 20Unlikely (Once per year) 0.2 Minor (Small aesthetic impact) 2

Rare (1 in 5 years) 0.1 Insignificant (No impact) 1

The table below gives an overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment matrix.

Table 1.2.1.2.2: Overview of the risk profile based on the score calculated from the risk assessment matrixScore Risk Profile

0 – 9 Low: These are systems that operate with minor deficiencies. Usually the systems meet the water quality parameters specified by the appropriate guidelines (SANS 241:2006)

10 – 19Medium: These are systems with deficiencies which individually or combined pose a high risk to the quality of water and human health. These systems would not generally require immediate action but the deficiencies could be more easily corrected to avoid future problems.

> 20High: These are systems with major deficiencies which individually combined pose a high risk to the quality of water and may lead to potential health and safety or environmental concerns. Once systems are classified under this category, immediate corrective action is required to minimize or eliminate efficiencies.

Likelihood is determined by “how often” or “how likely” a hazard or a hazardous event occurs. It must take into account hazards that have occurred in the past and their likelihood of re-occurrence and must also predict the likelihood of hazards and events that have not occurred to date.

Consequence determines the severity of the results of the hazard / hazardous event and the seriousness or intensity of the impact of the hazard to human health.

Risk Rating = Likelihood x Consequence

Table 1.2.1.2.3: Potential hazards or hazardous events that scored medium or high during Swartland Municipality’s risk assessment process

Medium Risks High Risks Groundwater may contain health related

chemicals as a result of local geology (no groundwater monitoring).



Dead-end mains and low water flows can led to stagnant water and loss of residual chlorine (Koringberg, Riebeek Wes and Riebeek Kasteel).


Agricultural or Forestry practices may lead to contamination by toxic chemicals including pesticides, spillage of diesel and petroleum products.


Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and action plans not in place. Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at treatment facilities Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving of equipment is not available. Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings and rooms not on standard. Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder storage not on standard. Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on standard. Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety equipment (PPE) not in place. Safety Audit: Personnel protective equipment not in place (PPE). Safety Audit: Leak detection and contaminated air control equipment not in

place.

The two biggest risks for the Swartland Municipality’s Internal Distribution Systems, as identified by the WSP team, are E.Coli failures within the distribution systems and the potential risks with regard to the safe handling / transporting of chlorine.

Swartland Municipality’s Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is included under Section 3.


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1.2.2 RISK MANAGEMENT

1.2.2.1 Control measures

Improved access to safe drinking water has significant benefits for public health and every effort should be made to achieve a drinking water quality that complies with the national safety standards in SANS:241.

Control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality are actions that reduce levels of hazards within their water supply systems either by preventing entry, reducing concentration, or by restricting their production. Some of the control measures implemented by the Swartland Local Municipality are effective against more than one specific hazard while some of the hazards require more than one control measure for effective control. The assessment and planning of control measures in the Swartland Local Municipality’s distribution systems ensure that health-based targets are met and are based on hazard identification and assessment.

Barriers implemented by the Swartland Municipality against contamination and deteriorating quality include:

Participate in catchment management and water source protection issues.

Correct operation and maintenance of the filtration and disinfection plants.

Protection and maintenance of the distribution system. This includes ensuring an adequate disinfectant residual at all times, rapid response to pipe bursts and other leaks, regular cleaning of reservoirs, keeping all delivery points tidy and clean, etc.

Four other important barriers against poor quality drinking water that are a prerequisite to those listed above are:

A well informed Council and municipal managers that understand the extreme importance of and are committed to providing adequate resources for continuous professional operation and maintenance of the water supply system.

A Service Delivery Agreement with the West Coast District Municipality is in place for the provision of bulk water.

Competent managers and supervisors in the technical department who are responsible for water supply services lead by example and are passionate about monitoring and safeguarding drinking water quality.

Well informed community members and other consumers of water supply services that know how to protect the water from becoming contaminated once it has been delivered, that have respect for water as a precious resource and that adhere to safe hygiene and sanitation practices.

The existing control measures implemented by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are based on a multi-barrier principle so that if one barrier fails, the remaining barriers still operate, thus minimizing the likelihood of contaminants passing through the entire system and being in insufficient amounts to cause harm to consumers

The control measures implemented by the West Coast District Municipality minimises the likelihood of Swartland Municipality receiving potable water of an unacceptable quality. Swartland Municipality identified critical control points throughout each of their distribution systems. It is necessary to monitor variables that can impact water quality at these control points such as, raw water quality, filtration efficiencies, chlorine dosage rates, failure of distribution systems, etc. Critical control points relate to points within the distribution system that require on-going evaluation to ensure that the final water quality meets required standards. Operational limits need to be set at each of the critical control points. Operational limits relate to unit process design criteria and should indicate what the quality of the water should be at the outlet of each unit process. Operational limits are required to ensure that each of the treatment processes / critical control points are functioning to capacity.


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The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality at control points throughout their distributions systems are listed in Annexure AF and the Control Measure Sheets are included in Annexure AJ.

The existing control measures implemented by the Swartland Municipality can be summarised as follows:

Table 1.2.2.1.1: Existing control measures implemented by Swartland MunicipalityCATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCE

West Coast Water Monitoring Committee. Active participation in Catchment Stakeholders’ Forums and communication of critical issues. Engage with the West Coast District Municipality with regard to additional Water Sources for the Withoogte and

Swartland Bulk Distribution Systems. Restricted access to sources (Perdeberg Dam is situated in the Paardenberg Nature Reserve and Riverlands boreholes are

fenced). Ensuring that all water usage is registered and authorized by DWA as stipulated by the National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998). Building and planning regulations include measures to protect the water resources from potentially polluting activities (e.g.

industries). Enforcement of Water Services Bylaws and strict monitoring of industrial consumers, with regard to the quality of effluent

discharged by them. Abstraction of Riverlands boreholes linked to the telemetry system.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM Filtration: Rapid Gravity Sand filters with automated backwashing procedures. Operational personnel regularly inspect the

filters in order to ensure that the filters are operational. Disinfection

Operator ensures that there is sufficient chlorine in the tanks / cylinders.Operator test for gas leaks on a regular basis or whenever required.Operator ensures that chlorine dosing takes place at the correct dosage levels. Records are kept. The chlorine dosing is automated and linked to the flows.Follow safety procedures.

Security: Plant is fenced and locked.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Bulk meter readings are taken 8 hourly by the West Coast DM and the amount of water received is monitored by the West

Coast DM. The West Coast DM implements an Alarmed Telemetry System for operating limits (Continuous monitoring with alarms for

some of the processes). Standby generators (general standby generators) Trained operational personnel (trained in chlorine disinfection systems) Verification Monitoring: Monthly microbiological samples taken at various points on the distribution networks. Storage

Bulk meter readings are taken by a telemetry system 24 hours per day.Levels of reservoirs are controlled through telemetry system (Opening & Closing)

Security at chlorination stationsChlorination plants are fenced and locked with alarms.

Security at pump stationsIntruder alarms for pump stations.

Security at reservoirsAll of the reservoir covers are locked and some of the reservoirs are fenced in order to prevent access.

Monitoring water lossesInternal network distribution losses are monitored for each of the distribution systems on a monthly basis.

Customer complaints systemDeveloped help-desks at all municipal administrations with the objective to assist customers.Disabled people are supported to do business from the help-desks. Requests by the illiterate are being captured and forwarded to the relevant official / section.After hour emergency requests are being dealt with on a twenty four hour basis.All complaints are logged through a Logbook System.The Municipality has maintained a high and a very consistent level of service to the consumers in their Management Area.

“Job Card” system to repair pipe bursts and leaks, with standby teams.All pipe bursts and leaks are logged and repaired immediately. Standby teams are available during the night and over weekends and holiday periods.

Rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing infrastructure. An Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure. Old


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Table 1.2.2.1.1: Existing control measures implemented by Swartland Municipalitywater networks are replaced annually as funds become available. Pipe Replacement Study was completed in April 2013.

Fully enclosed distribution systems and storage facilities. Maintaining adequate system pressure. Pressure monitoring and recording. Compliance Monitoring (Water quality sampling programme)

Water Quality Sampling Programme is in place and samples are taken on a regular basis (Results and Parameters tested by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure C).

Cleaning of reservoirsRegular inspections of reservoirs and reservoirs are regularly cleaned.

Up-to-date network maps (GIS). Purchasing policy and procedure. Consumer education and property inspections

Groundwater Monitoring: Swartland Municipality currently operates the three production boreholes in Riverlands. The raw water quality of the three boreholes needs to be monitored once a year. The abstraction from the boreholes is linked to the Municipality’s telemetry system. The boreholes are an important alternative resource for Riverlands and Chatsworth.

Riverlands / Chatsworth Groundwater System

Table 1.2.2.1.2: Swartland Municipality’s production boreholesBorehole No. ID Latitude Longitude Borehole Depth Installation Depth

Riv BH 1 To be confirmed 33o31’ 27.1” 18o36’ 1.6” To be confirmed To be confirmedRiv BH 2 To be confirmed 33o31’ 19.0” 18o35’ 53.1” To be confirmed To be confirmedRiv BH 3 To be confirmed 33o31’ 33.4” 18o36’ 6.5” To be confirmed To be confirmed

The table below gives a summary of the abstraction and monitoring of the Riverlands boreholes.

Table 1.2.2.1.3: Swartland Municipality’s production boreholes monitoringBorehole No.

Borehole Type Flow rate monitoring

Connection to Telemetry

Hydraulic parameters measured

Chemistry parameters measured

Riv BH 1 Abstraction Automatic flow meter: Continuous

measurementYes Abstraction NoneRiv BH 2 Abstraction

Riv BH 3 Abstraction

Health and Safety at Reservoirs: Most of the reservoir premises are fenced and the gates to the sites are locked at all times. Most of the concrete manholes for valves and water meters are also supplied with lockable covers. Notices can be placed on the gates, which should provide information on whom to contact and the telephone number, for anyone who observes any signs of overflow, leaks or vandalism. An “Access for unauthorized people is forbidden” sign should also be mounted on the gates.

The reservoirs are also covered with roofs and the ventilation openings are covered with netting, to protect the water from contamination by bird and animal droppings and to prevent animals being trapped inside the reservoir. Roofing also prevents algae growth and evaporation. Swartland Municipality needs to ensure that all covers of reservoirs are locked at all times. Part of Swartland Municipality’s operation and maintenance activities are to clean the storage reservoirs regularly.


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1.2.2.2 Verification and validation of control measures

Verification and validation is the process of obtaining evidence on the performance of control measures. For many controls validation will require an intensive programme of monitoring to demonstrate the performance of a control under normal and exceptional circumstances. This should not be confused with operational monitoring, which shows that the validated control continues to work effectively. Part of the verification is also a legal requirement in that Swartland Municipality must provide the DWA, DoH and consumers with proof that they are complying with the requirements of the Water Services Act and the Drinking Water Quality standards as outlined in SANS:241. Appropriate record keeping of verification information is essential and is of particular importance if a health related water incident has occurred. Some of the controls implemented by Swartland Municipality have been in place for some time, with sufficient operating data to give Swartland Municipality confidence that further validation monitoring is not required.

The Compliance Sampling Results as tested by the West Coast District Municipality are loaded onto DWA’s BDS. The National Health Laboratory Service is doing the Microbiological water quality testing for Swartland Municipality at a few points within their internal distribution systems. The sample results are included in Annexure C.

1.2.3 REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE RISKS

The WSP considered whether the existing control measures are effective. This was done by site inspections, manufacturer’s specifications and monitoring data. The risks were then recalculated in terms of likelihood and consequence, taking into account all the existing control measures. The table below summarise the recalculated risks, after the existing control measures were taken into account, of the potential hazards or hazardous events that scored originally medium or high in the first assessment.

Table 1.2.3.1: Summary of recalculated risksLow Risks Medium Risks High Risks

Agricultural or Forestry practices may lead to contamination by toxic chemicals including pesticides, spillage of diesel and petroleum products.



Dead-end mains and low water flows can led to stagnant water and loss of residual chlorine (Koringberg, Riebeek Wes and Riebeek Kasteel).


Groundwater may contain health related chemicals as a result of local geology (no groundwater monitoring).

Safety Audit: Chlorine buildings and rooms not on standard.

Safety Audit: Drum / Cylinder storage not on standard.


Safety Audit: Emergency procedures and action plans not in place.

Safety Audit: Inadequate chlorine signage at treatment facilities

Safety Audit: Proper offloading and moving of equipment is not available.

Safety Audit: Dosing equipment not on standard.

Safety Audit: First aid kit and safety equipment (PPE) not in place.

Safety Audit: Personnel protective equipment not in place (PPE).

Safety Audit: Leak detection and contaminated air control equipment not in place.

The control measures were considered not only for their longer-term average performance, but also in light of their potential to fail or be ineffective over a short space of time. The significant risks that do not have controls were identified as remaining significant risks. The completed assessment is included in Annexure AF.

The reduction in risk achieved by each control measure is an indication of its effectiveness. Any remaining risks after all the control measures have been taken into account, and which the WSP team consider unacceptable, were investigated in terms of additional corrective actions.

The risks were than prioritized in terms of their likely impact on the capacity of the system to deliver safe water. High priority risks may require system modification or upgrade to achieve the water quality targets. Low priority risks can often be minimized as part of routine good practice activities.


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1.2.4 IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN

An Improvement / Upgrade Plan was compiled for all the existing significant risks, where the existing controls were not effective or absent. Each identified improvement was linked to one of the WSP Team members to take responsibility for implementation together with an appropriate time frame for implementation of these controls. Swartland Municipality’s Improvement / Upgrade Plan is included in Annexure AF.

1.2.4.1 Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Water Treatment Works

The raw water from the Perdeberg Dam is treated at the Paardenberg plant (Filtration and Disinfection). The filtration consists of an automatic backwash rapid gravity sand filter and the disinfection is done with chlorine gas. There are no short to medium term upgrading planned for the plant.

West Coast Bulk WTWs: The upgradings planned for the West Coast DM’s two bulk WTWs (Withoogte and Swartland) are discussed in detail in their Water Safety Plan and the relevant Technical Reports. Below is a short summary of the planned upgradings.

The existing capacity of the Withoogte WTW is 72 Ml/day. Variation in salinity of the raw water has resulted in the WTW not being able to sustain capacity during periods of high salinity. It was recommended that the raw water storage capacity at the WTW be increased to allow the bridging of these periods of occurrence of high salinity. The extent of the required upgrading comprised the provision of a second identical raw water dam with a capacity of 260 000 m³. The estimated cost of this required upgrading has been determined at R17.880 million (Vat Excluded).

The existing capacity of the Swartland WTW is 29 Ml/day. The most significant cost implications in the short to medium term, with regard to the upgrading of the WTWs, are as follows:

Withoogte treatment capacity upgrade and / or desalination of sea water to increase the treated supply volume. A total upgrade of 100 Ml/day is required over the planning horizon, and it was split into two phases of 50 Ml/day each. The cost implication of each phase is R220 million, with the first phase required in the very near future. The project could sensibly be split into more phases.

Swartland treatment capacity upgrade and / or alternative supply option /s. A total upgrade of 35 Ml/day is required over the planning horizon and it was not split into phases. The cost implication of the work to provide for the 2040 demand is R168 million, required in the very near future. The project could sensibly be split into more phases.

Both treatment plant upgrades listed above are subject to water being available in the Berg River. Alternative options have been investigated (i.e. desalination of sea water) and these could of course be implemented instead of the master plan items serving the purpose of providing water into the water distribution system.

1.2.4.2 Medium to long term planning for the upgrading of the Distribution Systems

Swartland Municipality’s most recent Water Master Plan update was done during July 2008. The list of future required works for Riebeek Wes, Riebeek Kasteel and Ongegund (PPC) was however updated during 2011. A water distribution system pipe replacement study was also completed during April 2013.

Various parts of the reticulation systems, as identified through the Water Master Planning process, need to be upgraded as new developments take place in the various urban areas. The operational staff of Swartland Municipality indicated the following operational problems during the Water Master Planning process.

Abbotsdale: The supply to the Abbotsdale reservoir is insufficient due to low static conditions (New Booster Pump Station was constructed).

Malmesbury: Faulty bulk meter readings (Various new bulk water meters were installed at reservoirs during 2012/2013 with funding support from DWA, through their ACIP funding). Low pressures during peak demand hours in Ilinge Lethu close to the Wesbank Reservoirs, Suikerbos Street and the area close to the cemetery, Truter Street, Wagener Street and Percheron Street.


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The pressures within the distribution systems of each of the towns were determined through the Water Master Plans. The following table gives a summary of the pressures in the existing systems. (Fully occupied – Water Master Plan, CES)

Table 1.2.4.2.1: Pressures in existing systemsDistribution System Static Pressures Residual Pressures

Moorreesburg No areas where pressures exceed 90m.Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range, except in the low cost residential area where the pressures are as low as 20m.

Koringberg No areas where pressures exceed 90m Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range.

MalmesburyNo areas where pressures exceed 90m. One PRV situated in the Panorama Reservoir District.

There are a few areas which could experience low residual pressures:1) Higher lying areas in Wesbank which is

currently fed from the Wesbank reservoirs and not the tower.

2) Small area in the central part of Malmesbury, which is fed from the Kleindam reservoir.

Abbotsdale, Chatsworth, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands There are four PRVs in the system Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m

to 90m range.

Riebeek Wes No areas where pressures exceed 90mUnder peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range, except in the higher lying areas where the pressures are as low as 20m.

Riebeek Kasteel No areas where pressures exceed 90m. Three PRVs in the system.

Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range.

Yzerfontein No areas where pressures exceed 90m Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range.

Darling No areas where pressures exceed 90m.

Under peak hour demand conditions in the 24m to 90m range, except for the higher lying areas close to the reservoir and in the low cost housing development.

The table below gives an overview of the proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems, as identified in the latest Water Master Plans (2008).

Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)Moorreesburg

Proposed distribution districts:No changes.Reservoirs:No additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.

KoringbergProposed distribution districts:No changes.Reservoirs:No additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.

MalmesburyProposed distribution districts:The Wesbank reservoir site and district will become the main source of supply for the potential future developments. The augmentation of existing reservoirs or the implementing of reservoirs at new locations was investigated as part of the Master Plans, and with the exception of the proposed Glen Lily and Wesbank HL reservoirs, it was decided that the preferred scenario would be to augment the supply to the Wesbank Reservoirs and feed from there.Reservoirs:Various additional reservoirs were proposed, as included in Table 1.2.4.2.3Proposed future system and required works:1) Project MAW1: A new 3Ml reservoir at the existing Glen Lily reservoir, which belongs to the West Coast DM, is proposed to supply

the developments. A booster pump station with a separate booster sub-district is also proposed to supply the higher lying areas.2) Project MAW2 includes the items to accommodate for the large amount of potential future developments in the Wesbank Reservoir

District. A new 400mm dia supply and a new 4Ml reservoir is proposed to augment the supply to this district. There are also a few


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Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)PRVs proposed to control high static pressures in certain developments. A new booster pump station is proposed to supply the higher lying areas in potential future development No.7. One of the major changes proposed to the existing operation of the system is to implement items MAW 2.12 and MAW 2.13 which will result in the Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth areas to be fed from the Wesbank Reservoir and not from the Kleindam Reservoir as is the case presently.

3) Project MAW3 is proposed to rezone the existing Panorama District boundaries and augment the supply to the Panorama reservoir when capacity problems occur. It is proposed that the southern part of the Panorama Reservoir District, which includes the industrial area, be incorporated into the Kleindam Reservoir District. Although a PRV is currently controlling the high pressures it was decided to incorporate this area into the Kleindam Reservoir District, also because of the new 2Ml reservoir that was constructed at the Kleindam Reservoir. This will result in lower water demands on the Panorama Reservoir District which might currently experience capacity problems.

4) Project MAW4 includes the items to accommodate for potential future developments 34, 35, 36 and 37. A new 200mm dia supply and a new 2Ml reservoir is proposed to supply this proposed reservoir district directly from the West Coast DM bulk supply pipes. It is also recommended that a small area of Wesbank, currently experiencing low residual pressures, be incorporated into this district.

5) Project MAW5 is recommended to alleviate existing low residual problems in the Wesbank area. This area is currently being fed from the Wesbank reservoirs and it is proposed to incorporate this area into the Wesbank Tower District to alleviate these low pressure problems.

6) Project MAW6 which includes only Item MAW6.1 is proposed to accommodate for potential future development 6.Abbotsdale, Chatsworth, Kalbaskraal and Riverlands

Proposed distribution districts:No changes.Reservoirs:The reservoir capacity in Abbotsdale will not be sufficient to accommodate for the potential future developments. An additional 0.5Ml reservoir is proposed next to the existing reservoir. No additional capacity is required in the other areas.Proposed future system and required works:The existing water distribution system for Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.

Riebeek WesProposed distribution districts:No changesReservoirs:The reservoir capacity in Riebeek Wes is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:A new 160mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed in Hof Street to augment the supply to accommodate for the potential future developments.

PPCProposed distribution districts:No changesReservoirs:The reservoir capacity in PPC is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario, therefore no additional required works are proposed.

Riebeek KasteelProposed distribution districts:No changesReservoirs:The reservoir capacity in Riebeek Kasteel is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing water distribution system has sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore no additional required works are proposed.

YzerfonteinProposed distribution districts:No changesReservoirs:The reservoir capacity in Yzerfontein is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing Yzerfontein water distribution system doesn’t have sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario and the additional future development areas, therefore a 200mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed to accommodate for the potential future developments.

DarlingProposed distribution districts:No changesReservoirs:


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Table 1.2.4.2.2: Proposed upgradings for the various distribution systems (Water Master Plan)The reservoir capacity in Darling is sufficient, therefore no additional capacity is required.Proposed future system and required works:The existing distribution system does not have sufficient capacity to supply the future water demands for the fully occupied scenario, therefore a 160mm dia parallel reinforcement pipe is proposed.

The future reservoir capacity requirements are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.2.4.2.3: Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems

Water District (Reservoir zone)

AADD, incl. UAW (kl/d) Reservoir Capacity (kl)

Size of new recom-mended reservoir

Fully Occupied Existing

FuturePresent Capacity

(1)

Storage required for Shortage (1)(Minus is a shortage)


FutureFully

Occupied Existing

Future

Abbotsdale 273 457 260 410 686 -150 -426 500Chatsworth 558 802 540 837 1 203 -297 -663 -Kalbaskraal 264 264 580 396 396 184 184 -Darling 1 655 1 655 3 420 2 483 2 483 937 937 -Koringberg (2) 227 269 500 341 404 159 96Kleindam 1 032 1 152 2 870 1 548 1 728 1 322 1 142 -Old Golf Course 634 1 429 5 370 950 2 144 4 420 3 226 -Panorama 2 892 2 108 5 300 4 338 3 162 962 2 138 1 000Prison 1 076 1 076 2 120 1 614 1 615 506 505Wesbank 1 639 8 049 9 440 2 459 12 074 6 981 -2 634 4.000Wesbank Tower 324 495 220 81 124 139 96 -Proposed Glen Lily 1 990 2 985 - -2 985 3.000Proposed Wesbank HL 1 137 1 706 - -1 706 2.000Moorreesburg 2 780 3 065 8 160 4 170 4 598 3 990 3 562 -Riebeek Kasteel 990 1 122 1 860 1 485 1 683 375 177 -Riebeek Wes LL 510 732 1 500 765 1 098 735 402 -Riebeek Wes HL 190 190 1 190 285 285 905 905 -PPC 160 160 2 391 240 240 2 151 2 151 -Yzerfontein 1 298 1 887 4 370 1 948 2 831 2 422 1 539 -

Notes: 1) The present reservoir capacities were confirmed with the Municipality and updated in the above table. The present and future shortages were also recalculated, based on the confirmed present capacities.

2) 0.230 Ml of the West Coast District Municipality included.

The future pump station requirements are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.2.4.2.4: Future pump stations requirements for Swartland Municipality’s distribution systems

Pumps Existing Capacity (l/s)

Future Capacity (l/s) Head (m)

Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and ChatsworthChatsworth reservoir supply 15 18 120Kalbaskraal Booster PS 11.5 11.5 20Kalbaskraal Riverlands Supply 15 18 30Proposed Abbotsdale Booster N/A 6.5 25

MalmesburyWesbank Tower Supply 13 22 20Mount Royal Booster PS 3 3 20Panorama Booster PS No.1 10 10 20Panorama Booster PS No.2 13 13 25Glen Lily Booster PS 5 5 40Proposed Booster FDA MAL7 N/A 45 40Proposed Glen Lily Booster N/A 27 25

Riebeek WesRiebeek Wes HL Reservoir Supply 9 9 45


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West Coast Bulk Distribution Systems

GLS was appointed in 2009 to update the master plan of the bulk water distribution systems for the West Coast District Municipality, following a previous study in 2005.

The analysis of the Withoogte system showed no areas of particular concern (existing system). Residual pressures in the existing system under peak hour demand conditions are acceptable. There are also no pipes with velocities exceeding 2 m/s in the system.

The analysis of the Swartland system also showed no areas of particular concern (existing system). Residual pressures in the existing system under peak hour demand conditions are acceptable. The only low pressures occur in the parallel pipelines between Malmesbury and Darling if the Darling and Yzerfontein pump stations are in operation simultaneously and have a combined flow-rate of more than 100 l/s. The flow velocities are relatively high (exceeding 1 m/s) in the supply line from Swartland to Kasteelberg, but at this stage it is not a concern.

The main distribution point would remain at Besaansklip reservoir, no matter where the water is sourced from (e.g. the Berg River or Desalination plant near the coast) in the future. If all the additional water needed for 2040 were to be supplied from the Berg River (it is highly unlikely that there would be enough) the main supply line from Withoogte to Besaansklip would provide the estimated 2040 peak day flow rate at just over 2 m/s. Any water supplied from the west (e.g. sea) to Besaansklip would of course relieve the stress (reduced flow velocity) on the main supply pipe from Withoogte.

The critical consideration in sourcing “new water” and minimising infrastructure upgrades is that any additional water sourced should be supplied into the system at Besaansklip reservoir, from where the master plan items would make provision for further distribution. Any other entry point to the system would entail significant infrastructure upgrades.

The system requires substantial upgrades to meet the 2040 demand, but the cost is mainly ascribed to the upgrade of both Withoogte and Swartland WTWs, contributing respectively R440M and R168M to the total capital expenditure of R1264M over the next 30-year period. Excluding the two WTWs the required capital on system elements amounts to R656M, or about R22M per year for the next 30 years.

Substantial upgrades would be required to meet additional demand after 2040. The items that at that stage would have reached their maximum capacity include the following:

Misverstand rising main;

The Withoogte Besaansklip gravity main;

Swartland rising main (despite the provision of a parallel rising main and pump upgrade in 2015 as part of this master plan);

Main pumps at Misverstand and Swartland, despite upgrades as per the master plan.

The raw water storage capacity at the Withoogte WTW is insufficient in terms of storage in the case of a power outage and settling period in the case of poor raw water quality from the Misverstand dam, which was experienced more frequently over the last few years.

The most significant cost implications in the short to medium term include:

Projects where the implementation or planning is currently under way (Glen Lily reservoir, Vergeleë reservoir and parallel pipes up- and downstream of Swavelberg PS).

Desalination of sea water to increase the treated supply volume to the Withoogte System, the first 8.5 Ml/d phase is to be completed by 2014.


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Besaansklip reservoir upgrade to provide an additional 60 Ml of storage, to act as a first of two identical phases required over the planning horizon. The cost of each phase is R67M. The first phase is required immediately.

Parallel reinforcement to a section of the pipeline from Glen Lily reservoir towards Darling is required immediately to supply the current demand to Darling and Yzerfontein.

The future reservoir capacity requirements for the West Coast bulk distribution systems are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.2.4.2.1.1: Future reservoir capacity requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution systems

Zone or town

AADD, incl. UAW (kl/d) Reservoir Capacity (kl)

Year when storage

becomes insufficient


Future Present Capacity

Storage required for Shortage(Minus is a surplus)

Existing (2010)

Ultimate Future (2040)


Future

Kasteelberg 2 365 7 213 18 000 4 731 14 425 -13 269 -3 575 > 2040Glen Lily 11 410 34 217 16 000 22 819 68 434 6 819 52 434 2010Glen Lily (after adding 25 Ml in 2010) 11 410 34 217 41 000 22 819 68 434 -18 181 27 434 2022

WithoogteClean Water

3 228 6 489 22 500 6 457 12 978 -16 043 -9 522 > 2040

Besaansklip 30 157 94 712 69 000 60 314 189 425 -8 686 120 425 2011Vergeleë 10 159 29 824 16 000 20 319 59 648 4 319 43 648 2010Vergeleë (after adding 15 Ml in 2010) 10 159 29 824 31 000 20 319 59 648 -10 681 28 648 2018

Byeneskop 224 665 750 448 1 330 -302 580 2020Wildschutsvlei balancing tank - - 300 - - - - -

Withoogte Raw Water - - - - - - - -Notes: 1) All reservoir capacity based on 48 hours of AADD

2) The estimate of year when reservoir storage is required is based on linear interpolation between 2010 and 2040 and not on actual demand estimates.

The future pump station requirements for the West Coast bulk distribution systems are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.2.4.2.1.2: Future pump station requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution systems

Name(Town / Zone) Location / Description

Capacity of pumps2010 2040

Flow (l/s) Head (m) Power (kW) Flow (l/s) Head (m) Power (kW)S: Darling PS Darling booster pumps 47 75 49 47 75 49

S: Swavelberg PS Booster pump – supply to Rustfontein 302 40 169 490 120 822

S: Swavelberg PS Upgrade of Swavelberg PS - - - 350 50 245

S: Rustfontein PS Booster pump – Supply to Glen Lily reservoirs 302 40 169 490 60 411

S: Rustfontein PS Upgrade of Swavelberg PS - - - 350 50 245

S: Swartland PS Pumps at Swartland WTW 480 220 1 475 730 260 2 652

S: Yzerfontein PS Booster pump – Supply to Yzerfontein 69 88 - 69 88 85

S: Swartland PS to Gouda Not Included - - - - - -W: Misverstand PS Pumps at Misverstand 1 583 190 4 202 2 023 190 5 370

W: Velddrif PS Booster pump – Supply to Dwarskersbos 12 74 12 50 60 42

W: Withoogte Byeneskop Not included - - - - - -W: SOWG Boorgatpompe Not included - - - - - -


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Table 1.2.4.2.1.2: Future pump station requirements for the Withoogte and Swartland distribution systems

Name(Town / Zone) Location / Description

Capacity of pumps2010 2040

Flow (l/s) Head (m) Power (kW) Flow (l/s) Head (m) Power (kW)

W: Vredenburg PS Various – Not included (SB Municipality) - - - - - -

Notes: 1) Pump capacities have to be verified by the West Coast DM: Master Plan results are based on information in this table2) Modelled pump power output calculated at 70% efficiency

Health and hygiene at communal standpipes: As previously mentioned some of the households in Chatsworth and Riverlands still make use of communal services. It is of utmost importance that the communal standpipes within the Local Municipality’s Management Areas are properly maintained, to promote better health and hygiene among users. It is necessary for Swartland Municipality to:

keep the standpipe area clean and free from stagnant water;

avoid water spillage by keeping the tap closed when not in use;

report and rectify leakages immediately;

keep straying animals away from standpipe area; and

keep the tap outlet, standpipe slab and soak away clean.

Promote health and hygiene awareness amongst standpipe users by focusing on the following:

users must use the standpipe only for the filling of containers;

no body or clothes washing is allowed at standpipes;

no house pipes or other objects may be attached to the standpipes;

use clean containers and close containers with a suitable lid when transporting water;

disinfect containers when necessary; and

immediately report any irregularities, contamination, tampering or vandalism at standpipes.

The future water capital projects of Swartland Municipality are included in the Improvement / Upgrade Plan. The Improvement / Upgrade Plan should be monitored to confirm improvements have been made and are effective and that the WSP has been updated accordingly. It should also be taken into consideration that the introduction of new controls could introduce new risks to the system.

1.2.5 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WATER SAFETY PLAN

Having a formal process for verification and auditing of the WSP ensures that it is working properly. Verification involves three activities which are undertaken together to provide evidence that the WSP is working effectively. These are:

Compliance Monitoring;

Internal and external auditing of operational activities;

Consumer satisfaction.

Verification should provide the evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. If it does not, the Upgrade / Improvement Plan should be revised and implemented.

Verification may be undertaken by Swartland Municipality, an independent authority (for example DWA) or by a combination of these. Operational audit should include the systematic review of operational procedures and documentation to ensure that the WSP is working. During the audit, operational records of all treatment processes and distribution system maintenance should be reviewed to assess whether they exhibit the requirements for each component of the system. In addition, spot checks in the field should be carried out. A key element of the audit process is to identify when monitoring results show deviation from critical limits and


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what operational shortcomings may have been the cause. The audit should identify shortcomings in the overall WSP and identify modifications and improvements required for the WSP.

Comprehensive Operational and Compliance Sampling Programmes are implemented by the West Coast DM for their two WTWs and bulk distribution systems, in order to ensure that the bulk potable water delivered to Swartland Municipality comply with SANS0241:2011 requirements. Swartland Municipality however also take their own Microbiological Samples at various points throughout the distribution networks, as an additional control measure. The Swartland Municipality’s samples are tested at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point.

The arrangement between the West Coast DM, Swartland Municipality and the National Health Laboratory Service allows for routine reporting of results to the Municipality with appropriate corrective actions for failing results. The West Coast DM load their compliance sampling results onto DWA’s BDS and the percentage compliance of the water quality samples taken over the last twelve months (January 2012 to December 2012) can be taken from the BDS. The compliance percentage per parameter for the various distribution systems are however also included in Annexure C. The SANS:241:2011 Compliance Monitoring Parameters are also included in Annexure C for easy reference.

The SANS:241 Drinking water specification is the definitive reference on acceptable limits for drinking water quality parameters in South Africa and provides limits for a range of water quality characteristics. In essence, drinking water quality should pose no health risk, and should satisfy SANS:241 limits for specified time frames.

In addition to analysis of the water quality, verification should include an audit of the WSP and of the operational practice to show good practice and compliance. Auditors will identify opportunities for improvement such as areas where procedures are not being followed properly, resources are insufficient, planned improvements are impractical, or where training or motivational support is required for staff. The Annual Process Audit is further discussed under Section 5.1.

1.2.6 SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES

Many actions are important in ensuring drinking water safety but do not directly affect drinking water quality and are therefore not control measures. These are referred to as supporting programmes and should be documented in a WSP. Supporting programmes may entail activities that indirectly support water safety, for example those that lead to the optimization of processes, like improving quality control in a laboratory. Examples of other activities include continuing education courses, calibration of equipment, preventive maintenance, hygiene and sanitation, as well as legal aspects such as a programme for understanding the organization’s compliance obligations.

Supporting programmes are activities that ensure the operating environment, equipment used and the people themselves do not become an additional source of potential hazards to the drinking water supply. The existing Supporting programmes of Swartland Municipality are as follows:

Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast DM and Saldanha Bay Municipality, Swartland Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality. The establishment of a Monitoring Committee with the following powers and functions:

To co-ordinate integrated development planning in respect of the services;

To monitor the performance of the District Municipality in respect of service levels;

To monitor the implementation of this agreement;

To provide a forum for the local municipalities to interact with the District Municipality;

To accept delivery, on behalf of the Local Municipalities, of reports which the District Municipality is required to produce in terms of this agreement;

To consider and make recommendations to the District Municipality on the District Municipality’s high level budget and key performance indicators and targets;

In consultation with the District Municipality, to handle, manage and make recommendations to the parties in respect of any matter related to the services which is not dealt with by this agreement;


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To ensure that the expenses incurred by the District Municipality in respect of the services do not exceed the amount allocated therefore in the District Municipality’s annual budget;

To formulate a written document that records the rules and procedures, which will be binding on itself, regulating the manner and legislative obligations, powers and functions to the Monitoring Committee.


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Quality of supply and service: The obligations on the West Coast DM are to deliver the services to particular standards of supply and service and to report on the extent of its compliance with those standards. Accordingly the West Coast DM must comply with the standards of supply and service, including reporting obligations relating to those standards; and provide the Local Municipalities with a report in relation to those standards on a three (3) monthly basis, or at such other intervals as may be agreed by the parties in writing.

Supply Chain Management ProceduresSpecific procedures exist for the purchasing of chemicals / materials and ensuring adequate quality.

Security MeasuresSwartland Municipality ensures strict control (Limit access) of people at their sources, filtration plant, disinfection plants and close to reservoirs and pump stations. This includes the implementation of appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorised access (Alarm systems, locked gates, fences etc.).

Training of PersonnelWorkplace Skills Plan is compiled every year and the specific training needs of the personnel, with regard to water quality and water safety, are determined annually. Examples of relevant areas to address include general water quality, and specific training to optimise system performance such as:

Proper filter operation;

Disinfection system operation;

Reticulation management;

Sampling, monitoring and analysis;

Interpretation and recording of results, and

Maintenance of equipment.

Employees should also be trained in other aspects of WQM including incident and emergency response, documentation and reporting.

Water Services By-lawsWater services by-laws are in place. The by-laws give effect to the policies of Swartland Municipality. The Constitution and the Municipal Systems Act recognise by-laws as the only instrument through which a Municipality exercises its legislative authority.

Codes of good operating, management and hygienic practice are essential elements of supporting programmes. The codes in place at Swartland Municipality include the following:

Training and competence of personnel involved in water supply. The qualifications of the existing operational personnel are included in Annexure E. On-going training is provided to these personnel as courses with regard to water quality and water safety becomes available.

Tools for managing the actions of staff such as quality assurance systems.

Securing stakeholder commitment at all levels to the provision of safe water and education of communities whose activities influence water quality.

Calibration and monitoring of equipment. Supervisors at disinfection plants ensure that equipment used for chlorine dosage are properly calibrated and monitor the equipment.

Record keeping. The current information recorded is included in Annexure AJ.

Comparison of supporting programmes with those of others through peer review, benchmarking and personnel or document exchange can encourage ideas for improved practice.


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1.2.7 ESTABLISH DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES

If document updates are prepared as information becomes available, it reduces the amount of updating required at the end of the year and will allow Swartland Municipality to receive more up-to-date progress reports for their own planning services.

Documentation of Swartland Municipality’s WSP includes:

Description and assessment of existing drinking water distribution systems, including programmes to upgrade existing water delivery.

A plan for operational monitoring and verification of drinking water system.

Description of supporting programmes.

Water and safety management procedures for normal operation and incident / emergency situations (including communication plans).

Communication strategies of Swartland Municipality include the following:

Procedures for promptly advising of any significant incidents within the drinking water supply including notification of the public health authority (Section 1.5 and Annexure AI).

Summary information to be available to consumers, e.g. through the media, annual reports and on the internet (Water Quality Results are included in the WSDP and the Water Services Audit Reports of Swartland Municipality). See also Section 4.2.

Establishment of mechanisms to receive and actively address community complaints in a timely fashion (Works Order System, with a Customer Service Centre).

1.2.8 REVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WSP

The WSP Team of Swartland Municipality is committed to meet regularly to review all aspects of the WSP to ensure that they are still accurate. Operational monitoring results and trends will be assessed. In addition to the regular three year review, the WSP will also be reviewed when, for example, a new water source is developed, major treatment improvements are planned and brought into use, or after a major water quality incident. The table below gives a summary of the review processes of the WSP.

Table 1.2.8.1: Review Schedule for Water Safety PlanDocument Date Review Period Reason for review

First Draft June 2012 January 2012 to December 2012 -

1.3 RISK BASED MONITORING PROGRAMMES

Monitoring is the act of conducting a planned series of observations or measurements of operational and / or critical limits to assess whether the components of the water supply are operating properly. The first process is checking the water quality during the operational processes including abstraction, treatment and distribution. The second process is checking that the water delivered complies with the quality standards as set by government regulations.


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A significant limitation of an approach that focuses on compliance monitoring only is that it promotes reactive management, rather than proactive preventative management, as corrective actions are initiated only after drinking water quality monitoring indicates that guideline values have been exceeded. Other limitations of a compliance monitoring approach to protecting public health include that:

It is neither technically nor economically feasible to monitor every possible chemical, physical and microbiological parameter. Furthermore, indicator organisms such as E.Coli do not always correlate well with risks for viruses and protozoa, and

Contamination can occur between sampling events and be missed by the monitoring programme.

1.3.1 OPERATIONAL MONITORING

The objectives of operational monitoring are for Swartland Municipality to monitor each control measure in a timely manner to enable effective system management and to ensure that health-based targets are achieved. It also ensures that all the risks identified during the risk assessment process are adequately monitored and that the drinking water quality requirements as set out in SANS:241 are fully complied with. Appropriate data capturing and record keeping systems are in place to satisfy the requirements of the Water Services Act.

1.3.1.1 Routine Monitoring of Process Indicators (Monitoring Activity 1)

Operational monitoring of process indicators shall comply with the minimum requirement specified in SANS 241:2011 for characterising raw water quality, on-going levels of operational efficiency in a water treatment system and acceptable final water quality to the point of delivery, as summarised in Table 1.3.1.1 below.

Table 1.3.1.1.1:Minimum monitoring frequency for process indicators (SANS241-2:2011: Table 1)Determinand Intake Water Final Water Distribution System

Conductivity or total dissolved solids Daily Daily -pH value Daily Once per shift a FortnightlyTurbidity Daily Once per shift a FortnightlyDisinfectant residuals b Not applicable Once per shift a Fortnightly

E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) c Not applicable Weekly Fortnightly but dependent on population served d

Heterotrophic plate count c Not applicable Weekly FortnightlyTreatment chemicals Not applicable Weekly Fortnightlya: A shift is defined as an eight-hour work period.b: Disinfection shall be sustained at a value defined by the water services institution and water services intermediary throughout the

distribution system such that the water services institution and water services intermediary ensure that all microbiological indicators listed in SANS 241-1:2011, table 1, are achieved on a continuous basis.

c: If non-compliant with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1, implement corrective action and instigate immediate follow-up sampling at an increased sampling frequency.

These requirements may be relaxed to a monthly frequency for groundwater supply systems (due to the reduced variability of groundwater quality), provided that no health-related determinands are detected at levels exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1 during the risk assessment.

The minimum microbiological monitoring frequency (for E.Coli or faecal coliforms) within the distribution system shall comply with the requirements set out in Table 1.3.1.1.2 (from SANS 241:2011), provided that the Water Services Institution is able to provide appropriate assurance that the water complies with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1. The frequency of sampling in distribution networks should, however, also be dictated by the size and nature of the distribution network, variability of determinand results, as well as by the incidence pattern of consumer complaints (SANS 241:2011).


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Table 1.3.1.1.2: Minimum sample numbers for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in distribution systems (SANS 241-2:2011: Table 2)Population Served Total number of samples per month a - Minimum

< 5 000 25 000 – 100 000 1 per 5 000 head of population100 000 – 500 000 1 per 10 000 head of population> 500 000 1 per 20 000 head of populationa: During a rainy season, sampling should be carried out more frequently to ensure that all spatial and temporal risks are apparent

The parameters selected by Swartland Municipality for operational monitoring should ensure the following:

reflect the effectiveness of each control measure;

provide a timely indication of performance;

are readily measured; and

provide opportunity for an appropriate response.

A comprehensive Operational Sampling programme is implemented by the West Coast District Municipality at their two bulk WTWs. The sample programme is available on the BDS. The water quality results from operational monitoring are used as a trigger for immediate short – term corrective action to operational procedures, to improve drinking water quality. The current samples taken by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality, over and above the existing Operational Sampling programme at the bulk WTWs, are summarised in the table below.

Table 1.3.1.1.3: Current parameters sampled by the West Coast District Municipality and Swartland Municipality: Routine monitoring of Process Indicators

System Sampling Point Current Parameters Sampled(Number of samples and frequency)

Additional Proposed Parameters,(Number of samples and frequency)

Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth

Intake Paardenberg

- pH Daily

- Conductivity Daily

- Turbidity Daily

Final Water Paardenberg

- pH Daily

- Conductivity Morning and Afternoon

- Turbidity Morning and Afternoon

- E.Coli Weekly

Distribution Systems E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (3 Sample points, Three Monthly)

pH, Turbidity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (4 Samples, Monthly). 2 Sample points in Abbotsdale / Kalbaskraal and 2 sample points for Riverlands / Chatsworth

Moorreesburg Distribution System E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (2 Sample points, Monthly)

Adequately covered by the sampling done at the Withoogte WTW (West Coast District Municipality)

Koringberg Distribution SystempH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1 Sample point, Fortnightly)

-

Malmesbury Distribution SystempH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1 Sample point, Fortnightly)

pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (Further 3 Samples, Monthly)

Riebeek Wes Distribution System E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (1 Sample point, Monthly)

Adequately covered by the sampling done at the Swartland WTW (West Coast District Municipality)

Riebeek Kasteel Distribution System E.Coli and Total Coliform Count (1 Sample point, Monthly)

Adequately covered by the sampling done at the Swartland WTW (West Coast District Municipality)

Yzerfontein Distribution SystempH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1 Sample point, Fortnightly)

-

Darling Distribution SystempH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Free Chlorine, Total Coliform Count and E.Coli (1 Sample point, Fortnightly)

-


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The number of current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems of Swartland Municipality are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.3.1.1.4: Current and required sampling for E.Coli (or faecal coliforms) in the distribution systems

Distribution System

Population served

Required number of monthly samples(SANS 241-2:2011: Table 2)

See also Table 1.3.1.1.2.

Current microbiological samples taken by Swartland Municipality (SM) and the West

Coast District Municipality (WC DM)

Withoogte Bulk System

Moorreesburg 12 877 2.6 2 Sampling points, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling point monthly at Withoogte WTW (WC DM)

Koringberg 1 214 2 1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)Swartland Bulk System

Malmesbury 35 897 7 1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)

Riebeek Wes 4 605 2.1 1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 sampling point monthly at Swartland WTW (WC DM)

Riebeek Kasteel 4 761 2 1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 sampling point monthly at Swartland WTW (WC DM)

Yzerfontein 1 140 2 1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)

Darling 10 420 2.1 1 Sampling point, monthly (SM) and 1 Sampling point fortnightly (WC DM)

Swartland Bulk System, Perdeberg Dam and Three Riverlands BoreholesAbbotsdale 3 762 2 1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)Kalbaskraal 2 411 2 -Riverlands 1 726 2 1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)Chatsworth 2 326 2 1 Sampling point, three monthly (SM)

The Manager Trade Services (Ms Steenkamp) oversees the water quality results. Results of the analyses are submitted to Ms Steenkamp, who takes immediate action to rectify problems and / or improve operational aspects as and when may be required (Implementation of Emergency protocols). For serious failures an Incident Response Management Protocol is followed to ensure rapid remedying of the problems, which includes notification to DWA as may be necessary.

Examples of preventative and corrective actions for which operational procedures should be documented include the following:

Selection of an alternative raw water source if available (Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth);

Altering receiving flow rate (manage to ensure ability to supply demand);

Varying disinfection feed rates and feed points;

Adjusting filtration loading rate and / or operation;

Adjusting the frequency and manner of backwashing cycles of the filters;

Implementation of a filter evaluation and maintenance programme;

Increasing disinfectant dose; secondary / booster disinfection;

Mains flushing, cleaning and localised disinfection, and

Developing standard operating procedures for handling leakages and pipe breakages.


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1.3.1.2 Follow-up monitoring on the Water Quality Risk Assessment (Monitoring Activity 2)

The purpose of a Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is to obtain an overview of the ability of Water Services Institutions to meet the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1 on a sustained basis. Pending the nature of any hazards / risks identified, adequate monitoring of the identified hazards / risks needs to be maintained while the Water Services Institutions also puts in place the necessary corrective and verification measures. This is not a once-off process since the nature of risks could very as social, economic and environmental activities are subject to constant change. It is therefore required under the Blue Drop Certification Programme that a Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment is done on an annual basis; requiring that Monitoring Programmes would require amendment as informed by the Water Safety Planning Process.

The Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment plan should therefore include at least one full SANS 241 analysis per year and if any changes in the environment or process or delivery (or all) occur, at least monthly drinking water quality monitoring from source, through treatment and distribution, to the end user. The outcome of the risk assessment and the objectives of the monitoring programmes should further influence the design and implementation of the monitoring programmes.

SANS 241:2011 specifies that Monitoring Activity 2 requires additional monitoring of all determinands identified in the risk assessment that do not comply with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1. To ensure optimised functioning of infrastructure, determinands detected in the raw and final water that exceed the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1, shall be monitored at the frequencies indicated in Table 1.3.1.2.1 below.

Table 1.3.1.2.1: Frequency of analysis for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1 (SANS 241-2:2011: Table 3)

Risk Frequency Infrastructure Optimisation Infrastructure ChangeAcute Health - 1 Weekly

Ensure optimised functioning of infrastructure

If problem is not resolved, obtain necessary infrastructure

Acute Health - 2 Monthly

Chronic Health Monthly

Aesthetic Monthly

Operational Weekly

Risk-based monitoring for all determinands included under Monitoring Activity 2 is required to continue until the Water Services Institution can provide evidence that the risk posed by the identified determinand has reduced to an acceptable level.

The Drinking Water Quality Compliance Risk Assessment may be interpreted as follows:

If the determinand exceeds the numerical limit specified in SANS 241-1 in both the raw and final water: existing treatment infrastructure is not capable of removing the determinand.

If the determinand exceeding the numerical limit in the raw water is removed to the extent that it complies with SANS 241-1 in the final water: installed infrastructure is adequate to address the problem.

If both raw and final water comply with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241-1: risks are deemed negligible.


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The additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 for the period January 2012 to December 2012 (See Section 3) are as follows:

Table 1.3.1.2.2: Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 (January 2012 – December 2012)

Performance Indicator

Performance Indicator that was categorised as

unacceptableYes / No

(Table 4 of SANS 241-2:2011)

Number of

Samples% Sample

Compliance

Frequency of Additional Monitoring

due to failure

Withoogte FinalAcute Health – 1 Chemical No (Excellent) 3 100% N/AAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 23 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 37 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 70 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 65 100% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Good) 73 94.5% N/A

MoorreesburgAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Good) 22 95.5% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 22 95.5% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Excellent) 22 100% N/A

KoringbergAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 48 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 48 100% N/AOperational Efficiency Yes (Unacceptable), Turbidity 72 84.7% Weekly

Swartland FinalAcute Health – 1 Chemical No (Excellent) 3 100% N/AAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 37 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 69 98.6% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 66 100% N/AOperational Efficiency Yes (Good) 76 92.1% N/A

MalmesburyAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 36 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 48 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 60 100% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Excellent) 84 95.2% N/A

Riebeek WesAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 4 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 4 100% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Excellent) 4 100% N/A

Riebeek KasteelAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 8 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 8 100% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Excellent) 8 100% N/A

YzerfonteinAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 48 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 48 100% N/AOperational Efficiency Yes (Unacceptable), pH and 72 72.2% Weekly


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Table 1.3.1.2.2: Additional monitoring required by Swartland Municipality for determinands identified during the risk assessment exceeding the numerical limits in SANS 241-1:2011 (January 2012 – December 2012)

Performance Indicator

Performance Indicator that was categorised as

unacceptableYes / No

(Table 4 of SANS 241-2:2011)

Number of

Samples% Sample

Compliance

Frequency of Additional Monitoring

due to failure

TurbidityDarling

Acute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 36 100% N/AChronic Health No (Excellent) 24 100% N/AAesthetic No (Excellent) 48 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 60 100% N/AOperational Efficiency Yes (Unacceptable), Turbidity 84 89.3% Weekly

RiverlandsAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 4 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 4 100% N/AOperational Efficiency No (Excellent) 4 100% N/A

AbbotsdaleAcute Health – 1 Microbiological No (Excellent) 4 100% N/ARisk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) No (Excellent) 4 100% N/A

Operational Efficiency Yes (Unacceptable), Total Coliforms 4 50% Weekly

Chatsworth

Acute Health – 1 Microbiological Yes (Unacceptable), Total Coliforms and E.Coli 3 66.7% Weekly

Risk assessment defined Health (Acute or Chronic) Yes (Unacceptable), Total Coliforms and E.Coli 3 66.7% Weekly

Operational Efficiency Yes (Unacceptable), Total Coliforms and E.Coli 3 66.7% Weekly

The table below gives an overview of the five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism, physical or aesthetic property or chemical substance of potable water is normally classified.

Table 1.3.1.2.3: Five categories under which the risks posed by micro-organism, physical or aesthetic property or chemical substance of potable water is normally classified

Category Risk

Acute Health - 1 Routinely quantifiable determinand that poses an immediate unacceptable health risk if consumed with water at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.

Acute Health - 2Determinand that is presently not easily quantifiable and lacks information pertaining to viability and human infectivity which, however, does pose immediate unacceptable health risks if consumed with water at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.

AestheticDeterminand that taints water with respect to taste, odour and colour and that does not pose an unacceptable health risk if present at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.

Chronic Health Determinand that poses an unacceptable health risk if ingested over an extended period if present at concentration values exceeding the numerical limits specified in SANS 241.

Operational Determinand that is essential for assessing the efficient operation of treatment systems and risks from infrastructure

It is also important to note that all operational manuals of treatment unit processes such as chemical dosing, coagulation sedimentation, filtration, disinfection etc. should contain operational limits, monitoring programmes, verification procedures and pre-determined corrective actions.


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1.3.2 COMPLIANCE MONITORING

All compliance sampling is done by the West Coast District Municipality and the results are loaded onto DWA’s BDS. The Compliance Monitoring Programme of the West Coast District Municipality meets the requirements of DWA. The Compliance Monitoring Programme of the West Coast District Municipality is also available on the BDS. Compliance monitoring is the final check to ensure that the water delivered is safe to consume. The Swartland Municipality however also take some additional microbiological samples (Total Coliforms and E.Coli) at various points throughout the distribution network, which is tested at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point.

Monthly compliance sampling is done at the West Coast District Municipality’s Laboratory at the Withoogte WTW for the various distribution systems.

The Chemical Technician (Mr G Titus) of the West Coast District Municipality informs the Manager Water and the Superintendent Water (Messrs Faasen and Van der Merwe) immediately of any problems in terms of SANS:241 compliance once the test results are available, so that emergency protocols can be implemented, which include notifying Swartland Municipality if necessary.

The Chemical Technician ensures delivery of samples to the laboratory as soon as possible to ensure analysis within allowed time period.

Analyse for at least SANS 241 minimum requirements, which include the parameters as indicated on the Water Quality Sampling Results in Annexure C.

Bacteriological results are made available within 3 days (maximum).

Physical and chemical results are made available within 1 – 2 days (maximum).

Corrective actions were identified for each control measure and need to be adhered to as soon as critical limits have been exceeded. The corrective actions are an important component of the management aspects of the WSP and should be effective in restoring performance to acceptable levels when critical limits are exceeded.

Corrective actions must be supported by a contingency plan. This plan is a detailed management response to failures and will identify individual responsibilities and a time constraint for remedy (Section 1.5). The corrective actions identified by the WSP Team also include long term actions designed to prevent non-compliance and reduce the need for contingency plans to be re-actioned.

Monitoring data provide important feedback on how the water supply system is working and should be frequently assessed. Regularly assessed monitoring records are a necessary element of the WSP as they can be reviewed, through external and internal audit, to identify whether the controls are adequate and also to demonstrate adherence of the water system to the water quality targets. The strategies and procedures for monitoring the various aspects of the water supply system should be documented.

Monitoring plans should include the following:

Parameters to be monitored.Operational Monitoring: Parameters indicated on WTW flow diagrams in Annexure AB for the two West Coast District Municipality’s bulk WTWs.

Compliance Monitoring: Parameters as included in the water quality sample results in Annexure C.

Sampling location and frequencyOperational Monitoring: Location and frequency of samples indicated on the West Coast District Municipality’s WTW flow diagrams in Annexure AB.

Compliance Monitoring: Location and frequency of samples included in the water quality sample results in Annexure C. The information is also included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Sampling Programme, as included in Annexure AG.


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Sampling needs and equipmentOperational Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s Superintendent Water and the Chemical Technician ensure that adequate equipment is available at the WTWs for the operational monitoring.

Compliance Monitoring: The list of equipment and techniques used is summarised under Section 1.3.3.

Schedules for samplingOperational Monitoring: Existing schedules of the West Coast District Municipality are included in Annexure AG.

Compliance Monitoring: Existing schedules of the West Coast District Municipality are included in Annexure AG.

Methods for quality assurance and validation of sampling results.Operational Monitoring: The Chemical Technician of the West Coast District Municipality ensures that the correct techniques are used for the operational sampling and that the laboratory equipment is properly calibrated.

Compliance Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s laboratory participates in the Proficiency Testing programme (inter-laboratory study) and submits samples on a regular basis to the programme (SABS for chemical samples).

Responsibilities and necessary qualifications of staff.Operational Monitoring: The Superintendent Water of the West Coast District Municipality is responsible for the operation of the plants and for the taking of the necessary samples. The Supervisors and personnel at the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs and their qualifications are included in the table in Annexure E.

Compliance Monitoring: The sampling is done by the West Coast District Municipality’s Laboratory and some of the sampling is also sourced out to accredited external Laboratories (See list included under Section 1.4.1)

Requirements for documentation and management of records including how monitoring of results will be recorded and stored.Operational Monitoring: The West Coast District Municipality’s records are currently documented and managed at each of the WTWs and then it is given through to the Superintendent Water who record and store the data at the Withoogte WTW. The Swartland Municipality’s own records of the chlorine dosing at the two disinfection plants are recorded and stored at the two disinfection plants.

Compliance Monitoring: The Sampling done at external Laboratories by the West Coast District Municipality is given through to the Chemical Technician (Mr Garnet Titus) at the Withoogte WTW, who store and record the data and also load the data onto the BDS.

Requirements for reporting and communication of results.Operational Monitoring: Records of the West Coast District Municipality are reported and communicated to the Superintendent Water and the Chemical Technician by the various WTW’s Supervisors.

Compliance Monitoring: Results are reported to the DWA by the West Coast District Municipality, through the BDS. The compliance results are also given through to Swartland Municipality by the West Coast District Municipality.

The Municipal Health Services of the West Coast District Municipality also report monthly to the Department of Environmental Health on water quality. The EHPs of the West Coast District Municipality therefore also take water quality samples in the West Coast Region.


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1.3.3 METHODS USED FOR SAMPLING

Sampling of the water quality at the various WTWs and throughout the distribution systems is done according to standard sampling practices and methods. The equipment and techniques used for sampling by the West Coast District Municipality is included under Annexure AG. The samples are transported to the Withoogte WTW, where it is tested at the West Coast District Municipality’s own Laboratory.

1.4 CREDIBILITY AND SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY DATA

1.4.1 TESTING LABORATORY AND ACCREDITATION

Microbiological Water Quality Compliance samples, taken by the Swartland Municipality, are analysed at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The accreditation of the Laboratory is as follows:

National Health Laboratory Service (Green Point): Microbiological and SANS 241 Operational Tests

West Coast District Municipality: Water samples taken by the West Coast District Municipality are analysed in the Municipality’s own Laboratory at Withoogte WTW. The laboratory is a well-equipped laboratory with wet-chemistry (titrations for alkalinity and other determinations) and discrete analysis bench-top instruments (meters), of which the spectrophotometer forms the main component. The analytical methods and equipment used in performing the water quality analyses are included in Annexure AG.

The laboratory is managed by Mr Garnet Titus who has vast experience in analytical chemistry, quality control and data management. The laboratory participates in the following Proficiency Testing programmes and submits samples on a regular basis to the programme:

Proficiency Testing Programme of the National Health Laboratory Service – Microbiological

Proficiency Testing Programme of SABS (Part 3) - Chemical

The Certificate for Participation in the programme (SABS) is included in Annexure AH, together with the scoring sheets. According to the programme rating system, a score of less than 2 is satisfactory, between 2 and 3 is questionable, and a score of more that 3 is unsatisfactory.

The other Accredited Laboratories used by the West Coast District Municipality for sample analysis and their registration certificates, as loaded onto the BDS, are included in Annexure AH. The Laboratories are summarised below:

CSIR Consulting and Analytical Services: Chemical Health and SANS 241 Operational Tests - Total Trihalomethanes, Phenols, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Water Lab (Pty): Microbiological, Chemical, Physical, Organoleptic and SANS 241 Operational Tests.

National Health Laboratory Service (Green Point): Microbiological and SANS 241 Operational Tests

1.4.2 TRAINING AND CONTROL MEASURES TO ENSURE SAMPLING CREDIBILITY

On completion of the compliance analysis of the water samples by the NHLS, the results are given through to the Manager Trade Services. Any water quality samples that do not comply with the target values (corresponding to the requirements of SANS241) are noted, and the Area Superintendent Water Works is informed. The Superintendent then contacts the relevant worker of the relevant disinfection plant or distribution system to inform them of the non-compliance, and the reason for this should be investigated and reported on. When this done (either verbally or in writing), the Manager Trade Services then draws up an Incident Report, containing all the details on time and location of the incident, reason for its occurrence, and actions that were taken to rectify or remedy the situation. Also included is “Recommended Steps to Prevent a Recurrence”, which contributes to the continuous strive towards improving the performance and compliance of the water quality.


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When there is a failure on the distribution system it is checked against the register of pipe breaks, in order to determine whether it could be as a result of a pipe break. A follow-up sample is also immediately taken in order to verify the test result. The same procedures as explained above is further followed.

The Area Superintendent Water Works ensures that the chlorine sampling equipment is regularly checked, in order to ensure that the dosing rates are correct and that the dosing process is not “contaminated” by faulty instruments. Field instruments used for checking physical properties must always be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s manual before any water sample is collected. Buffer solutions are required for correct calibration and to ensure accuracy of measurements.

1.4.3 SUBMISSION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY RESULTS

All compliance data and information related to water services are required to be submitted to the DWA as per Section 62 of the Water Services Act (Act No. 108 of 1997). The act requires all Water Services Institutions (WSIs) to furnish all such information as required by the Minister. All the compliance sample results, as analysed by the West Coast District Municipality are therefore loaded on a monthly basis onto DWA’s BDS.

Samples are also taken on a monthly basis by the EHPs of the West Coast District Municipality. Monthly reports of the Municipal Health Services of the West Coast District Municipality reflect the monitoring and evaluation results of the samples taken in the West Coast Region and are given through to the Local Municipalities.

1.5 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

1.5.1 WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

An Incident Management Protocol (IMP) must exist to guide the Water Services Institution’s response to resolution and communication of drinking water quality failures (as defined according to the latest version of SANS 241). The objective of an IMP is to ensure that the failures are dealt with and are managed in an efficient and effective manner, using a consultative and transparent approach. The Water Services Act (No.108 of 1997) states that Water Services Institutions must take reasonable steps in an emergency situation to address incidents and to minimise the health risks.

Effective management therefore involves actions to be taken in response to variations that occur during “normal” operating conditions and “incident” situations where the loss of a control system may occur and of procedures to follow in unforeseen and emergency situations. These management procedures are an integral part of the WSP. Swartland Municipality is committed to update these procedures as necessary, particularly in light of implementation of the Improvement / Upgrade Plan and reviews of incidents, emergencies and near misses. Management plans should be documented alongside system assessment, monitoring plans, supporting programmes and communication required to ensure safe operating of the system.

Natural disasters such as floods and manmade incidents can significantly disrupt and impact on the quality of water services thus posing a significant health risk to consumers. Emergency response plans should clearly specify responsibilities for co-ordinating measures to be taken, a communication plan to inform / alert users of supply and plans for providing / distributing emergency supplies of water. Key areas to be addressed in emergency response plans include the following:

Response actions – including increased monitoring.

Plans for emergency water supplies in order to ensure safe drinking water for the duration of the problem.

Roles and responsibilities of individuals and organizations are clearly outlined to avoid miscommunication and duplication of effort.

Communication strategies and protocols including notification procedures to alert and inform users of the supply and other stakeholders, with staff contact details (internal, regulatory body, media, public, emergency services), in order to ensure that all stakeholders are kept fully informed.

Mechanisms for increased public health surveillance.


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Responsibilities for coordinating measures to be taken in an emergency.

Training to ensure that employees have the skills and knowledge to effectively manage any potential incident and/or emergency.

A programme to review and revise documentation as required.

The goal of Water and Safety Management Procedures is to highlight the procedures / protocols implemented and adhered to by Swartland Municipality and forms part of Swartland Municipality’s Incident Management Protocol.

The aim of this section of the WSP is to highlight the main requirements for effective drinking-water quality management and associated response procedures to emergencies / incidents arising from drinking-water quality related failures.

Table 1.5.1.1: Actions for various risk categoriesRisk Category Action

Low risk Swartland Municipality will be able to resolve the issue internally without the need to communicate to external parties.

Minor risk Swartland Municipality will communicate potential issues to the West Coast District Municipality and possible vulnerable groups (e.g. clinics) and the DWA.

Major risk

Swartland Municipality will communicate potential issues to vulnerable groups (e.g. clinics), DWA and ensure that the Emergency Task Team (ETT) is activated. The duties of the ETT include the management of the emergency, the coordination of activities, role allocation to stakeholders and reporting. The West Coast Disaster Management Advisory Forum will coordinate and manage the compilation of the ETT.

Table 1.5.1.2: Possible Representatives on the ETTOrganisation Contact Person Telephone Number Cell Number

West Coast Disaster Management Unit Suretha Visser 022 – 433 8700 078 200 6574West Coast Director Technical Services H Matthee 022 – 433 8400 072 723 0529West Coast District Mun’s Manager Water Nic Faasen 022 – 433 2352 082 557 7686West Coast District Mun’s Superintendent Water Ben van der Merwe 022 – 433 2352 083 668 6087West Coast District Mun’s Chemical Technician Garnet Titus 022 – 433 2352 083 347 1531Swartland Municipality Louis Zikman 022 – 487 9400 082 771 4008DWA’s Regional Office Zanele Mapatwana 021 – 941 6243 079 511 3165Department of Health Johan Goosen 022 - 709 5065 082 435 0728West Coast Senior Environmental Health Practitioner Pierre Le Roux 022 - 433 8400 082 567 7612Manager Social Development Melonice Blanckenberg 022 – 433 8501

A Disaster Management Plan for the West Coast Region is in place, which confirms the arrangements for managing disaster risk and for preparing for- and responding to disasters within the West Coast Region as required by the Disaster Management Act. The West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management Structure and Disaster Response Flowchart are included in Annexure AI. The types of disasters that might occur within the area of the West Coast District Municipality are summarised in the table below:

Table 1.5.1.3: Risks included in the West Coast District Municipality’s Disaster Management PlanRisks requiring risk

reduction plans Risks requiring preparedness plans Priority Risks

Fire , Drought, Road Accidents, Wind, HIV / Aids, TB

Fire, Drought, Floods, Storms, Wind Diseases such as HIV/Aids, TB, Cholera, Diptheria,

Haemorrhagic Fever, Typhus Fever, Typhoid, Dysentry, Polio, Plague, Meningitis, Measles, Rabies, Anthrax, Food poisoning

Red tide, Aircraft crash, Storm surges, Hazardous Installations, Road accidents, Hazmat incidents: Road, Rail and Sea, Air pollution, Water pollution, Land degradation, Deforestation, Desertification, Tornado

Fire, Drought, Severe Weather (Storms, Wind, Rain), Hazardous Materials Incidents, Communicable diseases / Health


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The following protocols will also be implemented by Swartland Municipality, depending on the type of water quality failure.

Proposed Disinfection Optimization Protocol

The Area Superintendent Water Works oversees the Paardenberg Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants at Paardenberg and Riverlands and should check the free chlorine residual values at the various sampling points.

The Area Superintendent Water Works should compare the results with the recommended free chlorine residual values and needs to inform the Manager Trade Services immediately if the free chlorine residual values are too low or too high.

The Area Superintendent ensure immediate implementation of remedial measures (adjust chlorine dosing – e.g. increase or lower the chlorine gas dosage).

The Area Superintendent needs to provide a summary of measured free chlorine residual values to the Manager Trade Services on a regular basis.

The Manager Trade Services needs to review the effectiveness and determine appropriate further interventions.

Proposed Turbidity Failure Response Protocol

The Manager Trade Services immediately informs the Area Superintendent Water Works if complaints were received with regard to excessive turbidity.

The Area Superintendent Water Works investigates the source / cause of the turbidity in the affected area and apply remedial measures such as cleaning of filters or replacing filter sand, network flushing, etc.

Following remedial measures, the Area Superintendent Water Works gives feedback to the Manager Trade Services whether the issue was resolved. The Manager Trade Services decides whether additional sampling is necessary.

The Area Superintendent Water Works needs to provide a summary of turbidity failures to the Manager Trade Services on a regular basis.

The Manager Trade Services needs to review the effectiveness and determine appropriate further interventions (e.g. pipe replacement programme, etc.)

The DWA DWQ Framework (2007) has identified alert levels based on the public health risk and aesthetic quality to respond to acute drinking water failure. The three Alert Levels adopted by Swartland Municipality to respond to acute drinking water quality failures are as follows:

Alert Level I (Drinking Water Incident – no significant risk to health): Routine problems including minor disruptions to the water system and single sample non-compliances.

Alert Level II (Drinking Water Failure – potential minor risk to health): Minor emergencies, requiring additional sampling, process optimisation and reporting / communication of the problem.

Alert Level III (Drinking Water Emergency – potential major risk to health): Major emergencies requiring significant interventions to minimize public health risk (Engagement of a designated Emergency Task Team).


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The two tables that follow summarise the proposed protocols for the following two incidents:

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Health Related Drinking Water Quality Incidents

The Manager Trade Services will provide a monthly summary of bacteriological failures to the Manager Water and Sanitation and how they were addressed / resolved. The Manager Water and Sanitation will review the effectiveness and determine appropriate further interventions.

Proposed Incident Management Protocol for Aesthetic Drinking Water Quality Incidents

These two protocols are also presented graphically in Annexure AI.


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Table 1.5.1.4: PROPOSED INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR HEALTH RELATED DRINKING WATER QUALITY INCIDENTSClassification

of IncidentWater Quality Constituent and

Concentration Health Implication / Risk Incident Management

Required Response

TimeAction

Alert Level I

1 E.Coli per 100 ml 1 - 10 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml 10 - 50 Total Coliforms per 100 ml Any health-related physical or

chemical result that exceeds the upper limit of SANS 241: 2011

Insignificant chance of infection. Very slight risk of viral infection with

continuous exposure. Insignificant risk to health – suitable for

lifetime consumptionInternal

Within 24 hrs of result

release

Communicate out-of-range result to relevant municipal staff; Assess associated information and implement corrective action to

rectify the incident or resample to confirm result if required; If resample result confirms the initial result, implement corrective

action to rectify the incident; If resample result exceeds the concentrations specified in Alert

Level I, proceed to Alert Level II.

Alert Level II

2 – 10 E.Coli per 100 ml 10 - 50 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml 50 - 100 Total Coliforms per 100 ml Turbidity result > 5 NTU

Clinical infections unlikely in healthy adults, but may occur in sensitive groups.

Low risk of viral infection with continuous exposure.

Low risk of protozoan parasite infection. Indirect associated impacts on health

through the shielding of bacteria from disinfection.

Internal & External

Same day as result release

Request additional monitoring as required (both spatially and increased frequency) to establish the source of the contamination and the risk to public health;

Assess treatment process efficiency and implement corrective action to optimize the treatment process;

Communicate the drinking water failure and health risk to the relevant municipal staff, West Coast DM, DWA and the DoH;

If any additional sample results exceed concentrations specified in Alert Level II, proceed to Alert Level III.

Alert Level III

> 10 E.Coli per 100 ml > 50 Faecal Coliforms per 100 ml > 100 Total Coliforms per 100 ml

Clinical infections common, even with once-off consumption.

Significant and increasing risk of infectious disease transmission.

Significant risk of protozoan parasite infection.

Significant risk to human health – maximum allowable limits exceeded.

Internal & External Immediate

Engage Emergency Task Team; Communicate drinking water emergency and health risk to

relevant municipal staff, West Coast DM, DG of DWA, head of provincial DoH;

Continue additional monitoring and extend to the distribution system and point-of-use to establish the source and extent of the incident and the risk to public health;

Assess the communities at risk and the need for an alternate water supply;

Communicate drinking water emergency to community; Implement specialist process assessment and optimisation of the

drinking water supply system from catchment to consumer; Phase out additional monitoring once the source of the incident

has been identified and rectified and two consecutive results have been within specification;

Prepare notifications advising of the end of the emergency; Assess required preventative action to reduce the likelihood of the

incident recurring; Prepare a report to document and close the incident; Review and update Incident Management Protocol; Retrain staff on revised Incident Management Protocol.


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Table 1.5.1.5: PROPOSED INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL FOR AESTHETIC DRINKING WATER QUALITY INCIDENTSClassification of

IncidentWater Quality Constituent and

Concentration Health Implication / Risk Incident Management

Required Response Time Action

Alert Level I (Incident)

Iron 0.2 – 1.0 mg/l Manganese 0.1 – 0.4 mg/l

Moderate unpleasant tastes / odours.

Slight taste and colour, slight staining of white clothes.

Slight taste and colour, moderate staining of clothes and fixtures.

Internal Within 24 hrs of result release

Communicate out-of-range result to relevant municipal staff; Assess associated information and implement corrective

action to rectify the incident or resample to confirm result if required;

If resample result confirms the initial result, implement corrective action to rectify the incident;

If resample result exceeds the concentrations specified in Alert Level I, proceed to Alert Level II.

Alert Level II (Failure)

Iron 1.1 – 2.0 mg/l Manganese 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l

Moderate unpleasant tastes / odours.

Moderate taste and colour, moderate staining of white clothes.

Moderate taste and colour, increasing staining of clothes and fixtures.

Internal & External Same day as result release

Request additional monitoring as required (both spatially and increased frequency) to establish the source of the contamination and the aesthetic impact;

Assess treatment process efficiency and implement corrective action to optimize the treatment process;

Communicate the drinking water failure and aesthetic impact to the relevant municipal staff;

If any additional sample results exceed concentrations specified in Alert Level II, proceed to Alert Level III.

Alert Level III (Emergency)

Iron > 2 mg/l Manganese > 1 mg/l

Objectionable and increasing unpleasant tastes / odours.

Objectionable taste and appearance, staining of clothes.

Off-putting taste and appearance, severe staining of clothes and fixtures

Internal & External Immediate

Continue additional monitoring and extend to the distribution system and point-of-use to establish the source and extent of the incident and the aesthetic impact;

Communicate aesthetic drinking water emergency to community;

Implement specialist process assessment and optimization of the drinking water supply system from catchment to consumer;

Phase out additional monitoring once the source of the incident has been identified and rectified and two consecutive results have been within specification;

Prepare notifications advising of the end of the aesthetic drinking water emergency;

Assess required preventative action to reduce the likelihood of the incident recurring;

Prepare a report to document and close the incident; Review and update Incident Management Protocol; Retrain staff on revised Incident Management Protocol.


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Drinking Water Quality Complaints Procedure

All complaints are logged and recorded through the Municipality’s Complaints System.

Proposed Management Communications

The Manager Trade Services needs to include a monthly summary of the following in their Water Quality Management Report to Council and for top management (short memo – 1 page).

Disinfection failures

Turbidity failures

Bacteriological failures

Other physical and chemical failures

Consumer complaints

The Manager Water and Sanitation needs to discuss the memo with the Council on a monthly basis for top management action.

The IMP must be aligned to the communication requirements stipulated in the Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water under Section 9 of the Water Services Act. The Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water states that a Water Services Institution must ensure that a Drinking Water Quality Advisory is issued within 12 hours of confirmation of drinking water quality failure:

A Drinking Water Quality Advisory must be issued when analysis results indicates a health risk associated with the domestic use of the sampled water. The Drinking Water Quality Advisory must specify the nature of the risk presented; indicate rectification measures taken by the Water Services Institution and indicate risk minimization measure to be taken by the public.

A Boil Water Notice should be issued when the quality of drinking water poses a risk which can be adequately addressed by boiling the water in accordance with the notice, prior to human consumption.

A Do Not Use Water Notice should be issued when there is a risk which cannot be adequately mitigated by means of domestic treatment.

The Manager Trade Services needs to ensure that evidence of adherence to the requirements of this protocol be recorded, preferably in the form of an Incident Register as summarised in Table 1.5.1.6 below.

Table 1.5.1.6: Example of Drinking Water Quality Incident Register

Trigger Sample Point

Nature of Incident Risk Rating Corrective Action Communication

of failureReference

Documents

Laboratory reported E.Coli

Failure

High Level

Reservoir

9 E.Coli per 100 ml recorded on 24 May 2011

Alert Level 2 – Moderate Risk

Laboratory informed Operations, Water Quality Advisory issued, additional chlorine dosed,

resampled on 26, 28 and 30 Jun 2011. All

resample results 0 E.Coli per 100 ml

Failure, corrective action

and resample results

communicated to WSA

Manager, DWA and DoH.

Water Quality Advisory and evidence of

communication stored on

network drive.

Following any emergency, an investigation should be undertaken and all individuals involved in the WSP should be updated and a discussion of the performance of the WSP and issues or concerns must be addressed.


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The investigation should consider factors such as the following:

What was the initiating cause of the problem?

Was the hazard already identified in the WSP risk assessment?

How was the problem first identified or recognised?

What were the most essential actions required and were they carried out?

If relevant, was appropriate and timely action taken to warn consumers and protect their health?

What communication problems arose and how they were addressed?

What were the immediate and long term consequences of the emergency?

How well did the emergency response plan work?

2. DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

2.1 COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION – WORKS CLASSIFICATION

2.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS

A Rapid Gravity Sand Filter is used to treat the surface water supplied from the Perdeberg Dam. The water is also disinfected before it is distributed to Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands and Chatsworth. A further three boreholes in Riverlands are also used as additional supply for Riverlands and Kalbaskraal. The groundwater is disinfected, before it is blended with the other potable water and distributed to the consumers in Riverlands and Kalbaskraal respectively.

West Coast District Municipality’s bulk WTWs:

Withoogte WTW: Raw water is pumped from the Berg River (Misverstand Weir) to the Raw Water Storage Reservoir at Withoogte, from where the water gravitates to the WTW. The corrosion effect of the water is stabilised by the addition of lime, which also causes the pH to rise. The functioning of the Flocculants is better at a higher pH. The precipitate formed due to the turbidity being removed by flash mixing with the flocculants, settles out in the settling tank. From the settling tank the water gravitates through the sand filter where excess turbidity is removed. The last phase of the purification process is to disinfect the final water with chlorine. The final water gravitates to the storage reservoir before being pumped into the distribution network. The sludge, which is drawn off from the settling tanks, gravitates to the sludge dams. The overflow water from the sludge dams is recovered by re-circulation back to the inlet works. The unit processes incorporated in the WTW is presented graphically on the schematic layouts included in Annexure AB.

Swartland WTW: Raw water gravitates from the Voëlvlei dam through a canal to the Swartland WTW, from where the raw water is pumped into the WTW. The corrosion effect of the water is stabilised by the addition of lime, which also causes the pH to rise. The functioning of the Flocculants is better at a higher pH. The precipitate formed due to the turbidity being removed by flash mixing with the flocculants, settles out in the settling tank. From the settling tank the water gravitates through the sand filter where excess turbidity is removed. The last phase of the purification process is to disinfect the final water with chlorine. The final water gravitates to the storage reservoir before being pumped into the distribution network. The sludge, which is drawn off from the settling tanks, gravitates to the sludge dams. A pipeline was also recently constructed to recover the overflow water from the sludge dams and to re-circulate the water back to the inlet works. The unit processes incorporated in the WTW is presented graphically on the schematic layouts included in Annexure AB.

2.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATER TREATMENT WORKS

The classification certificates of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs are included in Annexure B.


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2.2 COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION – PROCESS CONTROLLER REGISTRATION

96.5% of Swartland Municipality’s 2011/2012 total water demand for all their systems was supplied by the West Coast District Municipality, 3.1% from the Perdeberg Dam and 0.4% from the Riverlands boreholes. The Municipality does not operate any WTW. It is only the Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants, which is operated by the Operational Personnel.

Training of personnel: The knowledge, skills, motivation and commitment of staff involved in the management of drinking water quality are the most important factors that determine the ability of Swartland Municipality to deliver safe and reliable water. Training of all staff involved in water supply services on matters related to treatment processes and quality monitoring and control is essential because their actions (or failure to act) will have a major impact on the well-being of the communities.

The training provided by Swartland Municipality to their Operational Personnel over the last few years was as follows:

COMPLETE

2.3 AVAILABILITY OF SIGNED INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE LOGBOOKS

The existing control measure sheets of Swartland Municipality are included in Annexure AJ. A reliable logbook needs to be kept at the filtration plant and at each of the disinfection plants where the operational personnel can record events and data for the site, including water quality and quantity, treatment chemicals used and incidents. When incidents occur, the logbook is required to record the nature of the incident and any corrective and / or preventative action taken and the incident is required to be signed off by the Area Superintendent Water Works. A representative from the Municipality’s management is also required to sign the logbook to verify the effectiveness of the corrective and / or preventative action taken.

The minimum requirements for the Logbooks at the Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants and the inspection sheets for the reservoirs and distribution systems are as follows:

Daily recordings of water quality at the filtration plant (raw and final);

Chemical dosing rates, chemical usage and chemical stock levels;

Equipment failures and repairs (Maintenance Work), and

Incidents

Information on the volume of water received from the West Coast District Municipality, the volume of water supplied from the Municipality’s own water resources and the potable supply from the various reservoirs are recorded through the Municipality’s telemetry system.

When incidents occur, the following information is required to be recorded in the logbook.

Date of incident;

Site of incident;

Staff member who identified the incident;

Details of non-conformance;

Corrective and Preventative action taken;

Signature by Area Superintendent Water Works, and

Close-out signature by Manager Trade Services

An example of one of the existing Incident Reports of Swartland Municipality is included in Annexure AJ. The information captured in the report include the Reference Number, Date and Time Reported, Reported By, Location, Town, Incident Type, Incident Description, Captured By, Allocation To, Attended from Date and Time, Attended to Date and Time and Status.


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3. DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE

The Compliance Sampling results of the West Coast District Municipality are uploaded onto the BDS by the District Municipality. Hard copies of all the operational and compliance sampling results are also available. Microbiological compliance samples are also taken by Swartland Municipality and tested at the National Health Laboratory Service in Green Point. The Compliance Sample results for the various distribution systems are included in Annexure C.

The population served through the various distribution systems are included in Table 1.1.2.8 under Section 1.1.2.

3.1 COMPLIANCE PER DETERMINAND

The summary of the compliance per determinand for all the determinands included in the Municipality’s Compliance Monitoring Programme is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems.

3.2 RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINED HEALTH INDEX

The summary of the compliance of all determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated health effect is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems. Table 3.2.1 below gives a summary of the performance of the various distribution systems, categorised according to the percentage of samples complying with SANS 241 (Categorization according to SANS 241-2:2011 Table 4).

Table 3.2.1: Health categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to December 2012)

Distribution System

Acute Health – 1 Chemical (% of

Samples Complying)

Acute Health – 1 Microbiological (% of Samples Complying)

Chronic Health (% of Samples Complying)

Risk Assessment Defined Health (Acute or Chronic) (%

of Samples Complying)

Sulphate, Nitrate & Nitrite Nitrogen E. Coli Type - 1

Fluoride, Iron, Manganese, Free

Chlorine, Chloroform, Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane,

Bromoform

Sulphate, Nitrate & Nitrite, Fluoride, Iron, Manganese,

Potassium, Magnesium, Free Chlorine, Chloroform,

Bromodichloromethane, Dibromochloromethane,

BromoformWithoogte Final Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Moorreesburg Excellent (100%) (1) Good (95.5%) Excellent (100%) (1) Excellent (95.5%)Koringberg - Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Swartland Final Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Malmesbury - Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Riebeek Wes Excellent (100%) (2) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) (2) Excellent (100%)Riebeek Kasteel Excellent (100%) (2) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) (2) Excellent (100%)Yzerfontein - Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Darling - Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%) Excellent (100%)Riverlands - Excellent (100%) - Excellent (100%)Abbotsdale - Excellent (100%) - Excellent (100%)Chatsworth - Unacceptable (66.7%) - Unacceptable (66.7%)

Note: 1) Compliance percentages as measured at the Withoogte WTW2) Compliance percentages as measured at the Swartland WTW


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3.3 OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY INDEX

The summary of the compliance of all determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated aesthetic and operational effect is included in Annexure C for each of the distribution systems. Table 3.2.2 below gives a summary of the performance of the various distribution systems, categorised according to the percentage of samples complying with SANS 241 (Categorization according to SANS 241-2:2011 Table 4).

Table 3.3.1: Aesthetic and operational categorisation of the various distribution systems (Period January 2012 to December 2012)

Distribution System

Aesthetic (% of Samples Complying) Operational (% of Samples Complying)Conductivity, Turbidity, Colour, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium,

Zinc, Chloride, Sulphate, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammonia Nitrogen, Iron, Manganese, Phenols

pH, Turbidity, Calcium, Potassium, Aluminium, Total Coliform Count

Withoogte Final Excellent (100%) Good (94.5%)Moorreesburg Excellent (100%)(1) Excellent (100%)Koringberg Excellent (100%) Unacceptable (84.7%)Swartland Final Excellent (98.6%) Good (92.1%)Malmesbury Excellent (100%) Excellent (95.2%)Riebeek Wes Excellent (98.6%) (2) Excellent (100%)Riebeek Kasteel Excellent (98.6%) (2) Excellent (100%)Yzerfontein Excellent (100%) Unacceptable (72.2%)Darling Excellent (100%) Unacceptable (89.3%)Riverlands - Excellent (100%)Abbotsdale - Unacceptable (50%)Chatsworth - Unacceptable (66.7%)

Note: 1) Compliance percentages as measured at the Withoogte WTW2) Compliance percentages as measured at the Swartland WTW

4. MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY AND LOCAL REGULATION

4.1 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

Signature of key documents and the Water Safety Plan in particular, indicates acceptance of the specified risk priorities and commitment to the implementation of the associated Improvement Plans. Management commitment is also required to be demonstrated by allocation of adequate human and financial resources to drinking water quality management. Evidence of budgets as well as expenditure per financial year is required to ensure that the money committed to improvement of the drinking water system was actually spent. The table below gives a summary of the management commitment of Swartland Municipality for the various key documents and processes

Table 4.1.1: Management commitment for the various key documents and processesKey Documents Status of Document Name and Surname Position Signature

Updated WSDP Will be done during second part of 2013 Louis Zikman Manager Water and

SanitationWater Services Audit for

2011/2012Was finalised and taken to Council with Annual Report Louis Zikman Manager Water and

SanitationWater Safety Plan (Incl. Improvement / Upgrade

Plan

Part of Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report Esmari Steenkamp Manager Trade

Services

Control Sheets(Annexure AJ)

Part of Blue Water Services Performance Audit Report Johan Balie Area Superintendent

Water Works

Operation and Maintenance Budget

In place for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 Louis Zikman Manager Water and

Sanitation


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4.2 PUBLICATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE

Swartland Municipality realises the importance of good communication with their consumers to whom they provide potable water through their various distribution systems. Swartland Municipality therefore understands the importance of involving community members on a regular basis and not only when there is a crisis. Community Members should be made aware of safe handling of water, hygienic sanitation practices and how to conserve and not misuse water. Good communication ensures consumer trust and confidence.

Total transparency is therefore one of the main objectives when public notifications are distributed by Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality. High on the list of priorities in these communications and the Water Monitoring Committee Meetings is regular communication on water quality and in particular how efficient the water treatment plants performs and whether the required standards are met. Efficient groundwater management is also one of the other key priorities discussed during these meetings by the West Coast District Municipality. The water quality compliance publications issued by the West Coast District Municipality for their bulk water distribution systems are included in Annexure D.

Swartland Municipality can also make use of the following media for further communication with the public on water quality issues: the municipality’s website, newsletters accompanying the bills and the local newspapers. The Municipality can also make information available to the learners at the local schools, so that they can learn about the importance of effective water quality management.

Water quality results are also included in Swartland Municipality’s WSDP and Water Services Audit Report. Swartland Municipality review their WSDP regularly and compile annually a Water Services Audit Report. The WSDP is made available to the public and various other stakeholders for their comments and all comments made are considered when preparing the final WSDP. The WSDP and Water Services Audit Reports are public documents with various sections addressing water quality management.

Involving the public at every stage means:

Making monitoring results or summaries available and easily accessible, such as on the Internet or via newsletters and public fora;

Notifying the public about risks to their health and what the WSA is doing to address the risks;

Issuing regular reports about drinking water systems, including improvements and areas that need further attention;

Educating the public on a number of issues, including: the benefits of disinfection over the risks of microbiological contamination and disease, the difference between health-related and aesthetic drinking water quality failures and the true cost of providing safe drinking water;

Incorporating public consultations into decision-making processes which affect public health, including the development process for new guidelines and regulations, and

Education about water resource protection and conservation issues.

Section 18 of the Water Services Act stipulates the following with regard to the Water Services Audit.

A WSA must report on the implementation of its development plan during each financial year.

The report must be made available within four months after the end of each financial year; and must be given to the Minister, the Minister for Provincial and Local Government, the Member of the Executive Council responsible for local government in the relevant province and all the organisations representing municipalities having jurisdiction in the area of the WSA.

The WSA must publicise a summary of its report.


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A copy of the report and of its summary must be available for inspection at the offices of the WSA; and obtainable against payment of a nominal fee.

4.3 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS / PERFORMANCE AGREEMENTS

There must always be a written agreement between the WSA and the Bulk Water Services Provider that meets all the necessary requirements as laid out in Section 19(5) of the Water Services Act (Act No.108 of 1997) and the Municipal Systems Act (No.32 of 2000).

DWA’s minimum requirements for Service Level Agreements are as follows:

A written contract between the WSA and the Water Services Provider, signed by both parties and specifying:

Agreed volume of water to be provided on a daily basis;

water quality monitoring and compliance arrangements;

operation and maintenance specifications and

duration of the contract

When the WSA is also the Provider, copies of Performance Agreements are also required.

Swartland Municipality has got a comprehensive Performance Management System in place. The SDBIP is the process plan and performance indicator / evaluation for the execution of the budget. The SDBIP is being used as a management, implementation and monitoring tool that assists and guide the Executive Mayor, Councillors, Municipal Manager, Senior Managers and the community. The plan serves as an input to the performance agreements of the Municipal Manager and Directors. It also forms the basis for the monthly, quarterly, mid-year and the annual assessment report and performance assessments of the Municipal Manager and Directors.

A Service Delivery Agreement between the West Coast District Municipality and Saldanha Bay Municipality, Swartland Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality is in place. A Monitoring Committee with the following powers and functions was also established:

To co-ordinate integrated development planning in respect of the services;

To monitor the performance of the District Municipality in respect of service levels;

To monitor the implementation of this agreement;

To provide a forum for the local municipalities to interact with the District Municipality;

To accept delivery, on behalf of the Local Municipalities, of reports which the District Municipality is required to produce in terms of this agreement;

To consider and make recommendations to the District Municipality on the District Municipality’s high level budget and key performance indicators and targets;

In consultation with the District Municipality, to handle, manage and make recommendations to the parties in respect of any matter related to the services which is not dealt with by this agreement;

To ensure that the expenses incurred by the District Municipality in respect of the services do not exceed the amount allocated therefore in the District Municipality’s annual budget;

To formulate a written document that records the rules and procedures, which will be binding on itself, regulating the manner and legislative obligations, powers and functions to the Monitoring Committee.


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Quality of supply and service: The obligations on the West Coast District Municipality are to deliver the services to particular standards of supply and service and to report on the extent of its compliance with those standards. Accordingly the District Municipality must comply with the standards of supply and service, including reporting obligations relating to those standards; and provide the Local Municipalities with a report in relation to those standards on a three (3) monthly basis, or at such other intervals as may be agreed by the parties in writing.

The Service Level Agreement between Swartland Municipality and the West Coast District Municipality is included in Annexure D.

5. DRINKING WATER ASSET MANAGEMENT

5.1 ANNUAL PROCESS AUDIT

To ensure that the existing filtration plant, disinfection plants and water distribution networks of Swartland Municipality functions optimally and produces treated water that comply with the requirements of SANS 241 on a continuous basis, it is necessary to ensure that three important aspects are checked on a regular basis:

Condition of infrastructure

Correct and sustainable functioning of mechanical and electrical equipment and instrumentation

Whether the unit treatment processes are operated within the prescribed operational parameters.

It is therefore recommended that the municipality undertake the following regular inspections and audits:

Annual detailed audit of the water distribution networks and the personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of the networks; and

Annual detailed audit of the filtration plant and disinfection plants and the personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of the plants.

5.1.1 Annual Detailed Audit of the Water Distribution Networks and Water Section Personnel

This audit may be carried out by the Municipality’s Asset Management consultants. It comprises a survey and inspection of all the water treatment and distribution infrastructure (civil works, mechanical equipment, buildings, grounds), and updating the existing asset register. Of particular importance is recording the condition of the infrastructure, reassessing the useful life time of the infrastructure and controlling whether the scheduled maintenance tasks have been performed, as stipulated in the Asset Management Plans.

A pipeline replacement study was performed by GLS for Swartland Municipality’s entire water distribution system during 2013. The project entailed the verification of system data, establishment of a computer model for the pipe replacement network, performing an analysis and reporting. The pipe replacement potential was determined for each of the pipelines in the water distribution systems by assessing the likelihood of failure (LF) and the consequence of failure (CF). The independent factors and their weight factors used are summarised in the tables below:

Table 5.1.1.1: The independent factors and the weight factors used to determine the pipe replacement potential

Likelihood of Failure Property Weight Weight (%) Consequence of Failure Property Weight Weight

(%)Nominal diameter (mm) 20 19.0 High cost to consumer due to high water pressure (m) 2 3.0Reserve water pressure ratio 10 9.5 High cost to consumer due to flow (l/s) 15 19.0Catalogue remaining useful life (yr) 15 14.3 High repair cost due to pipe location 10 13.0Master Plan Item 5 4.8 Flooding due to geography 5 6.0Leakage volume (l/min/km) 10 9.5 Strategic location 20 26.0Undesired material 20 19.0 Network redundancy (l/s) 10 13.0Failure frequency (breaks/km/yr) 25 23.8 Pavement management system 15 19.0

100.0 100.0


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The total pipe replacement potential was calculated for each pipeline as an index

PRP = LF x CF (In the range of 1 to 25)

The total length of the water supply network is approximately 418 km with an estimated replacement value of R543 400 000. The average condition of the water network can be rated as fair to poor. The pipe replacement requirement amounts to R59 434 766 over the next three (3) years and 30.84 km.

Swartland Municipality can further review their organogram for the water infrastructure personnel, with specific attention being paid to the required number of personnel necessary to adequately operate and maintain the infrastructure. The organogram should be aligned with the following two programmes of the municipality:

Skills Development Programme

Career Path Planning

Where there are gaps in the organogram related to adequate operation and maintenance of the infrastructure, these should be included in the WSDP and Skills Development Programmes of the municipality.

5.1.2 Annual Detailed Audit of the Filtration Plant and Disinfection Plants and Water Section Personnel

It is important that the filtration plant and disinfection plants are subjected to a technical assessment by a technically competent person to advise on the performance of the plants and technical (mechanical, civil and electrical) improvements required. It is also required by DWA that proof be provided that the reservoirs and distribution systems were inspected to inform preventative maintenance programmes. These inspections / assessments / audits are to be performed at least once a year.

DWA’s minimum requirements for Process Audits are as follows:

A process audit is required to be undertaken annually;

The process audit report must include findings and prioritised recommendations; and

The Water Services Institution must provide evidence of implementation of recommendations.

5.2 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSET REGISTER

An updated Asset Register is in place for the water infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area. The complete Asset Register is included in Annexure E. The current and depreciated replacement costs of the water infrastructure is summarised in the table below (June 2012):

Table 5.2.1: Current and depreciated replacement costs of the water infrastructureAsset Type GIS ID CRC (1) DRC (2) % DRC / CRC

WATERBorehole BH R1 726 796 R535 831 31.0%Pump Station WPS R17 070 969 R11 200 717 65.6%Reservoir RES R85 004 999 R37 602 918 44.2%Reticulation Pipeline WRP R215 882 589 R110 993 510 51.4%Bulk Water Pipeline BWP R126 362 544 R67 982 424 53.8%Dam DAM R30 352 150 R3 476 592 11.5%Water Consumer Connections WCC R149 265 006 R53 292 035 35.7%Other Assets OTH R2 837 930 R1 651 277 58.2%Totals R628 502 983 R286 735 304 45.6%

Notes: 1) Total Purchase price, as included in the June 2012 Asset Register2) 2012 Value, as included in the June 2012 Asset Register

The above implies that about 54.4% of the value of the water infrastructure has been consumed.


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The table below give’s an overview of the RUL per facility type for the water infrastructure (June 2012):

Table 5.2.2: Overview of the remaining useful life by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC)

Asset Type GIS ID 0 – 5 yrs 6 – 10 yrs 11 – 15 yrs 16 – 20 yrs > 20 yrs

WATERBorehole BH R331 505 R849 844 R281 340 R124 107 R140 000Pump Station WPS R1 817 229 R3 031 985 R2 313 247 R7 600 985 R2 307 522Reservoir RES R4 435 441 R1 822 277 R7 292 756 R14 384 685 R57 069 840Reticulation Pipeline WRP R0 R4 834 090 R8 877 585 R23 455 171 R178 715 744Bulk Water Pipeline BWP R0 R563 639 R3 250 047 R6 923 531 R115 625 328Dam DAM R0 R253 400 R30 055 000 R0 R43 750Water Consumer Connections WCC R0 R0 R22 862 000 R12 282 333 R114 120 673Other Assets OTH R1 875 432 R792 679 R0 R0 R169 819TOTALS R8 459 607 R12 147 914 R74 931 975 R64 770 812 R468 192 676

The table below give’s an overview of the age distribution per facility for the water infrastructure (June 2012):

Table 5.2.3: Overview of the age distribution by facility type for the water infrastructure (CRC)

Asset Type GIS ID 0 – 5 yrs 6 – 10 yrs 11 – 15 yrs 16 – 20 yrs > 20 yrs

WATERBorehole BH R114 107 R10 000 R281 340 R752 669 R568 680Pump Station WPS R7 034 560 R5 024 644 R1 751 801 R1 504 680 R1 755 283Reservoir RES R250 640 R16 242 536 R7 175 355 R7 264 192 R54 072 275Reticulation Pipeline WRP R15 643 907 R17 534 098 R24 851 064 R14 076 181 R143 777 338Bulk Water Pipeline BWP R10 830 367 R14 292 688 R17 257 373 R13 161 018 R70 821 098Dam DAM R0 R0 R0 R352 150 R30 000 000Water Consumer Connections WCC R816 175 R888 831 R18 550 000 R0 R129 010 000Other Assets OTH R1 693 377 R453 535 R691 019 R0 R0TOTALS R36 383 133 R54 446 332 R70 557 952 R37 110 890 R430 004 674

The average water asset renewal needs over the next 10 years is R2.061 million per year and the reinvestment required is R8.460 million in the first 5 years and R12.148 million in the second 5 year period. Most of the water assets value has age greater than 20 years.

Priority should be given to rehabilitating existing infrastructure as this generally makes best use of financial resources and can achieve an increased in (operational) services level coverage’s most rapidly.

DWA’s minimum requirements for an Asset Register are as follows:

Asset description;

Location;

Condition;

Installation date;

Remaining life; and

Current and replacement value

All of the above requirements are included in Swartland Municipality’s Asset Register.


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It is also important for Swartland Municipality to compile an Infrastructure Asset Management Plan for the entire water infrastructure. An Asset Management Plan normally

documents the nature, extent, age, utilisation, condition, performance and value of the infrastructure network;

identifies existing and target levels of service, as well as expected changes in demand;

identifies the life-cycle management needs of the infrastructure (development, renewal, operations and maintenance);

assesses capital and operational budget needs; and

identifies infrastructure asset management improvement needs.

The objective of the Infrastructure Asset Management Plan is to support the achievement of the strategic goals of the municipality and facilitate prudent technical and financial decision-making. It is also a vehicle for improved internal communication and to demonstrate to external stakeholders the municipality’s ability to effectively manage its existing infrastructure as well as the new infrastructure to be developed over the next 20 years.

5.3 AVAILABILITY AND COMPETENCE OF MAINTENANCE TEAM

Maintenance of drinking water infrastructure is critical and needs to be planned for in terms of civil, electrical, mechanical and possibly electronic maintenance aspects. Type of maintenance includes the following:

Preventative / routine: Maintenance done on a consistent routine base to prevent unnecessary breakdown of infrastructure and ensure optimal functioning and energy efficiency of the equipment. This type of maintenance ensures that the plant can be operated to its full design capacity and optimal treatment expectations. This is best practice and the most cost effective way of caring for the “backbone” of water treatment.

Emergency / reactive: Maintenance done when breakdown has already occurred or when the equipment is in an advanced state of deterioration. This is reactively addressing problems when plant capacity and treatment efficiency has already been compromised. It may also be when an unforeseen event resulted in unexpected breakdown, even if routine maintenance practices are in place. This type of maintenance is usually 2 to 3 times more costly than preventative maintenance. Leakages in the distribution network are considered to require emergency maintenance due to the potential for introducing contamination into the reticulation network.

To ensure that all the maintenance activities are undertaken as required, every distribution system is required to have a Maintenance Schedule. Records of actual preventative and reactive maintenance undertaken are required to be kept. Assessors can also request examples of maintenance records for selected infrastructure as well as an age analysis of outstanding maintenance.

The Filtration Plant and the Disinfection Plants share staff. The Plants run unsupervised 24 hours a day and is checked regularly by the Area Superintendent Water Works. The Water Supply is headed by the Manager Water and Sanitation, Mr Louis Zikman. The latest Organogram for the Water Supply Section is included in Annexure E.

The Maintenance Team mainly performs their own repair and preventative maintenance work to the equipment and infrastructure of the municipality, except when specialized repair work is required, in which case the work will be sub-contracted to approved sub-contractors on the municipal database.


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The main sub-contractors used by the Maintenance Team on a regular basis are listed below:

Tricom Africa

Spectrum Communications (Pty) Ltd

JVZ (Capital projects: Construction of new reservoir, installation of water meters, etc.)

Indecon (Water meters purchased)

Wesland Civils (Capital projects: Upgrading of water networks)

Metzi-Chem Ikapa

Protea Chemicals

DWA’s minimum requirements for the Maintenance Team are as follows:

An organogram of the Maintenance Team used for general maintenance work at the plant (both Mechanical and Electrical);

In cases where the maintenance function is outsourced, a copy of the contract between the Municipality and the Service Provider is required to serve as evidence of engagement of external maintenance expertise;

Proof is required on team competency (internal or external). The Municipality must present evidence on the Qualification and Experience of the supervisors of the Mechanical, Electrical and Civil sections of the Maintenance Team individual. A trade-test certificate is accepted as adequate evidence, and

Records of planned maintenance schedules and planned and reactive maintenance undertaken for selected infrastructure must be presented to indicate that maintenance does take place on an on-going basis.

5.4 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS

Comprehensive Operational and Maintenance Manuals are available for the filtration plant, disinfection plants and pump stations. Process flow diagrams for all the distribution systems are also included in Annexure AB.

Process Controller daily duty sheets and log sheets, informed by the Operational and Maintenance Manuals, will be reviewed during the Blue Drop Site Verification Inspection. Evidence will be required to be provided that these sheets are completed and signed by the Process Controller, with interventions included and signed by the WTW Supervisor as required.


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5.5 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE

The operational and maintenance budget and actual expenditure for the various financial years for the water infrastructure in Swartland Municipality’s Management Area is summarised in the table below.

Table 5.5.1: Summary of Operational and Maintenance Budget

Expenditure Description2012/2013 2011/2012 2010/2011

Actual Expenditure

Actual Expenditure

Actual Expenditure

Wages and Salaries R7 536 669 R6 645 698 R5 869 480

Social Contributions R1 164 776 R1 081 736 R939 834

Depreciation: Property, plant and equipment R9 411 007 R0 R0

Interest expenses: External borrowings R165 889 R210 563 R278 089

General expenses: Bulk purchases R20 224 034 R18 555 930 R17 760 693

General expenses: Departmental R1 397 402 R1 215 667 R1 077 490

General expenses: Other R1 330 985 R1 110 758 R1 280 275

Total Operation R41 230 762 R28 820 352 R27 205 861

Repairs and Maintenance R887 816 R861 486 R922 783

Total Maintenance R887 816 R861 486 R922 783

Total Operation and Maintenance R42 118 577 R29 681 838 R28 128 643Volume of Water Treated (Ml/d) 15.112 15.161 15.150Maintenance Cost as a % of Operating Cost 2.15% 2.99% 3.39%Operations cost (Incl. Maintenance and Excl. raw water cost) per Ml/d R1 448 818 R733 851 R684 353Maintenance cost (Excl. Capital works) per Ml/d R58 749 R56 823 R60 910

It is important to note that Swartland Municipality purchase their potable water from the West Coast District Municipality and therefore operate and maintain no WTWs, other than the filtration plant and the disinfection plants, therefore the lower Operation and Maintenance unit costs. The detail Operational and Maintenance Budgets are included in Annexure E.

5.6 DESIGN CAPACITIES AND OPERATING CAPACITIES OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS

Schematic layouts of the distribution systems are included in Annexure AB. 96.5% Of Swartland Municipality’s total potable bulk water for 2011/2012 was supplied by the West Coast District Municipality, through their bulk distribution systems. The water is treated at the Withoogte and Swartland WTWs, which is operated and maintained by the West Coast District Municipality. Swartland Municipality only operate the filtration plant for the water supplied from the Perdeberg Dam and the disinfection plants for this water and the groundwater supplied from the Riverlands boreholes.

West Coast District Municipality: The capacities of the various components of the Withoogte and Swartland WTWs is summarised in the table below.

Table 5.6.1: Design capacities of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs

DescriptionWithoogte WTWs Swartland WTWs

Mm³/a m³/d Mm³/a m³/dOverall Capacity 26.28 72 000 10.59 29 000

Flocculation 41.17* 112 800* 11.00 30 140

Clarifying 41.17* 112 800* 11.00 30 140

Filtration 26.28 72 000 10.59 29 000

Chlorination 27.01 74 000 10.59 29 000

Note: (*) Withoogte: Design Capacity of Horizontal Flow Sedimentation Tanks is 48 000 m³/d and the design capacity of the Up-flow Sludge Blanket Clarifiers is 2 Units at 1350 m³/h = 64 800 m³/d


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Table 5.6.2: Design capacities and current flows at the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs

WTWDesign Capacity Current Flow 2012

(AADD)System Operational

CapacityMm³/a m³/d m³/d %

Withoogte 26.28 72 000 49 408 68.6%

Swartland 10.59 29 000 18 296 63.1%

The detail flow records at each of the West Coast District Municipality’s WTWs are included in Annexure E. The table below gives a summary of the average monthly flows (m³/d):

Table 5.6.3: Daily operating flows at WTWs (m³/d)

Month2012 2011 2011

Withoogte Swartland Withoogte Swartland Withoogte SwartlandRaw Treated Raw Treated Raw Treated Raw Treated Raw Treated Raw Treated

January 54 182 50 598 21 101 20 046 51 677 47 944 22 019 20 916 53 770 50 790 21 085 20 163

February 65 385 61 667 25 614 24 302 63 822 59 660 24 911 23 836 59 287 55 996 24 900 23 529

March 54 041 50 351 21 958 20 663 50 060 46 925 21 962 20 991 46 440 43 387 18 969 17 982

April 54 569 50 845 19 674 18 755 50 569 47 423 20 434 19 662 54 922 51 715 20 681 19 447

May 44 919 41 679 15 459 13 937 44 942 42 064 16 086 15 520 40 903 38 554 15 053 14 292

June 45 263 41 806 15 134 13 895 40 127 37 228 14 948 14 438 40 371 36 756 15 703 15 083

July 38 159 35 191 15 660 14 549 41 286 38 274 14 032 13 494 38 551 35 037 14 783 14 112

August 37 414 34 599 15 155 13 864 39 325 36 946 16 723 16 256 36 596 33 723 16 838 16 084

September 44 150 40 557 14 905 13 824 32 281 30 149 15 070 14 531 37 365 34 915 15 758 14 430

October 43 193 40 408 13 997 13 452 43 974 41 399 16 881 16 270 37 844 35 077 15 087 14 447

November 55 297 51 012 19 109 18 385 50 291 46 495 16 137 15 270 46 669 42 908 17 064 16 261

December 56 325 51 967 21 785 19 958 52 022 48 569 19 495 18 762 52 484 47 122 18 791 18 092

Average 49 408 45 890 18 296 17 136 46 584 43 484 18 185 17 458 45 326 42 058 17 842 16 947

Flow meters must be calibrated at least annually. Evidence of calibration certificates or positive displacement tests is required to be presented at the Blue Drop Assessment.


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ANNEXURE AA

WSP TEAM

AGENDA, ATTENDANCE REGISTER AND RISK METHODOLOGY FOR DISCUSSION WITH WSP TEAM

ANNEXURE AB

FLOW DIAGRAMS OF THE SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY’S INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

FLOW DIAGRAMS OF THE WEST COAST DM’S BULK WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND WTWS

ANNEXURE AC

LOCALITY MAPS AND AERIAL PHOTOS OF WATER AND SEWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FOR EACH OF THE WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEMS

Figure 1: Locality Map of distribution systems

Figure 2A: Chatsworth / Riverlands distribution system

Figure 2B: Kalbaskraal distribution system

Figure 2C: Abbotsdale distribution system

Figure 2D: Malmesbury distribution system

Figure 2E: Riebeek Wes distribution system

Figure 2F: Riebeek Kasteel distribution system

Figure 2G: Moorreesburg distribution system

Figure 2H: Koringberg distribution system

Figure 2I: Darling distribution system

Figure 2J: Yzerfontein distribution system

Figure 3: Swartland and Withoogte Bulk Distribution Systems

Quaternary Catchments of Swartland Municipality

ANNEXURE AD

FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION DURING THE DOCUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS

Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth

Swartland Bulk System: Malmesbury, Abbotsdale, Kalbaskraal, Riverlands, Chatsworth, Riebeek Kasteel, Riebeek Wes, Yzerfontein, Darling

Withoogte Bulk System: Moorreesburg and Koringberg

ANNEXURE AE

EVALUATION OF CATCHMENT AND RAW WATER SOURCES

DISTRIBUTION RISK EVALUATION

ANNEXURE AF

HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS EVENTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE RISKS

EXISTING CONTROL MEASURES, REASSESSMENT AND PRIORITIZATION OF THE RISKS

IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN

CAPITAL BUDGET 2013/2014

CONTROL MEASURES OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

ANNEXURE AG

OPERATIONAL SAMPLING PROGRAMME OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

COMPLIANCE SAMPLING PROGRAMME OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR SAMPLING BY THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

ANNEXURE AH

LABORATORY DETAILS: ACCREDITATION, PROFICIENCY AND USE OF RESULTS

WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAMME

ANNEXURE AI

WATER AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND DISASTER RESPONSE FLOWCHART

INCIDENT REGISTER

ANNEXURE AJ

EXISTING CONTROL MEASURE SHEETS AND WORK SCHEDULES

Form ………….: …………….

ANNEXURE B

CLASSIFICATION CERTIFICATES OF THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S WTWs

REGISTRATION CERTIFICATES FO RPOCESS CONTROLLERS AND SUPERVISORS FOR THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S

WTWS

ANNEXURE C

COMPLIANCE SAMPLE RESULTS

COMPLIANCE MONITORING PARAMETERS (SANS 241: 2011 DRINKING WATER SPECIFICATIONS)

ANNEXURE D

WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT WITH THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

ANNEXURE E

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PIPE REPLACEMENT STUDY

ASSET REGISTER 2011-2012

UPDATED ORGANOGRAM AND MAINTENANCE TEAMS FOR SWARTLAND MUNICIPALITY

UPDATED ORGANOGRAM AND MAINTENANCE TEAMS FOR THE WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

CAPABILITY STATEMENTS OF EXTERNAL CONTRACTORS

OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS FOR FILTRATION PLANT, DISINFECTION PLANT AND PUMP STATIONS

OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE BUDGET FOR WATER SERVICES

WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY’S WTWs FLOWS

REFERENCES

DWA’s Blue Drop 2011 Assessment Report, South African Drinking Water Quality Management Performance.

DWA’s Blue Drop Handbook

An Illustrated Guide to Basic Water Purification Operations, User Manual Release 1.0, WRC Report No. TT 247/05.

The Development of a Generic Water Safety Plan for Small Community Water Supply, Peter Thompson & Sameera Majam, WRC Report TT 415/09.

Water Safety Plan Manual Step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2009.

Water Safety Plans, Managing drinking-water quality from catchment to consumer, Water, Sanitation and Health Protection and the Human Environment World Health Organization Geneva 2005.

Prioritising quaternary catchments for invasive alien plant control within the fynbos and karoo biomes of the Western Cape Province, CSIR Report No. CSIR/NRE/ECO/ER/2009/0094/B, May 2009.

A Drinking Water Quality Framework for South Africa, Minimum Requirements for Blue Drop Certification, Edition 4, May 2009, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.

Swartland Municipality’s Water Distribution System Pipe Replacement Study, April 2013, GLS Consulting.

Swartland Municipality Water Master Plan, July 2008, GLS Consulting

West Coast District Municipality Disaster Management Plan, November 2007, Africon in association with Pragmatix Africa Consultants.

West Coast District Municipality Blue Water Services Performance Report (Include Water Safety Plan), 28 November 2011, WorleyParsons.

Service Delivery Agreement between Saldanha Bay Municipality and Swartland Municipality and Bergrivier Municipality and West Coast District Municipality, Mallinicks.

Swartland Municipality’s Medium Term Revenue and Expenditure Framework, A-Schedules 2013/14 to 2015/16