1Fundamentals Of Environmental And Energy ManagementA Seminar ReportSubmitted By:In partial fulfillmentfor the award of the degree ofMBAAtChandigarh University haruan !Mohali"August !#$%#"2ABS&RAC&Effective energy management involves making decisions that lead to the conservation of energy and the efficient use of resources to provide a sustainable future. Energy efficiency is based on two factors: the technical efficiency energy systems, and the behaviour of occupants. The purpose of this thesis is to present an energy audit of selected facilities and a survey of a sample of occupants to determine their practices in relation to, and their attitudes to, energy use and conservation.The outcomes of each of these investigations showed the substantial improvements in energy efficiency could be realized with technical improvements, changed attitudes and better practices. Cost effectiveness can be an important driver of any change, as it provides incentives and pressures for making the changes. The most cost-effective improvements can be hose related to changing occupants behaviour so that they use energy more efficiently. !hen it comes to energy saving, energy management is the process of monitoring, controlling, and conserving energy in a building or organization. To confuse matters, many people use "energy management" to refer specifically to those energy-saving efforts that focus on making better use of e#isting buildings and e$uipment. %t the very least you should keep analyzing your energy data regularly to check that things aren&tgetting worse. 't&s pretty normal for unwatched buildings to become less efficient with time: it&s to be e#pected that e$uipment will break down or lose efficiency, and that people will forget the good habits you worked hard to encourage in the past...(o at a minimum you should take a $uick look at your energy data once a week, or even )ust once a month, to ensure that nothing has gone horribly wrong... 't&s a real shame when easy-to-fi# faults such as misconfigured timers remain unnoticed for months on end, leaving a huge energy bill that could have easily been avoided. *ut ideally your energy-management drive will be an ongoing effort to find new opportunities to target them, and to track your progress at making ongoing energy savings. +anaging your energy consumption doesn&t have to be a full-time )ob, but you&ll achieve much better results if you make it part of your regular routine.3&AB'E OF CO(&E(&Chapter (o) &itle *age no),. %bstract ii-. !hat is energy. v /. Typesofenergy vii a01inetic Energy b02otential Energyc0Thermal, or heat energy d0Chemical Energy e0Electrical energy f0(ound Energy g03uclear Energy 4. 2roperties of energy i#5.!hy energy is important #i6.!hy energy conservation is important #ii7. Energy management #iii8'0!hy it is important.9.:lobal need for energy management #iv4;.or damaging it during the collision0. The formula for 1inetic energy, and for some of the other forms of energy described in this section will, is given in a later section of this primer.b" *otential Energy: Consider a book sitting on a table. The book is said to have "potential energy" because if it is nudged off, gravity will accelerate the book, giving the book kinetic energy. *ecause the Earth&s gravity is necessary to create this kinetic energy, and because this gravity depends on the Earth being present, we say that the "Earth-book system" is what really possesses this potential energy, and that this energy is converted into kinetic energy as the book falls. 3" &hermal5 or heat energy: Consider a hot cup of coffee. The coffee is said to possess "thermalenergy", or "heat energy" which is really the collective, microscopic, kinetic and potential energyof the molecules in the coffee 8the molecules have kinetic energy because they are moving and vibrating, and they have potential energy due their mutual attraction for one another - much the same way that the book and the Earth have potential energy because they attract each other0. Temperature is really a measure of how much thermal energy something has. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules are moving around and>or vibrating, i.e. the more kinetic and potential energy the molecules have. )d" Chemi3al Energy: Consider the ability of your body to do work. The glucose 8blood sugar0 inyour body is said to have "chemical energy" because the glucose releases energy when chemically reacted 8combusted0 with o#ygen. Bour muscles use this energy to generate mechanical force and also heat. Chemical energy is really a form of microscopic potential energy, which e#ists because of the electric and magnetic forces of attraction e#erted between thedifferent parts of each molecule - the same attractive forces involved in thermal vibrations. Theseparts get rearranged in chemical reactions, releasing or adding to this potential energy.e0 Ele3tri3al Energy: %ll matter is made up of atoms, and atoms are made up of smaller particles, called protons 8which have positive charge0, neutrons 8which have neutral charge0, and electrons 8which are negatively charged0. Electrons orbit around the center, or nucleus, of atoms, )ust like the moon orbits the earth. The nucleus is made up of neutrons and protons.f0 Sound Energy: (ound waves are compression waves associated with the potential and kinetic energy of air molecules. !hen an ob)ect moves $uickly, for e#ample the head of drum, it compresses the air nearby, giving that air potential energy. That air then e#pands, transforming the potential energy into kinetic energy 8moving air0. The moving air then pushes on and compresses other air, and so on down the chain. % nice way to think of sound waves is as "shimmering air". g0 (u3lear Energy: The (un, nuclear reactors, and the interior of the Earth, allhave "nuclear reactions" as the source of their energy, that is, reactions that involve changes in the structure of the nuclei of atoms. 'n the (un, hydrogen nuclei fuse 8combine0 together to make helium nuclei, in a process called fusion, which releases energy. 'n a nuclear reactor, or in the interior of the Earth, Cranium nuclei 8and certain other heavy elements in the Earth&s interior0 split apart, in a process called fission. 'f this didn&t happen, the Earth&s interior would have long gone coldD The energy released by fission and fusion is not )ust a product of the potential energy released by rearranging the nuclei. 'n fact, in both cases, fusion or fission, some of the matter making up the nuclei is actually converted into energy.