Renewables R&D Program Update

Bryan J. Hannegan, Ph.D.Vice President, Environment & Renewables

Renewable Energy CouncilApril 4, 2011

2© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Challenge

Rel

iabl

e

Affordable

Sustainable

Electricity

Provide society with. . . while navigating

competing constraints

Fuel Price and Availability

Water Resources

Energy and Climate Policy

Environmental Performance

Capital Availability

Customer Expectations

Demand Growth

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Near-Zero Emissions

Long-Term Operations

Renewable Integration

Water Management

Electric Vehicles

Demand Response & Efficiency

Renewable Energy

Energy Storage

Sensors & Control

Cyber Security

The Future Power System …

Requires a full portfolio of innovative technologies.

© 2011 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Key Technology Strategic Issues

Long-TermOperations

SmartGrid

EnergyEfficiency

Near ZeroEmissions

Water ResourceManagement

Renewable Resourcesand Integration

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Renewable Resources and Integration

• Enable renewable technology options that are cost-competitive

• Maintain electric grid reliability and stability

• Minimize environmental impacts of renewable energy at utility scale

A Changing LandscapeA Changing Landscape

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Renewable Generation

• Renewable energy economics and technology status (Strategic)– Cost and performance information– Own-operate vs. purchase power agreement decisions

• Technology-specific R&D (Tactical)– Solar – Integration of solar thermal energy into existing and new power

plants, thermal storage development/evaluation, evaluation of PV and CSP technologies at Solar Technology Acceleration Center (SolarTAC)

– Biomass – Fuel supply management, technologies for power generation, and life-cycle costs, novel fuel approaches (torrefaction), test burns

– Wind – Advanced wind turbine technology assessments and wind asset management, NDE and O&M

– Geothermal – Technology assessments, O&M, hybrid applications, evaluation/demonstration of new technologies

Renewable energy technology development, deployment, and O&M

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Key ResultsBiomass Torrefaction

• Pilot scale feasibility testing of feedstocks

– Woody biomass

– Herbaceous

• Torrefaction/pelletization

• Evaluated seven species to date

– Torrefied material

– Pellets

• Initial modeling of torrefaction process

– Optimize process parameters

– Function of biomass species

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Key ResultsAdvanced Hydro Turbine Research

$1.2 million DOE matched by$1.4 million EPRI and

industry

• Spring 2010: Design Engineering

• Summer-Fall 2010: Construct and test a physical model

• Fall 2010: Winter 2011 Final Design

• 2012 – READY FOR PURCHASE, DEPLOYMENT AND TESTING

+ 8 Industry Co-Sponsors

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Key ResultsWave Energy Resource Assessment

DOE-funded Wave Energy Resource Assessment & GIS

Database for the U.S.

•For the entire U.S. coastline:– Assessment of the total available wave

energy along the U.S. coastline

– Estimation of the maximum practicable recoverable wave energy

– GIS display of the available and recoverable resource on NREL’s website

•Completion mid-2011

Avg. Wave Power Density (kW/m)

Avg. Wave Power Density (kW/m)

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NERC IVGTF Special Report

Defines Reliability Needs

Integration of Large-Scale Variable Generation

Transmission Development• New Transmission Planning Tools and Methods to Integrate High Variable Resources

Resource Adequacy• New Methods to Determine Supply Capacity and Reserve Requirements

Advance Operator Tools• New Methods to Determine Supply Capacity and Reserve Requirements

• New Operator Decision-Making Tools and Improved Frequency Control Methods

Flexible System Resources• Technical Performance Specs for VG/DR/PHEV

• Other EPRI Programs – ElectriNet, Storage

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Key ResultsModel Validation From On-Line PMU Data

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201.9

2

2.1

Time (seconds)

Vfd

(pu

)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.95

0.96

Vt

(pu)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201.95

2

Ifd

(pu

)

Measured

Fitted

PMU/DFRat Plant

Grid Disturbance

PMU at POI

Grid Disturbance

Proven EPRI Technology (PPPD)

Next step – Can we extend it to other technologies like Wind and PV)

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Key ResultsOperator Decision Tools for Variable Generation

Sou

rce:

ww

w.n

ewen

glan

dfut

ures

.com

Conventional Gen

Flexible Resources

VG Management

2000 MW Up Ramp

1500 MW Down Ramp

EPRI Role

• Functional requirements for operator dispatch decision-making tool

• Work with vendors for prototyping

• Prototype demonstration and validation

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Integrating Distributed Renewables

OpenDSS Modeling Analysis Penetration Studies

Integrating into Distribution

Feeder Analysis

Asset Management

PV & Storage Systems

Advanced Functionality

BOS PerformancePV O&M Inverter Reliability Utility Business Models

Field MonitoringCommunication Interfaces Lab Testing

OpenDSSSimulation Engine

COM Interface

Scripts

Scripts, Results

User-Written DLLs

DSS Output

OpenDSSSimulation Engine

COM Interface

Scripts

Scripts, Results

User-Written DLLs

DSS Output-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Time (minutes)

To

tal P

ow

er (

kW)

Birmingham, AL (May 14, 2010)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm

Local Time (h)

Po

we

r P

rod

uct

ion

(W

)

““bread and bread and butterbutter””

““thought thought leadershipleadership””

““business business casecase””

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Communications

DMS

Meter

First Results Show that Smart Inverters may Help to Increase the Penetration Rate of PV Along Feeders

Key Results Smart Inverters Control Distribution Voltage

Controlling VAR Outputs Assists in Maintaining

the Feeder Voltage within Limits

var

volt

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Key Results Distribution PV Monitoring at EPRI Knoxville

August 4, 2010 – TVA System Peak Day

EPRI

2:30pm EDT 4:30pm EDT

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Energy Storage

Application Value& Business Case

Strategic Intelligence

Technology Watch and Strategic Intelligence

Cost and Technology Capabilities Industry White Papers

Bulk Storage for Renewable Generation

Storage for Grid Support

Short-Term Long-Term

Li-ion Battery NaS Battery

New Flow Batteries & ChemistriesAdvanced – Low fuel CAES

Advanced Lead Acid Battery Micro-generation

2nd Gen CAES

Cost and Value Ranges for Storage Technologies in System Applications

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Compressed Air - Below Ground

Pumped Hydro

Compressed Air - Above Ground

Lead Acid Battery

NaS Battery

ZnBr Flow Cell

VRB Flow Cell

Lithium Ion Battery

$/kWh

Cost

Value

Zn / Br Battery

Regional Studies

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Key ResultsOpportunities for Energy Storage

$0 

$200 

$400 

$600 

$800 

$1,000 

$1,200 

$1,400 

$1,600 

$1,800 

$2,000 

$2,200 

Target High Target High Target High Target High Target High

CAISO ERCOT ISONE NYISO PJM

PV $/kWh of Energy Storage

Regulation

Local Capacity

Transmission Congestion

VAR Support

Distribution Losses

Defer Dist. Investment

Voltage Support

Power Reliability

Power Quality

Application Value in $/kWh of Energy Storage DESS at Substation with Transmission Congestion

Niche markets could support storage costs of $ 1400 per kWh installed.

Most mass market applications require cost of under $ 500 per kWh w/o regulation services.

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Key ResultsDistributed Storage for Grid Support

• Testing and validation of current and emerging storage systems

• Distributed Energy Storage (DESS) for pad mounted “ edge-of-grid” sites

– Functional Spec and Application Requirements

– Technology Options; cost and benefit analysis

• Information to support deployment risks and planning

• Insights into performance, operating envelope

1 MW/7hr NaS 0.5 MW / 2 hr Zn / Br 5 kW / 3 hr Li-ion Vision of DESS

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New Environment Program for 2011

Focuses on land use, vegetation management, species and ecosystem interactions and human health and safety associated with renewable energy development.

Environmental Aspects of Renewables (P179)

Species Impacts and Interactions

• Geomagnetic environment: impacts on animals and aquatic life

• Bird and bat interactions with wind energy

• Bat detection and wind turbineshutdown system

Resource Assessments,

Forecasting and Land Use

• Resource variability

• Impacts of large-scale deployment of renewables

• Sustainability of biomass supply

Worker / Public Health and Safety

• Exposures related to renewables

• Wind turbine syndrome

Siting and Life-Cycle Analysis

• Life-cycle GHG emissions from renewables

• Framework for engaging stakeholders in renewable energy siting

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Expanding Portfolio

Energy StorageEnergy Storage

SolarSolar

WindWind

GeothermalGeothermal

BiomassBiomass

Water PowerWater Power

LargeLarge--ScaleScaleIntegrationIntegration

DistributedDistributedIntegrationIntegration

LargeLarge--ScaleScaleIntegrationIntegration

DistributedDistributedIntegrationIntegration

RenewablesRenewables

Water PowerWater Power

RenewablesRenewables

Water PowerWater Power

2008 2009 2010

New for 2011: Environmental Aspects

Energy StorageEnergy StorageEnergy StorageEnergy Storage

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Funding Trends

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010 Goal 2010 Act

$ m

illi

on

s

Demos

Envir

Dist Int

LS Int

Storage

Water

Gener

3.3 3.4

2.0

5.00.6

3.63.3

3.35.6

7.7

12.1

15.0

1.51.2

1.70.7

4.0

0.9

0.7

1.7

1.2

0.51.8

6.3

2.2

3.2

4.5

3.4

1.020.8

1.8% 5.5% of total funding

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Mark Your Calendar!Upcoming EPRI Renewables Council Meetings

Council Meeting: August 9-10, 2011SolarTAC Tour: August 11, 2011

Hotel TBDDenver, CO

Program Meetings: September 12-14, 2011Council Meetings: September 14-16, 2011

Westin – Boston Waterfront 425 Summer StreetBoston, MA 02210http://www.westinbostonwaterfront.com/EPRI Group Rate: $199

Knoxville Lab Tour in June?

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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity