Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NRELmydocs.epri.com/docs/publicmeetingmaterials/1104/4ANZGWRJTYQ/E... · Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NREL David Mooney

Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NREL

David Mooney

April 5, 2011

Renewable and Efficiency Technology Integration

Highly Efficient •Integrated Renewables

Distributed & Utility‐Scale Renewable Power

Integrated and Sustainable

Renewable Fuels

Highly Efficient • Fuel Flexible

Community & Industrial Systems

Electricity Generation & Delivery Systems

Fuel Production Systems

Transportation Systems

The Built Environment

Integrated SystemsSustainable Design

Su

stai

nab

le E

ner

gy

Sys

tem

Provide Credible and Objective Data and Analyses to InformPolicy and Investment Decisions

Create the Lab of the Future to Support Innovation and Serve as a Leadership Example for Sustainable Development

Deliver Market‐Relevant Scientific and Technical Knowledge and Sustainable Energy

Innovations

Enable Integration of Renewable and

Efficiency Technologies in Systems at all Scales

Increase the Speed of Commercialization and

the Scale of Deployment

NR

EL

Ro

les

and

Str

ateg

ic I

nte

nts

By 2035, 80% of America’s electricity will come from clean energy sources

Support deployment of 1 million electric vehicles (EVs) on the road by 2015

Double renewable energy generation by 2012

Reduce our daily petroleum consumption in 2020 by 3.5 million barrels (18%), from a 19-million barrel baseline, and by 85% by 2050

Reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2020 and 83% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline


Storage Technology Efforts at NREL


Concentrating Solar Power Offers Near-Term Storage Solutions

Central Receiver: Pre-commercial, pilot-scale deployments

Parabolic Troughs: Commercial, utility-scale deployments


Parabolic Trough Power Plant


Parabolic Trough Power Plant w/ 2-Tank Indirect Molten Salt Thermal Storage

HX

HotTank

ColdTank


50 MW AndaSol One and TwoParabolic Trough Plant w/ 7-hr Storage, Andalucía

Scenario Wind PV CSP w storage

Low penetration (10% wind, 1% solar) 13.5% 35.0% 94.5%

Med penetration (20% wind, 3% solar) 12.8% 29.3% 94.8%

High penetration (30% wind, 5% solar) 12.3% 27.7% 95.3%


Wind2Battery Project•The first installation of a battery (1 MW Sodium-Sulfur) as a direct wind energy storage device in the United States

•Xcel Energy an NREL are conducting the Wind2Battery project in order to evaluate the effectiveness of NaS battery technology in facilitating the integration of wind energy onto the grid. This includes the investigation of:

• Basic Generation Storage, Economic Dispatch, Frequency Regulation, Wind Smoothing, and Wind Leveling

•NREL supported Xcel Energy’s analysis efforts through:

• Modeling of the W2B system including battery and related power systems

• Creation of a web application for use in data processing and visualization

•NREL also created a battery model that can be used to model any configuration and type of battery, accessible from a web application


Container Integrated Concept

Mobile Hybrid Power for Forward Operations


Storage in Grid Integration Studies


• Storage is always useful, but may not always be economic

• Detailed simulation of power system operation find no needfor storage up to 35% penetration

• Experience with more than 31,000 MW of installed wind in the US shows no need for storage

• However: storage can be very beneficial with and without RE

• Depends on cost-benefit

Large-scale studies (EWITS and WWSIS) do not find a need for storage at RE penetrations up to 35% of all electricity, although storage does have value

What Do Large-Scale Integration Studies Find?


Flexibility and Economics are Key

• In addition to storage, additional sources of flexibility may be needed at high penetration rates

newer types of generation: CTs, reciprocating engines

• Institutional flexibility

Fast energy markets

Sub-hourly scheduling protocols with neighboring balancing areas

• Demand response

• Plug-hybrid vehicles in the future


Dispatch during mid-April

No Wind/Solar 35% Wind/Solar


Current and Future Integration Labs


DC Bus – Allows up to 10 DC device (Battery, PV) connections

AC Bus (3Phase, 480V, 400A rated) – Allows up to 15 AC device (inverters, microturbine, generators) connections

Switch Panel – Computer controlled. Allows tester to easily configure systems.

NREL Distributed Energy Resource Test FacilityAdvancing Renewable, Distributed Energy, and Hydrogen Technologies


Distributed Energy InterconnectionDistributed Energy

ResourcesInterconnection Technologies

Electric Power Systems

Fuel Cell PV

Microturbine Wind

Generator

Inverter

Switchgear, Relays, & Controls

Functions

• Power Conversion

• Power Conditioning

• Power Quality

• Protection

• DER and Load Control

• Ancillary Services

• Communications

• Metering

Microgrids

Energy Storage

Loads

Local Loads

Load Simulators

Utility System

PHEV - V2G


ESIF – The Future of Integration R&D at NREL

LaboratoriesHPC Offices


180,000 sq. ft.24 Laboratories400 Teraflop Computer200 researchersDesign 2010 - 2011Construction start 2011Completion early 2013

180,000 sq. ft.24 Laboratories400 Teraflop Computer200 researchersDesign 2010 - 2011Construction start 2011Completion early 2013

ESIF

VisitorCenter

RSF

S&TF

ESIF Snapshot


ESIF Design

• Integration RD&E for– PV– CSP– Wind– H2– Built environment– Demand side tech– Storage– Smart grid– Microgrids

• Indoor and outdoor labs and test beds


Creating Unique National Assets

• High-power (2+ MW scale at 480V and 13kV) capability to test prototype hardware

• Renewable and efficiency hardware-in-the-loop testing of components and systems into full scale simulations of the distribution and transmission systems as well as the built environment

• Virtual utility operations and simulation dedicated to integration of RE and EE technologies at scale

• Smart grid testing and validation lab

• 400+ teraflop computer with petabyte data center dedicated to EE and RE

3 kW Load Bank

15 kW Load Bank Inverter #1

AC OutputELGAR Grid Simulator #1

Power Electronics AC Bus Device #8

Power Electronics AC Bus 4 Relay

ELGAR Grid Simulator #2

Power Electronics Test

Bench

PAD1 PAD2 PAD3 PAD4

PAB3

PAB4

PAB2

Each relay shown includes integrated voltage and current sensing with communication to the master SCADA

Configurable fused disconnect (FD) (“lug or plug”)

PAB1

PAD9 PAD10 PAD11 PAD12

PAD5 PAD6 PAD7 PAD8

PAD13 PAD14 PAD15 PAD16

AC Bus 1 Venus

AC Bus 2 Venus

AC Bus 3 Venus

AC Bus 4 Venus AC Bus 4 Mars

AC Bus 3 Mars

AC Bus 2 Mars

AC Bus 1 Mars

Device Under Test (DUT)

DUT

FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD

FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD


Hardware Validation and System Simulation IntegrationHardware- and Systems-in-the-Loop

HIL I/OInterface

Visualization Interface

Load Banks

Grid Simulator

PV Array

Simulation and Visualization at ESIF

Actual hardware at ESIF

Subdevelopment with PV at end of circuit

Utility Substation

Inverter is replicated in 100 homes on circuit

Actual utility circuit model

Unit under test

• State of the art electric systems simulation and visualization in an HPC environment

• Component and systems testing and validation at MW-scale powers

• Integration of functioning systems with utility system simulations for real-time, real-power evaluation of high penetration scenarios


Integration of Transmission and Distribution Systems Operations

PNNL ‐ Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center (EIOC) ‐Managing the transmission andsub‐transmission networks of regional utilities

Distribution/ Transmission

Interface

Building Loads

Grid Simulator

Distributed Generation

Transmission ModelDistribution Model

Hardware/ Distribution Simulation

Interface

Actual Hardware

NREL ‐ Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) – Integration of actual and simulation distributed generation and local loads and the distribution system

ESIF will enable the development of the tools and techniques needed to actively manage the distribution system and have it reliably interface with the transmission system under high RE penetration scenarios.


Thanks!

[email protected]

Documents

Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NRELmydocs.epri.com/docs/publicmeetingmaterials/1104/4ANZGWRJTYQ/E... · Energy Systems and Storage Integration R&D at NREL David Mooney