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Renewable Energy Policies in Sri Lanka - the needs and potentials for additional
international support
Asoka AbeygunawardanaAdviser to the Hon. Minister of Power and Energy- Sri Lanka
Executive Director- Energy Forum
SRI LANKA
Sri Lanka – An island in the Indian OceanLower middle income country Land area (square km) - 65,610 Population - 20 m Total Households - 5.3 mOn grid Commercial entities - 400,000On grid Government Institutions - 134,000On grid Hotels - 546On grid Industries - 43,000Per capita energy consumption (toe ) - 0.478(lower middle income country average of 1.02 toe)Per capita CO2 emissions (tons/y) - 0.62 (World average – 4.29)
GOSL / Ministry
Consumers
Independent Power Producers
(oil & RE)CEB
Transmission
CEB Generation
CEB Dis 1
Regulator - PUCSL
LECOCEB Dis 3
CEB Dis 3
CEB Dis 4
SLSEA
Power Sector in Sri Lanka
Off grid
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Electricity for everybody, everyday
‘100% electrification by the end of 2012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Cumulative new Oil Cumulative new Hydro Cumulative Coal MW Oil
Coal - 4000 MW; 85% of the capacity by 2025
Business as usual Generation Expansion Plan of Sri Lanka
% generation 2010 2011 2012Renewables 52% 37% 33%Oil - 50% 52%Coal 48% 13% 15%
Renewable Energy policy in Sri Lanka
• Planning and Strategy Official targets for renewable energy
2010 - 40% renewables (large hydro)
2016 - 60% demand increase 2016 - 38% renewables (large hydro+ NCRE- 10%)
2020 – 100% demand increase Demand side management – 10%2020 - 43% renewables (large hydro+ NCRE- 20%)Statements of intendCarbon neutral growth by 2020 Start carbon reduction by 2030
Avoided Generation Cost - early 1990
Generated enthusiasm for mini-hydro power Lack of transparency in calculating the actual avoided costHidden subsidies given to fossil fuel
Technology Specific Financial Cost Reflective Tariff - (Flat and 3 -tier) - 2007
Generated enthusiasm for mini-hydro and wind power There was no way to meet the additional cost
Above 25 MW - should have government sharesBetween 10 MW to 25 MW - negotiated price - Private companies Less than 10 MW - First come first serve basis - Private companies
FiT in - Sri Lanka
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Small Renewables (GWh)
2010 - 6.5%
The state of play of renewable energy policy in Sri Lanka
• Generation-Based Incentives/Feed-in-Tariffs (FITs)
FIT and its basic features:
The tariffs and the Special Power Purchase Agreements for projects with a rated generating capacity up to 10 MW are:• first come first serve• standardized • non-negotiable• cost-based • sources - specific • technology-specific• either a three-tier tariff or a flat tariff• valid for a period of 20 years• extendable by mutual consent
Flat Tariff in 2011
Technology
All inclusive rate for years 1-20
(LKR/kWh) (USD Cts/kWh)
Mini-hydro 13.04 11.54
Mini-hydro - Local 13.32 11.79
Wind 19.43 17.19
Wind - Local 19.97 17.67
Biomass (Dendro) 20.70 18.32
Biomass (Agricultural & Industrial Waste) 14.53 12.86
Municipal Waste 22.02 19.49
Waste Heat Recovery 6.64 5.88
Other 20.70 18.32
Ex rate: USD1=LKR 113
FiT in Sri Lanka - Flat tariff All inclusive rate for years 1-20 (LKR/kWh)
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Mini-hydro
Wind
Biomass
Agricultural & Industrial Waste Municipal Waste
Waste Heat Recovery
Wave Energy
Biomass Mini Hydro Solar Wind All REPsNo MW No MW No MW No MW No MW
Commissioned 3 13 87 189 4 1 4 31 98 234
Under Construction 15 74 112 211 10 99 137 384 Valid Provisional Approval 7 81 37 41 1 10 46 142 Total committed at present 25 167 236 441 5 11 14 130 281 759 Wind Farm 1 100 1 100Solar Farm 1 100 1 100Total
Total – Committed at present 2000 GWh/y – 13% by 2016Total – with parks – 2430- 16% by 2016Geo Thermal - PA - 10 MW; Applied - 109 MWSea Wave - Applied 3 MW
Small renewable energy power plants
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5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mini hydro
Wind
Biomass dendro
Coal 2y
Escalation due to inflation : fuel - 5.09%; O&M -7.64%Escalation due to scarcity of coal resources: 3%
Policy cost - Cost of Energy
Hydro Power Potential - 1960 MW @ 40% pf (1290 MW all ready tapped)
Dendro Power Potential - 900 MW @ 70% pf; BEASL estimate -3,000 MW
Wind Power Potential - 3000 MW @ 30% pf; NREL estimate 20,000+24,000 MW
Solar Power Potential - 4.5 to 6.0 kWh/m2/day @ 16% pf
Wave Power Potential - 200 MW @ 65% pf; NARA estimate-2000 MW)
OTEC Potential -Trincomalee Canyon is the one of the world best places
Geothermal Potential - 30 MW (GSMB estimate)
Estimated Renewable energy potential in Sri Lanka
Pump Storage Solution
Samanalawewa (Keriketi Oya) 1000 MWMaussakele (Adam's Peak Falls) 500 MWRandenigala (Halgran Oya) 500 MWKotmale (Maha Oya, Gurugal Oya, Kuda Oya) 900 MWUpper Kotmale (Dambagastalawa, Agra Oya) 600 MW
Total 3500 MW500 MW plant: capital - 360 to 500 million USD
- 730 – 1000 USD/kWDiscussions are currently under way.
Potential sites
Major Technical issue to be addressed- systems ability absorb fluctuations
International Support
• Generation and Transmission expansion planning (Technical & Capacity building)
• Concessionary financial support (Financial)• Subsidy reforms (Technical)• FIT for other renewable energy technologies such as Solar PV,
Concentrated Solar Thermal (Technical and capacity Building)• Study on Wave Power, Geothermal and Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion (OTEC) (Technical & Capacity Building)• Biomass collection, storage and clearing houses (Financial)• Pump Storage (Financial & Technical)• Smart Grid for the Sri Lankan Power System (Financial, Technical
& Capacity Building)• Civil Society Strengthening (Capacity Building)
for achieving new renewable energy targets
