Renaissance Culture Renaissance Culture PowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint Presentation

Mr. FurrMr. FurrWorld HistoryWorld History

Mt. Pleasant High SchoolMt. Pleasant High SchoolMarch 9, 2004March 9, 2004

As we will see, the Renaissance will affect As we will see, the Renaissance will affect many things in European culture. These many things in European culture. These include:include: LiteratureLiterature ArtArt EducationEducation MusicMusic

For the purpose of this PowerPoint, we will For the purpose of this PowerPoint, we will focus on the first two.focus on the first two.

OriginsOrigins

The renaissance began on the Italian The renaissance began on the Italian Peninsula around the year 1450. Italy Peninsula around the year 1450. Italy was not a country yet. Instead, the was not a country yet. Instead, the peninsula was controlled by a series of peninsula was controlled by a series of city-states. Each city-state had its own city-states. Each city-state had its own government and identity. Often these government and identity. Often these states saw vicious fighting among the states saw vicious fighting among the city’s wealthiest families for control of city’s wealthiest families for control of the city itself.the city itself.

The Ruling CitiesThe Ruling Cities

Trade built the Renaissance. After the Trade built the Renaissance. After the crusades, trade contacts flourished. The crusades, trade contacts flourished. The Crusaders increased the demand for Crusaders increased the demand for goods and technologies from Asia. goods and technologies from Asia.

Three cities would arise through this Three cities would arise through this trade to dominate the Italian trade to dominate the Italian Renaissance = Venice, Florence, and Renaissance = Venice, Florence, and Rome. Other cities like Milan played Rome. Other cities like Milan played lesser roles too.lesser roles too.

SecularismSecularism

The Renaissance marked several changesThe Renaissance marked several changes

1. Change from a religious view of life 1. Change from a religious view of life to a secular one.to a secular one.

2. The Catholic Church declined in 2. The Catholic Church declined in power.power.

3. Humanism develops= focus on 3. Humanism develops= focus on fulfillment in life now rather than waitingfulfillment in life now rather than waiting

and revive the study of Roman and Greek and revive the study of Roman and Greek discoveries.discoveries.

LiteratureLiterature Renaissance writers expanded the Renaissance writers expanded the

use of vernacular language.use of vernacular language. This increase in vernacular use This increase in vernacular use

increased the popularity of books.increased the popularity of books. Also influenced change in education.Also influenced change in education.

Examples of Prominent Examples of Prominent Renaissance WritersRenaissance Writers

CastiglioneCastiglione Book of the CourtierBook of the Courtier Gave “instructions” on how the nobility was Gave “instructions” on how the nobility was

supposed to actsupposed to act Supposedly, this was one of 3 books by Charles Supposedly, this was one of 3 books by Charles

V’s bedside (this, the Bible, and V’s bedside (this, the Bible, and The Prince)The Prince) PetrarchPetrarch

Father of humanism—influenced heavily by Father of humanism—influenced heavily by Roman works (esp. Cicero).Roman works (esp. Cicero).

Did not use the vernacular, very intellectual.Did not use the vernacular, very intellectual.

Examples of Prominent Examples of Prominent Renaissance WritersRenaissance Writers

DanteDante Famous work—Famous work—Divine Comedy—Divine Comedy—poked fun at poked fun at

medieval lifemedieval life ChaucerChaucer

Famous work—Famous work—Canterbury Tales—Canterbury Tales—author’s way author’s way of representing all classes of English societyof representing all classes of English society

Christine de PizanChristine de Pizan Famous work—Famous work—The Book of the City of LadiesThe Book of the City of Ladies——

denounced popular fact that women (by their denounced popular fact that women (by their nature alone) were unable to learnnature alone) were unable to learn

Advocated for the right to attend same schools Advocated for the right to attend same schools as menas men

The Book that Changed it allThe Book that Changed it all

The PrinceThe Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli, , by Niccolo Machiavelli, describes the qualities that can make a describes the qualities that can make a leader great. It is a guide book for rulers leader great. It is a guide book for rulers and the behavior that will allow them to and the behavior that will allow them to rule and keep their power in times of crisis.rule and keep their power in times of crisis.

MachiavelliMachiavelli stresses that Christian stresses that Christian principles have little to do with efficient principles have little to do with efficient rule. This contradicted the old Middle Ages rule. This contradicted the old Middle Ages beliefs.beliefs.

This increase in the This increase in the popularity of books popularity of books would never have would never have been possible without been possible without a key invention in a key invention in 1455.1455.

Johann Gutenberg Johann Gutenberg invented the Printing invented the Printing PressPress

ARTART This area felt the largest This area felt the largest

impact during the impact during the Renaissance. Renaissance.

The 4 great masters of the The 4 great masters of the Renaissance—the Teenage Renaissance—the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles?Mutant Ninja Turtles? Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci MichelangeloMichelangelo RaphaelRaphael DonatelloDonatello

The PopeThe Pope

The Pope would help shape the The Pope would help shape the Renaissance by hiring new artists to Renaissance by hiring new artists to decorate the Vatican City. decorate the Vatican City. Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci were all hired by the Church da Vinci were all hired by the Church to create some of their best works of to create some of their best works of art.art.

Pope ContinuedPope Continued

During the Renaissance, the office of During the Renaissance, the office of the Pope became more of a secular the Pope became more of a secular office than a Religious one as Popes office than a Religious one as Popes bought and sold art. The Pope also bought and sold art. The Pope also became heavily involved in politics became heavily involved in politics and wars between ruling families.and wars between ruling families.

New TechniquesNew Techniques

Fresco painting, painting on wet plaster, Fresco painting, painting on wet plaster, became the new method of the day.became the new method of the day.

Artists developed perspective( adding Artists developed perspective( adding depth to a painting), and focused on depth to a painting), and focused on bright colors and out door scenes.bright colors and out door scenes.

Artists evoked humanism by portraying Artists evoked humanism by portraying religious scenes done in a modern religious scenes done in a modern setting, or by recreating scenes from setting, or by recreating scenes from mythologymythology

da Vincida Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was the illegitimate son Leonardo da Vinci was the illegitimate son

of a government official and a peasant girl.of a government official and a peasant girl. He got a decent education and secured a He got a decent education and secured a

member of the de Medici family as his member of the de Medici family as his patron.patron.

He was a scientist and inventor (among He was a scientist and inventor (among other things)…not just an artist.other things)…not just an artist.

Leonardo the dyslexic with ADD

Examples of da Vinci’s Examples of da Vinci’s paintingspaintings

The Last Supper

Left: Leonardo’s self-portraitLeft: Leonardo’s self-portrait Right: Right: Mona LisaMona Lisa

MichelangeloMichelangelo Was both a painter, sculptor, and architectWas both a painter, sculptor, and architect Mother died young, left in father’s care who Mother died young, left in father’s care who

was a petty government official for the di was a petty government official for the di Medici familyMedici family

Created well-known sculptures by the age of Created well-known sculptures by the age of 1616

Was under the de Medici’s patronage, like da Was under the de Medici’s patronage, like da Vinci was 20 years earlierVinci was 20 years earlier There was much hostility between Michelangelo There was much hostility between Michelangelo

and da Vinci, possibly due to the former’s violent and da Vinci, possibly due to the former’s violent tempertemper

Forced to work for the pope?Forced to work for the pope?

Michelangelo below and the infamous ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to the left.

Scenes from The Creation in the Sistine Chapel.

More MichelangeloMore Michelangelo

He wasn’t a painter first, or by choiceHe wasn’t a painter first, or by choice He felt forced (pressure by pope or He felt forced (pressure by pope or

need for money) to do the Sistine need for money) to do the Sistine Chapel WorkChapel Work

He was also a sculptor and architectHe was also a sculptor and architect Note he also made the tomb for Pope Note he also made the tomb for Pope

Julius II, the man he wasn’t crazy to Julius II, the man he wasn’t crazy to work for!work for!

Left: can you identify this famous statue?

Right: the Pieta. Who are those people?

RaphaelRaphael Grew up in Urbino, center of high culture Grew up in Urbino, center of high culture

in the Papal Statesin the Papal States Father was a minor artist who encouraged Father was a minor artist who encouraged

his son’s ambitionshis son’s ambitions Studied under da Vinci and Michelangelo Studied under da Vinci and Michelangelo

but didn’t seem to have the latter two but didn’t seem to have the latter two artists’ “issues”artists’ “issues”

Also heavily engaged by Pope Julius II to Also heavily engaged by Pope Julius II to do work in Sistine Chapel and Vaticando work in Sistine Chapel and Vatican

Left: The Ascension Right: Marriage of the Virgin

Raphael was best known for his Madonna paintings.

Raphael—School of AthensRaphael—School of Athens

There are many neat things in this paintingThere are many neat things in this painting

Euclid demonstrating Geometry

Plato and Aristotle

Diogenes the Cynic

Socrates teaching-dressed like a monk

In your historical opinion, what does this painting say about Raphael’s attitude towards the Renaissance?

Architectural perspective of this painting.

DonatelloDonatello Major sculptor from FlorenceMajor sculptor from Florence Little reliable information from early Little reliable information from early

lifelife Artistic career widely known, Artistic career widely known,

recognized, and documentedrecognized, and documented Completed statues as well as Completed statues as well as reliefsreliefs

Left: statue of Mary Magdalene

Right: statue of Madonna and Child

Donatello’s ReliefsDonatello’s Reliefs

Do these artists featured in this Do these artists featured in this PowerPoint exhibit the humanistic PowerPoint exhibit the humanistic trend of more realistic, human-like trend of more realistic, human-like forms?forms?

Take a look at the next couple of Take a look at the next couple of slides, write down in your notes slides, write down in your notes whether you think the work is from whether you think the work is from the Middle Ages or the Renaissance.the Middle Ages or the Renaissance.

Picture 1 Picture 2

Picture 3

Picture 4

Picture 5

Picture 6

Picture 7

Picture 8

The Renaissance moves The Renaissance moves NorthNorth

By the year 1500, the Renaissance spread By the year 1500, the Renaissance spread from Italy to all other European nations.from Italy to all other European nations.

Spain= Miguel Cervantes wrote Don Spain= Miguel Cervantes wrote Don Quixote expressing realism and idealismQuixote expressing realism and idealism

Lope de Vega wrote 1,500 playsLope de Vega wrote 1,500 plays

England= William Shakespeare wrote many England= William Shakespeare wrote many dramas to appeal to human emotion and dramas to appeal to human emotion and psychologypsychology

Art Moves NorthArt Moves North

Artists Northern Europe traveled to Artists Northern Europe traveled to Italy to study the new techniques. Italy to study the new techniques. They discovered realism and oil They discovered realism and oil paint. paint.

Durer and van Eyck used human Durer and van Eyck used human form and realism to create great form and realism to create great portraits for the rich and famous portraits for the rich and famous classes of Northern Europe.classes of Northern Europe.