Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Rena Angelidaki

A sustainable solution for pig manure treatment: Environmental compliance with the

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive (PIGMAN)

PIGMAN

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Cost EU project - PartnersCost EU project - Partners

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

• Contamination soil and ground waterContamination soil and ground water

• Contamination surface waterContamination surface water

• Emission of green house gasses Emission of green house gasses (carbon dioxide and methane)(carbon dioxide and methane)

• Emission of ammonia gas Emission of ammonia gas (acidification)(acidification)

• Odour emissionOdour emission

Main environmental problems caused by pig manure

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Pig manure on Cyprus

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

To develop and test a working prototype To develop and test a working prototype of a digester + water treatment plant:of a digester + water treatment plant:

• Removal of organic matter (anaerobic Removal of organic matter (anaerobic digestdigestion)ion)

• P precipitation as struviteP precipitation as struvite• N remN removal by partial ammonia oval by partial ammonia

oxidation processoxidation process

Main objective PIGMAN

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Process flow chartProcess flow chart

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Biogas

Digester

Other

Manure Water Water treatment

Solids Compost

Anaerorbic digestionAnaerorbic digestion

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Mg2+ + NH4+ + HPO4

2- + 6H2O MgNH4 PO4 · 6H2O + H+ P removal as struvite

Struvite precipitation

• > 90% of the phosphate is removed from the water

• Solids and organic matters are removes which gives50% COD reduction and 30% N reduction

• Every kg P gives 7,9 kg MgAP(MgAP is a fertilizer which can be dry used)

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Ammonia removalAmmonia removal• Conventional: nitrification/denitrificationConventional: nitrification/denitrification

• Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited Novel: OLAND = oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrificationautotrophic nitrification/denitrification

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Flowsheet suggestionFlowsheet suggestion

Anaerobic dig.

Separation

UASB reactor

Anphos Oland process

Clean Waste Water

CH4-prod., COD reduction

COD reduction

CH4-prod., COD reduct., Part. P removal

P removal, partial N removal

N removal

Filtrate (permeate)

Fibers

Concentrate

Decanted effluentAnaerobic

Digester

Membranefiltrationtank

Decantercentrifuge

Pig manure

Biogas

UASB

1

2 4

5 6

8

Storage tank

7 ANPHOS

biogas

OLAND

3

Filtrate (permeate)

Fibers

Concentrate

Decanted effluentAnaerobic

Digester

Membranefiltrationtank

Decantercentrifuge

Pig manure

Biogas

UASB

1

2 4

5 6

8

Storage tank

7 ANPHOS

biogas

OLAND

3

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

DTU’s activities:DTU’s activities:

• Codigestion of manure together with Codigestion of manure together with animal byproductsanimal byproducts

• Ultrafiltration of centrifugateUltrafiltration of centrifugate

• Struvite precipitationStruvite precipitation

• UASB reactor for further COD UASB reactor for further COD removalremoval

• Oland processOland process

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Hegndal biogas plantHegndal biogas plant

Reactor Decanter Centrifuge Ultra filter

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

The effluent from the decanter centrifuge is collected in an underground tank (Hegndal Biogas plant).

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

The tank (H=170cm, D=130cm) where the membrane was installed

Technical specifications of Mitsubishi membranes MBR test unit given by the supplier:

Membranes: Submerged, capilliar

Producer: Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Japan

Surface membrane: 1.5 m2

Withdrawal flow: 30 l/hr

Back flush flow: 1.5 * withdrawal flow = 45 l/hr

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Membrane filtration unit.

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

The liquor in the membrane filtration tankThe liquor in the membrane filtration tank

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Foaming 12 hours after initiation of the Foaming 12 hours after initiation of the filtrationfiltration

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Clogged membrane after 3 days of Clogged membrane after 3 days of operationoperation

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

The liquor after membrane The liquor after membrane filtrationfiltration

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Biofilm formation on the Biofilm formation on the membrane surfacemembrane surface

Microbial communites in the Microbial communites in the biofilm studied by FISHbiofilm studied by FISH

Biofilm microbial Biofilm microbial community overview (DAPI)community overview (DAPI)

EubacteriaEubacteria (EUB 338 and EUB 338+) (EUB 338 and EUB 338+) ArchaeaArchaea (ARC 915) (ARC 915)

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Conclusions for the membrane Conclusions for the membrane filtration stepfiltration step

• Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour.Maximal obtained outflow rate -12 L filtrate per hour.• Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12 Aeration of the membrane creates foaming after 12

hours.hours.• Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4 Clogging of the membrane was observed after 3-4

days of operation (back flushing with water was not days of operation (back flushing with water was not able to completely remove accumulated particles).able to completely remove accumulated particles).

• The membrane was not suitable for practical The membrane was not suitable for practical application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge application (filtration of the decanter centrifuge effluent).effluent).

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) experimentsexperiments

Institute of Environment & ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark

Future activitiesFuture activities

• Treatment of the Treatment of the UASB effluents with:UASB effluents with:

– AnphosAnphos

– OlandOland