Religious Reformations. Protestant Reformation Background Printing Press Printing Press Spread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas Emphasis on

Religious ReformationsReligious Reformations

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation BackgroundBackground

Printing PressPrinting Press• Spread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas

Emphasis on social reformEmphasis on social reform• Church as central forceChurch as central force

Church AbusesChurch Abuses Fought many political wars about power and wealthFought many political wars about power and wealth

PopesPopes Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Had to finance new lifestyleHad to finance new lifestyle

• Increased fees on marriage and baptismIncreased fees on marriage and baptism

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

IndulgencesIndulgences Quicker exit from purgatoryQuicker exit from purgatory

• Middle Ages- granted for good deedsMiddle Ages- granted for good deeds

• Now- could be bought with moneyNow- could be bought with money Angered many ChristiansAngered many Christians

Martin LutherMartin Luther German monk and professor of TheologyGerman monk and professor of Theology

• Disillusioned with ChurchDisillusioned with Church Wittenberg Church offered indulgencesWittenberg Church offered indulgences

• Entrance into heaven for them and dead Entrance into heaven for them and dead relativesrelatives


95 Theses95 Theses Last straw for LutherLast straw for Luther Wrote 95 ThesesWrote 95 Theses

• Posted on churchPosted on church Distributed overnightDistributed overnight

Church immediately asked Luther to recant his Church immediately asked Luther to recant his viewsviews Luther refusedLuther refused

• Wrote more and urged people to reject Christian authorityWrote more and urged people to reject Christian authority Luther was excommunicatedLuther was excommunicated


Luther’s teachingsLuther’s teachings All citizens have equal access to God through faith All citizens have equal access to God through faith

and the Bibleand the Bible Translated the Bible into GermanTranslated the Bible into German Every town has a schoolEvery town has a school Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimage, and

prayers to Saintsprayers to Saints Mass was focused on sermon Mass was focused on sermon Nicknamed Protestants Nicknamed Protestants


Peace of AugsbergPeace of Augsberg Charles V and Lutheran PrincesCharles V and Lutheran Princes Fought over ReligionFought over Religion Signed in 1553Signed in 1553 Gave choice to Prince to pick either Gave choice to Prince to pick either

Catholic or LutheranCatholic or Lutheran


Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland Reformation John CalvinJohn Calvin

• Trained as a priest and lawyerTrained as a priest and lawyer• Shared in many of Luther’s beliefsShared in many of Luther’s beliefs

PredestinationPredestination• God had long ago determined who would gain God had long ago determined who would gain

salvationsalvation• Saints and SinnersSaints and Sinners


Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland Reformation GenevaGeneva Asked Calvin to run cityAsked Calvin to run city

• TheocracyTheocracy Created CalvinismCreated Calvinism

CalvinismCalvinism Very strict rulesVery strict rules

Ideas spread quicklyIdeas spread quickly Caused many religious warsCaused many religious wars Catholics and Lutherans opposed CalvinismCatholics and Lutherans opposed Calvinism

English ReformationEnglish Reformation

Henry VIIIHenry VIII Strongly against protestant revoltStrongly against protestant revolt Had no male heirHad no male heir Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and Wanted marriage annulled, so he could remarry and

have a sonhave a son• Pope said noPope said no

Henry VIII furiousHenry VIII furious• Took over English ChurchTook over English Church• Killed anyone who disagreedKilled anyone who disagreed

Anglican ChurchAnglican Church• Kept mostly Catholic forms of worshipKept mostly Catholic forms of worship


Henry VIII DiedHenry VIII Died Edward VI took overEdward VI took over

Strong ProtestantStrong Protestant ““Book of Common Prayer”Book of Common Prayer”

• Required in Church servicesRequired in Church services Moderate form of Protestant Moderate form of Protestant

ServiceService


Edward VI diedEdward VI died Mary Tudor took overMary Tudor took over

Henry VIII daughterHenry VIII daughter Returned England back to Returned England back to

CatholicismCatholicism Burned people at the stakeBurned people at the stake


Mary Tudor diedMary Tudor died Elizabeth I took OverElizabeth I took Over

Henry VIII’s daughterHenry VIII’s daughter More ProtestantMore Protestant Elizabethan SettlementElizabethan Settlement Compromise between Protestant and Compromise between Protestant and

Catholic practicesCatholic practices

English ReformEnglish Reform

Satisfied both religionsSatisfied both religions Ended war and turmoilEnded war and turmoil Kept many Catholic traditions, but Kept many Catholic traditions, but

made England mainly Protestant made England mainly Protestant nationnation

Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation

Pope Paul IIIPope Paul III Wanted to revive moral authority of Wanted to revive moral authority of

churchchurch Stop Protestant pushStop Protestant push

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent Met for almost 20 yearsMet for almost 20 years Reaffirmed Catholic viewsReaffirmed Catholic views


Salvation comes through faith and Salvation comes through faith and good worksgood works

Bible is not only source of truthBible is not only source of truth Ends church abusesEnds church abuses Better educated clergyBetter educated clergy


InquisitionInquisition Fought ProtestantsFought Protestants Church court used secret testimony, torture, and Church court used secret testimony, torture, and

execution to find out informationexecution to find out information

LegacyLegacy Most Europeans remained CatholicMost Europeans remained Catholic Brought back many Protestant convertsBrought back many Protestant converts Still many debates and wars about religion Still many debates and wars about religion

in Governmentin Government

AssignmentAssignment Create your own version of ChristianityCreate your own version of Christianity

Most of the new religions were based off Christian ideals Most of the new religions were based off Christian ideals with their own unique twistwith their own unique twist

Your job is to create another religion based on Your job is to create another religion based on ChristianityChristianity

You must includeYou must include• A general description about what the main ideas of your A general description about what the main ideas of your

religion are religion are • 5 parts of Christianity you would keep5 parts of Christianity you would keep• 5 new ideas that will be applied to your religion5 new ideas that will be applied to your religion• A name for your religionA name for your religion• A Symbol for your religionA Symbol for your religion

Documents

Religious Reformations. Protestant Reformation Background Printing Press Printing Press Spread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas Emphasis on