RELAX : An Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Bashir Yahya, Jalel Ben-Othman

University of Versailles, France

ICC 2010

OutlineOutlineIntroductionRelated WorkRELAX ProtocolPerformance EvaluationConclusion

IntroductionIntroductionRouting in sensor networks is a very

challenging task and different from routing in either wired or other wireless networks

IntroductionIntroductionRouting techniques can be classified

according to the protocol operation into◦Negotiation based◦Query based◦QoS based ◦Multipath based

IntroductionIntroductionRouting techniques can be classified

according to the protocol operation into◦Negotiation based

Have the objective to eliminate the redundant data

◦Query based◦QoS based ◦Multipath based

IntroductionIntroductionRouting techniques can be classified

according to the protocol operation into◦Negotiation based◦Query based

Sink broadcast a query for data over the network

◦QoS based ◦Multipath based

IntroductionIntroductionRouting techniques can be classified

according to the protocol operation into◦Negotiation based◦Query based◦QoS based

Make a tradeoff between the energy consumption and some QoS metrics before delivering

◦Multipath based

IntroductionIntroductionRouting techniques can be classified

according to the protocol operation into◦Negotiation based◦Query based◦QoS based ◦Multipath based

Improve the network performance in terms of reliability and robustness

IntroductionIntroductionClassical multipath routing has been

explored for two reasons◦Load balance

Disjoint paths Longer lifetime

◦Increase reliable data delivery

Related WorkRelated WorkDirected Diffusion

◦Maintain an interest cache◦Selecting good paths

Drawback ◦Requires periodic interest broadcast◦More energy consumption in control traffic

C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin “Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networking.”, ACM MobiCom 2000.

Related WorkRelated WorkN-to-1

◦Finds different node-disjoint paths ◦Spanning tree structure ◦Distribute the traffic in order to improve the

reliability and security of the data transmissionDrawback

◦Not consider the node’s energy level ◦Lacks of an efficient load balancing

mechanism to distribute the traffic in an energy efficient manner

W. Lou, “An efficient N-to-1 mutlipath routing protocol in wireless sensor networks”, MASS 2005.

MotivationMotivationImproving energy efficiency in routing

protocols mainly is based on ◦Reducing the overhead caused by

Control traffic during construction and maintenance phase

Selecting good routes that reduce energy through an appropriate cost function

GoalGoalMinimize the energy consumption

through distributing and balancing the load across the multiple paths

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolAssumption

◦N identical sensor nodes◦Distributed randomly◦Multihop ◦Same transmission range◦Two alkaline batteries(15 mins)◦Each node compute its

Residual energy Available duffer size Link quality between itself and its neighboring node’s

SNR

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolBattery Issues

◦Capacity 、 Recovery(Relaxation Phenomenon)

IL

: Battery capacity (245,910)

: non-linear battery behavior during charging and discharging periods(4,034): Battery lifetime: Discharging current

D. Rakhmatov, S. Vrudhula, “An Analytical High Level Battery Model for Use in Energy Management of Portable Electronic Systems,” ICCAD, 2001.

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolInitialization phase

◦Hello message

◦Cost function

◦RREQ message

◦Total cost

The set of neighbors of x

Current residual energy of y Available buffer

size of y

SNR for thelink xy

Y. M. Lu, V. W. S. Wong, “An energy multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks”, International Journal of communication system, 2007.

(SNR)

nodes

link costs

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolPath discovery phase

◦Accept only one RREQ message

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolRoute Refreshing

◦Source periodically floods a KEEPALIVE message

Next-Hop-ID

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolTraffic allocation and Data Transmission

◦A subset of the available paths(N paths) to transfer the message in order to Distribute the load Avoid the fast battery drains

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolTraffic allocation and Data Transmission

◦Paths Selection

S. Dulman, T. Nieberg, J. Wu, P. Havinga, “Trade-off between Traffic Overhead and Reliability in Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks”, WCNC-2003.

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolTraffic allocation and Data Transmission

◦Message Segmentation and FEC Codes Generation (where M < k)

Z. Xiong; Z. Yang; W. Liu; Z. Feng, “A Lightweight FEC Algorithm for Fault Tolerant Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, WiCOM 2006.

RELAX ProtocolRELAX ProtocolMessage Forwarding and Recovery

Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Energy Consumption

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Delivery Ratio

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Delay

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Node Lifetime

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Energy Consumption

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Delivery Ratio

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Delay

Performance EvaluationPerformance EvaluationAverage Node Lifetime

ConclusionConclusionRELAX protocol utilizes the relaxation

effect of the battery to increase the overall lifetime of the sensor network

Simulation results show that RELAX protocol achieves more energy savings, lower average delay, higher delivery ratio, and long node lifetime duration than other protocols