Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America

8/17/2019 Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America

1/120


2/120


3/120

Regional Lighting Efciency

Strategy in Central America


4/120

Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy in Central America


5/120

Table of ContentsIntroduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. 9

Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 11

1. Background/Justication ............................................................................................................................... 15

1.1. Potential benets of the transition .......................................................................................................... 15

1.2. Current situation of efcient lighting in the region ............................................................................... 16

1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy .............................................................................. 24

2. Minimum Energy Performance Standards .................................................................................................... 25

2.1. Current situation ..................................................................................................................................... 25

2.2. Logical framework ................................................................................................................................. 27

2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region ......................................................... 31

2.4. Progress indicators ................................................................................................................................. 36

3. Support Mechanisms and Policies ................................................................................................................ 37

3.1. Current situation and legal framework .................................................................................................. 37

3.2. Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................ 38

3.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities .................................................................................. 42


4. Monitoring, verication and enforcement .................................................................................................... 51

4.1. Current situation and existing legal framework ..................................................................................... 51

4.2. Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................ 52

4.3. Detailed process to implement priority activities in the areas of monitoring, verication and

enforcement ............................................................................................................................................ 55


5. Environmental Sound Management .............................................................................................................. 61

5.1 Current situation ...................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2 Existing legal framework in the countries .............................................................................................. 61

5.3 Logical Framework ................................................................................................................................. 63

5.4 Detailed Process to Implement Environmental Sound Management ..................................................... 66

5.5 Progress indicators .................................................................................................................................. 70

6. Impact Indicators .......................................................................................................................................... 71


6/120


6.1. Impact indicators for the application of the comprehensive transition strategy to

efcient lighting ............................................................................................................................................ 71

6.2. Reducing consumption and demand of residential consumers .............................................................. 71

6.3. Reducing electricity bills of subsidized residential consumers as a result of the transition residenciales como resultado del reemplazo .............................................................................................. 72

6.4. Reducing electricity generation and fuel consumption to reduce overall consumption ........................72

6.5. Savings in fuel purchases through reduced consumption ...................................................................... 73

6.6. Reducing nancing necessary for new generation capacity by reducing demand in peak hours ..........74

6.7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) from a reduction in fuel consumption used

for generation ......................................................................................................................................... 74

6.8. Reducing the environmental impact of the small amount of mercury in uorescent

lighting that has been or will be installed to replace incandescent lighting ........................................... 75

7. Financial Framework .................................................................................................................................... 77

7.1. Budget and period .................................................................................................................................. 77

7.2. Considerations when constructing cash ows based on savings in fuel purchases ...............................77

7.3. Considerations when constructing cash ows based on savings in subsidies .......................................78

7.4. Scenario with savings in unused fuel by country ................................................................................... 79

7.5. Scenario with savings in subsidies by country ...................................................................................... 80

7.6. Opportunities for Financing ................................................................................................................... 81

7.7. Social Benets ....................................................................................................................................... 82

8. Appendices ............................................................................................................................................... 83

Appendix 1. Regional initiatives ................................................................................................................... 83

Appendix 2. Regional legal framework on lighting efciency ..................................................................... 85

Appendix 3. References to international free trade agreements related to transitions to


Appendix 4. Global MEPS for efcient lighting .......................................................................................... 89

Appendix 5. Proposed communications plan for the regional strategy on transitioning to


Appendix 6. Preliminary proposal to be evaluated by experts on sanctions that should be applied

when supervising compliance with approved minimum standards .............................................................. 96 Appendix 7. Budget ...................................................................................................................................... 98

Appendix 8. Regional scenarios using nancial resources ......................................................................... 100

Appendix 9. Scenarios by country, using nancial resources ..................................................................... 101

Appendix 10. Minutes of meeting of Energy Ministers of Mesoamerica ................................................... 109

Appendix 11. Minutes of approval of the strategy ...................................................................................... 114


7/120

List of Illustrations

Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and the Dominican Republic .............17

Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed ...................................................................................................18

Illustration 3. Label design .....................................................................................................................................43

Illustration 4. Countries with efcient lighting regulations .................................................................................... 89

List of Tables

Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the implementation of the

proposed strategy .................................................................................................................................... 13

Table 2. Investment requried by the region to implement the strategy ................................................................. 13

Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country ................................................................................. 14

Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country ........................................................................... 14

Table 5. Benets of the transition to efcient lighting .......................................................................................... 15

Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant .......................................................................................................... 16

Table 7. Regional electricity consumption ............................................................................................................ 17

Table 8. General lighting installed in the region ................................................................................................... 18

Table 9. General lighting installed for subsidized consumers .............................................................................. 19

Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region ................................................................................ 21

Table 11. Obstacles in the region .......................................................................................................................... 23

Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL lightbulbs ............................................ 25

Table 13. CFL efciency ....................................................................................................................................... 32

Table 14. Power factor and harmonic distortion values ........................................................................................ 33

Table 15. Efciency levels needed for the Mesoamerica Award .......................................................................... 44

Table 16. Requirements for small and large collectors ......................................................................................... 67


8/120


6


9/120

7

The United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP) and the Global

Environment Facility (GEF), together

with the private sector, have launched the

en.lighten initiative as the umbrella organization

to promote lighting efciency around the world.The main goal of this initiative is to transform

the world’s current lighting market to efcient

lighting by promoting energy efcient and high

performing lighting and eliminating sources of

inefcient lighting.

To develop the regional strategy, UNEP, together

with its regional partners: the Mesoamerica

Project, the Central American Integration

System, the Central American Commission for

Environment and Development and the Mexican

Electric Power Saving Trust Fund, agreed to a

work plan that included four stages: a) planning

and preparing activities; b) launch workshops; c)

developing the regional strategy document; and

d) completion and adoption.

In the rst quarter they elaborated a document

that established the baseline of lighting in the

Central American region. This was launched at a

workshop held in February 2013 in San Salvador,

El Salvador. The study presented detailed

information about the current status of lighting

in the region; it included the region’s strengths,

which contribute to the transition process to

efcient lighting, as well as opportunitiesto resolve the main obstacles that have been

identied in the region.

In particular, one of the main nancial obstacles

that was identied was the high cost of Compact

Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) in the local and

regional market when compared to incandescent

lighting. Another obstacle was the lack of tax

incentives or nancing mechanisms for energy

efciency or lighting efciency initiatives. One

technical obstacle was having no verication

standards for lighting products.

This document presents the Regional Lighting

Efciency Strategy, which sets forth the

logical steps needed to transition to efcient

lighting systems. This strategy was approved

by the Ministers of Energy of Mesoamerica on

December 6th, 2013, in Panama City, Panama.

Introduction


10/120


8


11/120

9

AcronymsCATR Central Amer ican Technical Regulations

CCAD Central American Commission for Environment and Development

CDEEE Dominican Corporation of State Electricity Companies

CFE Federal Electricity Commission (Mexico)

CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamps

CNE National Energy Council (El Salvador)

CNEE National Electricity Commission (Guatemala)

CNFL Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz (Costa Rica)

COGUANOR Guatemalan Standards Commission

COMIECO Central American Council of Ministers for Economic Integration

CONEE National Energy Efciency Council (Guatemala)

CU Customs Union

DSE Energy Sector Ofce (Costa Rica)

ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

EDMP Executive Direction of the Mesoamerica Project

EE Energy Efciency

ENEE National Electricity Company (Honduras)

FIDE Electric Power Saving Trust Fund (Mexico)

GAUREE Autonomous Generation and Rational Use of Energy Project (Honduras)

GEF Global Environment Facility

GIZ German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ in German)

ICE Costa Rica Electricity Institute

INDE National Electrication Institute (Guatemala)

MADS Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (Colombia)

MARN Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (El Salvador)

MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining (Guatemala)

MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy (Costa Rica)

MP Mesoamerica Project

MSS Mandatory Salvadoran Standard

NLTC National Lighting Test Centre of China

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OLADE Latin American Energy Organization

PALCEE Energy Efciency for Central America and the Caribbean Program

PNESER National Sustainable Electricity and Renewable Energy Program (Nicaragua)

PESAE El Salvador Saves Energy Program

PRONASE 2009-2012 National Sustainable Energy Program (Mexico)

PROURE Rational Use, Energy Efciency and Non-Conventional Energy Sources Program (Colombia)

SICA Central American Integration System

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

USAID United States Agency for International Development

WTO World Trade Organization


12/120


10


13/120

11

Executive SummaryBackground

The countries in the region (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and

the Dominican Republic) have undertaken numerous initiatives, programs, regulations, communications

campaigns and other actions to improve energy efciency, in general, and lighting efciency, in particular.

Despite these actions to increase lighting efciency, results have been marginal when compared to existing

savings potential due to a lack of systematic measures being adopted by the countries. Currently, many

regulatory frameworks that are applied in the region are based on voluntary technical standards. Other gaps

have to do with the high price of energy efcient lighting devices in the market and the low levels of verication

and supervision of approved regulations.

The United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) en.lighten Initiative

Given the high impact that transition to efcient lighting has on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the

UNEP has implemented the en.lighten initiative worldwide. The purpose of the initiative is to transition

to efcient lighting globally using a toolkit to elaborate and implement projects that include best practices

from projects that have been implemented with the short-term goal of completely eliminating the use ofinefcient lighting worldwide.

Calculations done by en.lighten using information from international organizations and the eight countries

in the region conclude that implementing the rst stage of a transition project in the region would result in

the following:

• A reduction in electricity generation by 2.576 billion kWh/year.

• A reduction in electricity consumption by 4.8% and in energy consumption for lighting by 34.6%.

• Demand for electricity during peak hours would be reduced by 360 MW, avoiding investments in new

generation capacity equal to 450 MW.

• CO2 emissions would be reduced by 942,000 tons annually, and collection and recycling of efcient

light bulbs with a small amount of mercury would prevent 16.9 kg of mercury from being dumped into the

environment.

• A total benet for the region of $406.5 million annually.


14/120


12

Transition to Efcient Lighting Strategy for the Countries in the Region

Using the UNEP’s toolkit methodology and with collaboration from the en.lighten initiative and other environmental

institutions, in November 2012 a workshop led by the Mesoamerica Project was held for experts working

in the energy and environment sectors of the eight countries, Mexico and Colombia; El Salvador’s National

Clean Production Center; and experts invited by the UNEP to plan for the implementation of a strategy project to transition to efcient lighting. The workshop also was used to elaborate a proposal for the basic

guidelines that should be established.

A second regional workshop was held in February 2013, and national workshops were held through May 2013 with

the participation of experts from the rst regional workshop, plus others (Customs ofcials, regulatory organizations,

banks, lighting distributors, international cooperation agencies, civil society and others). Participants approved

guidelines that had been developed for the proposed transition strategy. Finally, a technical workshop and closing

workshop were held in October to validate the strategy that is presented here.

Summary of the main actions included in the strategy proposal

1. Establishing minimum standards for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impact that all lightingdevices must comply with in order to be imported and sold in the countries in the region. These standards

must be the same for all countries and have an implementation plan with a timeframe that is the same for

the entire region.

2. The implementation of policies and support mechanisms that help put the transition project into practice

smoothly, including:

• Establishing a labeling system for lighting devices that helps consumers easily understand the devices’

features.

• A label awarded to lighting devices with the greatest efciency and quality in the market.

• Tax breaks for companies that reduce the price of their devices.

• A program to replace incandescent light bulbs with efcient lighting for low-income families by paying for

the cost of turning in their incandescent light bulbs.

3. A monitoring, verication and enforcement system to certify lighting devices and compliance requirements,

a verication system that shows how devices have complied with requirements and a enforcement system

to apply sanctions to those who have not complied.

4. Implementation of a system to collect and recycle lighting devices at the end of their life to avoid contamination

of small amounts of mercury into the environment.

5. Approval of the mandatory Central American Technical Regulations for Lighting for the eight countries

in the region that states all mandatory standards that have been established to comply with the applied

transition strategy.


15/120

13

Table 1. Principal actions and schedule of forecasted compliance in the

implementation of the proposed strategy.

Principal Actions Date of Compliance

Approve proposed Transition to Efcient Lighting Strategy December 2013

Approve Central American Technical Regulations for Lightingand all chapters

December 2014

Begin communications campaign and training for all actorsrelated to the approved strategy

January 2015

Finalize process to organize, concede, purchase and beginreceiving lighting devices that are necessary for the transition process for low-income families

June 2015

Begin process to certify lighting devices that could be sold inthe region

June 2015

Begin implementing program to replace lighting devices and

collect replaced devices

July 2016

Finalize replacement program June 2016

Prohibit the import of any non-certied devices January 2017

Begin to apply monitoring and enforcement systems January 2017

Prohibit the sale of any non-approved devices January 2018

Begin implementing the system to collect devices with mercuryfor recycling

January 2018

Table 2. Investment required by the region to implement the strategy

Component* Amount (US$)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

1. Awareness campaign 1,756,800 1,756,800 1,756,800

2. Training 328,000

3. Technical assistance 540,000

4. Implementation of replacement programs

17,481,366

Total investment 20,106,166 1,756,800 1,756,800

*The amount assigned to each component over the three years corresponds to funds from international cooperation agencies and each coun-

try in the region.

Indicators of the real impact that will be obtained from implementing the Transition to Efcient Lighting

Strategy in the region

• Reduction in energy generation by 3.09 billion kWh/year and in fuel consumption for that generation by

679,747 tons, equal to $530 million at nominal rates.


16/120

Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy

14

• Reduction in CO2 emissions by 1,956,499 tons/year.

• Avoid $660 million of investments in new generation capacity.

• Eliminate the current environmental impact of 1.38 tons of mercury in lighting devices that are currently

installed and avoid the impact of 0.14 tons of new devices that will be installed.

Results of a nancial evaluation from fuel savings

Table 3. Financial evaluation from fuel savings by country

Country NPV IRR Payback

Belize US$1,078,339 69% 2.96 years

Costa Rica US$230,229,179 909% 1.02 years

El Salvador US$233,479,353 685% 1.04 years

Guatemala US$272,688,009 557% 1.05 yearsHonduras US$2,264,295 63% 2.06 years

Nicaragua US$121,036,849 638% 1.05 years

Panamá US$33,277,407 263% 1.25 years

Results of a nancial evaluation from subsidy savings

Table 4. Financial evaluation from subsidy savings by country

Country NPV IRR Payback

Belize* US$168,791 202% 1.69 years

El Salvador US$27,976,287 249% 1.22 years

Guatemala US$66,802,746 303% 1.15 years

Honduras US$10,593,270 209% 1.37 years

Nicaragua US$15,057,122 230% 1.29 years

Panamá US$15,135,403 190% 1.38 years

Dominican Republic US$12,862,067 124% 1.83 years


17/120

15

1. Background/Justication1.1. Potential benets of the transition

The transition to efcient lighting in the region will bring potential environmental, social and economic benets.

According to estimates from national assessments conducted for each country in the region by en.lighten, the

environmental and energy benets of the transition will equal a total of 942.7 kt of CO2 not being released

into the atmosphere with the implementation of efcient lighting in the countries, in addition to 16.9 kg of

mercury savings. On average, all countries will decrease their national electricity consumption by 5% of totalconsumption with the transition. These savings will result from a decrease in energy consumption for lighting

by 34%, on average, per country. These numbers represent energy savings of 2,576 GWh/year of electricity

consumption for the region, or $406.5 million. At the same time, the savings in generated power will equal 360

MW, or 18 small generators (20MW).

Table 5 shows the benets of the transition for each country in the region except Belize because the country’s

results were not calculated during the lighting evaluation process.

Table 5. Benets of the transition to efcient lighting

Country

Savings

in

millions

of US$/

year

Energy

savings

GWh/year

Power

savings

MW

Percent

savings in

national

electricity

consumption

Percent

savings in

national

electricity

consumption

for lighting

Environmental

benets

kt of

CO2

Environmental

benets

kg of mercury

Costa Rica 58.9 453.9 60 5.20% 34.60% 28.4 0.3

El Salvador 30.2 260.7 40 4.70% 34.50% 71.7 0.2

Guatemala 120.5 529.9 80 6.40% 34.10% 196.5 5.3

Honduras 23.0 195.1 20 3.60% 27.30% 72.7 0.5

Nicaragua 27.2 144.4 20 5.30% 33.40% 73.1 0.2

Panamá 53.4 311.4 40 5.00% 34.60% 93.7 0.2

DominicanRepublic

93.3 680.4 100 4.80% 34.60% 406.6 10.2

Total 406.5 2575.8 360 942.1 16.9

Source: en.lighten country lighting assessments.


18/120


16

1.2. Current situation of efcient lighting in the region

1.2.1. Electric energy in the region

Upon analyzing electricity generation by source, it is observed that in 2012 the hydroelectric plants in

Central America and the Dominican Republic generated the most energy, followed by thermal energy,geothermal, solar and wind. Nuclear energy is not generated in the region, as shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Installed capacity by type of plant

Country Hydroelectric

power

MW

Installed capacity by type of plant (MW)

Hydro Thermal Nuclear Others1 Total

Belize 900 53 91 0 0 144

Costa Rica2 6,474 1,700 613 0 410 2,723

El Salvador 2,165 472 871 0 204 1,547

Guatemala 5,000 891 1,570 0 42 2,510

Honduras 5,000 531 1,089 0 102 1,721

Nicaragua 2,000 105 852 0 150 1,108

Panamá 3,282 1,468 953 0 0.0 2,124

Dominican Republic 2,095 600 2,318 0 85 3,003

Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, corrected by Ministry representatives in 2013

Elaborated by: CNPML technical team

Table 6 shows the predominance of hydroelectric power in 2012. It is important to note the diversity of sources

used to generate electricity. Even though biomass waste and wood have been used for years to generate energy,

they have only recently been included in the analysis and are now becoming more important.

The region’s historic consumption has increased drastically in recent years, especially since the 90s in the

Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Guatemala due mostly to electricity consumption.

_______________1 Others: Geothermal + solar + wind2 Updated through December 2012


19/120

17

Illustration 1. Electric energy consumption 1970 - 2011, Central America and

the Dominican Republic

Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Note: Belize only has records available since 2001

According to OLADE in an analysis of consumption by country in Central America and the Dominican

Republic in 2011, 12.98 TWh are consumed by the Dominican Republic, followed by 8.6 TWh by Costa Rica;

Belize and Nicaragua are the countries that consume the least amount of electricity in the region.

Table 7. Regional electricity consumption

Country Consumption in TWh

Belize 0.56

Costa Rica 8.6

El Salvador 5.9

Guatemala 8.49

Honduras 6.94

Nicaragua 3.75

Panamá 7.17

Dominican Republic 12.98

Source: Economic Energy Information System, OLADE, November 2012, Version 22


0.0

5,000.0

10,000.0

15,000.0

20,000.0

25,000.0

30,000.0

35,000.0

40,000.0

45,000.0

50,000.0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

G W h

Consumo de energía eléctrica

Costa Rica Belice Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Panamá República Dominicana

Consumption of electric power

Belize Panama Dominican Republic


20/120


18

1.2.2. Lighting and electricity consumption in the region

a) Estimated at the level of general lighting in the region

Table 8. General installed lighting in the region

County Incandescent CFL Other Fluorescents Total Installed

Belize 0.05 N.D. 0.30 0.35

Costa Rica 6.50 10.69 4.18 21.37

El Salvador 6.65 17.63 4.24 28.52

Guatemala 7.76 17.35 3.39 28.50

Honduras 0.10 9.14 3.05 12.29

Nicaragua 2.99 3.98 2.19 9.16

Panamá 1.01 5.67 9.40 16.08

Dominican Republic 8.59 49.09 4.31 61.99

Total in the region 33.64 113.52 31.07 178.23

Unit of measure = millions of units

• 63.7% of general lighting in the region are compact uorescent; 18.9% are incandescent.

• Countries that have made massive changes from incandescent (Panama, the Dominican Republic and Honduras)

have a particularly high level of use of CFL within the total of general lighting used, but the lack of sustainability

plans means that incandescent lights are becoming more present.

• El Salvador and Guatemala have high levels of use of CFL over incandescent.

• In the region there are still 33.64 million incandescent lights installed, which consume ve times more energy than

their equivalent CFL

b) Analysis of the specic type of general lighting used with respect to the total installed

Illustration 2. Types of general lighting installed


Incandescents

19%

CFL

64%

Other Fluorescents

17%


21/120

19

c ) A n a l y s i s o f g e n

e r a l l i g h t i n g u s e d b y r e s i d e n t i a

l c o n s u m e r s t h a t p a y f o r t h e s e r v i c e w i t h a s u b s i d y

T a b l e 9 . G e n e r a l l i g h t i n g i n s t a l l e d f o r s u b s i d i z

e d u s e r s

C o u n t r y

R a n g e o f

c o n s u m p t i o n

k W h

C

l i e n t s

w i t h

s u b

s i d i z e d

r a t e s

L i g h t s p e r

c l i e n t

T o t a l l i g

h t s

u s e d b

y

c l i e n t s

% i n c a n d e s c e n t

l i g h t s p e r c l i e n t

T

o t a l

i n c a n

d e s c e n t

l i g h t s

B e l i z e 3

0 – 6 0

6 , 7 8 9

4

2 7 , 1 5 6

5 0 %

1 3 , 5 7 8

C o s t a R i c a 4

0 – 2 0 0

3 3 6 , 5 0 5

4

1 , 3 4 6 , 0 2 0

5 0 %

6 7

3 , 0 1 0

E l S a l v a d o r 5

0 – 9 9

9 6 6 , 0 6 0

5

4 , 8 3 0 , 3 0 0

2 0 %

9 6

6 , 0 6 0

1 0 0 – 1 9 9

3 4 3 , 1 4 9

1 , 7 1 5 , 7 4 5

3 4

3 , 1 4 9

G u a t e m a l a 6

0 – 5 0

1 , 0

7 6 , 5 0 2

5

5 , 3 8 2 , 5 1 0

2 0 %

1 , 0 7 6 , 5 0 2

5 1 – 1 0 0

6 9 2 , 0 3 7

3 , 4 6 0 , 1 8 5

6 9

2 , 0 3 7

1 0 1 – 3 0 0

6 4 0 , 7 7 4

3 , 2 0 3 , 8 7 0

6 4

0 , 7 7 4

H o n d u r a s 7

0 – 1 5 0

5 2 4 , 1 6 8

5

2 , 5 5 0 , 0 0 0

2 0 %

5 2

4 , 1 6 8

N i c a r a g u a 8

0 – 2 5

7 0 0 , 0 5 1

4

2 , 8 0 0 , 2 0 4

2 5 %

7 0

0 , 0 5 1

2 6 - 5 0

5 1 – 1 0 0

1 0 1 – 1 5 0

P a n a m a 9

0 – 1 0 0

2 5 2 , 7 2 9

4

1 , 0 1 0 , 9 1 6

5 0 %

5 0

5 , 4 5 8

1 0 1 – 2 0 0

2 7 9 , 2 4 0

1 , 1 1 6 , 9 6 0

5 5

8 , 4 8 0

D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c 1 0

0 – 2 0 0

5 1 1 , 8 5 4

5

2 , 5 5 9 , 2 7 0

8 0 %

2 , 0 4 7 , 4 1 6

2 0 1 – 3 0 0

T O T A

L

6 , 3

2 9 , 8 5 8

3 0 , 0 7 3 , 9

7 6

8 , 7 4 0 , 6 8 3

3

S o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n : M i n i

s t e r i o d e E n e r g í a , C i e n c i a y T e c n o l o g í a i n

B e l i z e , 2 0 1 3 .

4 C o s t a R i c a d o e s n o t h a v e a r a t e s u b s i d i z e d b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t . F o r t h i s

s t u d y , c l i e n t s w h o c o n s u m e d l e s s t h a n 2 0 0 k W h w e r e u s e d a s l o w - i n c o m e . S o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n : I n s t i t u t o

C o s t a r r i c e n s e d e E l e c t r i c i d d

a n d E n e r g y S e c t o r O f c e , 2 0 1 3 .

5 S o u r c e : C o n s e j o N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3

6 S o u r c e : w e b s i t e o f C o m i s i ó n

N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a E l é c t r i c a , 2 0 1 3

7 S o u r c e : w e b s i t e o f E m p r e s a

N a c i o n a l d e E n e r g í a E l é c t r i c a , 2 0 1 3

8 S o u r c e : M i n i s t e r i o d e E n e r g í a y M i n a s , I n s t i t u t o N i c a r a g ü e n s e d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3

9 S o u r c e : A u t o r i d a d N a c i o n a l d e S e r v i c i o s P ú b l i c o s , S e c r e t a r i a N a c i o n a l

d e E n e r g í a , 2 0 1 3

1 0 S o u r c e : C o m i s i ó n N a c i o n a l

d e E n e r g í a , S u p e r i n t e n d e n c i a d e E l e c t r i c i d

a d , 2 0 1 3


22/120


20

1.2.3. Initiatives in the region to transition to efcient lighting

Several initiatives have been undertaken in the region to transition to efcient lighting, including national or

pilot programs to hand out free CFL to substitute incandescent light bulbs for residential use, regulations that

prohibit incandescent lighting that have been approved or are under consideration, the approval of technicalstandards that provide incentives for lighting efciency, actions to label products and the EnergICE label in

Costa Rica to delineate CFL efciency and quality and agreements with international cooperation agencies for

lighting efciency initiatives, among others. Appendix 1 presents greater detail about initiatives in the region

by country.

1.2.4. Legal framework for efcient lighting

Several countries in the region, in addition to lighting efciency initiatives, have begun to create a legal

framework to ensure the continuity and sustainability of lighting and energy efciency. However, there is still

work left to be done to implement these frameworks since most countries have laws and regulations, but fewhave implementation mechanisms. The following lists include the main regulations found in each country.

Belize: There are no approved regulations, nor any in process. In 2011 the Government of Belize published

a proposal for a national energy policy that included priority areas of ensuring supply, protecting the

environment and competitiveness and energy efciency.

Costa Rica: This country has a Regulatory on Rational Energy Use Act (Law. No. 7447) with regulations

for practically every type of uorescent light and accessories (CATR 376:2000 year 2000). In addition,

it has three technical standards regulating energy efciency for CFL and circline light bulbs (INTE 28-

01-07-2008 year 2008), another for labeling (INTE 28-01-08-2008 year 2011) and a third about testing

methodologies for the rst two (INTE 28-01-09-2008 year 2009).

El Salvador: This country has standards on efciency and performance for FL tubes (MSS: 29.39.01:04

year 2004) and CFL (MSS 29.47.01:09 year 2009). In addition, it has a regulation on testing methodologies

to determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs, requirements for

energy performance and labeling (NSR 25.47.05:09 year 2010).

Guatemala: This country has a regulation on energy efciency for self-ballasted CFL light bulbs in

the process of being approved (COGUANOR NTG 20003) and has approved a testing methodology to

determine electrical measurements and photometrics of CFL and circline light bulbs (COGUANOR NTG

21015). The country also has a voluntary labeling system.

Honduras: This country has a technical standard for energy efciency of self-ballasted CFL, requirements

and labeling (OHN 9:2011 and OHN 10:2011 year 2011) and a law that prohibits the import and sale of

incandescent light bulbs and substitution for CFL (Decree 112-2007).

Nicaragua: This country has two technical standards for self-ballasted CFL – one for energy efciency

(NTON 10 008 – 08 year 2008) and the other for classication and labeling (NTON 10 009 – 08 year

2008).


23/120

21

Panama: This country has Law No. 69 (October 12, 2012), which establishes a national policy for energy

efciency. They are in the process of approving regulations needed for implementation of the Law.

Dominican Republic: This country is contemplating the Energy Efciency and Resource Savings Act. It

has two technical standards approved for CFL: one on efciency (NORDOM 29 003 – 02) and another

for labeling (NORDOM 29 003 – 03).

For more information see Appendix 2, which presents a summary of the region’s legislation.

In addition to establishing a legal framework to promote and sustain energy efciency, most countries

have environmental legislation for the appropriate use and disposal of waste products. The following

Table presents legislation that regulates waste in each country

.

Table 10. Environmental legislation for waste in the region

Country Type Name

Belize Standard Standard for hazardous waste, 2009.

Costa Rica LawRegulation

Comprehensive Waste Management Act, Nº 8839.Regulation for Comprehensive Electronic Waste Management, Nº35933-S.

El Salvador Regulation Special Regulation on Hazardous Substances, By-products and Waste,Decree 41 DO 107 T- 347, year 2000.

Guatemala Law Waste and Special Solid Waste Management Act and Policy.

Honduras Regulation Solid Waste Management, 378-2001.

Nicaragua Standard NTON 05-014-02 Environmental technical standard for themanagement, treatment and nal disposal of non-hazardous solidwaste, NTON 05-0015-02, environmental technical standard for themanagement and elimination of hazardous solid waste and NTON05-013-01 environmental technical standard for the environmentalcontrol of landlls for non-hazardous solid waste.

Panama Law General Solid Waste Act, 2013.

DominicanRepublic

Standard Hazardous and Non-hazardous Waste Management, Treatment andDisposal.

Elaborated by: CNPML team

As indicated above, environmental legislation on waste lacks specic regulations or standards for CFL

waste. However, all countries have undersigned the Basel Convention controlling the transboundary

movement of hazardous waste and their disposal and also have participated in the process to undersign

the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Despite this fact, every country needs to work on creating and

establishing regulations and standards for the proper disposal and management of efcient lighting devices

at the end of their service life.


24/120


22

1.2.5. Free trade agreements

In many cases free trade agreements are conditioned to countries improving best practices in environmental

management, clean production, emissions reductions and energy efciency. Conditions must be established

by pertinent national policies and standards. Countries that have made efforts to transition to efcient lighting

can demonstrate that they have taken actions to improve their environmental conditions. Central Americancountries that have free trade agreements with the European Union, the United States, Mexico and others have

advantages over those that have made no progress on improving national environmental quality.

“Prohibition” mechanisms or the appropriately called mechanisms to transition to efcient lighting exist

because of international trade agreements. For example, the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on

Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT 11) responds to non-tariff barriers and technical requirements that products

must comply with and their respective evaluation procedures. All member countries of the WTO (including

Central America) have the right to elaborate technical requirements (e.g. minimum standards and labeling for

lighting) and procedures to evaluate product quality (e.g. MVE) as long as they do not create unnecessary

barriers to international trade. Technical requirements and procedures must be framed within what the WTO

called “legitimate objectives,” such as harmonization and transparency, among others.

With respect to harmonization, it is important to note that the TBT obligates WTO members to base their technical

regulations, standards and evaluation procedures on international standards, directives and recommendations if

available, except when countries believe they are inappropriate or inefcient. The idea behind harmonization

is to avoid unnecessary duplications of technical regulations and evaluation procedures and to try to promote

the use of international standards. Therefore, the harmonization of standards and labeling that Central America

is attempting to do responds more to the free trade agreements, since they will facilitate the import/export of

efcient devices with trade partners.

Internationally, the European Union demands and supports that other countries approve new measures or

reinforce existing ones to reduce greenhouse gases.12

Therefore, any action taken to reduce emissions in CentralAmerica, including through transitions to efcient lighting, will be supported by the EU. Instead of being an

obstacle to signing free trade agreements with the region, this transition will be a point in the region’s favor.

Appendix 3 references other free trade agreements around the world.

1.2.6. Current support mechanisms

The region has experienced a good number of initiatives and support mechanisms to promote energy

efciency. Based on a report of the current situation of lighting efciency in the region, all countries, with

the exception of Belize, report having national programs to encourage energy efciency. All have received

support from international cooperation agencies, such as GIZ (Germany), USAID (United States Agency for

International Development) and OLADE (Latin American Energy Organization), among others, for energy

efciency projects, including lighting efciency. Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic have proposals for

laws to provide tax breaks for efcient lighting devices. In addition, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua are

working on energy efciency policies. Beyond these efforts, one must also consider the initiatives mentioned

above in section 1.2.2.

______________________11 More information can be found at: http://www.wto.org/spanish/docs_s/legal_s/17-tbt.pdf 12 More information on mitigating climate change can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/publications/docs/supporting_a_climate_for_

change_en.pdf


25/120

23

Costa Rica has an energy efciency laboratory owned by the ICE Corporation (Instituto Costarricense de

Electricidad), which provides services for electrical measurements, photometrics, chromatic measurements

and performance of lighting devices. ICE has an accredited testing methodology to evaluate self-ballasted

CFL (IESNA LM-66-00) and electrical features (INTE 28-01-09-08) (current, real power, lm/W efciency,

total harmonic distortion of the current and power factor), photometric characteristics (initial ow, color

temperature, chromatic coordinates and color rendering index) and maturation evaluations.

1.2.7. Identied barriers

The transition to efcient lighting in the region could face several types of obstacles, including: nancial,

market, regulatory, institutional, informational and awareness and environmental barriers. Table 11 presents

obstacles found in the transition in the region.

Table 11. Obstacles in the region

Obstacles in the region

Financial obstacles-

High costs of CFL and LED lights in the local and regional market whencompared to incandescent lights.

- Not all countries have tax incentives or nancing mechanisms for energy orlighting efciency

Market obstacles - Inhabitants lack a culture of conserving resources in the region, including energyefciency.

- Little competition or diversication of products in the market.

- Not all countries have an enforcement or monitoring system for lighting productsin the market. Of those that do have a system, not all have proactive institutions.

- There is no lighting production in the region.

- In the case of the Dominican Republic, there are local factories producingincandescent lighting that will have to change their technologies.

Regulatory andinstitutionalobstacles

- Not all countries have policies, legislation, regulations or standards for energyefciency.

- Countries that have technical policies, legislation, regulations or standards forenergy efciency have not standardized them across borders.

- No country in the region has a label for energy efciency, except Costa Rica,which has the EnergICE for different types and brands of CFL.

Technical obstacles - Most countries, except Belize, Honduras and the Dominican Republic haveMinimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS). However, every country,except Costa Rica, lacks a system to verify the standards.

- Institutions that verify those standards do not have technical expertise to verifylighting products properly, such as accredited laboratories or trained personnel.


26/120


24

Obstacles in the region

Informational andawareness obstacles

- Little programming and dissemination of the benets of efcient lighting.

- Lack of nancial resources to promote efcient lighting.

Environmental

obstacles

- No inventory of light bulbs in the region.

- No treatment plants for light bulb waste, and specically, mercury waste.

- Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic havelegislation and regulations for hazardous and special waste management, butimplementation has been inconsistent.

- No country has appropriate nal disposal practices for light bulbs, since mostend up in landlls and open dumps.

Source: Situación actual de iluminación eciente en Centroamérica, Mesoamerica Project. 2013.

1.3. Goals of the Regional Lighting Efciency Strategy

The purpose of the en.lighten initiative is to transform the current global lighting market to one of lighting

efciency by promoting efcient and high-performing lighting technologies and eliminating sources of

inefcient lighting.


27/120

25

2. Minimum EnergyPerformance Standards

2.1. Current situation

The countries in the region have established some minimum standards that can be found in their regulations. The

following Table presents a sample of minimum standards established by three countries that have regulations

for 18 to 20W CFL. For other powers and models (with a cover, reector, etc.) there are no standards in the

current regulations. Honduras does prohibit the import and sale of incandescent lighting in its regulatory

framework.

Table 12. Minimum energy performance standards for 18 to 20 W CFL light bulbs

SpecicationCosta Rica

(INTE 2801)

El Salvador

(MSS 2947)

Nicaragua

(NTON 10 008)

Efcacy. 52 lm/W 52 lm/W 52 lm/W

Lifetime. 10,000 h N/A 6,000 h

Continuity of light ow

over the service life. N/A N/A

90% de nominal (100

h), 80% (2000 h)

Color rendering index

(CRI). N/A N/A N/A

Power factor. 0.5 0.5 0.5

Maximum mercury

content in the bulb.

N/A N/A N/A

N/A: Does not apply to this parameter in the standard


28/120


26

2.1.1. Legal frameworks in the countries

Most countries have voluntary standards that include minimum energy performance standards as mentioned in

section 2.1. For more information on existing legal frameworks, see Appendix 2.

2.1.2. International context for lighting standards

During the last two decades, several countries have adopted policies to improve product energy efciency. One

of the most common policies relates to minimum energy performance standards.

Several evaluations have been done around the world that conclude that MEPS have produced substantial

benets at a low cost, which has led many countries, including most developed countries, to pass regulations

about minimum standards. Other countries have passed legislation and are already implementing it.

Appendix 4 shows a map that highlights countries in red that have established minimum standards or are

implementing those standards. The Appendix also has a summary of the main implementation actions taken

by those countries.

.


29/120

27

2 . 2 . L o g i c a l f r a m

e w o r k

O b j e c t i v e [ i n p r i o r i t y o r d e r ]

E x p e c t e d R e s u l t s

P r i o r i t y A c t i v i t i e s

R e s p o n s i b l e

P a r t y

T i

m e f r a m e

A p p r o v e m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s t o

b e e s t a b l i s h e d i n c o u n t r i e

s i n t h e

r e g i o n

T h a t t h e m i n i m u m s t a

n d a r d s

e s t a b l i s h e d f o r g e n e r a

l

l i g h t i n g d e v i c e s g u a r a

n t e e a

r e d u c t i o n i n e l e c t r i c i t y

c o n s u m p t i o n a n d a s s o

c i a t e d

C O 2 e m i s s i o n s a n d t h a t t h e

s t a n d a r d s , c o n d i t i o n s f o r

a p p l i c a t i o n a n d p e r i o d

o f

v a l i d i t y b e d e f i n e d s o

t h a t t h e

m a r k e t h a s c o n t i n u o u s

s u p p l y .

2 . 3 . 1 . R e v i e w a n d s t u

d y

s t a n d a r d s a n d e x p e r i e

n c e s

i n t h e a r e a a n d o t h e r

r e l e v a n t b a c k g r o u n d

i n f o r m a t i o n .

C o n s u l t i n g t e a m /

O c

t o b e r 2 0 1 3

2 . 3 . 2 . P r o p o s e m i n i m

u m

e f f i c i e n c y , q u a l i t y , s a

f e t y

a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m

p a c t

s t a n d a r d s .


O c

t o b e r 2 0 1 3

2 . 3 . 3 . D e v e l o p a p r o p

o s a l

t o a p p l y a n d u p d a t e

m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s a

n d

t h e i r p e r i o d s o f v a l i d i t y .


O c

t o b e r 2 0 1 3

2 . 3 . 4 . P r o p o s e

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c h e d u l e

f o r p r o p o s e d m i n i m u m

s t a n d a r d s .


O c

t o b e r 2 0 1 3

2 . 3 . 5 . A p p r o v e p r o p o

s a l t o

a p p l y a n d u p d a t e m i n

i m u m

s t a n d a r d s a n d t h e i r p e r i o d s

o f v a l i d i t y , a s w e l l a s

t h e

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c h e d u l e .

C o u n c i l o f

M i n i s t e r s o f

E n e r g y

D e

c e m b e r 2 0 1 3

E D M P

E D M P

E D M P

E D M P


30/120


28





P a r t y

T i m e f r a m e

A p p r o v e C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n

T e c h n i c a l R e g u l a t i o n s ( C

A T R )

f o r L i g h t i n g t h a t e s t a b l i s h

m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s f o r 2

0 1 4 ,

s p r e a d a w a r e n e s s , t r a i n a c t o r s

d i r e c t l y i n v o l v e d i n t h e i r

a p p l i c a t i o n a n d i n c o r p o r a

t e t h e

C A T R i n t o

r e g u l a t o r y f r a m e w o r k s t o

g u a r a n t e e t h a t a l l l i g h t i n g

d e v i c e s s o l d i n t h e r e g i o n

b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y 2 0 1

8

c o m p l y w i t h t h e a p p r o v e d

m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s .

T h e a p p r o v a l i n 2 0 1 4

o f t h e

C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n T e c h n i c a l

R e g u l a t i o n s ( C A T R ) c h a p t e r

e s t a b l i s h i n g m i n i m u m

s t a n d a r d s , w i t h t h e i r

a p p l i c a t i o n r e g u l a t i o n

s a n d

p e r i o d i c u p d a t i n g , s o t h a t i n

J u l y 2 0 1 5 c o u n t r i e s c a n b e g i n

t h e c o m p l i a n c e p r o c e s s f o r

l i g h t i n g d e v i c e s . I n J a

n u a r y

2 0 1 7 n o n - c e r t i f i e d l i g

h t i n g

d e v i c e s w i l l n o t b e a l l o w e d

f o r i m p o r t , a n d i n J a n u a r y

2 0 1 8 a l l d e v i c e s s o l d i n t h e

r e g i o n w i l l b e c e r t i f i e d i n

c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e


2 . 3 . 6 . E l a b o r a t e a n d

p r e s e n t a n e x p r e s s i o n

o f

i n t e r e s t t o c r e a t e t h e C A T R

f o r e f f i c i e n t l i g h t i n g w i t h a

j u s t i f i c a t i o n a n d

f o u n d a t i o n a l a r g u m e n t s o

t h a t t h e y a r e a p p l i e d a n d

c o m p l i e d w i t h b y a l l

c o u n t r i e s i n t h e r e g i o

n a n d

i n c l u d e d i n t h e A c t i o n P l a n

f o r t h e C u s t o m s U n i o

n a n d

t h e C u s t o m s O f f i c e s i n

B e l i z e a n d t h e D o m i n i c a n

R e p u b l i c .

J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4

2 . 3 . 7 . E l a b o r a t e a t e s t i n g

m e t h o d o l o g y p r o p o s a l t o

v e r i f y c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e

m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s a

n d t h e

c h a p t e r o n m i n i m u m

s t a n d a r d s i n t h e C A T

R o n

L i g h t i n g i n c o n s u l t a t i o n

w i t h n a t i o n a l a c t o r s t o

r e a c h c o n s e n s u s i n t h

e

r e g i o n a n d b e a b l e t o

s h a r e

t h a t c o n s e n s u s i n t h e

n e x t

r o u n d o f m e e t i n g s w i t h t h e

M e s o a m e r i c a

P r o j e c t , L i g h t i n g

L a b o r a t o r y i n

C o s t a R i c a ,

N a t i o n a l

R e g u l a t o r y

C o m m i t t e e s a n d

e n e r g y a u t h o r i t i e s

i n t h e c o u n t r i e s i n

t h e r e g i o n .

J a n u a r y - A u g u s t

2 0

1 4

E D M P

t h e r e g i o n ’ s


31/120

29





P a r t y

T i m e f r a m e

C U a n d C u s t o m s O f f

i c e s

o f B e l i z e a n d t h e

D o m i n i c a n R e p u b l i c

t o

i n c o r p o r a t e t h e i r

c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , r e c e i v e

t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d p r e s e n t

t h e r e g u l a t i o n s f o r a p

p r o v a l

b y C O M I E C O .

2 . 3 . 8 . A p p r o v e t h e c h

a p t e r

o f t h e C A T R t h a t

e s t a b l i s h e s m i n i m u m

s t a n d a r d s a n d e v e r y t h i n g

r e l a t e d t o t h e i r a p p l i c

a t i o n ,

p e r i o d s o f v a l i d i t y a n

d

u p d a t i n g a n d o t h e r f a

c t o r s

g u a r a n t e e i n g t h e i r

c o m p l e t e i m p l e m e n t a

t i o n .

C O M I E C O

D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 4

2 . 3 . 9 . D e v e l o p a p l a n

t o

c o m m u n i c a t e t h e a p p

r o v e d

r e g u l a t i o n s a n d a t r a i n i n g

p r o g r a m o n t h e m f o r

a l l

d i r e c t a c t o r s ( p r o d u c e r s ,

l a b o r a t o r i e s , C u s t o m s

o f f i c i a l s , r e g u l a t o r s ,

r e t a i l e r s , e t c . ) a n d d e v e l o p

a p l a n t o a d j u s t n a t i o n a l

r e g u l a t o r y f r a m e w o r k s .

N a t i o n a l e n e r g y

a u t h o r i t i e s a n d

n a t i o n a l t e c h n i c a l

r e g u l a t o r y

a g e n c i e s .

J a n u a r y - J u n e

2 0

1 5

2 . 3 . 1 0 . D e v e l o p t h e

p r o c e s s t o c e r t i f y l i g h

t i n g

A c c r e d i t e d

l a b o r a t o r i e s

J u l y 2 0 1 5 –

D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 6


32/120


30





P a r t y

T i m e f r a m e

d e v i c e s c o m p l y i n g w

i t h t h e

a p p r o v e d m i n i m u m

s t a n d a r d s .

a p p r o v e d b y t h e

C A T R a n d r e t a i l

c o m p a n i e s i n t h e

c o u n t r i e s i n t h e

r e g i o n .

2 . 3 . 1 1 . E s t a b l i s h t h a t

b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y

2 0 1 7

a l l i m p o r t e d l i g h t i n g

d e v i c e s m u s t b e c e r t i f i e d ,

a n d b e g i n n i n g i n J a n u a r y

2 0 1 8 , a l l l i g h t i n g d e v

i c e s

s o l d i n t h e r e g i o n b e

c e r t i f i e d i n c o m p l i a n c e

w i t h t h e a p p r o v e d


N a t i o n a l e n e r g y

a n d e c o n o m y

a u t h o r i t i e s .

J a n u a r y 2 0 1 7 -

J a n u a r y 2 0 1 8


33/120

31

2.3. Detailed process to implement minimum standards in the region

2.3.1. Basis for the proposal

a) Study on minimum standards established in different countries around the world, and in particular, those

approved in Mexico, Colombia, Cuba, COPAM regulation for CFL, the United States and Ecuador.

b) Compare results from verication studies on lighting devices from three countries in the region

submitted by laboratories in Beijing and Costa Rica.

c) Results from verication studies done by the laboratory in Costa Rica on lighting devices from different

suppliers in the region between 2012 and the present.

d) Recommendations collected on the topic presented in the transition plan to efcient lighting done by

UNEP/en.lighten.

e) Studying projects developed to transition to efficient lighting in Cuba, Australia, Argentinaand Ecuador. Analysis of transitions in Latin America that have not been sustainable and

the reasons. Consideration of criteria and opinions from different manufacturers of efficient

lighting devices

2.3.2. Proposed minimum standards for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impact in the

region

General terms of the proposal

a) Minimum standards are established for all general interior lighting devices for bedrooms, living rooms,

ofces and retail stores, excluding those standards referring to environmental impacts that limit theamount of mercury in the light and that only apply to CFL.

b) Lighting devices of any power and voltage between 12 and 277 volts, with frequencies of 50-60 hertz

and any type of lamp and any color temperature that are manufactured, assembled, imported or sold in

the countries in the region must comply with these standards.

c) Lamps that incorporate control accessories within the body of the lamp, such as photocells, motion

sensors, radio controls or dimmers, CFL with reectors and modular CFL are excluded from

compliance given their specialized use, their limited use in the region and because those controls

limit their lighting efciency and other technologies achieve very high efciency

Proposed minimum standards

a) The minimum values for efciency, quality, safety and environmental impacts that general lighting

devices must register, except for the abovementioned exceptions, in order to be manufactured or

assembled, imported and/or sold in the countries in the region are the following:


34/120


32

I. Efciency

Table 13. CFL efciency

Power range

(Watts)

Lighting efciency (lumens/watts)

Uncovered Covered

7 or less 45 36

Greater than 7 to 11 50 41




Greater than 23 62 55

• Average lighting efciency levels in samples of lighting devices in process of verication

Documents

Regional Lighting Efficiency Strategy in Central America