REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT GMJT 3124

GROUP APROVIDE FOR

PROF.DR. RAVINDRA NATH VYAS

STATE OF KEDAH DARUL AMAN

ABDUL AZIZ BIN MUHAMMAD 227428

MOHAMAD ERISAM AF AFF BIN MAT ASRI 226946

MOHAMED FATHAN BIN SAFUAN 227557

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The term development and its varied meanings and criteria of measurement

• According to Van Nieuwenhinjze (1969): He thought, "Development is like a variable that is a complex term that has different meanings and is not consistent, ..." (Rahimah Abdul Aziz, 2001, p. 34)

• According to Brandt, the "Short term development is not possible and can not be explained to the satisfaction of mankind." (Rahimah Abdul Aziz, 2001, p.34).

• development was renovated again after World War

1.2 The term region and its typology and justifications for the state as a

region

•Development is a process of change from less advanced stages to more advanced stage either in terms of human thought and or physical or environmental aspects

•The development concept:-▫Efficiency▫fair distribution of wealth ▫Sustainable▫empowerment of citizens

1.3 State level variations in development in Malaysia and incorporation of regional

development planning as a strategy to remove regional imbalances in Malaysia

•Strategy development in Malaysia has undergone various changes in accordance with development time and date

• National Development Plan was started in 1957

•the development phase:-▫New Economic Policy (DEB).▫First Rural Transformation▫Second Rural Transformation

2.0 THE STATE AND ITS RESOURCE ENDOWMENT

Figure 1 Location of Regions in Peninsular MalaysiaSource: Malaysia 1981, Fourth Malaysia Plan

2.1 Geographic extent and neighborhood

Cont…

•State Kedah or also known as Kedah Darul Aman

•one of 14 states that make up the Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)

• located in the north of Peninsular Malaysia and has an area of 9,425 km2

•Bordered:-▫Songkhla and Yala (international borders )▫Perak (south)▫Penang (southwest)▫Perlis (north)

2.2 Brief historical introduction of the state

• history of the state can be seen through the invention of writing Sanskrit during the period

• Sanskrit writings that mentioned Kedah as Kataha or Kadara and writing Tamil mentioned Kedah as Kadaram or Kalagam which means the pan is large and black

• Kedah position located at the entrance of the Straits of Malacca and guided Mount Jerai

• China and India has made it an important role as a center for exchange of goods (entrepot) at that time.

2.3 Abiotic and biotic resources – Land, water and minerals; forest, livestock, fisheries etc.

• Kedah is a leading agricultural state in the country

• considered "Rice Bowl of Malaysia" which covers one third of the total rice production in Malaysia

• Other agricultural products include rubber, palm oil and tobacco

• farming and fishing can be carried out in the state but only on a small scale.

• Tourism- Pulau Langkawi• Recently Kedah economy:-

▫ automotive and aerospace industries

3.0 HUMAN RESOURCE

•Since more than five decades, the population composition has changed both in terms of birth rate, raising the age and gender structure, mortality and migration

•the formation of a more modest size of the family and the smaller the acquired communities especially in urban areas

•Improved living standards of people especially in the field of education

3.1 Population – Number, distribution and growth

Total Population by Region and areas in Kedah

•Studies made by the Department of Statistics showed the number of people in the country had a total of 2,046,300 people in 2014.

• is comprised of 12 districts in the state had to.

•Each region has a different number of population distribution

3.2 Population – Composition (Ethnic)

3.3 Population – Composition (Gender)

Population of Kedah by Gender, 2010 – 2013

•According to the State Statistics 2013 (EPU) increase in population is evenly among men and women between 2010 and 2013

•The number is increase year by year•It was causes by several factor

4.0 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

4.1 Rural – Villages and new settlement areas

• Development of Kedah Darul Aman as a state in northern Malay Peninsula occur rapidly

• pattern of trade based on based on agriculture, especially rice

• the supply of labor in this sector is increasing • The opening plains Kedah attract labor forces

many of the Malay world around like Thailand, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perak

4.2 Urban – town, cities and metropolitan areas

• In Kedah, the area must be emphasized is like Alor Setar and Sungai Petani

• Sungai Petani is the largest industrial city and housing in Kedah and has a population of more than 400,000 people

• Alor Setar is the state capital, a royal city and the administrative center of the state and has a population of more than 360,000 people

• Residents of rural migration to the cities to seek better job opportunities in various sectors and they settled in the area around the city and eventually they also develop the area into the city as an industrial center of Kulim

• The agglomeration process also causes the area of change in the total population

4.3 Hierarchy of urban settlements

• Here are the five major cities in Kedah:-▫ Sungai Petani is the largest industrial city and

housing in Sindh and has a population of 456, 605 people.

▫ Alor Setar is the state capital, a royal city and the administrative center of the state and has a population of 366, 787 people.

▫ Kulim is an industrial city and has a population of 287, 694 people.

▫ Jitra and Changlun is a city of education and also between the border and has a population of 220, 740 people.

▫ Langkawi is an international tourist city and has a population of 94, 777 people.

5.0 ECONOMY

5.1 Primary Sector (Agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining)

•Kedah economic activity began to grow in terms of trade.

•the total land area in Kedah is working on 928,933 hectares

• 474,79 th9 hectares @ 51% was used for agriculture

•The main plant in Kedah, including rice, oil palm, a plant variety, fruits, sugar cane and tobacco.

5.2 Secondary sector (Manufacturing)• Industrial was founded by encouraging foreign

investors to build a network of industry Kedah▫ For example in the Gurun, there have Modenas

plant, Petronas Fertilizer, Naza Car Assembly Plant and Perwaja Steel

• Industrial areas totaling 1,600 acres have been created in Kulim, Sungai Petani, Bakar Arang, Jitra, Kuala Ketil, Alor Star dan Bukit Kayu Hitam.

• More than 460 factories are in operation that produce food products, electrical and electronic products, plastic products and rubber and textiles

5.3 Tertiary sector (services including tourism)

• Tourism is a booming sector• Langkawi Island has been known as an

international tourist destination▫ product such as Langkawi Cable Car,

Underwater World, Pulau Payar Marine Park, Telaga Harbour Park, golf courses and shopping malls of international standards.

• Tourists can enjoy the natural beauty Merbok River, Sedim River Tree Top Walk, Ulu Legong Hot Spring Lake or Pedu Lake and Muda.

• products based on history and heritage

6.0 INFRASTRUCTURE6.1 Motorways, highways, and airports• An important role in the process of forming the

axis of growth is transportation. Especially transport nodes or network terminal. Such as roads, airports and bus station..

• The road project was carried out in the period 2001-2010 as Kodiang-Jitra Road, Pendang Sungai Tiang Road, Baling Kupang Road and so on.

• Airport projects also are 2 Airports in the State of Kedah Sultan Abdul Halim Airport, Alor Setar Airport Langkawi

• For bus station is also available in the Changlun, Alor Setar, counter and so on.

6.2 Power supply - Electricity

•Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) has been Keeping the Lights On in Malaysia ever since it was set up as the Central Electricity Board in 1949.

• TNB’s core businesses are in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.

•There are three main objectives of the National Energy Policy :

1. supply 2. to promote energy efficiency and reducing waste. 3. Environment.

6.3 Water Supply

•Domestic water supply had to be dealt with by Syarikat Air Darul Aman Sdn. BHD (SADA).

•SADA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kedah Darul Aman and is the successor company to the Department of Water Supply Kedah was incorporated on January 1, 2010.

•SADA also been able to provide clean water to people in Kedah with cheaper rates compared to other states.

7.0 Regional Structure

Regional Cooperation• Globalisation and liberalization have been able to establish a

Trade Organization World (WTO) and create a lot of cooperation among regional countries such as North American Free Trade Area, the National Alliance Europe, Pact South Asia region, ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the Agreement Bilateral Economic Cooperation .

The Indonesia - Malaysia - Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)• The main strategy is formulated for the three sub-regions are the

focus to the development of investment, industry, agriculture and fisheries, transport, communication, energy and tourism sectors.

Northern Corridor Economic Region (Koridor Utara)

• Northern Corridor focuses on accelerating economic growth and elevating income levels in northern Peninsular Malaysia with the objective of becoming a world-class economic region by the year 2025.

• Leveraging on the strengths of the region, 4 key thrust areas have been identified, namely agriculture, manufacturing, tourism and logistics.

Kedah Regional Development Authority (KEDA)

• KEDA was established on 28 May 1981 under Act 249, Kedah Regional Development Authority Act 1981 with the intention to assist in speeding up the growth of the socio economy and infrastructure under KEDA operational territory.

Zone Division, District and Area Of KEDA

CONCLUSION• Regional development strategy under

the Tenth Malaysia Plan and the Northern Corridor region has contributed towards increasing the level of development, particularly in the development of the northern corridor area.

• Strong economic growth generated mainly by private investment in manufacturing and service activities to increase employment opportunities in this state.