Regents Biology 2006-2007

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaebacteria

DomainEukaryotes

Common ancestor

Protists

Simple Eukaryotes

Regents Biology

General characteristics Classification criteria

eukaryotes not animal, plant or fungi

That’s more ofwhat they’re not

& notwhat they are!

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity A great variety in ways of life

one-celled to many-celled autotrophs (photosynthesis) to

heterotrophs (have to eat) asexual to sexual reproduction pathogens to beneficial sessile to mobile

Regents Biology

Mobility How Protists move

flagellum cilia pseudopod

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists

heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Stentor

Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red

Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists

autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena algae diatoms

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogen Protists

malaria Giardia trypanosomes

Plasmodium

Giardia

Trypanosoma

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity Beneficial & necessary Protists

phytoplankton small algae + diatoms much of the world’s photosynthesis produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen

zooplankton heterotroph protists key ecological role at base of

marine food web

Regents Biology 2006-2007

Kingdom: Fungi

Eukaryotes

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaebacteria

DomainEukaryotes

Common ancestor

Regents Biology

General characteristics Classification criteria

eukaryotes heterotrophs

must feed off of others mostly multicellular

except one-celled yeasts cell wall

Regents Biology

Structure Cells

long thread-like cells multiple nuclei cell wall

made from chitin just like crab shells

septum

chitin cell wall

nucleipore

Regents Biology

plant cell

fungal cells

plant cellmembrane

plantcell wall

How do Fungi get their Nutrition? Heterotrophs

secrete digestive enzymes absorb digested material

into cell predators

paralyzing prey parasites

feeding on living creatures decomposer

breakdown dead remains

Cool…Fungi live IN their food!

Chocolate cake,anyone?

Regents Biology

Ecological Roles Decomposers

recycle nutrients Symbiotic Relationships

lichen fungi + algae pioneer species in

ecosystems makes soil from bare rock

mycorrhizae fungi + plants enables plants to absorb more water

Regents Biology

Mycorrhizae Critical role in plant growth

extends water absorption of roots

withoutmycorrhizae

withmycorrhizae

EctomycorrhizaEndomycorrhiza

Regents Biology

Reproduction Asexual

budding in yeast Sexual

spores spread by wind

sporeson gills

mushroom gills onmushroom

fungusgrowing

in soil

Regents Biology

Importance of fungi to humans Food production

bread beer, wine

Medicine production antibiotics

penicillin