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Refugees – fundamentalsSeptember 17
Presentation at the CEU17 September 2015
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
PHOTO OF JAVIER BALAUZ, 2001
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
PHOTO OF JAVIER BALAUZ, 2001
THE DIMENSIONS
Facts (Statistics)
Law Policy
GlobalEUHungary
Language harmonisation
Categories of migrants
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
CATEGORIES OF FOREIGNERS INTERNALLY DISPLACED)
MigrationInternational Domestic
Regular Irregular
A longer than 1 year presenc/absence, in accrodance with the
law „Illegal”
Forced migration
Regular migrant(Worker, student, family
unifier, etc.)
Undocumented foreigner,
Persons with no right to enter and/or stay
Refugee Internally displaced person, IDP
Orders of magnitude
Statistics
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
Global and Syria-related data
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
FORCED MIGRANTS, GLOBAL END OF YEAR DATA
Source UNHCR: Global Trends Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees, Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons különböző évek (statistical annex) http://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/2014_01_uif_-_english.pdf és http://www.internal-displacement.org/ Vaccessed: 2014 szept. 24 and UNHCR: Global TrendsForced Displacement in 2014
Forced migrant
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Refugees(Under UNHCR
mandate)
10,5 10,4 10,5 10,4 10,5 11,0 13,9
Palestinian refugees(UNWRA)
4,7 4,8 5,0 5,1 5,3 5,4 5,1
Individual applicants 0,8 1,0 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,1 1,8
IDPs fleeing conflict 26,0 27,1 27,5 26,4 28,8 33,0 38,2
Syria – in figures
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
Source:http://www.3rpsyriacrisis.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/3RP-Report-Overview.pdf, p. 9
Source: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php
Individual applications in 37 European states
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POPULATION GROWTH IN DEVELOPED LESS AND LEAST DEVELPED REGIONS
THE SOURCE OF THE
MIGRATION
PRESSURE
Forrás: Population Reference Bureau,http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2014/2014-world-population-data-sheet/population-clock.aspx(20141127)
MAJOR STOCK DATA
INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS
AND RECOGNITION
RATES
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MAJOR RECEIVING COUNTRIES
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MAJOR SOURCE COUNTRIES
European data
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INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS IN THE EU, 2004 - 2014
Source: Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Asylum_applications_(non-EU)_in_the_EU-28_Member_States,_2004%E2%80%9314_(%C2%B9)_(thousands)_YB15_II.png
ASYLUM APPLICATIONS BY EU COUNTRY, 2013 4Q – 2014 4Q
Source:
Eurostat, Data in Focus 3/2015 , p. 4
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF THE ASYLUM SEEKERS
Source: Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Asylum_applications_(non-EU)_in_the_EU-28_Member_States,_2004%E2%80%9314_(%C2%B9)_(thousands)_YB15_II.png
Hungarian data
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HUNGARIAN STATISTICS
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 January – 7
September
Application, total
1.693 2.157 18.900 42.777 155.484
3 Main countries of
origin
Afghanistan (649)
Kosovo (211)
Serbia (27)
Afghanistan(880)
Pakistan(327)
Kosovo(226)
Kosovo (6.067)Pakistan (3.052)
Afghanistan (2.279)
Kosovo (21.453)
Afghanistan (8.796)
Syria (6.587)
n.a.
Some form of protection
191 415 415 512 306
Refugee 52 87 198 260 88Subsidiary protection
139 328 217 252 218
Rejection 740 751 4.185 4.553 n.a.Termination 623 1110 11.339 23.406 64-696
Source: own collection based on OIN Yearly booklets and UNHCR data and Sándor Pintér’s response to a question by a MP
IRREGULAR MIGRANTS INTERCEPTED IN MAY
2015AND
AUGUST SEPTEMBER Source: http://www.police.hu/hirek-es-informaciok/hatarinfo/elfogott-migransok-szama 20150601 and 20150917)
THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEE AND BENEFICIARY OF SUBSIDIARY PROTECTION STATUS
DETERMINATION PROCEDURE
ApplicationApplicationEligibility
examinationEligibility
examinationDetailed
examination (of the merits)
Detailed examination
(of the merits)
Administrative procedure
Judicial review
Judicial review
Judicial procedure
30 days 60 + 30 days 45 working days
Judicial review
Judicial review
8 Days
8 days
Border procedure: no departure from the conatainers at the border. OIN Court there, or via telecommunication
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
LAWDEFINITIONS,
AND THE CONCEPT OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY
First asylum applications,
EU, 2015
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
GEO/TIME 2015M01 2015M02 2015M03 2015M04 2015M05 2015M06European Union (28 countries) 60 150 64 630 60 170 57 300 66 465 75 780Belgium 1 215 1 070 1 170 1 115 1 615 2 325Bulgaria 1 055 1 025 1 110 1 120 1 325 1 605Czech Republic 95 95 170 105 85 85Denmark 630 430 455 550 870 1 075Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 21 680 22 775 28 680 24 505 23 760 32 705Estonia 5 15 30 30 10 25Ireland 215 200 210 265 255 335Greece 925 895 790 855 1 005:Spain 745 575 715 895 845:France 4 025 5 135 5 610 5 175 4 355 5 150Croatia 10 15 15 10: 5Italy 4 740 5 075 5 430 4 500 5 130 5 265Cyprus 155 125 150 145 120:Latvia 15 15 15 25 30 50Lithuania 15 25 5 25 25 10Luxembourg 85 95 85 70 85 95Hungary 11 655 16 405 4 750 6 485 9 800 16 385Malta 65 160 120 105 160 115Netherlands 885 740 800 1 085 2 250 2 935Austria 3 875 3 065 2 770 3 715 6 195:Poland 485 470 485 540 525 700Portugal 40 80 60 80: :Romania 100 75 160 205 85 85Slovenia 15 10 20 15 10 10Slovakia 15 10 25 5 20 5Finland 305 310 345 335 510 760Sweden 4 345 3 520 3 570 3 405 4 850 6 055United Kingdom 2 750 2 225 2 420 1 935 2 545:Iceland : : : : : :Liechtenstein : : : : : :Norway 570 485 485 520 1 165 1 075Switzerland 1 450 1 310 1 380 1 270 2 080 3 670Total 62 165 66 420 62 035 59 095 69 710 80 525
Source: Eurostat,migr_asyappctzm
DEFINITIONS – THE UNIVERSAL STANDARD
Geneva Convention relating to the status of refugees – 1951 Article 1.
Definition of the term “refugee”A. For the purposes of the present Convention, the term
“refugee” shall apply to any person who:(1) Has been considered a refugee ...[according to the interwar arrangements and the IRO
constitution]
(2) As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.
DEFINITIONS – EU (AND HUNGARY)
EU Qualification Directive
2004/2011
Art 2 2004:(e) 2011: (f)
„person eligible for subsidiary protection” [means someone], „who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to his or her country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to his or her country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Article 15, .....is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country;
Art 15 (in both)Serious harm consists of:(a) death penalty or execution; or(b) torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of an applicant in the country
of origin; or(c) serious and individual threat to a civilian's life or person by reason of indiscriminate
violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict”
Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted (OJ L 304/12 2004 09 30,)
DIRECTIVE 2011/95/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted
DIRECTIVE ON MINIMUM STANDARDS ON PROCEDURES
THE CONCEPT OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY
• life and liberty are not threatened on account of 5 Geneva Convention grounds; and no risk of serious harm
• the principle of non-refoulement is respected; and
• the prohibition on removal in breach of the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as laid down in international law is respected; and
• the possibility exists to request refugee status and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the Geneva Convention.
THE CONCEPT OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY
Minimum requirements concerning national rules on determining that a state is safe for a particular applicant:
meaningful link between applicant and s.t.c. investigation if a particular country is safe for the particular a.s.
(or national designation of s.t.c.)a right of the a.s.to challenge the safety at least when torture
and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is threatening the a.s.
Challenge also possible on the basis of lack of connection to stcIf inadmissible because of s.t.c. :
- inform a.s. accordingly,- provide a.s. with document informing the s.t.c. that the application has not been examined in substance
Presentation by Boldizsár Nagy
POLICY ISSUES
EU INITIATIVESMay and September 2015 – two packages, combined effectsIssues: - ad hoc relocation from Greece and Italy into other EU member states
40 000 asylum seekers „in clear need of protection” - ad hoc relocation scheme, involving Hungary also. 15 600
asylumseekers from Italy, 50 400 from Greece and 54 000 from Hungary in respect of groups with at least 75% recognition rates
- a „crisis relocation mechanism” to be built into the Dublin regulation, to be triggered by „large and disproportionate” inflow of asylum seekers, creating „extreme pressure”
- resettlement of 20 000 refugees from outside the EU_________________________________________________________ EUNAVFOR – fight against smugglers European Emergency Trust Fund for Africa European list of safe countries of origin
