Reformation

TSWU the historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation.

Objective:

The Early Church Video

Corruption in the Medieval Catholic Church

What forms of corruption existed during the Late Middle Ages?› Popes used excommunication to force

monarchs to obey the Church› Many priests were illiterate› Many clergy broke their vows of chastity› Some officials lead lives of luxury and

leisure› Some clergy:

Charged repentant Christians to see holy remains and objects

Sold church offices to the highest bidder (simony)

Sold indulgences

Read 31.3 and answer the questions

Awarding Indulgences Video

"I would never have thought that such a storm would rise from Rome over one simple scrap of paper..." (Martin Luther)

Read Section 31.4 and answer the questions

Why did Luther question Church practices and teachings?

› Troubled by idea that salvation was attainable through good works

› Interpreted St. Paul to mean that path to salvation was by faith alone

› Believed forgiveness for sins could come only from God’s mercy

› Angered by Tetzel’s sale of indulgence

Wrote 95 Theses to start debate on Church abuses

Published books and pamphlets questioning Church teachings

Ideas for reform led to a new church› Congregations choose their own ministries› Worship of saints and holy days was

considered sinful› Mass conducted in German instead of Latin› Clergy allowed to marry

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

Read 31.5 and answer the questions

New Religions Day 2

Lutheranism

› Origins Lutheranism was founded by Martin Luther

in Germany in 1521

› Beliefs about Sin and Salvation Believed Salvation was a gift from God. Received by people if they sincerely believed

in Jesus, were sorry for their sins, and accepted the Bible as truth.

“Justification by faith”

Lutheranism

Belief about the ultimate source of authority› Believed that the Bible was the only true

source of religious guidance.› Rejected the authority of church councils

and the pope.

Martin Luther Video

Lutheranism

Rituals and Worship› Lutherans kept some Catholic practices

Church looked much like Catholic church with altar, crucifix, and candles

Similar to Catholic mass (communion, Bible readings, sermons, and hymns

› Prayer was in German instead of Latin› Two sacraments instead of Seven

Lutheranism

Community Life› Emphasized strict discipline › Large, Strong Families› Children were taught to pray before meals

and bed

Calvinism Origins

› Founded by John Calvin in Switzerland in 1541

Calvinism

Beliefs about Sin and Salvation› Predestination

Idea that God already knows who will be saved in the afterlife and who will be condemned

Destinies shown by behavior Those who behave well were saved Those who sinned were not

Calvinism

Beliefs about the ultimate source of Authority› Bible was the only source of religious

guidance› Communities governed according to

God’s law When people sinned, they were also

committing a crime

Calvinism

Rituals and Worship› Attend service up to 5 times a week› Sermons were long› No paintings, statues, or stained glass

windows› Used the only two sacraments in the Bible

(baptism & communion)› Could sing only words from the Bible

Calvinism

Community Life› Theocracies

Communities governed by God through religious leaders

› Swearing, dancing, insulting people, and playing cards were not allowed

› Homes could be inspected to see if famlies were obeying laws

Anglicanism Origins

› King Henry VIII in 1534

Anglicanism

Beliefs about sin and salvation› Baptism would wash away original sin› Justification by faith

Ultimate Source of Authority› Monarch was the main interpreter of the

Bible› Anglicans could interpret the Bible in their

own way as long as they were loyal to the king or queen

Anglicanism

Rituals and Worship› Services were held in former Catholic

Church buildings Decorations were removed Inside was painted white

› Hymns & services were in English instead of Latin, so everyone could take part

› Two sacraments Baptism Communion

Anglicanism

Community Life› High Church

Mostly wealthy

› Low church Middle class & working class

› Heresy was not a crime› People could worship as they liked as long

as they did not attack the monarch or the Anglican Church

Steps toward Reform› Pope Paul III (1534-1549)

Led the Counter, or Catholic Reformation Promoted reform-minded cardinals to Curia Had Church abuses catalogued Called meeting at Trent to deal with the

growth of Protestanism

› Defined Catholic beliefs & corrected abuses

› Christians need faith & good works for salvation

› Sale of indulgences prohibited› Simony outlawed› Seminaries established to train parish

priests› Monasteries and convents cleansed of

immoral clergy

Henry VIIIIndulgences95 ThesesProtestantJohn Calvin

BiblePope

Martin LutherExcommunication

FaithCorruptionAnglican

Council of TrentSalvation