Referencing APA v1

8/8/2019 Referencing APA v1

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To respect and acknowledge the work of others

To give credibility to your work

To allow the reader to read further on a particular

point you have made

Display a knowledge of current literature

Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions and point

of view

Provide examples or evidence to support own research

Why do we Reference?

To avoid plagiarism

Why do we Reference?

Plagiarism is the act of taking

and using another authors work

as ones own.

Scope of Workshop

What is Referencing

Why do we Reference

Why is Referencing Important

Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)

When should you Reference

How to Reference


In a legal and moral sense, words and ideas are the property of

their authors.

Applies to all printed material as well as to words and ideas found

through electronic sources.

When you dont reference properly, you are presenting someone

elses words and/or ideas as if they are your own.

This is PLAGARISM.

Plagiarism is the act of taking and using anotherauthors work as ones own.


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Why is Referencing Important Why is Referencing Important

Plagiarism, is the act of presenting the ideas, words or other

intellectual property of another as one's own. The use of other

people's work must beproperly acknowledged and referencedin all

written material such as take-home examinations, essays, laboratory

reports, work-term reports, design projects, statistical data,

computer programs and research results. Theproperly acknowledged

use of sources is an accepted and important part of scholarship. Use

of such material without complete and unambiguous

acknowledgement, however, is an offence under this policy.

http://www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy71.htm

Scope of Workshop

What is Referencing

Why do we Reference




How to Reference

Evils of Not Referencing

Doing assignments help students learn required materials

copying does not

Writing research papers provides valuable experience for future

positions (employment and/or academic)

copying does not

ignoring details like referencing does not


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Evils of Not Referencing

Plagiarism can lead to serious consequences

failure of the assignment

failure in the course


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Ask your lecturerfor class id and

password


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Enter allrequested

information

Enter allrequested

information

Click


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Scope of Workshop

What is Referencing

Why do we Reference




How to Reference


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When should YOU Reference

You dont need to reference

common knowledge (in your own words)

e.g., Java i s an object-oriented programming language

your ideas, thoughts, etc.

e.g., I think all web-based applications should be implemented in

Java.

When should YOU Reference

You need to reference

common knowledge (using specific sources)

e.g., Java is an object-oriented programming

language can be cited from many sources.

ideas taken from other sources

e.g., Because OOPLs support the object notions of

classes, inheritance, information hiding, and dynamic

binding, OOPLs make an object-oriented design easier

to implement (Baudoin & Hollowell, 1996).

when in doubt (better safe than sorry)

Baudoin, C. & Hollowell, G. (1996). Realizing the object-oriented lifecycle. PrenticeHall.

Scope of Workshop

Introductions

What is Referencing

Why do we Reference




How to Reference

Referencing Terminology


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Methods of Referencing

Harvard aka Author-Date system

Oxford

APA

MLA

Chicago

Vancouver

Turabian

Differs between Universities/Faculties/Lecturers

Before you write your list ofreferences/bibliography check with yourlecturer/tutor for the bibliographic style

adopted by the Department of IT.

Topic (Size 40)

References/BibliographyAmerican Psychological Association (APA)Style

APA Style: Reference List

A list of references contains details only of those works cited

in the text.

The Reference List is placed at the end of the essay/report

and is arranged alphabetically by author, and thereafter

chronologically, starting with the earliest date.

Where an item has no author it is cited by its title.


Single author entries precede references with multiple authors

beginning with the same name.

When the work cited has 2 or more authors, use an ampersand (&)

before the last author.

When the work cited has more than six authors, cite the first six,

then use et al. to indicate the remaining authors (an in-text

reference to a work with more than six authors would only include

the first author, followed by et al).


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Where several works have the same author and year of publication, add a

lower-case letter of the alphabet to the publication date. The order of the

listing of the alphabet letters a, b, c is based on the letter-by-letter

alphabetical order of the title of the work. E.g.

Jones, A. B. 2008

Smith, A. K. 2009

Smith, A. K. 2010

Young, J. C. 2009a

Young, J. C. 2009b

The format of the citation depends on the nature of the work, ie. whether

it is a book, journal article, website, etc.

FOR A BOOK

The details required in order are:

1. Author - surname and initials

2. year of publication

3. title of publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be italicised)

4. edition, if other than first

5. place of publication

6. publisher

FOR A BOOK

One author:

Tavani, H.T. (2006). Ethics and technology: Ethical issues

in an age of information and communication technology

(2nd ed.). New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons.

author initials year title - italicised

edition publisherplace of publication

Two to six authors:

Cengel, Y.A. & Boles, M.A. (1994). Thermodynamics: an

engineering approach (2nd ed.). London:McGraw Hill.

Six or more authors:

Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G.,

Morgan, B. et al. (2005). How far Is far? London: McMillan.

FOR A BOOK


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How would you reference this book?Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition (Hardcover)by John W. Satzinger (Author), Robert B. Jackson (Author), Stephen D. Burd

(Author)

Hardcover: 712 pages

Publisher: Course Technology; 4 edition (February 16, 2006)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1418836125

ISBN-13: 978-1418836122

Example:

How would you reference this book?

FOR A BOOK

Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition (Hardcover)

by John W. Satzinger (Author), Robert B. Jackson (Author), Stephen D. Burd (Author)

Hardcover: 712 pages

Publisher: Course Technology; 4 edition (February 16, 2006)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1418836125

ISBN-13: 978-1418836122

Satzinger, J.W., Jackson, R.B. & Burd, S.D. (2006).Systems analysis & design in a changing world (4th ed.).

Boston:Course Technology.

FOR AN ARTICLE

The details required, in order, are:

1. Family name and initials of author/s

2. year of publication

3. title of article, in single quotation marks

4. title of journal (italicised)

5. volume number (italicised)

6. issue (or part) number

7. page number(s)

Journal article

Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall andnetwork intrusion detection system configurations.Journal ofComputer Security, 5(6), 691-715.

FOR AN ARTICLE

Journal article

Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall andnetwork intrusion detection system configurations.Journal ofComputer Security, 5(6), 691-715.

Explanation of above citation

Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall and

network intrusion detection system configurations.Journal of

Computer Security, 5(6), 691-715.

Author last

nameinitials year Title

Volume-ita lic ised Issue non italicised pages

title of journal - italicised


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FOR AN ARTICLE

Conference paper (published)

Bohrer, S., Zielke, T. & Freiburg, V. (1995). Integrated obstacle

detection framework for intelligent cruise control on motorways. Paper

presented at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Detroit, MI:

Piscataway.

Conference paper (unpublished)

Bowden, F.J. & Fairley, C.K. (1996, June). Endemic STDs in the Northern

Territory: estimations of effective rates of partner change. Paper

presented at the scientific meeting of the Royal Australian College of

Physicians, Darwin.

FOR AN ARTICLE

Newspaper article (with author)

Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8.

Newspaper article (with no author)

Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). The Courier Mail, p. 22.

Magazine article

Marano, H.E. (2008, March-April). Making of a perfectionist. Psychology

Today, 41, 80-86.

How would you reference the following article?

Example:

FOR AN ARTICLE


Garcia, F.J. & Moreno, M.N. (2004). Software modelingtechniques for a first course in software engineering: Aworkshop-based approach. IEEE Transactions onEducation, 47(2).


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FOR AN ARTICLE


use this portion

for title andauthor details

use thisportion forpublication

details

FOR AN ARTICLEHow would you reference the following article?

title and author detailspublication details Haberman

Example:Haberman, B., Lev, E. & Langley, D. (2003). Action research as a tool forpromoting teacher awareness of students conceptual understanding.Paper presented at the 8th annual conference on innovation andtechnology in computer science education. Thessalonika, Greece.

If there are

insufficientdetails,

google thetitle for moreinformation


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Choong, Y.W., Laurent, D. & Marcel, P. (2001). Computing appropriaterepresentations for multidimensional data. Paper presented at the 4th

ACM international workshop on data warehousing and OLAP. Atlanta,Georgia.

If there areinsufficient

details, google

the title formore

information

FOR A NON-BOOK

The details required are the same as for a book, with the form of the item(eg video recording, tape,computer file, etc.) indicated after the year.

Appleseed Productions. (2009). Get the facts (and get them organised)[Video recording]. Williamstown, Vic.

FORM OF ITEM

Knowledge Adventure Inc. (1998). Dr Brain thinking games [CD-ROM].Torrance, California.

FOR WEB SITES & OTHERELECTRONIC SOURCES

This could include sources from full text compact disk products,electronic journals or other sources from the Internet.

The basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for print sources1. name/s of author/s2. date of publication3. title of publication4. date item viewed5. name or site address on internet (if applicable)

Weibel, S. (1995). Metadata: the foundations of resource description.

Retrieved January 7, 1997, from

http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html.


How would you reference the following e-article?


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Weibel, S. (1995).Metadata: the foundations of resource

description. Retrieved January 7, 1997, fromhttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html.

Example:


Leeman, R.M. & Glass, D.H. Teaching Java with robots andartificial life. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from

http://http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/italics/vol6iss4/LeemanGlass.pdf.

REFERENCES IN THE TEXT OFYOUR ASSIGNMENT

In an author-date style, a textual citation generally requires only the

name of the author(s) and the year of publication.

Example:

In order to understand the OO approach, everything can be

perceived as an object (Satzinger & Orvik, 2000)

Alternatively, the authors surname may be integrated into the text,

followed by the year of publication in parentheses.

Example:

In order to understand the OO approach, Satzinger and Orvik (2000)maintain that everything can be perceived as an object.

REFERENCES IN THE TEXT OFYOUR ASSIGNMENT

If there are more than 2 works by the same author, published in the same

year, add the letters 'a', 'b', etc. to the year to distinguish the works. Also

add these letters to the year in the list of references at the end of the

essay.

Example:

Public housing remains a neglected area (Young, J. C. 1988a,1988b)

If there are more than 6 authors, list only the first followed by et al.

Example:

Other researchers have questioned these findings (Johnson et al.,

2005)

.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY / LIST OFREFERENCES

NOTE:

A list of references contains details onlyof those works cited in the

text, listed alphabetically.

Use references in your assignments.

A bibliography includes sources not cited in the text but which are

relevant to the subject, listed alphabetically.

Use bibliography in your final year projects.

BIBLIOGRAPHY / LIST OFREFERENCES

EXAMPLE:

REFERENCES

Larman, C. (2005).Applying UML and patterns: An introduction toobject-oriented analysis and design and iterative development (3rd ed.). NewJersey:Prentice Hall.

Sharp, H.C. & Newton, M.A. (1994). Object-oriented analysis and design: A

question of approach. Paper presented at the 1st international conference

on software engineering in higher education (SEHE 94), 16, 309-312.

Yazici, S., Boyle, T. & Khan, T. (2001). Towards a multimedia learningenvironment for object-oriented design. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from

http://www.ics.ltsn.ac.uk/pub/conf2001/papers/Yazici.htm.

Scope of Workshop

What is Referencing

Why do we Reference




How to Reference

Documents

Referencing APA v1