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APPENDIX6A

To illustrate the effects of constraints on the vector of final demands, consider a two-sector model. Let sector 1 represent industrial output and sector 2 represent agricultural output such that

(6A.l)

where

(6A.2)

Suppose there is only one type of labor allocated between the sectors: ~ + ~ = r, where r represents total labor. If cj and Cz are the labor coefficients for each industry, then Lj = CjXj and L2 = CzX2, or

X = 1-,. and X = 1-,.. (6A.3) 1 c 2 C

1 2

Note that ~ = L - L j (at full employment), so:

(6A.4)

Consumption is given by (6A.5)

(6A.6)

Substituting for Xj and Xz, we get

(6A.7)

(6A.9)

Simplifying:

(6A.1O)

310

1': = [a21 + i-a22 ]L + i-a22 i 2 C C I C2 I 2

(6A.ll)

To find the constraint on production possibilities in terms of final goods, we substitute LJ to obtain Y2 as a function of YI , that is

so

Y2

= LI i-all + al2

ci c2

a21 i-a22 -- +--

. [YI + :~2 i] ci c2

i-all a l2 +-

ci c2

i-a22 -+ -- L.

c2

The intercepts of these equations, )'1' and )'2, are given as follows:

( i ~:22) i-all + a 12 ]

- - c i c2 _ a l2 YI = L a21 i-a22 c2

+--cl c2

and

a21 i-a22

-(;22) -+--

- - C l C2 i-a22 Y2 = L +--

i-all a l2 c2 +-

c l c2

Define al and a2 as follows:

i-all a l2 +-

- _ [ i-a22 ) ci c2 a l2 a - --

I C a21 i-a22 C2 2 +--CI C2

and

(6A.l2)

(6A.l3)

(6A.l4)

(6A.l5)

(6A.l6)

a = 2 -( :~ 1

311

(6A.17)

This allows us to rewrite the intercepts of the labor constraint more simply as: - -YI = aiL (6A.18)

and

Y2 = a2L and the labor constraint can be written as:

(6A.19)

(6A.20)

Suppose now that environmental controls are introduced which further constrain this set. Assume that there is one type of pollution (say BOD) and the total Z is restricted. Pollution from each sector is

(6A.21)

The coefficients relating pollution to total output are~, d:!. Since dlX1 = Zl, and dX2 = Z2, the constraint implies

(6A.22)

Similar to the labor-constraint equations, environmental constraint may be developed by substituting Z for Land dl and d2 for c1 and c2 respectively. The intercepts of the environmental constraints thus can be written as follows:

(6A.23)

and

(6A.24)

where hi and h2 are defined as a function ~ ~j (i=.!:2, and j=I,2) and dj

0=1,2), having similar functional forms as a l and a2 respectively, except replacing d1 and d2 for C1 and c2 • Similarly, the environmental constraints can be represented as follows:

(6A.2S)

APPENDIX6B

Given a k-dimensional product space for produced goods and non-produced resources and utility and production functions as defined in section 6.5.2, the Lagrangean function can be expressed as:

L = u j(Xl'CWll"",Cwml,CWllE/Wl'""CwmlEJWm)

1

+ E tj(Uj(Xj.Cwli ... ·.Cwmi'CwliEI/WI' .. ·.CWmiEJWm - Uio» i-I

L

- E C/(Y,.NwlI, .. ·.Nwm,.NWl,EI/W., .. ·.Nwm,EJWm - eJ '=1

m~ 1 L) Sm ( L) + E 0 lfj - E CWji - E Nwj, + E E Y sj ESj - E esjf

j-I i-I I-I s=1 j-I '-I

(6B.l)

Putting aside the nonnegativity conditions for ease of presentation, the Kuhn­Tucker conditions are as follows (assuming f=l),

aL = ~i< -Ok = O. i=I •... ); k=I ..... K (6B.2) aXjj

~ = -eJt, + Ok = O. ~=I ..... L; k=I .... K aykl

aL ~ S] . -- = -C, N + ~ fa E 1W. = o~ ~=l ..... L; J=l .... ,m aN '''1' L"sfJ J

wj' s=1

aL = -CIe.1k - Ysj = 0, ~=l, .... L; j=l, ... ,m; s=l, ...• S ae.jl

(6B.3)

(6B.4)

(6B.5)

(6B.6)

(6B.7)

313

CI}(lfJ - t Cwji - t Nwj,) = 0, Clj ~ 0, j=l, ... ,m (6B.8) i=1 .t=1

L

viEs} - LesjJ=O, Ysj ~ O,j=l, ... ,m; s=l, ... ,s. (6B.9) 1=1

To focus attention on water withdrawals, multiply both sides of (6B.4) by <:;i and sum over i, then multiply both sides of (6B.S) by ~t and sum over e, obtaining

L L S L

-L (,t/W)' - L (,LI.."Nwj.EJlfJ = GJL NWjp j=l, ... ,m. (6B.ll) '=1 1=1 s=1 /=1

Now multiply both sides of (6B.7) by Gj and sum over effluents s, i.e. SIS L S

L L ~iu~Fwj;EJlfJ - E E cia .Nwj.EJlfJ = -E Y sftSJ~ (6B.12) s i-I s·1 /=1" s-1

j=l, ... ,m.

Combining (6B.1O) - (6B.12) we obtain 1 LSI L

E~iU~WPWji - EC,twJINWjl-Ey~,j=Gj(ECwji+ENwjJ, (6B.13) i-I '·1 s=1 i-I '-I

j=l, ... ,m.

For a binding water constraint, OJ > 0 and (6B.13) may be written as I L S

~ ~~~wJlCwji - L C~wJINWjl - L y ~sj = GjKj_ .=1 I $=1

(6B.14)

Substituting from equations (6B.2) and (6B.3) we finally obtain

CI.t Eu/:w Cwiu~-E/Nw NWj~ -E Y~sj=GjKj~ [1 L ] S

i=1 fl ,fl s=1 (6B.15)

j=l, ... ,m; k=l, ... ,K

SUBJECT INDEX

A

Acidity 78, 107 Administrative allocation xvii, xxii, 95 Agricultural

demand vii, xviii, xix, xxv, 1, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, 17-19, 25, 31, 40, 57, 61, 62, 68, 76, 79, 109, 110, 150, 151, 166, 179, 197, 210, 222, 225, 230, 235, 236, 243, 257, 260, 264, 265, 267, 268,275,277,278,310

water demand vii, xviii, xix, xxv, 1, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, 17-19, 25, 31,40,57,61, 62, 68, 76, 79, 109, 110, 150, 151, 166, 179, 197, 210, 222, 225, 230, 235, 236, 243, 257, 260, 264, 265, 267, 268, 275, 277, 278, 310

Alkalinity 78, 156 Allocative efficiency xxii, 199, 222,

224-226, 280, 284 AMA 56,57,287 American Public Health Association

(APHA) 287 American Water Works Association

(AWWA) 287, 288, 291, 295, 296, 299, 300, 305, 308

Average-cost pricing 221

B

Basin-wide planning 253 Best available technology 116, 124,

181 Best conventional technology (BCT)

181 Best management practice (BMP) 178 Best practicable technology xxiii, 116,

124, 181 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

77,81,83 Break-even constraint 228,231, 234 British

c

Gas 202, 206, 208, 209, 280 TeleCom 202, 206, 208, 209,

280 Waterways Board 202, 206,

208, 209, 280

California Department of Water Resources 290, 299

Central Valley Project 275 Chemical coagulation 152 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 77,

78 Clean Water Act (CWA) xxiii, 160,

176, 180, 187, 197,293,309 Columbia Basin 259 Commercial water demand 16 Competitive water market 67 Consumers' surplus 60 Contestability 243, 304 Contestable market 242, 286 Corps of Engineers (COE) 7, 55,

197,249,258,304 Cost-benefit framework 8 Council on Environmental Quality

(CEQ) 182-184, 188, 197, 198, 291

Cross-price elasticities 228, 229 Cross-subsidization 222, 280

D

Damage functions 92, 94 Declining-block tariff structure 221 Department of the Environment 203,

293 Derived-demand functions 30, 33, 44 Deterministic xxiv Diffusion-transfer coefficient 87 Direct discharges 81, 181 Discriminatory pricing xi, 61, 62 Dissolved oxygen (DO) xxiii, 5, 77,

83, 85, 87, 292 Distribution of water xvii, xx, 6, 35,

195, 199, 202, 277, 284

316

Drinking-water xxi, 5, 154, 160, 187, 206

Dual-pipe system 10 Dynamic programming xvii, xxiv, 9,

254,289, 303 Dynamic resource allocation models 3

E

Economic Development Administration (EDA) 182

Economic feasibility of water reuse 166

Economies of scale xxi, 10, 221, 227, 229, 251, 254, 261, 281-283

Economy of scale 283 Economy-environment interaction viii,

104 Efficient allocation xvii, 47, 119, 195,

222,237,273, 282 Effluent

-water ratio viii, xii, xvii, xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 25, 33, 56,57, 73, 75, 83, 96, 97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116, 117-139, 141-148, 150, 152-154, 156, 158-160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183-186, 188, 192, 205, 206, 208, 226, 244, 250, 252-254, 277, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308

permits viii, xii, xvii, xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 25, 33, 56, 57, 73, 75, 83, 96, 97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116, 117, 118-139, 141-148, 150, 152-154, 156, 158-160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183-186, 188, 192, 205, 206, 208, 226, 244, 250, 252-254, 277, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308

regulation viii, xii, xvii, xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 25, 33, 56, 57, 73, 75, 83, 96, 97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 113,

116, 117, 118-139, 141-148, 150, 152-154, 156, 158-160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183-186, 188, 192, 205, 206, 208, 226, 244, 250, 252-254, 277, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308

standards viii, xii, xvii, xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 25, 33, 56, 57, 73, 75, 83, 96, 97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116, 117, 118-139, 141-148, 150, 152-154, 156, 158-160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183-186, 188, 192, 205, 206, 208, 226, 244, 250, 252-254, 277, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308

tax viii, xii, xvii, xx, xxii, xxv, xxvi, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 25, 33, 56, 57, 73, 75, 83, 96, 97, 101, 106, 107, 109, 113, 116-139, 141-148, 150, 152-154, 156, 158-160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183-186, 188, 192, 205, 206, 208, 226, 244, 250, 252-254, 277, 296, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308

Elasticity of demand 12, 19, 62, 232, 290

Emission license 146 Engineering efficiency 55, 273 England 7, 199,202,204,205,208,

209, 259, 260, 270, 271, 276, 293,303

Environmental constraints vii, xxi, xxii, xxiv,

xxv, xxvi, 1, 4, 5, 12, 15, 18, 19, 29, 33, 34, 39, 76, 79, 89-92, 94, 97, 101, 105-107, 113-115,118-120,123-129,138, 146, 150, 171, 182-184, 187, 188, 190-192, 196-198, 202, 221, 261, 266, 270, 275-277, 279, 284, 287, 288, 290-294,

296, 298-300, 303, 305-307, 309,312

demand vii, xxi, xxii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 4, 5, 12, 15, 18, 19, 29, 33, 34, 39, 76, 79, 89-92, 94,97, 101, 105-107, 113-115, 118, 119, 120, 123-129, 138, 146, 150, 171, 182-184, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196-198, 202, 221, 261, 266, 270, 275-277, 279, 284, 287, 288, 290-294, 296, 298-300, 303, 305-307, 309, 312

pollution vii, xxi, xxii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 4, 5, 12, 15, 18, 19, 29, 33, 34, 39, 76, 79, 89-92, 94,97, 101, 105-107, 113-115, 118, 119, 120, 123-129, 138, 146, 150, 171, 182-184, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196-198, 202, 221, 261, 266, 270, 275-277, 279, 284, 287, 288, 290-294, 296, 298-300, 303, 305-307,309,312

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 196, 305-307

Equalization 226 Equilibrium price 31, 59, 65, 66,

132,285 Equity 60,61,72,73, 171,222,225,

226, 228, 244, 278, 289, 296, 300

Externality viii, xii, xxi, xxiii, xxv, 57, 89,94,95, 117, 138, 143, 146, 173, 277

F

Fanners Home Administration (FHA) 182

Fecal coliform test 78 Federal Interagency River Basin

Committee (FIRBC) 259 Federal Water Pollution Control Act

Amendments (FWPCAA) xxiii, 176

317

Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA) 294

Flat-rate tariffs 221 Flood Protection Act 175 Floodwater vii, 37, 40, 163 Fluoride concentration 79 Franchise competition ix, x, 241, 242,

282,286 French river-basin 271

G

Gas Act 209 General equilibrium

framework viii, 68, 89, 116, 143, 289

model viii, 68, 89, 116, 143, 289 General-equilibrium setting 123, 128,

138, 147 Groundwater vii, xix, xx, xxv, 4, 6,

37-39, 41, 48, 49, 53-57, 66, 80, 82, 89, 96, 118, 147, 150, 154, 159, 161, 163, 171, 172, 211, 223, 229, 247, 248, 251, 252, 255, 257, 263, 267, 271, 287, 290, 291, 294, 295, 302, 306-309

H

Hazen-Williams equation 214 Hydrogen ion concentration 78

I

Incentive systems 188-190 Income-distribution effects 60, 61,

244 Increasing-block tariff structure 221 Industrial

wastewater vii, xviii, xix, xx, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16-20, 25, 30, 33, 38, 54, 61, 62, 68, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82, 94, 97, 101, 103, 110, 118, 149-152, 154, 155, 159,

318

160, 163, 166, 168, 169, 177-179, 181, 182, 185, 191, 207, 210, 212, 222, 230, 243, 244, 248, 250, 256, 267, 271, 276-278, 291, 295, 298, 299, 305, 308, 310

water demand vii, xviii, xix, xx, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15-20, 25, 30, 33, 38, 54, 61, 62, 68, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82,94, 97, 101, 103, 110, 118, 149-152, 154, 155, 159, 160, 163, 166, 168, 169, 177-179, 181, 182, 185, 191, 207, 210, 212, 222, 230, 243, 244, 248, 250, 256, 267, 271, 276-278, 291, 295, 298, 299, 305, 308, 310

Input-output forecasting 76, 104, 108, 186,

191,266 table 76, 104, 108, 186, 191, 266

Integer programming xviii, 52, 53 Integrated River-Basin Management

(IRBM) 202 Interbasin water transfer (IWT) 267 Interindustry flows 101, 186 Internalities 285 Interstate basin 248 Intrastate basin ix, 247-249, 261

L

Linear programming xviii, 163, 207, 215, 216, 218

Long-run demand x, xi, xxii, 45, 47, 48, 65-

67, 119, 121, 125, 146, 225, 226, 260, 273, 290, 295, 304, 305

marginal cost x, xi, xxii, 45, 47, 48, 65-67, 119, 121, 125, 146, 225, 226, 260, 273, 290, 295, 304,305

optimality x, xi, xxii, 45, 47, 48, 65-67, 119, 121, 125, 146,

M

225, 226, 260, 273, 290, 295, 304, 305

supply x, xi, xxii, 45, 47, 48, 65-67, 119, 121, 125, 146, 225, 226, 260, 273, 290, 295, 304, 305

Macro-basin 248 Marginal control costs (MCC) 92 Marginal damage costs (MDC) 92 Marginal social damages 119, 121 Marginal-cost pricing ix, 47, 50, 59,

61, 222, 224-228, 230, 232, 234,235

Market efficiency xxi, 1, 11-13, 60, 72, 73, 98, 274, 286

Market mechanisms ix, xxiv, 173, 184, 185, 188, 196, 253, 274

Market-based pricing 71 Mathematical programming xviii,

xxiv, 207 Metropolitan Water Management 300 Mixed-integer programming model 52 Modelling effluent standards viii, 113 Monopolistic price 280 Multiple-distribution system xx, 35 Multiple-pipe system 72 Municipal vii, xvii, xix, xxiii, xxv, 7,

10, 15, 17, 18,29, 54-57, 79, 103, 109, 110, 150, 152, 154, 158, 159, 168, 170, 177-179, 183, 197, 198, 199, 211, 222, 244, 254, 261, 267, 268, 276, 278, 284, 293, 295-298, 306

Municipal water demand vii, 15, 296

N

National Academy of Engineering 301 National Academy of Sciences 301 National Association of Manufacturers

301 National pollutant discharge elimination

system 180 National Research Council 301

National Rivers Authority (NRA) 204, 271

National Water Commission xx, 262, 300, 301, 307

Natural monopoly 207,213,280-286, 288, 304, 306

Natural resources viii, xxvi, 3, 8, 107, 198, 253, 284, 289, 290, 296, 302, 303, 304, 306, 308

New-source performance standards (NSPS) 180, 181

Nonpotable water 163 North American Water and Power

Alliance (NAWPA) 260

o Opportunity costs 47, 48, 54, 58, 72,

76,98,210,213,221,222,242, 243, 244, 269, 282, 284

Optimum capacity-expansion xx Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) 301, 302

Organizational structures x, 258

p

Pacific Southwest basin 259 Parametric linear programming 218 Pareto-<>ptimal

conditions 98,223, 229 pricing 98, 223, 229

Partial equilibrium in the long-run viii, 32, 58, 64, 71,

139 in the short-run viii, 32, 58, 64,

71, 139 Partial-equilibrium setting 118, 138 Peak-load pricing ix, 201, 235-237,

240, 244, 288, 289, 302 Pecuniary externalities 94 Pigouvian output tax viii, 122, 133-

135, 146 Pigouvian tax 96, 121, 133-137 Pollutants viii, xxii, xxiii, xxv, 1, 8,

9, 12, 40, 73, 75, 80-83, 89,

319

94, 110, 113, 122, 144, 147, 154-156, 180, 181,247,298

Pollution -abatement costs vii, viii, ix, xii,

xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11-13, 34, 38, 39, 47, 64, 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88-98, 101, 104, 106, 107, 110, 113-119, 123, 125, 126, 127-131, 133, 135-138, 140, 146, 147, 155, 161, 168-170, 175, 176, 178-180, 182-192, 197, 202, 205, 206, 253, 254, 257, 259-261, 263, 266, 271, 276, 277, 284, 287, 289, 290, 291-296, 298-303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 312, 317, 318

-damage function vii, viii, ix, xii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11-13, 34, 38, 39, 47, 64, 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88-98, 101, 104, 106, 107, 110, 113-119, 123, 125, 126-131, 133, 135-138, 140, 146, 147, 155, 161, 168-170, 175, 176, 178-180, 182-192, 197, 202, 205, 206, 253, 254, 257, 259-261, 263, 266, 271, 276, 277, 284, 287, 289, 290, 291-296, 298-303, 305, 306,308,309,312,317,318

costs vii, viii, ix, xii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1,3,4, 8, 9,11-13,34,38,39,47,64,69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88, 89-98,101,104,106,107,110, 113-119, 123, 125-131, 133, 135-138, 140, 146, 147, 155, 161, 168-170, 175, 176, 178-180, 182-192, 197, 202, 205, 206, 253, 254, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 266, 271, 276, 277, 284, 287, 289-296, 298-303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 312, 317, 318

320

damages vii, viii, ix, xii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3, 4, 8,9, 11-13, 34, 38, 39, 47, 64, 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88-98, 101, 104, 106, 107, 110, 113-119, 123, 125-131, 133, 135-138, 140, 146, 147, 155, 161, 168-170, 175, 176, 178-180, 182-192, 197, 202, 205, 206, 253, 254, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 266, 271, 276, 277, 284, 287, 289-296, 298-303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 312, 317,318

license vii, viii, ix, xii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1,3, 4, 8, 9, 11-13, 34, 38, 39, 47, 64, 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 88, 89-98, 101, 104, 106, 107, 110, 113-119, 123, 125-131, 133, 135-138, 140, 146, 147, 155, 161, 168-170, 175, 176, 178-180, 182-192, 197, 202, 205, 206, 253, 254, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 266, 271, 276, 277, 284, 287, 289-296, 298-303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 312,317,318

Potable water xx, 11, 157, 159, 160, 170, 210, 294

Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) 183

Pricing ix, xi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, 1, 11, 12, 16, 41, 47, 50, 54, 57-59, 61, 62, 71, 72, 95, 116, 138, 168, 173, 192, 201, 210, 212, 221, 222, 224-230, 232, 234-237, 240, 241, 243-245, 253, 256, 257, 269, 274, 280-282, 285, 288, 289, 292, 295, 296, 300, 301, 302-305, 308, 315, 316, 319

Primary treatment 155-157 Prior appropriation 7 Private

property xxii, xxvi, 7, 29, 88, 90, 95-97, 101, 106, 118, 122,

128, 135, 136, 137, 143, 147, 162, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 196, 199, 200, 201, 206-209, 212, 219, 224, 228, 242, 250, 259, 270, 27--279, 284-286, 289, 290, 293

regulated monopoly xxii, xxvi, 7, 29, 88, 90, 95-97, 101, 106, 118, 122, 128, 135-137, 143, 147, 162, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 196, 199-201, 206-209, 212, 219, 224, 228, 242, 250, 259, 270, 276-279, 284-286, 289, 290, 293

Private ownership of the water industry xxii, 196,

201, 206, 208, 270, 276, 279 Privatization

of water authorities i, iii, ix, x, xvii, 172, 173, 195, 196, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206-209, 218, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276-280, 282, 286, 293, 294, 296, 298, 302, 307, 309

of water services i, iii, ix, x, xvii, 172, 173, 195, 196, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206-209, 218, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276-280, 282, 286, 293, 294, 296, 298, 302, 307,309

Public -owned enterprises ix, xvii, xviii,

xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 1, 3, 4, 5, 10-12, 15-18, 29, 39, 55, 57, 62, 67, 68, 75, 94, 96, 97,98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 133, 143, 146, 147, 149-152, 154, 159, 160-163, 169, 171, 173, 175-179, 183, 185, 190, 196-201, 203-209, 211, 219, 222, 224-226, 228, 229, 232, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 271, 273, 274,276-280,282-285,287-294, 297, 299, 300, 302-306, 308, 315

health ix, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 1, 3-5, 10-

12, 15, 16-18, 29, 39, 55, 57, 62, 67, 68, 75, 94, 96-98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 133, 143, 146, 147, 149-152, 154, 159-163, 169, 171, 173, 175-179, 183, 185, 190, 196-201, 203-209, 211, 219, 222, 224-226, 228, 229, 232, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 271, 273, 274, 276-280, 282-285, 287-294, 297, 299, 300, 302-306, 308, 315

monopoly ix, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 1, 3-5, 10, 11, 12, 15-18, 29, 39, 55, 57, 62,67,68, 75, 94, 96-98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 133, 143, 146, 147, 149-152, 154, 159-163, 169, 171, 173, 175-179, 183, 185, 190, 196-201, 203-209, 211, 219, 222, 224-226, 228, 229, 232, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 271, 273, 274, 276-280, 282-285, 287-294, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304-306, 308, 315

ownership ix, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 1, 3-5, 10, 11, 12, 15-18, 29, 39, 55, 57, 62, 67, 68, 75, 94, 96-98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 133, 143, 146, 147, 149-152, 154, 159-163, 169, 171, 173, 175-179, 183, 185, 190, 196-201, 203-209, 211, 219, 222, 224-226, 228, 229, 232, 236, 238, 247, 249, 251, 271, 273, 274, 276-280, 282-285, 287-294, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304-306, 308, 315

Publicly-owned treatment works (POTW) xxiii

Q

Quality differentiation of water 222

321

Quality-discriminant pricing ix, xvii, 11, 12, 173, 221, 243, 274

Quality-graded pricing vii, xii, xxv, 1, 11, 12, 17-

19, 21, 26, 27, 30, 40-42, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 58, 68, 71, 72, 76, 94, 98, 103, 106, 138, 146, 164, 208-210, 213, 223, 224, 230, 232, 233, 235, 250, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286

water vii, xii, xxv, 1, 11, 12, 17-19, 21, 26, 27, 30, 40-42, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 58, 68, 71, 72, 76, 94, 98, 103, 106, 138, 146, 164, 208-210, 213, 223, 224, 230, 232, 233, 235, 250, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286

water market vii, xii, xxv, 1, 11, 12, 17-19, 21, 26, 27, 30, 40-42, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 58, 68, 71, 72, 76, 94, 98, 103, 106, 138, 146, 164, 208-210, 213, 223, 224, 230, 232, 233, 235, 250, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286

Quality-graded water supply vii, xii, 41, 164

Quantity-quality interaction 12, 274

R

Radioactive waste 79 Ramsey prices 228, 233 Rational xviii, 21, 175 Reaeration 83-85, 88, 305 Reclaimed wastewater 10, 151, 153 Recycling vii, ix, xvii, xx, xxvi, 1, 3,

4,9, 10, 12, 13,29,33,64,67, 76, 94, 98, 104, 148-152, 160, 163-166, 168, 171, 254, 255, 264, 273, 277

Regional xvii, xviii, xix, xxi, xxii, xxiv, xxv, 6, 7, 10, 94, 129, 163, 166, 168, 173, 176-179, 182, 186, 191, 198, 202, 204, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253-259, 261, 263, 264, 266,

322

267, 272, 281, 291, 292, 293, 297, 298, 301, 303, 305,307

Regionalization xx, xxi, 291, 295 Residential water demand 15, 295,

297,300 Resource Conservation and Recovery

Act 187 Retail Price Index (RPI) 206, 280 Return-on-Investment 219 Return-to-scale 238 River Basin Authority (RBA) xiii, xx,

98, 168, 173, 247, 248, 250, 252, 272

s Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

160, 187 Second-best pricing ix, 226, 228, 229,

304,305 Secondary treatment 6, 152, 156-159,

163 Seniority approach 6 Shadow price

of effluent absorption 30, 67, 71, 120, 121, 126, 127, 130, 141, 145,264

of water constraint 30, 67, 71, 120, 121, 126, 127, 130, 141, 145,264

Shadow prices xxiv, 53, 119, 141, 145, 235, 266

Short-run marginal cost xi, 44-46, 51, 58,

63-66, 119, 224, 225 supply of water xi, 44-46, 51, 58,

63-66, 119, 224, 225 Small Business Administration (SBA)

182 Social

damage function viii, xi, 7, 11,28, 29, 31, 32,47,48, 58, 60, 72, 73,94,97, 117-119, 121- 123, 125-127, 135-137, 163, 169, 175, 183, 187, 191, 192, 201, 208, 222, 224-226, 242, 243,

245, 258, 289, 291, 295, 299, 308, 319

efficiency viii, xi, 7, 11, 28, 29, 31, 32, 47, 48, 58, 60, 72, 73, 94, 97, 117-119, 121-123, 125-127, 135-137, 163, 169, 175, 183, 187, 191, 192, 201, 208, 222, 224-226, 242, 243, 245, 258, 289, 291, 295, 299, 308, 319

welfare maximization model viii, xi, 7, 11, 28, 29, 31, 32, 47, 48,58, 60, 72, 73, 94, 97, 117-119, 121-123, 125-127, 135-137, 163, 169, 175, 183, 187, 191, 192, 201, 208, 222, 224, 225, 226, 242, 243, 245, 258, 289, 291, 295, 299, 308, 319

Spatiall y differentiated pricing 241 Stochastic xviii, xxiv, 287 Stormwater 40, 154, 155, 159, 179,

183, 261 Streamflow water vii, 37 Subadditivity 283 Subsidies viii, ix, xxi, 29, 48, 96, 98,

128, 129, 133, 137, 138, 147, 176, 179, 182, 190, 201, 227, 265, 267, 275, 290

T

Technological constraints viii, xviii, xxii, 3, 16,

30, 41, 52, 54, 89, 92-95, 107, 115, 116, 118, 124, 129, 133, 146, 163, 176, 178-180, 182, 188, 189, 191, 192, 215, 273, 279, 285, 300

externality viii, xviii, xxii, 3, 16, 30,41,52,54, 89,92-95, 107, 115, 116, 118, 124, 129, 133, 146, 163, 176, 178-180, 182, 188, 189, 191, 192, 215, 273, 279, 285, 300

Technology-based effluent 180 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

259

Tertiary treatment 156-159 Threshold odor number (TON) 77, 80 Total organic carbon (TOC) 77 Total oxygen demand (TOD) 77 Total solid carbon 77 Tradeable permits viii, 128 Transferable emissions reduction

assessments (TERA) 183 Triple-pipe system 10 Turbidity 6, 64, 77, 79 Two-part tariffs 221,289

u

U.S. Army Engineer Division xviii, 7,

18, 37-39, 54, 55, 75, 104, 153, 160, 172, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 195-197, 201, 208, 210, 218, 228, 244, 249, 253, 258, 260, 268, 269, 276, 280, 286, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 304-307, 309

Department of Agriculture xviii, 7, 18, 37-39, 54, 55, 75, 104, 153, 160, 172, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 195-197, 201, 208, 210, 218, 228, 244, 249, 253, 258, 260, 268, 269, 276, 280, 286, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 304-307, 309

Fish and Wildlife Service xviii, 7, 18, 37-39, 54, 55, 75, 104, 153, 160, 172, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 195-197, 201, 208, 210, 218, 228, 244, 249, 253, 258, 260, 268, 269, 276, 280, 286, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299,301,304-307,309

Geological Survey xviii, 7, 18,37-39, 54, 55, 75, 104, 153, 160, 172, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 195-197, 201, 208, 210, 218, 228, 244, 249, 253, 258, 260, 268, 269, 276, 280, 286, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 304-307, 309

v

323

National Water Commission xviii, 7, 18, 37-39, 54, 55, 75, 104, 153, 160, 172, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 195-197, 201, 208, 210, 218, 228, 244, 249, 253, 258, 260, 268, 269, 276, 280, 286, 289-291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 304-307, 309

Vertical integration 286

w

Wales 202, 204, 205, 270, 293 Wastewater reclamation 152, 153,

159, 305 Water

banks i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21,23-28,27-34, 33-35, 37, 38,39-51,50-66,65-73,75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309,314-316,318-320

demand i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33, 34, 35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229,

324

230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

desalination i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33, 34, 35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245,247-309,314-316,318-320

distribution i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1,3-13, 15-21,23-28, 27-34, 33, 34, 35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

market equilibrium i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1,3-13,15-21,23-28,27, 28, 29-34, 33-35, 37-51,50-66, 65-73,75-84,88-90, 89,90,93, 94-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191-193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222-227, 229, 230, 232-238,240-245,247-309,314-316, 318-320

markets i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx,

xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33, 34, 35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84; 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

privatization i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33,34,35,37-51,50-66,65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173,175-181,183,185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245,247-309,314-316,318-320

quality i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33-35, 37, 38, 39-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309,314-316,318-320

quantity/quality interface i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33-35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89,

90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191-193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

recycling i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21,23-28,27-34,33,34, 35,37-51,50-66,65-73, 75- 84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159- 173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

reuse i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33-35, 37, 38, 39-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

supply i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33-35, 37, 38, 39-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129,

325

130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245, 247-309, 314-316, 318-320

transmission i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1, 3-13, 15-21, 23-28, 27-34, 33,34,35,37-51,50-66,65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173,175-181,183,185-187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221-227, 229, 230, 232-238, 240-245,247-309,314-316, 318-320

withdrawal permits i, iii, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, 1,3-13, 15-21,23-28,27, 28, 29-34, 33-35, 37-51, 50-66, 65-73, 75-84, 88-90, 89, 90, 93, 94-99, 101, 103, 104, 106-108, 110, 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 138-157, 159-173, 175-181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191-193, 195-199, 202-214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222-227, 229, 230, 232-238,240-245,247-309,314-316, 318-320

Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF) 292, 301, 308, 309

Water quality criteria 292, 301, 308, 309 management 292, 301, 308, 309

Water Resources Planning Act 198, 259

Welfare economics vii, 11, 27, 29, 32, 58,

60-62,89-91,95,118,125,127, 152, 224, 227-232, 234, 237-

326

239, 242, 243, 284, 286, 288,293,296-298, 302

optimization vii, 11, 27, 29, 32, 58, 60-62, 89-91, 95, 118, 125, 127, 152, 224, 227-232, 234, 237-239, 242, 243, 284, 286, 288, 293, 296-298, 302

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) 8, 308

World Health Organization (WHO) 308

y

Yardstick 270, 281

z Zonal pricing 241

AUTIIORINDEX

A

Aguado, E. xx Aharoni, Y. 284 Ahmed, J. xix Aranson, P.H. xxii Asopa, V.N. xix

B

Bagley, lM. 260 Bailey, James R. 151 Baumol, William J. xxi, 24, 94, 97, 98,

123, 133, 134, 138, 147, 224, 228 Beesley, M.E. 280 Berg, V. 232 Bergson, A 228 Berthouex, P.M. xx Bird, P.W.N. 9 Bishop, AB. 166, 254 Boardman, AE. 201 Bocking, Richard C. 268 Boiteux, M. 228,236 Bouzaher, A 9 Bowden, Charles 7 Bower, B.T. xvii, 89, 123 Brill Jr., E.D. xix Brown, Lee 57, 77 Buras, N. xix Burrows, P.B. 126, 134

c Carlton, D.W. 134, 136, 137 Carvey, D.G. 9 Caves, D.W. 201 Christman, T.C. 80 Cicchetti, C.l 255 Clark, R.M. xxi, 159 Cleary, R.W. 38 Clemens, E.W. 228 Coase, R.H. 95, 228, 277 Cochrane, H.C. 211 Crook, 1 155

Cunha, Luis V. 198

D

d' Aspremont, C. xxiv Dales, John H. 123, 129 Dandy, G.C. xx Dasgupta, P. xxiv Dauer, J.P. xx Davis, R.K. xvii, xxiv De Alessi, L. 201 Deb, AK. 211 Decoursey, D.G. 9 Demsetz, H. xxii, 95, 200, 241, 282,

284,285 Dobbins, W.E. 88 Dorfman, Robelt 250 Driver, B. 55 Dudley, N.J. xix Dworkin, D. 170 Dysart, B.D. XXIV

E

Everest, W.R. 152

F

Farna, E.F. 200 Feenberg, D. 34 Feldman, David 271 Fisher, AC. 266 Frisch, R. 227

G

Gerrnanopoulos, C. 207 Gibbons, Diana C. 18, 236, 244 Gilbert, lB. xx Gillies, M.T. 158 Goodman, Alvin S. xix, 269 Gouevsky, 1. V. xix Graves, G.H. xxiii Grebenstein, C.R. 104 Grigg, Neil S. xxi Gromiec, M.J. 88

328

Gross, J. 101, 102, 115, 156, 186 Gupta, R.S. xix Gysi, M. xx

H

Hahn, R.W. 130 Haimes, Y.Y. xxiii Hammer, D.A. 158 Hampton, N.F. xix Haney, P.D. 211 Hanke, S.H. xvii, xix, 16 Hardin, G. xxii Hartman, Loyola M. 268 Hass, lE. xxiii Hausman, lxxvii, 27 Heady, Earl o. xviii, 9 Henning, D.H. 79 Herzog Jr., H.W. xxiii Hicks, J.R. 227 Hirshleifer, Jack 185, 296 Hotelling, H. 227 Howe, C.W. xvii, 232, 265, 267, 269 Humphrey, N. xxi Hutchins, Wells A. 7, 172 Hwang, C.L. XXlll, xxiv

J

Jarrell, G.A. 282 Johnson, J.F. 170 Jowitt, P.W. 213

K

Kahn, A.E. 224, 225, 283 Katzner, D.W. 21 Kindsvater, C.E. 258 King, N.J. 81, 82 Kneese, Allen V. 89, 123 Koelzer, Victor A. xx Krenkel, Peter A. 5 Krupnick, A.J. 146

L

Lauria, D.T. xix, xx LeConte, R. 210-212 Lee, Chung-Jer 186 Lewis, C.L. 106, 234 Littlechild, S.C. 203, 207, 280, 281 Loehr, Raymond C. 110 Loomis, J. 236 Lovejoy, S.B. 9 Lundquist, Jan 272

M

Macaulay, S. 269 Mann, P.C. 241 Manne, Alan S. xx Martin, Roscoe C. 249, 261 Mather, John R. 17, 18 McCuen, R.H. 16 McGarry, R.S. xx McPherson, M.B. xx Meade, J. xxi Mellendorf, L.D. xxi Miller, J. xx Miller, S.R. 9 Milliman, J.R. XVII

Milliman, W.L. 133 Milne, M. 151 Miyaoka, S. 207 Mohring, H. 228, 236, 237 Molz, F.J. xx Montgomery, W.D. 146 Murphy, K.J. 201

N

Nakashima, H. xix Noukka, K. xviii Novotny, Vladilnir 9

o Ocanas, G. 255, 264 Orth, H.M. 207

p

Pack, J.R. 219,277,278 Palmer-Jones, R.W. xix Panzar, John C. 236, 240, 242 Park, W.M. 9, 153 Pearce, David W. 95,96 Phillips, C.F. xxi Pigou, Arthur C. xxi, 96 Plott, C.R. 133 Porter, Michael E. 242 Posner, R.A. 242 Prasitka, D.W. 16

R

Ramsey, F.P. 228, 232, 233, 235, 243 Ratcliffe, B. 207 Rees, R. 234, 228 Remson, I. xx Riordan, C. xx Rogers, P. 274 Rose-Ackerman, S. 134 Russell, Clifford S. xxiv

s Sabbaghi, A. iii, xx, 127 Saliba, Bonnie C. 56,222 Salter, W.E.G. 180, 182, 184 Samuels, T.A. xix Sawyer, W.J. xviii, 78 Scarato, R.T. xx Schilling, K.E. 54 Schmandt, Jurgen 7, 8,57 Schultze, Charles L. 183 Schulze, W. 134 Scitovsky, T. 89 Seitz, W.D. 9 Sharkey, W.W. 282 Shepherd, W.G. 243 Sherman, Roger 228, 229 Shupe, S.I. 57 Shuval, Hillel I. 149 Siegrist, R.L. 151 Singley, J.E. 149 Spulber, Daniel F. iii, xxii, 95, 116,

119, 122, 127, 132, 133, 135, 136, 213, 224, 229, 241, 242, 282, 285

Starrett, D.A. xxi Steiner, P.O. 236 Stone, J.C. xviii Streeter, H.W. xxiii, 83, 88 Szesztay, K. xvii

T

Teclaft', Ludwik A. 247 Thompson, Russell G. xviii, 56 Tietenberg, Thomas H. 129 Todini, E. 207 Travis, Curtis C. 38

v Van Hom, C.E. 278, 279

329

Vickers, John 199, 202, 203, 207, 208, 280

Viessman Jr., W. 54

w

Walker, D.I. xxvii, 9 Warford, J.I. xvii Webb, Michael G. 224,226 Weinberg, E. 261, 266 White, George C. 203,236,259 Williams, Robert B. 78-80,214 Williamson, O.E. 236 Willis, R. xv, xx Windsor, J. xix Wolman, M.G. 176

y

Yazicigil, H. xx Young, R.A. 57,79

z

Zeckhauser, R.I. 200, 201 Zison, S.W. 110 lore, lM. 180 Zunckel, A.F. 152