Glenn C. LouryBrown University

Presentation at Conference Honoring the Memory of Prof. John Hope FranklinDuke University, April 2010

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a High School Education

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Black Men

White Men

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Black Women

White Women

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 34 Reporting a Four-Year College Education

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Black Men

White Men

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Black Women

White Women

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

White Men

Black Men

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

White Women

Black Women

White Women

Black Women

Percent of Native-Born, Non-Hispanic Men and Women Aged 25 to 59 Employed; 1968 to 2007

Median Wage and Salary Earnings for Native-Born Non-Hispanics Reporting Earnings

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

$45,000

$50,000

$55,000

$60,000

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

White Men

Black Men

Black Women

White Women

Median Income of Households Headed by Native-Born Non-Hispanics (shown in constant 2007 Dollars)

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

$45,000

$50,000

$55,000

$60,000

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Whites

Blacks

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanics Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

ImpoverishedBlacks

Impoverished Whites

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Children Under Age 18 Below the Poverty Line; 1968 to 2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

ImpoverishedBlack Children

Impoverished White Children

Percent of Native-Born Non-Hispanic Households Owning their Residence

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Black Owners

White Owners

HOME OWNERSHIP

Percent of White and Black Wives and Husbands Under Age 30 Married to a Spouse of the Other Race, 1950 to 2007

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2007

Black Wives

Black Husbands

White Wives

White Husbands

INTER-RACIAL MARRIAGE

Percent of Children Under Age 18 in Married Couple Families withParents of Different Races

0.2% 0.4%0.8%

2.0%

2.8%

6.7%

9.0%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007

Incarceration is a Primary Life Experience for Black Men

The Scale of Incarceration Distorts Social Measurement

Incarceration Has Large Impact of Black Children

MORE GENERALLY, DOES THE PERSISTENCE AND SEEMING PERMANENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE SIGNAL A FUNDAMENTAL FAILURE OF THE “SECOND RECONSTRUCTION”? 

AND, IF SO, WHAT WOULD THIS IMPLY ABOUT THE FUTURE OF RACIAL JUSTICE ADVOCACY IN AMERICA?