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Rodolfo Smiljanic&
the Gaia-ESO Survey Consortium
Dep. of AstrophysicsNicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Toruń, Poland
Red Giants in theGaia-ESO Survey
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● The Gaia-ESO Survey● Targets & Scientific Goals ● Red Giants in the Survey● Data Analyses and Data Releases● Early Results from the Sample of Giants
TOPICS
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Gaia-ESOhttp://www.gaia-eso.eu/
● Public Spectroscopic Survey
● Two Co-PIs: G. Gilmore (IoA Cambridge, UK) S. Randich (Obs. Arcetri, Italy)
● FLAMES multi-fiber facility at the 8m UT2/VLT
● Aims to observe >105 Galactic stars
● 300 nights allocated for 4 years (+ 1?)
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Gaia-ESO
● Around 300 CoIs from 90 Institutes.
● Astrophysical dataproducts to be released
● Huge collaborationwith a huge task!
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
The FLAMES Instrument
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● A Fiber positioner with two plates (FoV of 25' diameter).● 132 fibers of 1.2 arcsec connected to Giraffe.● 8 fibers of 1.0 arcsec connected to UVES.
● Giraffe: medium-high resolution spectrograph R ~ 20000HR10, 15N, 21: λλ 533-562, 647-679, 848-900 nm
● UVES: high-resolution echelle spectrographR ~ 47000#580 nm set up (λλ 476-684 nm)
The FLAMES Instrument
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Gaia-ESOhttp://www.gaia-eso.eu/
● All Galactic components (halo, bulge, thick and thin disks)● Sample of ~100 open clusters● Selected calibration samples
● PMS, MS and Giants● OBAFGKM-types
● Multiple goals!
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Scientific Goals
● Formation and evolution of the Milky Way, its stars and stellar populations.
● Kinematics and abundances
● Dynamical evolution of open clusters (birth to disruption).
● Stellar evolution.● Halo substructures.● Nature of the bulge.● Formation of the thin
and thick disks.
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
It will observe 109 stars!!! (down to I ~ 20)
Gaia is coming!
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● 109 objects (26 x 106 with V < 15, 250 x 106 with V < 18)
● Positions and proper motions better than 25μas at V=15● Parallax error of 25μas at V=15● RV error of 15 km/s at V=17● Thousands of OCs (mean distances to 1%)● Observations of clusters in the LMC (~ 200 μas)● 80 GCs (+1000 stars) within 10kpc (mean distances to 1%)● Discovery of 105-106 asteroids● For stars within 200 pc, discover every Jupiter size planet with
period between 1.5 - 9 years
● Spectra with R ~ 11500 of 1.5 x 108 stars with V < 17, around 870nm
What can Gaia do?
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
What can we do for Gaia?
Gaia has limited spectroscopic capabilities
● Final σRV
~ 1 km/s for a G5V star with V=14, σRV
~ 5 km/s at V = 18; for hot stars σ
RV ~ 10 km/s at V = 16.
● Estimates of [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] for stars brighter than V~12.
Gaia-ESO: adds the spectroscopic information.
● Better RV precision.● Detailed abundances down to V ~ 16 (UVES).● At least [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] down to V~19 (Giraffe) –
possibly more elements.
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
What can we do for Gaia?
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
(Gilmore et al. 2012)
Gaia-ESO Targets
1. Open Clusters
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● Sample of ~100 OCs● In all phases of evolution
(~1 Myr to ~10 Gyr)● Covering the age-[Fe/H]-
radial distance-mass space● Complete members
(from OB to M-type stars)● UVES for brighter and key
objects (down to V ~ 16.5)● GIRAFFE for all others
(down to V ~ 19)
Gaia-ESO Targets
2. Field stars:
● Bulge: K giants (Giraffe); bright giants in low-extinction regions (UVES)
● Halo/Thick disks: mainly turn-off stars (Giraffe) giants in the outer disk, flare, warp, streams... (Giraffe)
● Thin disk: arm, inter-arm, near-bar line of sights (Giraffe only RV)
● Solar neighborhood: >5000 FG-type stars (< 2 kpc) (UVES)
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Gaia-ESO Targets
3. Calibration fields:
● Gaia Benchmark Stars (Giraffe & UVES)
● CoRoT fields (Giraffe & UVES)
● Well studied OCs and GCs (Giraffe & UVES)
● Targets of other Surveys(Giraffe & UVES)
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Benchmark Stars
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● Used to validate the analyses
● Stars with fundamentalparameters
● Observed by GES, or from a spectral library
Red Giants in GES
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● Old- and intermediate age open clusters (> 100 Myr)Clump giants with UVES
● Bulge K giants with Giraffe
● Inner disk/BulgeClump giants with UVES (search for metal-poor stars)
● Outer disk, halo-thick disk substructuresBright giants with Giraffe
● Globular clusters (calibration)UVES and Giraffe
● CoRoT fields (calibration)UVES and Giraffe
Analyses & Data Products
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Analyses & Data Products
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
WG11: Analyses of UVES spectra of FGK-type starsco-coordinators: A. Korn (Upsala) & R. Smiljanic (CAMK)
● 60+ people from 20+ different institutes (14 FTEs)● Analysis of 5000+ stars (giants and dwarfs, field and clusters)● ~13 different Nodes (multiple analyses)
● Receive: reduced UVES spectra, photometric information, RV and vsini.
● Deliver: atmospheric parameters, abundances, equivalent widths, chromospheric activity with errors, quality flags, and method-to-method dispersion.
● Li, C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Ce, and Dy
Science VerificationNumbers
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
● 6 months of data (up to June 2012)
UVES (FGK-type stars):● 421 stars with atmospheric parameters
271 MW / 98 OC / 52 CAL● 147 with log g
First Public ReleaseUVES FGK-type
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Early Science
● For early science, a bit of everything was observed
● OCs: stellar evolution, internal kinematics, membership, PMS, hot-stars, etc...
● GCs: stellar evolution, GC formation● Bulge: search for metal-poor stars, inner disk chemical
composition● Thick disk: formation, scale lengths● Halo: substructures, peculiar stars
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Early Science
● Stellar Evolutionwith OCs
● Abundances of Li, C, N, O, and Na
● Red: GES● Blue: Smiljanic 2012● Black: Smiljanic et al. (2009)
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Early Science
● Stellar Evolutionwith OCs
● Li-rich giants in an OC
● Help to constrain the evolutionary stage ofthese objetcs.
Globular clusters: abundances (anti-)correlations.
● GCs for CAL. but also Science
● Red giants with UVES
● Li, C, N, O, Na, Al...
● NGC2808: [Fe/H] = -1.07, age = 12-13 Gyr
Early Science
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Dig Sites of Stellar Archaeology: Giant Stars in the Milky Way, Izmir, Turkey, 4-6 Sep. 2013
Summary
● GES is an exciting project that will deliver a lot!!
● Data and results are public!● Semester releases of reduced data.● First annual release of advanced data products in ~ June 2014● Final release: Dec. 2017 or 2018 (extension?)
● Products: Atmospheric parameters, abundances, chromospheric activity, radial velocities, reduced data, auxiliary data, errors
● Many opportunities, data for different goals, OCs, GCs, MW field● OBAFGKM-type stars● Many red giants!
http://www.gaia-eso.eu/
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