FINAL REPORT

u

AND -

STATE PROJECT 8.1500605 '

1

. .

PREPARED BY: MELISSA E. WHITMILL

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ANALYST VALUE ENGINEERING SECTION

DESIGN SERVICES UNIT N.C. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

74

FEBRUARY 26,1991

CONTENTS

I. Project Description and History PAGE 1

11. Recycled and Waste Products Used 2

111. Potential Effects on Landfill Operations 5

IV. Cost Comparison of Conventional Items v s . 'Recycled Items 7

V. Additional Efforts

VI. Conclusion

VII. Appendices

A. Project Location Map

B. Categorized Listing of Recycled and Waste Products

7

9

C. Project Special Provisions

D. Recommendations from Division of Environmental Management

Project Description and History

This report presents the recycled/recyclable materials and products studied and incorporated into State Construction Project 8.1500605 (U-2003AA), Federal Aid Project F-100-l(8). constructed consists of widening a two-lane segment of NC 54 in Orange County to a four-lane divided highway for a distance of 2.182 miles. location map is located in Appendix A. The project has received experimental status by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) due to the use o f special

. The type of work to be

A project

' products. The project was let February 19, 1991.

The experimental project was selected in response to Senate Bill 111 which was ratified by the North Carolina General Assembly on August 12, 1989, mandating State agencies to develop solid waste management programs. Furthermore, on October 1, 1989, Section 6, Article 2 of Chapter 136 of N. C. General Statutes was amended to Senate Bill 111 requesting the NCDOT to research and incorporate recycled/recyclable products into highway construction. The types o f recycled materials and products incorporated into U-2003AA would normal ly contribute to the consumer and industrial waste streams. space in landfills.

Additionally, .these items contribute to the problems o f declining

The effort discussed in this report responds to the following requirements of Senate Bill 111:

1. Determine feasible usage o f recyclable materials for. highway construction, specifically ground waste rubber tires and recycled mixed plastic materials;

Select demonstration projects for use of recycledlrecyclable materials in highway construction and.-further research these products as warranted; and

.., 2.

3. Expand on the use of refurbished materials in highway construction.

The NCDOT coordinated these efforts through the Recycling and Solid .

The Value Waste Task Force which established a subcommittee to identify products comprised of waste materials for use in highway construction. Engineering Section of the Design Services Unit was appointed by the subcommitte to research recycled products since this section normally coordinates .the evaluation of all new products used on our North Carolina highways.

The Value Engineering Section categorized recycled materials as follows:

1. Recycled products normally used on our projects;

2. Recycled plastic products currently manufactured which may or may not be applicabre for this project;

3 . Undeveloped recycled products which could be used on this project; - and

4. Possible uses of shredded tires.

1

Appendix B contains a detailed listing of these products.

Recycled and Waste Products Used

on our projects and the quantity used specifically for this project: The following text discusses recycled products which are normally used

Steel Products

A total of 525,124 lbs of steel yielded, at 25%? 131,281 lbs or 9.9 cy of recycled steel for this project.

Ford Tauruses.

Concrete Products

The Department normally allows the substitution o f fly ash for a portion of the cementitious material used to make concrete. fly ash was made mandatory for this project. will be substituted for a portion of the portland cement in most classes of concrete. A total of 1;006,572 lbs of fly ash will be used. This is approximately 1,815.3 cy which can fill 14 eighteen-wheel ( 4 8 ' long) tractor trailers at 133.3 cy per trailer.

100% of all steel products contain at least 25% recycled steel.

To get an idea of just how much . recycled steel is used, 131,281 lbs is equivalent to approximately 44

The use o f Approximately 20% fly ash

Aluminum Products

The aluminum products include signs and 2-bars. Aluminum products may contain a recycled composition of 0-100%. was assumed for this study. aluminum was used which is equivalent to 22,980 empty aluminum soda cans.

A 50% recycled content Thus, a total of 957 lbs of recycled

Twenty-four aluminum cans equals one pound.

Copper Products

Copper products contain up to 90% recycled copper and are 100% recyclable. Recycled copper products used for U-2003AA are in the wiring and cables. used in the electrical wires. length, 1/2" diameter, copper pipes. A 20' length, 1/2" diameter, copper pipe weighs 6.88 pounds.

Approximately 830 lbs of recycled copper will be This i s equivalent to 121 twenty foot

Glass Products

The glass products include glass beads used in the paint and thermoplastic pavement markings for pavement marking 1 ines and symbols. Glass beads are 100% recycled glass. Approximately 12,699 lbs of glass will be recycled into these glass beads. One full grocery bag, 1O"x12"x24", of empty glass soda bottles weighs 16 lbs. 12,699 lbs of recycled glass is equivalent to 794 grocery bags full of waste glass bottles.

There are several special products for this project which contain recycled/recyclable or sol id waste materials. Unit will monitor each special product's performance as detailed in a work

Thus, *

The Research and Development

2

. plan and required by the FHWA. items are discussed in the Project Special Provisions (Appendix C):

The location and placement of the following

Recyc 1 ed P1 as t i c Products :

Flexible Delineator Posts

The roadway del ineator posts are manufactured from recycled and/or recyclable plastic. A total of 128 delineators will be installed. At ,

2.25 lbs per delineator there will be 288 lbs of recycledlrecyclable plastic which is equivalent to 1440 one-gallon plastic milk jugs. Five one-gallon milk jugs equals one pound.

Plastic Temporary Traffic Control Barricades

project U-2003AA. uprights and skids which are the support members, are manufactured with ultraviolet resistant recycled and/or recyclable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. A 3" diameter PVC pipe weighs 1.5 lbs per foot. a total of 600 lbs or 1072 LF of recycled and/or recyclable PVC pipe is required for 400 LF of barricades.

Approximately 400 LF of Type I 1 1 Barricades will be installed on Portions of the traffic control barricade, the

Therefore,

Plastic Fence Post

A 600 foot section of woven wire fence will incorporate line posts, Approximately corner and pull posts manufactured from recycled plastic.

864 lbs of recycled plastic will be required and is equivalent to 5076 two-liter plastic soda bottles. equals one pound.

Six two-liter plastic soda bottles

Spec i a 1 Fence

A rail fence, 72 feet long, will be constructed from plastic posts . and rails.

posts and rails which is equivalent to 2187 two-liter plastic soda bottles.

Approximately 365 lbs of recycled plastic will produce the

Recycled Waste Tires:

usage of waste tires in highway construction and maintenance. contains a duplicated memorandum from the DEM disclosing the results of their study. affects to water quality.

The Division of Environmental Management (DEM) has approved statewide Appendix D

Additionally, the DEM proposed a monitoring process to determine any

Shredded Waste Tires in Embankments

Designated embankments will be constructed with layers of shredded tires mixed with soil. this mixture will consist of 10% - 40% tire material. tire volume of 25% is achieved, will result in the use of 1250 cy (1,417,500 lbs) of shredded 14" automobile tires or 5000 cy o f whole

According to the project special provisions, Assuming that a .

3

tires. eighteen-wheel tractor trailer, would fill 38 trailers.

This is equivalent to 64,430 tires which, if stacked in an

Tire Retaining Wall

A 2000 SF retaining wall consisting of approximately 2500 forty-two inch waste truck tires will be constructed on this project. pertaining to the construction of the tire retaining wall may be found in the project special provisions contained in Appendix C. hundred 42" waste truck tires weighs approximately 325,000 lbs and occupies 890'cy which would fill 7 eighteen-wheel tractor trailers.

Details

Twenty-five

Rubber Filled Bituminous Concrete Mixtures

A quarter mile section of the p.coject's asphalt pavement will be constructed using finely ground waste tires in the asphalt mix. percent by weight (40 lbs/ton) of the bituminous concrete mix will contain crumb rubber. A total o f 3040 tons o f the rubber filled asphalt concrete will be used. 121,600 lbs of crumb rubber will be required for the mixes. quantity of crumb rubber. However, the actual amount used is equivalent to 5530 fourteen inch automobile tires. This amount of whole and stacked tires occupies 429 cy which can fill 3 tractor trailers.

Waste tires are normally sent to a landfill.

Two

10,133 waste tires will be required to obtain the necessary

The Orange County Landfill ships their waste tires to U. S. Tire in Concord for shredding. from 1000 to 4000 tires are loaded onto a trailer twice a month to prevent a build-up of waste tires in their landfill. they are shredded in Concord.

Anywhere

The tires are landfilled after

Recycled Usaqes for Mulch:

Clearing and Grubbing Debris

The clearing and grubbing special provisions for this project requires that any timber, excluding roots and stumps, will be chipped or shredded to a size of no more than one inch in diameter. The debris will be used as temporary mulch for erosion control on 3 acres. At 5 tons of wood chips per acre this will equal 30,000 lbs of wood chips.

Mulch for Planting

Leaf mould will be substituted for regular mulch. Sixty cubic yards of leaf mould will be used as mulching during planting and five cubic yards of leaf mould will be used for mulching after planting. Normally, this material would be burned or landfilled. The Town of Carrboro will be donating the leaf mould at no charge to the contractor.

-

Ref urb i shed Mat eri a 1 s :

Traffic Signal Heads

Thirty-three traffic signal heads have been refurbished for this Additionally, more signal heads are proposed to be recycled project. *

4

for an adjacent project 8.1500606 (U-2003AB), Federal Aid Project F-100-l(9). A total of 1564 lbs of traffic signal heads have been refurbished.

Information concerning the quantities o f recycled and/or recyclable products discussed herein has been condensed into the chart labeled "Recycled Materials In U-2003AA: Volume Conserved From Landf i 1 1 .I' listed, except the mulch, is shown with its recycled content by weight and volume. Additionally, these highway products are compared to an easily recognized volume as previously discussed for each item. equivalent volumes of these products, excluding tires and flyash, are shown in their uncrushed form).

Each product

(Note: The

Detailed calculations are available upon request.

Potential Effects on Landfill Operations

Assuming all of these products are normally landfilled as waste products, a total o f 3 million pounds or 8300 cubic yards o f materials were recycled and diverted from the waste stream. steel, aluminum and copper products, 'these materials are recycled on a regular basis; however, for the purpose of this report, their recycled contents were also included.

Due to the high demand for

To determine the effect project U-2003AA could have on the life of a landfill it was assumed that all of the recycled products used in the project were diverted from the Orange County Landfill. The following information concerning the operation of this facility was obtained from the Orange County Sanitation Department:

Expiration date 1997 Density o f waste 3 cy/Ton Annual consumption ( 1990) Operation .of f aci 1 i ty

100,000 Tons/Year 5.5 Days/Week or 280 Days/Year

Based'on this data and the findings o f this report, the following result was determined:

100,000 Tons/Year = 350 Tons/Day x 3 CY/Ton = 1050 CY/Day 280 Dayslyear

Thus, 8300 CY Recycled materia'ls in U-2003AA Landfi 1 1 consumption rate 1050 CY/Day

equals 8 days added to the 1 ife of the landfill.

5

l_l

RECYCLED AAATERlALS IN U-200384: VOLUME CONSERV€D FROM LAP; 3FlLE RECYCLED CONTENT ITEM __

RECYCLED PRODUCTS NORMALLY USED: % RECYCLE COMPOSITION LBS. c Y.

STEEL PRODUCTS 25% 131,281 9 9

CONCRETE PRODUCTS (FLYASH) 20% 1,006,572 1,815.3

ALUMINUM PRODUCTS 50% 95 7 ,212

COPPER PRODUCTS 90% 830 a55

GLASS PRODUCTS 100% 12,699 49 09

RECYCLED PLASTIC PRODUCTS:

FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POSTS 288 .170

TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL BARRICADES 600 .731

PLAsric FENCE POSTS

SPECIAL FENCE (3 RAIL FENCE & POSTS)

RECYCLED WASTE TIRES: (1250 SHREDDED) SHREDDED TIRES - EMBANKMENT FILL

TIRE RETA:NING WALL 890

CRUMB RUBBER - ASPHALT CEMENT MIX 429

RECYCLED USAGE FOR MULCH: 3.0 ACRES WOOD CHIPS FROM CLEARING 8 GRUBBING (TEMP.)

LEAF MOULD MULCHING DURING PUNTING 60

MULCHING AFTER PLANTING 5

REFURBISHED PRODUCTS TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEADS 1,564 2 0

TOTAL LBS. 8,263.98 C Y .

SAY 3 MILLION LBS. 8,300 C.Y. RECYCLED MATERIAL

EQUIVALENT VOLUME __ ~ _ _ _

44 FORD TAURUSE:

14 TRACTOR-TRAILEAS 133.3 C YA'RAILER

22,980 ALUMINUM CANS

121 - 2O'X 1/2" COPPER PIPES

794 - lO"X12'%24" C.ROCERY BAGS

1440 - 1 GALLON I LK JUGS

1072' PVC PIPE 3" D l k

5076 2-LITER PMnc BOTTLES

2187 2-LITER PLASTIC BOi7LES

64,430 14" AUTO TIRES 38 TRACTOR-TRAILERS

2,500 42" TRUCK TIRES 7 TRACTOR-TRAILERS

5,530 14" AUTO TIRES 3 TRACTOR-TRAILERS

33 TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEADS

PAGE 6

Cost Comparison of Conventional Items vs. Recycled Items

To determine the financial effects of incorporating recycled products in this project, the unit bid for each special product was compared to the average 1990 unit bid of its conventional counterpart. to those items normally used on our state highway construction projects.) Actual project bid prices were used to compare conventional bituminous concrete pavement to the rubberized pavement. demonstrated in the chart titled "Cost Comparison: Conventional Items vs. Recycled Items." This chart not only indicates the unit cost difference, but also, the overall costs comparisons. The chart illustrates which recycled products saved money and which added to the cost of the project. example, the use of waste tires in lieu of concrete or.brick for the retaining wall saved approximately $170,000. On the other hand, the cost of clearing and grubbing increased significantly to $218,716.62. Normally, the clearing and grubbing debris is burned or landfilled; however, for this project the material is to be chipped and shredded for temporary mulch for erosion control. Therefore, the additional cost incurred is mostly due to the extensive labor required. The total cost difference for incorporating recycled products in project U-2003AA was an added cost of approximately $107,320.

(Conventional refers

The cost difference is

For

Additional Efforts

The commitment to using recycled products has not been limited to incorporating them into project U-2003AA. During the development stages o f this project, the Value Engineering Section contacted several manufacturers of recycled products to inquire as to the feasibility of producing plastic products for highway applications. recycling efforts were sent standard drawings and specifications o f items which could possibly be fabricated from recycled plastic materials. of these undeveloped products is located in Appendix B. Furthermore, new products which are made of recycled plastic materials and have potential use in highway construction are regularly evaluated by the New Products Evaluation Committee. continuing to identify projects for incorporating crumb rubber into the asphalt mix. There is potential for using large quantities of waste tires for this purpose. According to the Pavement Management Unit the cost of crumb rubber is $350/ton as quoted by one contractor. the asphalt mixture by approximately $lO.OO/ton and utilizes 40 to 60 pounds of crumb rubber per ton of asphalt mixture.

- The Roadside Environmental Unit is proposing to construct a picnic area module entirely from recycled plastic lumber. A rest area adjacent to 1-85 in Alamance County has been tentatively identified as the location for this work. An evaluation of the product's performance in this application will be useful in determining other areas where the use of plastic lumber is appropriate.

Those interested in participating in our

A list

Additionally, the Pavement Management Unit is

This increases the cost of

7

COST COMPARISON: CONVENTIONAL ITEMS VS. RECYCLED ITEMS

CONVENTIONAL: ITEM DESCRIPTION

BITUI”4INOUS CONCRFTE BASE COURSE __.___

TYPE HB

BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BINDER COURSE

TYPE HOB

BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE

TY?E HDS

RECYCLED: UNIT BID($) ITEM DESCRIPTION

RUBBER FILLED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE

20 OMON TYPE HE

RUBBER FILLED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BINDER COURSE

195MON TYPE HDB

RUBBER FILLED GITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE

195MON TYPE HDS

CONCRErE OR BRICK MASONRY RETAINING WALL 300.OMY TIRE RETAINING WALL

BORROW EXCAVATION 3.29/cY SHREDDED TIRES FOR EMBANKMENT FILL

4” TIMBER FENCE POSTS, 7-6’ LONG

5” TIMBER FENCE POSTS, 8 ’4 “ LONG

13 3MA

26 99EA

PLASTIC FENCE POSTS, 7’6’ LONG

PLASTIC FENCE POSTS, 8’4‘ LONG

** SPECIAL FENCE (3 RAlL 8 POST FENCE)

UNIT BlD(SJ

30 OMON

32 OMON

31 OMON

107 77KY

2O.OMY

35 OMA

100 om lS

SEEDING AND MULCHING 98227/ACR * SEED B MULCH (IEPS MOULD-MULCH DURING PMTINGJ 900 OWACR

MU1 CHING AFTER PLANTING 50 om CLEARING 8 GRUBBING VEMP MULCH] 7,094 4MS-ACRE CLEARING 8, GRUBBING (WOOD CHIPS] 80,OOWACR

47.8KY * MULCHING AFTER PLANTING (LEAF MOULD)

ROADWAY DELlNEArORS (7’POSTS 8 REFLECTORS) 21 OMA FLEXIBLE ROADWAY DELINEATORS 4 O W

TYPE 111 BARRICPSES 12 OMF TYPE 111 BARRICADES (PLASTIC SUPPORT MEMBERS ONLY) 15.0MF

TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEADS (THREE SECTION TYPE ) 155.0MA ** REFURBISHED TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEADS 75 OMA

* LEAF MOULD WILL BE SUPPLIED BY THE TOWN OF CARRBORO ’* TO BE SUPPLIED BY N C D 0 T.

- UNIT COST DIFFERENCE PROJECT QUANUN% TOTAL COST DIFFERENCE ($1

t 10 OMON 1,420 TONS + 14,20000

f12.5MON

t 11.5MON

-192.2yCY

$23.29,U

t21.6MA

t 73.0MA

-82.27/ACR

t2.19KY

t 72,905 54ACR

860 TONS t 10.750.00

760 TONS + 8,740.00

890 CY - 171,084.70

t 29,112.50 1,250 CY

45 EA + 97470

P E A t 65709

lS + 6,00000

865 ACR - 7,116 36 5CY t 1095

3 ACR t 218,716 62

-17 O W 128 EA - 2,176 00

t2 .94F 400 LF t 1,176.00

-80 OMA 33 EA - 264000

PAGE 8

Conclusion

Through this pilot project, the Department has responded to the

1.

following items in Senate Bill 111:

Determined feasible usages of recycled and/or recyclable products for highway construction,

2. Selected a demonstration project and

3 .

Additionally, the Department is continuing to examine the potential for The use of recycled plastic and

The performance of these materials on this

Commenced refurbishing of highway products.

products manufactured from waste materials. waste tires has been emphasized. project, and other test projects, should be closely monitored to determine the appropriate place for them in our highway program.

9

APPEND ICES

Appendix A

Project Location Map

1 SKETCtl MAP StiOWING SIIIPPING POINTS IN VICINITY OF 1 STATE PROJECT 8.1500605 I I

. .ir , , ,

Appendix B

Categorized Listing o f Recycled and Waste Products

List 1 - Products Presently Used Which Are Made From

List 2 - Products Presently Made From Recycled Plastic

Recyc 1 ed Materi a1 s

List 3 - Undeveloped Products

List 4 - Possible Uses of Shredded Tires

B- 1

8-3

8-4

B-4

,

B-I

LIST I1

Products Presently Used Which Are Made From Recycled Materials

A . Steel Products - - 100% O f All Steel Products Have A t Least 25% Recycled Steel Compos i tion.

1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

9. 10. 11 . 12. 13. 1 4 . 15 . 16. 1 7 . 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23 . 24 . 25.

a.

30" Perforated CSP Riser 0.79" 30".Perforated CSP Elbow 0.79" CS Pipe Culverts Me t a 1 Fume 1 s Metal Funnel Dra in Pipe Metal Fuiinel D r a i n Elbows Frame-Grate-lloods for drainage structures Frame w/covei- for nianholes Steel Beam Guardrai 1 Guardrail Anchor Units Metal Fence Posts, Cha in L i n k Fence, Barbed Wire Ductile Iron Mater Pipe and F i t t i n g s Ductile I ron Sewer Pipe . Ductile I r o n Force Main Steel Valves, Stops, Tapping Saddles Steel Valve Boxes Ductile I ron Sanitary Sewer Pipe Fit t ings Cast Iron llousing for pavement tiiarkers Posts and llousing f o r delineators Re i n f orc i ng S teel ( C u 1 vert ) Reinforcing S teel (Bridge) IIP 12 x 53 piles S p i r a l Column Reinforcing Steel (Bridge) Prestressing Tendons for Prestressed Girders Reinforcement for Concrete Pipe

B. - Concrete Products - Up t o 20% Fly A s h May Be Substituted for a Portion o f Portland Cementn Most Classes of Concrete

1. 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10. 11 . 12. 13. 14. 15 . 16.

Reinforced Concrete Pipe Reinforced Concrete Pipe Tee Concrete Pad for S u b d r a i n Outlets Concrete Pad for Shoulder Drain Outlet Pipe Collars Pipe Plugs Concrete Apron fo r Drop Inlet 8" x 6" Concrete Curb 1 ' - 6 " Concrete Curb and Glitter 2 ' - 6 " Concrete Curb and Gutter Concrete Flumes Concrete Expressway Gutter 4 " Concrete Paved Ditch 6" Mono1 i tliic Concrete Islands Portland Cement Concrete Manhole Wall Temporary Concrete Median Barriers

1 7 . . . 18.

19. 20. 21. 22. 23 . 24. 25.

C .

1 . 2. 3 . 4 . 5.

0.

1 . 2.

E.

1 .

F .

1 .

Class A Concrete (Cu lve r t ) Reinforced Concrete Deck Slab Class A Concrete (Br idges) Prestressed Concrete Gi rders Concrete B a r r i e r R a i 1 Br idge Approach Slabs 4" Concrete Slope Pro tec t i on Foot ings f o r Signs and L i g h t Standards Concrete Sidewalk

Aluniiriuni - Products - Aluminum Products Can. Conta in frani 0% t o 100% R e c y 3 a m Sheeting f o r Roadway Sigris L i g l i t Standards Overhead Sign Supports I lousing f o r Roadway and Sign L i g h t s 7 r a n s f ornie r Ea se s

*-per Products - Copper Products Conta in Up To 90% Recycled Copper

E 1 ec tr i c a 1 W i r i n g Water Pipe

Glass Products

Glass Beads f o r Pavement Markings

Paper Products

Mulch

E-2

A .

1. 2. 3 . 4 . 5 .

6.

7.

B.

1. 2. 3 . 4 . 5. 6 .

LIST 1 2

Hew Products Present ly Ava i lab le Which Are Made Front Recycled P l a s t i c And Which Can Have App l ica t ions I n This Pro jec t .

Ferice and Sign Posts Ile 1 i nea t o r s P l a s t i c Lumber f o r Reta in ing Walls P l a s t i c Posts and O f f s e t Blocks f o r Guardra i l P l a s t i c U t i l i t y Boxes chambers which cannot w i ths tand an IIS 20 load ing w i t h i n .our r i gh t -o f -way ) . P l a s t i c Drainage Pipe i n the nianufacture o f highway drainage p ipe ) . l lanhole Steps

(Our present p o l i c y p r o h i b i t s the use o f any u t i l i t y

(Current AASIITO p o l i c y p r o h i b i t s the use o f regr inds

New Products Present ly Ava i l ab le Which A r e blade From Recycl-ed P l a s t i c , But Would Not Normally Be Spec i f ied For This P ro jec t .

Landscaping Lumber S t r e e t Fu rn i tu re - Benches, Tables, Trash Receptacles, P lan ters Speed Rrinips Pa rk i fig Bumpers Bo l l a rds f o r T r a f f i c Contro l Ferice R a i l s and P icke ts

LIST # 3

Ilndeve 1 oped Prodric t s W I i i c t i Coil 1 d Be Used On TI1 i s Project

1. 2. 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 .

1 .

2.

Plastic mono1 i thic mediait island i n lieu of concrete. Plastic funnels i n lieu o f metal. Plastic pipe plugs in l ieu o f concrete or brick. Plastic ditch lining i n lieu o f concrete. Plast ic slope protection i n l ieu o f concrete. Plastic temporary median barr ier in l ieu o f concrete.

LIST I4

Possible Uses o f Shredded Tires

Replace aggregate for backwall d r a i n s a t bridge abutiiients. and retaining walls.

Increase capacity of drainage ditches by constructing french d r a i n s along ditch center1 ines with shredded t i r e s as aggregate.

Note: A Department Highway 'Elaintenancc Engineer i n Division 10 has successfully used shredded t i r e s for slope s tab i l iza t ion a t one s i t e in Cabarrus County .

P

Appendix C

Project Special Provisions

Flexible Delineator Posts

Type I11 Barricades

Plastic Fence Posts

Spec i a 1 Fence

Shredded Waste Tires in Embankments

Tire Retaining Wall

Rubber Filled Bituminous Concrete Mixtures

Clearing & Grubbing

Mulch - Leaf Mould Refurbished Traffic Signals

Page

c- 1

c-5

C-6

C-8

c-9

c- 10

C-13

C-14

C-15.

C-17

8 e 1500605

FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POSTS c - I

Description:

The work covered by this provision consists of the erecting of flexible delineator posts with reflectors in accordance with the Plane and this Special Provision.

General :

Flexible delineator posts shall coneist'of post mounted delineator units. capable of clearly reflecting light, under normal atmoepheric condltlons, from a distance of 1,000 feet, when illumlnatcd by the upper beam of standard automobile head lights. Reflective elements of delineators shall have a mlnimum dimension of 3 inches x 3 inches. Delineator reflectors are mounted on suitable posts, so that the top o f the reflecting head is 4 feet above the near roadway edge. The dellneator reflector shall be retlectorized amber, red, or crystal, as shown in the plana. The delineator and supporting post shall comply with the requirements of the

to withstand repeated Impacts by vehicles and atill remain functional.

- current MUTCD. The flexible delineator post is to be designed

Phys i ca 1 Requ i rcmen ts :

Materials:

The flexible delineator poet shall be of a flexible, recycled and/or recyclable material which shall be resistant to impact, ultraviolet light, ozone, hydrocarbons, and shall reeist stiffenlng with age. The post shall not be seriously affected by exhaust fumes, asphalt or road oils, dirt, vegetation, soil, deiclng salts, or any other types of air contamlnation or materials likely to be encountered in its lntended application. The post shall withstand all elements likely to be encountered in its intended applications, including freezing and thawing, rain, snow, hail, abrasion, and physical abuse without serioirs damage. Upon weathering, no part of the poet ehall exhiblt serious discoloration, checking or cracking, peeling or blistering, swelling, shrinklng or distortion, or any other detrimental effects.

flexibility loss as compared to the original conditlon. Weathering shall not cause appreciable strength or - __

The surface of the post shall be smooth and free from lrregularitics OP defects. It shall not sol1 e x c e s s i v e l y , - and i f soiling does occiir, i t shall be easily cleaned uslng detergent and water, or solvent.

8 . I500605

2 c -2 The top of the post shall accept, and hold securely, reflectorized sheeting or prismatic plast'ic typo reflectors. I f one-piece construction is not used, connections between pieces shall be at least as strong a6 I f constructed of a single piece.

Workmanship:

The delineator post shall exhibit good workmanship and shall be free of burrs, discoloration, surface poroslty, contamination, and other objectionable marks or defects which effect appearance or serviceability.

Dimensions:

The delineator p o s t shall have a mlnimum projected width of 3 inches, facing traffic at the reflector, and shall have a minimum width of 2 1 / 4 inches for the remalnder of the post.

The installed top of the delineator reflecting head shall

The post length shall provide for this with adequate ground penetration fo r proper performance. The post shall be straiaht. Straiqht is defined as no point alonu its lenqth any more than 1 / 2 " away from a perfectly straiqht edqe placed lonqitudinallv alonq any side of the post.

'be a height of 48 inches above the near edge of roadway.

Anchorina:

The delineator post shall be designed for a permanent installation to resist overturning, twisting, and displacement from wind and impact forces.

Colorfastness:

The delineator post shall not significantly yellow or discolor wlth age, under a typical highway environment.

Temperature:

The delineator post and reflector materiaAs shall bg tempgrature resistant and stable from -20 F to + 1 2 0 F (-29 C to 4 9 O C ) . The dellneator posts and delineators shall remain fully functional within this temperature range.

Impact Resistance:

The post with delineator must be immediately seff-erectlng and remain serviceable after wlthst8nding 8 serles of 10 vehicle impacts at temperatures of 0 F ( -18 C), or above, at a speed of 35 M P H . The impacts shall be made at an

8.1 S O 0 6 0 5 c -3 3

impact angle of 2S0+ So by a typical American-made sedan.

The same post shall also be capable of withstanding a. ssries of 5 vehicle lmpacts, at an impact angle of 25 5 , at a speed of 55 MPH. The impacting vehicle shall suffer little or no damage during impact. After impacts, the delineator post shall not exhibit excessive fracturlng, cracking, breaking, tearing, shattering, or spllttlng and the delineator shall remain functional. There shall be no serious kinking or creasing a8 a result of the bending. The post shall be designed to prevent snagging the underbody of the impacting vehicle,

--

~

- Wind Resistance:

The post shall not bend, warp, or dis'tort excessively, when stored or installed at temperatures up to +120°F ( 4 9 O C ) , or installed ln wind velocities up to 35 miles par hour, The post shall not deflect, or oscillate

. excessively, I n wind velocities up to 35 miles per hour.

Freezlns:

The post shall not be constructed so as to entrap water which might freeze, becoming hazardous on impact, or damaging the poet.

Reflective Uni t Requirements:

The reflective unit requirements shall meet the requirements of SECTION 1088, Article 1068-1.

The post shall be designed such that reflectors may be lnstalled on both eides of the post, i f required. A significant difference between day and night reflective color shall be grounds for rejectlng the reflectors.

Availability:

A list of some of the manufacturers and suppliers of flexible delineator posts is available upon request from the Division of Hlghways.

Material Certification.:

Material certification shall meet the requirements of SECTION -- 1088, Article 1088-6, (C).

Approval :

A l l materials shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

8.1500605 .

e-4 4

Construction Methods:

Flexible delineator posts with amber reflectors are required on the left side of dlvlded highwaye, one-way ramps, loope, or Other one-way facilitics; crystal reflectors are requlred on flexible delineator posts on the rlght side of divided highways, ramps, loops, and all other one-way or two-way facilitles. -

~

The flexible delineator posts shall be installed according to the manufacturers recommendatlons. Catalog cuts showing the proposed delineator posts (with delineators) and method of installation shall be submitted by -the Contractor for approval by the Engineer. Approval shall be obtained before any delineator posts are lnstalled.

The quantity of delineator units shown in the plan is an estimate. The Engineer will make a determination of the actual quantity of delineators and posts for the project, and provide the information to the Contractor prior to the Contractor's placing an order for them.

Method of Measurement:

The quantity of flexible delineator posts to be paid for will be the actual number of flexible delineator posts which have been satisfactorily installed and accepted by the Engineer.

Basis of Payment:

The quantity of flexible delineator posts, of each color(s), meaeured as provided above in "Method of Measurement", will be paid for at the contract unit price each for "FLEXIBLE DELINEATOR POSTS ( C O L O R ) " . Such price and payment will be full compensation for furnishing and lnstalllng aJl flexfble delineator posts, reflective sheeting or prismatic plastic type reflectors and all other tools, labor, transportation, materials, equjpment and incidentals necessary to complete. the work.

8.1500605

. c-5 -- TYPE 111 BARRICADB

This paragraph to be added to SECTION 1089, Article 1089-2, ( A ) :

Barricade support members shall be of recycled and/or recyclable polyvinyl chloride ( P V C ) pipe, and a minimum of three ._ (3) inches in diameter. Support members shall be joined with, but not glued into, proper size pipe fittings. In additio'n, supports shall be weather proof and resistant to degradation in sunlight.

C - 6

PROJECT SPECIAL PROVISION PLASTIC FENCE POST

1.1 OESCRIPTtON

The work covered by this section consist of furnishing and erecting plastic line and pull post with braces for a 600 foot section of woven wire fence which wlll be constructed from 4- Station 166+50 to Station l72+50 RHS.

2.1 HATERIALS

The material used for fence post and braces shall be recycled plastics. These post shall be coatparable in physical properties to the corresponding sized wood post. Post and braces may be either round o r square, at the o tion o f the Contractor, provided that the same shape is used throughout

deviate more than 1 inch at any point from a straight. edge held longitudinally against the piece.

Round line posts - 3 inch minimum diameter (actual) Square line posts - 3.5 x 3.5 inches (nominal)

Round corner and pull posts and braces - 4.5 inch minimum diameter (actual) Square corner and pull posts - 4.5 x 4.5 inch/nominal.

For rec cled plastic posts, the manufacture shall certify that such post

manufacturer shall provide certified mill analysis and/or proof for the

a. The percent of recycled plastics in the posts are from either consumer waste stream and/or (2) the industrial waste stream w th the percent from each stream listed.

The recycled plastic posts shall be durable and useful for a minimum of 35 years, and shall contain no more than twenty percent (20%) voids, shall show no cracking, chipping, flaking, peeling, or splintering, and shall be resistant to soil organisms and resistant to all insect attacks, but especially attacks by fire ants and termites. As defined here, resistance refers to a maximum post weight loss o f no more than one percent (1.0%) over the life of the post.

The recycled plastic posts, when located in fresh, brackish salt and/or sea water or other marine-type environment, shall demonstrate a maximum water uptake not to exceed five percent (5.0%) by weight over the lifetime of the post. manufacturer shall provide proof that no more than five percent (5.0%) reduction i n staple pull-out force has occurred compared to the same force during post installation as a result o f the water uptake.

No chemical additives or preservatives shall be a part of the post composition.

t R e project for both the post and the braces. The post or braces shall not

meet a1 7 state specification with no exceptions. In addition, the

following:

I" the b.

- Should the post absorb water, the .

~

-

Approved chemicals designed to i.nhibi t photodegradation

c -7 2

o r b io log ica l decomposition shall be permitted, however, t o enhance durabi 1 i ty.

3.1 CONSTRUCTION HETIIODS

The Contractor shall i n s t a l l the post as stated i n Subart 'Setting Post and Braces* i n the Standard Specifications.

4.1 HETHOO OF HEASUREHENl

The quant i ty o f p las t i c posts t o he paid for shal l be the each o f the sizes o f posts actual ly i ns ta l l ed on the pro3

5.1 BASIS OF PAYMENT

c l e 866-3(8)

t o t a l number o f c t .

The quant i ty o f post, measured as provided i n Section'4.l above, w i l l be pa id f o r a t the contract u n i t pr ices each o f " fence post, 1 ong . 0

inch p l a s t i c

C - 8

- S P E C I .4L FENCE

Vcrk covered bv this provision consists of all the labor. equipment. and materials. except for post and boards. needed to build a special - fence as shown on the plans and details, as specified herein. or as directed bv the Engineer. The post and boards required will be made of recvcled plastic and will be supplied to the Contractor at no cost bv others.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The special fence will be paid for as a lump sum when the fence has been completed according to the plans. Details and soecification and accepted by the Engineer. Pavment to be made under:

Special Fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lump Sum

.I

c-9 SHREDDED WASTE TIRES IN EMBANKMENTS:

1.1 DESCRIPTION

The work covered by this section consist of placing shredded waste tires within embankments at locations between approximate locations 158tOO to 163+00 and right between Stations 165tOO to 168400. provide the material from a supplier and all transportation as well as permits for transportation and storage before placement.

The Engineer reserves the ri ht to delete all or any portion o f this item

The Contractor shall

of work and the rovisions o s Articles 104-6 and 109-6 of the Standard Specifications s rl all not be applicable to this work. 2.1 MATERIAL

The material shall be from waste tires which shall be shredded into one inch to three inch size strips. The Contractor shall be res onsible for securing all necessary permits

material from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Sol id Waste Section.

3.1 CONSTRUCTION METHOOS

Shredded tires shall not be placed within three (3) feet o f the outside limits of embankments, within four (4) feet of subgrade, or below the water level of the surrounding area.

Embankments shall be constructed by placing a1 ternate layers of shredded tires and soil and mixing and blending together durin compaction.

thickness o f uncompacted layers of shredded tires and soil shall be as directed by the Engineer.

which may be required for t E e transport and storage of shredded tire

The embankment shall be manipulated sufficiently to minim 3 re voids. The

At locations, as stated in Section 1.1 above, where shredded tires are to be incorporated into embankment, shredded tires shall constitute between ten percent (10%) and forty percent (40%) by volume of that portion o f the embankment. An average of twenty-five ercent (25%) shall be a goal. The

The compaction shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

3.1 MET1100 OF MEASUREMENT

The quantity of shredded tires to be paid for will be the actual number of cubic yards of approved material, measured in trucks, which has been delivered and incorporated into the completed and accepted work. truck will be measured by the Engineer and shall bear a legible identification mark indicating its capacity. Each truck shall be loaded to at least its measured capacity at the time it arrives at the point o f delivery.

4.1 BASIS OF PAYMENT

.

actual percentage shall be as directed 1 y the Engineer.

Each

The quantity of shredded tire material, measured as provided in Section 3.1 above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard for "Shredded Tire Haterial".

Payment for the shredded tires for embankment.shal1 be full compensation for furnishing, placing, manipulating the soil and shredded tires to .minimize voids, and compacting the material.

Payment will be made under:

Shredded Tire Material.. . . . . . . . . . . . *. ........... Cubic Yard

TIRE RETAINING WALL:

1.0 D e s c r i p t i o n c - IO

This work s h a l l cons i s t o f f u r n i s h i n g t h e m a t e r i a l s and c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e t i r e r e t a i n i n g w a l l i n reasonably c lose con fo rm i t y with t h e l i nes , grades, cross-sections, dimensions and d e t a i l s shown on t h e p lans or es tab l i shed by t h e Engineer.

2.0 M a t e r i a l s

The Cont rac tor s h a l l be res o n s i b l e f o r o b t a i n i n g t h e 42" scrap t r u c k t i r e s and t r a n s p o r t i n g them t o t R e s i t e . These t i r e s s h a l l be i n reasonably good cond i t ion , f r e e o f hazardous waste m a t e r i a l with a r i g i d carcass such t h a t they w i l l r e t a i n t h e i r o r i g i n a l manufactured shape when stacked. Preference should be i ven t o o b t a i n i n g t i r e s from Orange County. approx {ma t e 1 y 1500.

pe rm i t s which may be requ i red f o r t he t ranspor t and s torage o f shredded t i r e m a t e r i a l f rom t h e Nor th Caro l ina Department o f Environment, Hea l th and Natura l Resources, Sol i d Waste Section.

S tee l t i r e c l i p s s h a l l be o f c o l d - r o l l e d s t e e l o f h a l f - i n c h diameter. A l l measurements, except bend rad ius, a re t o cen te r o f bar. i s i n s i d e diameter. C l i p s s h a l l be galvanized t o t h e requirements o f ASTM

I t i s est imated t h a t t il e number o f t i r e s r e q u i r e d w i l l be

The Con t rac to r s h a l l be respons ib le for secur ing a l l necessary

Bend rad ius

A- 123.

3.0 Cons t ruc t i on Methods

A. Re ta in ing Wall Excavation:

The work covered by t h i s p r o v l s i o n c o n s i s t s o f the excavat ion o f any m a t e r i a l t h a t i s necessary f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l i r e Wall i n accordance with t h e lans and t h i s p r o v i s i o n o r a s d i r e c t e d by t h e

removal o f a l l necessary bracing, shoring, shee t in and c r i b b i n g and a l l pum ing, b a t l i n , and dra in ing . The work shal 9 a l s o i n c l u d e t h e

t h e d isposa l o f surp lus o r unsu i tab le excavated m a t e r i a l as pe rm i t ted by the Engineer.

a l l necessary c l e a r i n g and rubb ing a t t he s i t e s h a l l have been

S p e c i f i c a t i o n s . excavat ion i n accordance with t h e l i m i t s es tab l i shed by t h e d e t a i l s o f t h e plans.

A l l t imber, stumps, and d e b r i s s h a l l be disposed o f by t h e Cont rac tor i n accordance with these spec ia l p rov i s ions and A r t i c l e 200-5.

Engineer. Excavation s R a l l i nc lude t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n and subsequent

random E a c k f i l l i n g 9 n accordance w i th t h e d e t a i l s i n t h e p lans and

performed i n accordance w i t it A r t i c l e s 200-3 and 200-4 o f t h e Standard

P r i o r t o s t a r t i n g excavat ion operat ions a t t h e t i r e w a l l s i t e ,

The Cont rac tor s h a l l c l e a r and grub t h e area f o r t he

The Cont rac tor s h a l l n o t i f y t he Engineer a s u f f i c i e n t t ime be fo re beginning the excavat ion so that measurements may be taken o f t h e und is tu rbed ground.

Where necessary f o r sa fe ty , t h e excavat ion s h a l l be shored or. braced i n accordance w i th l o c a l and s t a t e s a f e t y standards. Excavat ion and r e l a t e d work s h a l l be performed i n such sequence t h a t no p o r t i o n o f the t i r e w a l l w i l l be endangered by subsequent nnpratinnc,

c - l I

8.1500605 (U-2003AA) 2

Where excavation for the tire wall is adjacent to a traveled way, the method of shoring, sheeting, or bracing the excavation opening shall have been reviewed by the Engineer before beginning the excavation. The Contractor shall submit 5 copies of drawings showing details of his proposed method of excavation protection. provisions of Sub-Article 410-5 0) of the Standard Specifications

The

will be applicable to such draw I ngs. After the excavation has been performed, the Contractor shall

notify the Engineer. approved the depth of the excavation and the character o f the foundation material, and has given permission to proceed.

All sheeting and bracing shall be removed as the random backfilling progresses.

All material f o r random backfill shall be approved by the Engineer and shall be free from large or frozen lumps, wood o r other undesirable material. All backfill shall be compacted in accordance - with Sub-Article 235-4(C).

8. Foundation Preparation:

Prior to wall construction, the foundation for the tire wall shB11 be graded level to .the full depth o f the wall and shall be compacted to a minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO T-99 or as directed by the Engineer.

No tires shall be placed until the Engineer has '

*

C. Erection:

Class 11 Select Backfill meeting the requirements of Section 1016-2 of the Standard Specifications shall be used to backfill within the volume of the tire wall. Compaction shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer. if it will not damage foundation material, will not develop hydrostatic pressure on the tire unit, and if backfill material is free draining. backfilling to facilitate adequate compaction. that the 36" CMP at the base of the wall be extended, that shall be paid for separately. At the discretion of and with the a proval of

select backfill, s $: ould adequate compaction be very dlfflcult to achieve. Random backfill behind the wall will be considered as roadway embankment and shall be paid for separately as such.

Ponding and jetting may be permitted

Sidewalls o f tires should be spread during I f it i s required

the Engineer, low ield concrete may be substituted for t rl e Class I 1

4 .O Ins t rumenta t i on

The wall shall be Instrumented such that face movements can be monitored. Instrumentation shall be survey monumentation such that horizontal and vertical deflections can be determined. This work shall be performed by NCDOT personnel. Points shall be established such that at the greatest wall height, readings can be taken at the bottom, middle, and top of the wall, and at. least 100' intervals (at top of wall only) for the length of the wall.

c-12

8.1500605 (U-2003AA) 3

Readings sha l l be made monthly f o r the f i r s t s i x months a f t e r beginning the wal l and every s i x months thereaf ter f o r the l i f e o f the pro ject . W. R. Brown, Head o f Design Services.

Readings sha l l be forwarded soon a f t e r they are made t o

5.0 Method o f Measurement:

The quant i ty o f w a l l t o be paid f o r w i l l be the number o f square feet o f w a l l which has been completed and accepted. Measurement w i l l be made along the face o f the wal l .

Bas 1 s o f Payment :

paid f o r a t the contract u n i t p r i ce e r square foo t "T i re Retaining

covered by t h i s prov is ion inc lud in but not l i m i t e d t o re ta in ing wal l

furn ish ing and compacting select b a c k f i l l , and labor, equipment and other mater ia ls (excluding 36" CMP) required t o s a t i s f a c t o r i l y complete the t i r e w a l l .

The quant i ty o f w a l l , measured as provided f o r above, w i l l be

Wall ." Such p r i ce and payment w i l l 1 e f u l l compensation f o r a l l work

excavation, furnishing and i n s t a l l 3 ng t i r e s and t i r e c l ips ,

C -13 RUBBER FILLED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXTURES:

Rubber fi 1 led bituminous concrete mixtures shall be produced in accordance with dppl icable provisions of Division 600 of the Standard Specifications and the following provisions.

Two percent by weight (40 pounds per ton) of finely meshed rubber particles produced by ambient grinding of waste passen er and truck tires

and fabric with a maximum moisture content of two percent. tire rubber shall be 100 percent passing the No. 10 sieve. shall be delivered to the plant sfte in 40 pound polyethylene sacks having a melting oint of less than 240 degrees F. be thorou ly and uniformly mixed into the mixture prior to discharge from

The Contractor shall submit a 10 pound sample of the ground tire rubber proposed for use to the Department's Materials and Tests Laboratory at least 3 weeks prior to beginning production of the mixtures. Contractor will also advise the Department of the standard mix design to which he plans to add the rubber.

Method of Measurement - The quantity of base, binder, or surface course.to be paid for will be-the actual number of tons of each type mix (including the ground rubber) which has been incorporated into the completed and accepted work.

shall be added to the mix. The ground tire rubber sha s l ~ b e free of wire The ground The rubber

The ground tire rubber shall

the aspha qA t plant. The

Basis of Payment - The quantlt of base, binder o r surface course, measured as noted above, wi 1 1 r; e paid for at the appropriate contract .unit prices per ton for the respective mixtures.

Furnishing asphalt cement for the mix will be paid for as provided in Article 620-5 for "Asphalt Cement for Plant Mix".

Furnishing asphalt laboratory facilities will be paid for as provided in Article 615-3 for "Field Laboratory Rental, Bituminous Plant Mix".

Furnishing non-strip additive will be paid for as provided in Article 622-5 for "Non-S t r i p Add 1 t i ve" e

The above prices and payments will be full compensation f o r all work covered by this provision, including but not limited to producing, weighing, transporting, placing, and compacting the plant mix as specified in Section 610; furnishing the ground tire rubber; furnishing the asphalt cement and all other materials for the plant mix; furnishing and applying tack coat as specified in Section 605; furnishing scales; maintaining the course until final acceptance of the project; and making any repairs or corrections to the base that may become necessary due to the Contractor's negligence.

Payment will be made under:

Rubber Fi 1 led Bituminous Concrete Base Course, Type HE.. . e . e .Ton

Rubber Fil led Bituminous Concrete Binder Course, Type HDB.. . . . . . . . . . .Ton rubber Fi 1 led Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Type HDS.. . . . . . . . .Ton

C -14

8.1500605 (U-2003AA)

CLEARING AND GRUBBING:

Clearin! on this project shall be performed to the limits established by Method 11" shown on Standard No. 200.02A of the Roadway Standards. A49

As a part of the work of clearing and grubbing the Contractor will be required to perform the following:

In addition to. the requirements of Article 200-3, disposition of timber, stumps and debris of the 1990 Standard Specification for Roads and Structures the following shall apply.

Any timber, excludin roots and stumps, less than four inches (4") in diameter shall be ch p ed to a size of no more than one inch (1").

control (see Project Special Provisions for Erosion Control) and up to eighty (80) cubic yards shall be delivered to the Town of Carrboro's Department of Public Works at their depot on Smith Level

The chipped material 3g s all be used as temporary mulch for erosion

Road (near the east end o f this project). only what can be used on the project or given to Carrboro.

After all the above requirements have been met the remaining timber, stumps, and debris shall be disposed of as specified in Article 200-5.

The Contractor should chip

This work will be considered as incidental to the work o f clearing and grubbing.

C -15

8 . 1 5 0 0 6 0 5 PROJECT S P E C I A L PROVISIONS PLANTING

ORANGE COUNTY *

PLANTING : .-

SEASONAL LIMITATIONS: TIIFI I N I T I A L PLANTING AND REPLACEMENT OF PLANTS SlIALL BE DONE FROM OCTOBER 15 TIIRU MARCH 31.

MULCII FOR PLANTING: MULCII FOR PLANTING SHALL C O N S I S T OF COMPOSTED LEAVES. TfIE TOWN O F CARRBORO WILL MAKE AVAILABLE

MUNICIPAL LEAF-PICKUP STORAGE S I T E . THE CONTRACTOR SHALL USE SUITABLE MATERIAL FROM THIS SOURCE FOR MULCH FOR PLANTING APPROVAL O F THE QUALITY OFaTl lE MATERIAL BY THE ENGINEER WILL S T I L L BE REQUIRED.

REFORESTAT ION :

TO TlIE CONTRACTOR, AT NO CIIARGE, COMPOSTED LEAVES AT T H E I R

SEASONAL L I M I T A T I O N S : SEEDLINGS SIIALL BE PLANTED FROM NOVEMBER 1 5 THRU MARCH 15,

SEEDLINGS SIIALL BE PLANTED AS SOON A S PRnCTICAL FOLLOWING PERMANENT SEEDING AND MULCHING.

ROOT D I P : TIlE ROOTS O F REFORESTATION SEEDLINGS SHALL BE COATED WITII A SLURRY OF WATER, A N D EITIIER A F I N E CLAY ( 'KAOLIN") OR A SUPERABSORBENT TIIAT IS MADE TO BE USED A S A BARE ROOT DIP.

O F APPLICATION SHALL BE.SUBMITTED TO THE ENGINEER FOR APPROVAL. TtIE T Y P E , MIXTURE RATIO, METflOD OF A P P L I C A T I O N , AND THE TIME

WITH THE APPROVAL OF TIIE ENGINEER SEEDLINGS NAY BE COATED BEFORE DELIVERLY TO THE J O B OR AT TIIE T I M E O F PLANTING, BUT AT NO T I M E SIIALL TRE ROOTS O F THE SEEDLING BE ALLOWED TO DRY OUT. THE ROOTS SIIALL BE MOISTENED IMMEDfALELY PRIOR TO PLANTING.

WILDFLOWER SEEDING

TIlE WORK COVERED BY WILDFLOWER SEEDING C O N S I S T S O F SEEDING A N D MULCIlING WILDFLOWER S E E D WIT11 A "NURSE CROP" I N , A R E A S DESIGNATED BY TI1E ENGINEER. WILDFLOWER SEEDING SHALL BE DONE I N ACCORDANCE WIT11 ALL APPLICABLE P R O V I S I O N S OF SECTION 8 8 0 O F THE STANDARD S P E C I F I C A T I O N S AND TBE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS.

Tl lE S E k D MIXTURE WILL B E THE SAME A S STATED I N THE S P E C I A L

ADDED. TIIE WILDFLOWER SEED TO BE USED ON THIS PROJECT WILL BE AS FOLLOWS:

P R O V I S I O N S UNDER SEEDING AND MULCIIING, WITH WILDFLOWER SEED

CIIRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTilEMUM, OX-EY E D A I S Y RATE: 2 LB/ACRE PURITY: M I N I M U M OF 8 5 % GERMINATION: M I N I M U M OF 6 5 % .

...

8 . 1 5 0 0 6 0 5

2 COREOPSIS LANCEOLATA, LANCE LEAF COREOPSIS RATE: 3 LB/ACRE PURITY: M I N I M U M O F 85% GERMINATION: M I N I M U M O F 750

RUDBECKIA I I IRTA, BLACK-EYED S U S A N RATE: 0 . 5 LB/ACRE PURITY: M I N I M U M OF 85% GERMINATION: M I N I M U M OF 65%

C-16 .

TIIE WILDFLOWER SEED SIlOULD BE A P P L I E D WITH A 1iAND SEEDER. TI1E RATES AND GRADES O F FERTILIZER A N D LIMESTONE SIlALL BE THE SAME AS S P E C I F I E D FOR PERMANENT SEEDING A N D IWLCHING I N THE S P E C I A L PROVISIONS.

THE QUANTITY 0F.WILDFLOWER SEED USED WILL BE P A I D FOR AT THE CONTRACT U N I T PRICE PER ACRE FOR "WILDFLOWER SEEDING".

THE WORK REQUIRED BY SECTION 8 8 0 , WILL BE P A I D FOR AT THE UNIT P R I C E PER ACRE FOR "SEEDING AND MULCHING".

TIIE ABOVE P R I C E S AND PAYMENTS WILL BE FULL COMPENSATION FOR ALL WORK PERFORMED ON WILDFLOWER SEEDING AREAS I N ACCORDANCE WITH ALL ITEMS OUTLINED I N SECTION 880-9D O F THE STANDARD S P E C I F I C A T I O N S EXCEPT MOWING.

PAYMENTS WILL BE MADE UNDER:

WILDFLOWER SEEDfNG.................ACR SEEDING AND MULCIIING.. ............ .ACR

REPURBISRED TRAFFIC SIGNAL NRADS C -17 - I. DESCRIPTION:

The Contractor shall install and make fully operational traffic signal heads and remove oxilstttig traffic signal heads.

This work shall be done in accordance with the North Carolina Department of Tranaportation's "Standard Specifications for Roads . and Structures" dated January 1 , 1990: applicable portions of the North Carolina Department of Transportation's "Traffic Signal Specifications" dated March 1, 1980: and this Project Special Provisions.

- I f . UATERIAL:

The Contractor shall install refnrbished traffic signal heads. The State wtll frrrnish refurbisli~rl trrrff tc s i g n a l heads comprised of 1 2 sections, vlsots, lcnses, wire wittance fitting brackets, lamps, ba lance ad jus ters and spanw 1 rp hangers.

111. CONSTRUCTION METHOD:

A . Mew Installation:

The Contractor shall install the refurbished signal heads as required on the plans and Special Provisions of this project.

B. Revised Locatlong:

The existing equipment located at the intersection of SR 1005 and ?IC 54 (Ramps A & B) (07-1034) and tlie intcrsectiolr of NC 54 at SR 1010 (Main st.) ( 0 7 - 1 0 2 5 ) shall be maintained and repajred by the

Contractor as specified in "INSTALLATION OF SIGNALS -COHSTRUCTIOH . "IHODS-GENERAL" and remain in operation until the proposed equipment is installed and pat into operation. The new gignal heads eliall be bagged until they are turned on. A s soon as the new cqtiipment is put into operation, the existing signal heads shall be tmqgctl a r i r l t*r)nloved by thP C o i ~ b r ' a c t n r * . The existing equipment is to t v taken oiit of service atid the n e w equipment put into operation clnly at tltose tlmes directed i i i the Traffic Control Plans.

C. Slgnal Clearance:

Tfie minimum clearance from the roadway to the bbttom of the signal l i cads shall conform to the tt-q:u!rr?ments of the Traffic Signal Specifications or as prescrlhd by the Engineer.

IV. METHOD OF )tEASURlD¶MT:

The quantity of traffic signal hqads to be paid for will be the actual number per each of traffic signal heads installed and accepted.

V. BASIS OF PAYWelOT:

The quantity of signal heads, measured as provided above, shall be paid fot at the contract unit prlce per each as "Traffic Signal !?eat1 Instal lat3on".

The above unit price and payment will be full compensation for a l l work covered by this proviaion lricluding but not limited to removing existing signal heads, installing refurbished signal heads, traffic signal lamps, field assembly, a11 traffic control, material, labor, tools, and other incidental items necessary to eomplete the installation.

Payment w f l l be made under:

Traffic Slgnal Head Installation .:..........................*. Each

Appendix D

Recommendations from Division of Environmental Management

State of North Carolina Department af Environment, Health, and Natural Resources

Division of Environmental Management 512 North Salisbury Street RaJeigh, North Carolina 27611

jamesC.Martln.Covwnor WllHam W. Cobey, Jr., Seaetay l ? n u a i - y 18, I991

S i.evc! Mi+ t i j. 11 a value Engineer, I)esign Services Unit Division of Highways Department of Transportation P.O. Box 2 5 2 0 1 Raleigh, NC 7 7 6 1 1

CRoge T. Everett. Ph.D. Director

Dcar t4r . Mani ].la : Division of Environmental Management Water Quality staff

wemhers have studied the issues raised in your September 20, 1990 letter regarding proposed statewide usage of waste tires in highway construction. A copy of the results of this study is dt:tached for your information.

DEM has some concerns regarding the potential environmental impact of thc use of waste tires in applications such as ieplacerncnt of stone backfill in drainage systems where the duration of exposure to water would be qreater than in some other applications. However, the potential impact of the use of waste tires i n road surface materials appears to be no greater than the currcnt impact of automotivc use of tires. DEM recognizes the bcnef i t s of reducing 1 c ” f ill space needed for t i r e disposal. Thcreforc, I ain approving thc study of the uses of waste tires you outlined in your Septembcr 20 letter and request that YOU follow thc monitoring siiggcstions outlined in the attached memo. P l e a s e keep DEM informed of monitoring plans and results so that w e may rcvisit this issue before it is considered for use as a standard practice.

rdudon rap

A n f 4 q u a l ~ ~ A m m u t ) v e A c ~ E m p l o y c r

P.O. Box 27687, w h . North Cardlna 27611-7687 Tekphaw 919-733-7015

Steve Manilla January 18, 1991 Page Two

Thank you for keeping DEM informed as to the status of proposals of this nature. to this particular matter, please contact Steve Tedder, Chief, Water Quality Section at 733-5083.

If you have any questions with regard

Sincefkly,

Ge'orge a Everett GTE: JS/lj Manilla.ltr/Storm D - 1

Attachment

cc: Edythe McKinney Steve Tedder Perry Nelson Charles Gardener

MEMO TO:

FROM :

SUBJECT:

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

January 18, 1991

Steve Tedder

Julia Stormv’

Request from DOT for DEM approval of statewide usage of waste tires in highway construction and maintenance

Introduction

The September 20, 1990 letter from Steve Manilla, DOT to George Everett requesting DEM approval of waste tire usage on a statewide basis is attached. Briefly, the four applications of proposed waste tire usage described in the letter are: 1) retaining walls - whole tires 2) 3 )

4 ) drainage channel liner - whole tires The information gathered and examined is discussed below. A response from George has been drafted and is attached for your review.

roadway embankments - shredded tire/soil mixture roadway subsurface drainage system - shredded tires (to facilitate removal of water from shallow medians)

(to prevent erosion of channel side slopes).

Conclusions and Recommendations

For some applications, based on the Minnesota study and related research articles, potential environmental impact appears to be no greater than that from already existing highway runoff.

In applications where tires or tire-based products are used instead of asphalt there appears to be little difference in the potential environmental impact.

In applications where tires or tire-based products are used instead of stone aggregate, soil, or wood, the potential for increased environmental impact seems likely.

It is difficult at this time to assess the risk to the environment from utilizing tires in these applications versus the benefit of reducing landfill space required for their disposal.

Monitoring i impacts, par backfill in

.s suggested to determine the water quality ,titularly in the use of shredded tires as drainage systems (where the material would have

greater exposure to water than in other applications). Groundwater, soil, and (if applicable) surface water or stream Sediment monitoring should be conducted at sites using traditional materials (stone) and those using shredded tires

for comparison. Sevcral sites representative of differcnt soil conditions across ttic state wherc shreddcd tire use is being studied by DOT shonld be selected. At each rcprcsentative site, a comparable area in which traditional materials are being uscd should be monitored. At each representative site, two or three areas where shredded tires are being used should bc chosen for monitoring. For groundwater monitoring, a 2 1/2 inch diameter pipe (screened at the bottom) should be (vertically) placed adjacent to the drainage area to a depth sufficient to allow collection of groundwater during all seasons. (Bailers are available to collect watcr samples from this size pipe.) Samples should be taken initially (immediately upon completion of construction) and on a quarterly basis thereafter for one year. Soil samples should be taken in the same areas. Soil samples should be taken at a dcpth one to three feet below the fill material. Sampling should be conducted initially and at the end of one year. The need for stream and/or sediment sampling may be determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on the likelyhood of direct runoff from a shredded tire use area to a stream. Monitoring of the following metals and organics is recommended:

metals orqanics arsenic total petroleum hydrocarbons cadmium carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons chromium non-carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic iron hydrocarbons lead * benzthiazole zinc * 2-(4-morpholinyl)-benzthiazole barium

* It 'should first be determined if these compounds leach from the particular waste tire material used before monitoring for them routinely.

Discussion

cbntac t s

S t e v e Manilla was contacted for more information, which he provided both over the phone and through written material. indicated that California, Minnesota, and Louisiana have used waste tires in highway applications. He provided a copy of a study conducted by the state of Minnesota, discussed in the literature review section of this memo. He disagreed with the conclusion of the Minnesota report (that the use of shredded tires not be used in areas of drainage) because he thinks the conditions upon which the conclusion is based (low pH) are not likely to occur. I think this is not necessarily the case, since some soils in eastern North Carolina counties may have a p H as low as 3.5. With regard to the Orange County project referred to in Steve Manilla's letter of September 20, 1990 (retaining walls using stacked tires, shredded tires in roadway embankment) DOT is proposing groundwater and soil monitoring in the area of the embankment to detect any leaching. Manilla indicates that the use of shredded tires as roadway embankment fill has not been tried elsewhere.

He

David Williams of Pollution Prevention Pays (PPP) provided information on waste tire usage; the PPP office advocates the use of waste tires but has not investigated any potential environmental impact. He also provided a copy of the Minnesota study . The state of California has used waste tires in the drainage channel application ( # 4 above). The Laboratory Research and Enviro-Chemical Services Branch of the California Office of Transportation was contacted for any information on environmental monitoring of this application. No monitoring of water quality has been conducted; evaluations as to the performance of the application have been conducted. In terms of benefits to the environment, successful bank stabilization, of course, prevents erosion. e

The Groundwater Section of DEM provided comments on groundwater monitoring. The only concern expressed was that if steel-belted tires were shredded the leaching of iron might result.

Literature Review

A literature search was conducted using Dialog. The Minnesota study (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 1990) was the only directly applicable literature idgntified in this search. The results of this study and several articles containing related information are discussed here.

Minnesota Study - Background The Minneso,ta study consistcd of laboratory leach studies of tire and asphalt materials and field studies at two sites where whole

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and shredded tires were used in roadway subgrade and at one tire stockpile site. Laboratory leach tests of "new" and "old" shredded tire composites and asphalt were conducted at pH 3 . 5 , p H 5.0, approximately neutral pH and 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and pH 8.0. Field studies included analyses of soil and groundwater at tire area sites and background sites. The authors of the Minnesota study recommend that the use of shredded waste tires in roadway subgrade construction be limited to the unsaturated zone and that the roadway be designed to limit infiltration of water through the waste tire subgrade.

Review of Minnesota and Related Studies

Based on the Minnesota study laboratory leach tests there seems to be some difference between the leaching of compounds from asphalt and from tires. Table 1 contains a comparison of compounds that leach from each material. Metals that leach more readily from tires than from asphalt were observed in field site groundwater samples. None of the leachate concentrations determined in the Minnesota study leach tests exceeded EP toxicity criteria ( p H 4 leach test) or TCLP criteria (neutral leach test) for determining classification as a hazardous waste,

Table 1. Comparison of asphalt and tires in leach tests (Minnesota study)

asphalt > tires tires > asphalt

A 1 As (detected @ p H 5.0 only) (1 tire sample) Ba Cd (detected @ pH 3.5 & 5.0 only) Ca Cr (detected @ pH 3.5 only)

Pb (detected @ pH 3.5 only) Zn

Mg S Se ( @ p H 3.5 only) carcinogenic PAHs Sn total petroleum hydrocarbons non-carcinogenic PARS

[Note: Ag and Hg were not detected in either material.]

At field sites investigated as a part of the Minnesota study, soil levels of compounds of interest (cadmium, zinc, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) that leach from tires are similar to those found in studies of highway runoff (soil or sediments) (Lagerwerff and Specht, 1970; Spies et al, 1987; Mudre and Ney, 1986). At the Minnesota field study site (Floodwood Rd.) where shredded tires were used as subgrade material, groundwater levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, barium, and iromexceed both NC groundwater standards and surface water standards, while levels of zinc exceed only the surface water action level. Groundwater samples taken from background sites did not exceed these levels except in the case of iron. (See Table 2 . ) Minnesota background and field site (shredded tires) groundwater concentratifns of PAHs (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) are comparable. Samples of surface soils taken at tire stockpile

--------------- ...........................................

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areas have generally higher lcvels of iron, lead, and zinc than other s o i l samplc sites; total pctrolcum hydrocarbons were observed at ppm levels at stock pile sites (at higher levels than field sites).

Table 2. Minnesota Study -- Comparison between North Carolina standards and field site (Floodwood Rdl groundwater samples** in tire area

Metal Field Surface water quality Groundwater standard value standard ug/ 1 ug/ 1 ug/l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cadmium 32 2 5 chromium 350 50 50

50 5000

lead 230 25 zinc 87 0 50 (AL) barium 1930 1000 (WS)' 1000 iron 298000 1000 (AL) 300 * AL: action level WS: water supply only * standard based on aesthetics * * Sample taken 3 feet from tire area; groundwater filled 19

foot deep-borehole to a depth 8 feet below road surface.

A study by Spies, et a1 (1987) determined that two compounds, benzthiazole and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-benzthiazole, can be used to differentiate the sources of aromatic compounds in sediments. Since these compounds result from the weathering of a commercially used anti-oxidant in rubber manufacture and occur in street runoff and in sediments in San Francisco Bay, the authors propose that they be used as indicators of the contribution of street runoff to the contaminants in sediments. Helpful recommendations for using stream sediment analyses for assessing highway-generated metals contamination are included in a study by Mudre and Ney (1986).

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References

Lagerwerff, J.V. and A.W. Spccht. 1970. Contamination of Roadside Soil and Vegetation with Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc. Environmental Science and Technology 4:583-586.

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1990. Waste Tires in Sub-grade Road Beds, A Report on the Environmental Study of the Use of Shredded Waste Tires for Roadway Sub-grade Support. February 19, 1990.

Mudre, J.M. and J.J. Ney. 1986. Patterns of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Roadside Streams. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15:489-493.

Spies, R.B., B.D. Andresen, and D.W. Rice, Jr. 1987. Benzthiazoles in estuarine sediments as indicators of street runoff. Nature 327:697-699.

cc: Alan Klimek Ken Eagleson Trevor Clements Dennis Ramsey

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