RECONSTRUCTION

PLANTATION OWNERS LOST THEIR LABOR SOURCE AND MUCH OF THEIR WEALTH.

THEY HIRED THEIR FORMER SLAVES AS SHARECROPPERS

SMALL FARMERS LOST THEIR LAND, HAD TO COMPETE WITH THE FREEDMEN FOR JOBS. MANY HAD TO BECOME SHARECROPPERS

MANY RESENTED THEIR LOSS OF STATUS AND THE RISE IN STATUS OF THE FREEDMEN

FREEDMEN (FREED SLAVES) GAINED FREEDOM

MANY WORKED FOR THEIR FORMER OWNERS AS SHARECROPPERS

THEY SUFFERED VIOLENCE FROM GROUPS LIKE THE KKK

•The period after the Civil War when Southern society had to be rebuilt

Presidential Reconstruction

1865 - 1867

Congressional (Radical Republican) Reconstruction

1867-1876

PURPOSE: restore the Southern states to the Union EASILY

REQUIREMENTS:

1.only 10% of population take oath of allegiance to the US

2. Agree to 13th Amendment (no slavery)

RESULTS:

1865 SC Constitution: only whites could vote (FORMER CONFEDERATES WERE ELECTED TO CONGRESS)

BLACK CODE laws were passed to control the lives of the freedmen

PURPOSE: protect the freedmen, guarantee REPUBLICAN control, PUNISH the South

REQUIREMENTS:

Any Southerner involved in the war could not vote or hold office UNTIL THE STATE WROTE A NEW CONSTITUTION

Agree to the 14th Amendment (US citizenship for blacks)

RESULTS:

1868 SC Constitution: ALL MEN COULD VOTE, women gained property rights, compulsory education

SC WAS PLACED UNDER MILITARY RULE

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU - a government agency sent South to help blacks and whites after the war. They provided food, shelter, medical aid and helped people find jobs. THEIR GREATEST SUCCESS WAS EDUCATION…THEY SET UP 3,000 SCHOOLS/COLLEGES FOR BLACKSINCLUDING ALLEN, BENEDICT AND CLAFLIN UNIVERSITIES

KKK

“Young men who were in the Confederate army joined a secret militaryOrganization…The object and intent of that….organization is to prevent large Masses of the people from enjoying a right which has been guaranteed themBy the Constitution….they work in disguise and their instruments are terror andCrime…they terrified men, women, and children, white and black…They are Secret, oath-bound, they murder, rob, plunder whip and scourge…they commit these crimes…upon the poor, upon feeble men and women who are utterlyDefenseless…”

A white supremacist group that used Intimidation to prevent African-AmericansFrom exercising their rights

CARPETBAGGER – northerner who came south after the war TO SUPPORT RADICAL REPUBLICANSSCALAWAG – Southerners who supported the Radical Republicans

They both had a reputation for being corrupt and dishonest taking advantage of the people of the South

ReconstructionSUCCESSES FAILURES

CIVIL RIGHTS AMENDMENTS

13th amendment – no slavery

14th amendment – citizenship for blacks

15th amendment – voting rights for black men

Blacks elected to political office

Public schools and property rights for women (Constitution of 1868)

Thousands of free blacks learned to read and write

Poor race relations

The KKK threatened and intimidated blacks and whites

Dishonest carpetbaggers and scalawags took advantage of the people of the South

Black Codes temporarily limited the rights of African-Americans

Many poor people had to resort to

sharecropping

• “We must win the election peaceably

if we can, violently if we must.”

Democratic campaign slogan

1876 Governor’s Election• Goal for Southern whites – DEFEAT THE RADICAL

REPUBLICANS• Wade Hampton (D) vs. Daniel Chamberlain (R) • Red Shirts – supporters of Hampton; many used

intimidation to make sure Hampton defeated the carpetbagger Chamberlain

• Much violence broke out between the two sides….Hampton won the disputed election

• Reconstruction officially ended when Pres. Hayes (R) withdrew US troops from SC in exchange for SC supporting him for President