Reconstruction

Chapter 16

VocabReconstruction

The period from 1865-1877 during which the states that were part of the Confederacy were controlled buy the federal government before being readmitted into the Union.

There were several plans for Reconstruction after the war.

VocabJim Crow Laws

Laws passed by southern states that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries.

Jim Crow laws made segregation legal in the south.

VocabSegregation

Legal separation of racesSegregation would last for 100 years in the

South.

VocabSharecropping

A system of farming in which a farmer rents a portion of land from a plantation owner and in return gives them a significant portion of their crops.

Sharecropping kept southern African Americans in a constant cycle of debt.

Question #1How did plans to unify the nation differ after

the war?

Reconstruction Plans3 Plans

Ten Percent Plan 1863Wade Davis Bill 1864Radical Republicans 1867

Ten Percent PlanCreated by Lincoln10% of the population would have to swear

loyalty to the UnionEach state would have to abolish slavery in

their new State ConstitutionsAfter this they could elect members to

Congress & take part in the National Government

Wade-Davis BillSupported by President Andrew JohnsonRequired a majority of White Southern

Men to swear loyalty to the Union in each state

Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy

Question 2What were the results of Radical

Reconstruction?

Radical ReconstructionSupported by the Radical RepublicansThrew out the Southern State

Governments that refused to ratify the 14th amendment ( all former confederate states except Tennessee)

Divided the South into 5 military districtsEach district was commanded by the

army general

Radical Reconstruction Con’tFormer Confederate states had to write

new state constitutionsEach state had to ratify the 14th

Amendment to rejoin the UnionAfrican Americans must have the right to

vote in each state to re enter the Union

Question #3In what ways did government change in the

south during Reconstruction?

Civil Rights Amendments3 Amendments added to the U.S.

Constitution13th Amendment was Ratified in 186514th Amendment was Ratified in 186815th Amendment was Ratified in 1870

13th AmendmentBanned Slavery in every U.S. State

14th AmendmentGranted citizenship to all persons born in the

United StatesThis included nearly all African AmericansGranted all citizens “equal protection of the law”

and declared that no state could “deprive any person of Life, Liberty and property without Due Process of Law”

This provision made it illegal for states to discriminate against an individual on unreasonable grounds such as the color of a person’s skin

15th AmendmentForbade any state from denying African

Americans the right to vote because of race

Forces in Southern PoliticsScalawags

White southern RepublicansThey were considered traitors because

they supported the republican partyThey wanted to forget the war and start

rebuilding the south

Forces in Southern Politics Con’tCarpet Baggers

Northerners who moved south3 types of carpet baggers

1. in search of a fortune in the rebuilding of the South

2. Union soldiers who had fallen in love with the South during the war

3. Reformers who wanted to help the Freedman

Separate but Not Equal2 ways African Americans were discriminated

against in the SouthVoting RestrictionsJim Crow

Plessy Vs. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court Case

Question #4How did the South change politically,

economically ,and socially, when reconstruction ended?

Voting RestrictionsPoll Taxes- required voters to pay a fee for

each time they votedPoor freedman could rarely afford to vote

Literacy Tests- required voters to read and explain a difficult part of the U.S. ConstitutionSince Freedman had little education, such

tests kept them away from the polls

Voting Restrictions Con’tGrandfather Clauses- If a voters father or

grandfather had been eligible to vote On January 1,1867 he, the voter, did not have to take a literacy test.Since no African Americans had the right to

vote before 1868, this was a way to ensure that only white men could vote

This helped poor white farmers who could not pay the poll tax or pass the literacy test

Jim Crow LawsSegregation- Became the law of the

SouthSeparating people of different races

Jim Crow Laws- Southern States passed laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries

Plessy Vs FergusonIn 1896, the Supreme Court upheld

Segregation.Legal for facilities to be separate as

long as they were equal for whites and blacks

Facilities were rarely equalWould not be reversed until the Linda

Brown vs. The School Board of Topeka Kansas Case.