Upload
oswin-taylor
View
217
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ReconstructionReconstruction
1865-18771865-1877
Freedman’s Bureau took 1Freedman’s Bureau took 1stst steps steps
Created by Lincoln Created by Lincoln during the warduring the war
Help newly freed Help newly freed adjust to new livesadjust to new lives
Lincoln’s Plan for ReunionLincoln’s Plan for Reunion“charity for all”“charity for all”
Pardon ConfederatesPardon Confederates State Constitutional Conventions when State Constitutional Conventions when
10% take oath10% take oath Return to Union with Constitution that Return to Union with Constitution that
endorses 13endorses 13thth amendment amendment
Pres. Johnson’s PlanPres. Johnson’s Planmoderate Republicanmoderate Republican
Pardon ConfederatesPardon Confederates New State New State
ConstitutionConstitution1. void secession1. void secession2. abolish slavery2. abolish slavery3. ratify 133. ratify 13thth Amdmt Amdmt4. stop paying 4. stop paying Confederate war Confederate war debt debt
Southern DefianceSouthern Defiance New Black Codes New Black Codes
Violence & RiotingViolence & Rioting
Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction“Radical” Plan“Radical” Plan
Protect Citizens’ RightsProtect Citizens’ Rights
1. Civil Rights Act 18661. Civil Rights Act 1866outlawed southern state black codesoutlawed southern state black codes
2. 142. 14thth Amendment Amendment * guarantees rights of citizenship * guarantees rights of citizenship * “Equal Protection of the Law”* “Equal Protection of the Law”
Control & Punish the SouthControl & Punish the South
Military Reconstruction act 1867Military Reconstruction act 1867
Controlling the PresidentControlling the President
Tenure of Office ActTenure of Office Act
ImpeachmentImpeachment
PrecedentPrecedent
Extending SuffrageExtending Suffrage
1515thth Amendment Amendment
No Citizen shall be denied the right to vote based on race color or previous
condition of servitude
Political, Economic & Political, Economic & Social Changes ResultSocial Changes Result
Republican Support in the SouthRepublican Support in the South
CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers
ScalawagsScalawags
African African American Office American Office
HoldersHolders
Republican PoliciesRepublican Policies
Civil Rights LegislationCivil Rights Legislationguaranteeing equal rights & accessguaranteeing equal rights & access
Public EducationPublic Education
Repealed Black CodesRepealed Black Codes
Economic DevelopmentEconomic DevelopmentPlantation System was destroyedPlantation System was destroyed
U.S. Bureau of U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Refugees,
Freedmen, and Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Abandoned Lands
Failed attempt for Failed attempt for land redistributionland redistribution
Focus on economic Focus on economic improvementsimprovements
RailroadsRailroads
BanksBanks
IndustryIndustry
Changes in Southern AgricultureChanges in Southern AgricultureNew forms of SlaveryNew forms of Slavery
Debt PeonageDebt Peonage
SharecroppingSharecropping
Tenant FarmingTenant Farming
Voter AngerVoter Anger
Taxes = State DebtTaxes = State Debt
Corrupt Government OfficialsCorrupt Government Officials
Demand for Cotton = Economic DepressionDemand for Cotton = Economic Depression
Whites Attack ReconstructionWhites Attack ReconstructionSouthern BacklashSouthern Backlash
Ku Klux KlanKu Klux KlanIntimidation keeps Blacks away from the pollsIntimidation keeps Blacks away from the polls
Solid SouthSolid SouthWhites always elect DemocratsWhites always elect Democrats
Reconstruction EndsReconstruction Ends
Election of 1876Election of 1876
Rep. HayesRep. HayesDem. TildenDem. Tilden
Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 Hayes Promises to Hayes Promises to Remove all Southern Remove all Southern TroopsTroops
New form of White SupremacyNew form of White Supremacy
The plight of the freedman after The plight of the freedman after ReconstructionReconstruction
White Supremacists take control of White Supremacists take control of Government – begin to limit rights Government – begin to limit rights
and freedoms of blacksand freedoms of blacks
Voting RestrictionsVoting Restrictions Poll Tax: Poll Tax: voter must own property and voter must own property and
pay a tax in order to votepay a tax in order to vote
Literacy Tests: Literacy Tests: voters have to demonstrate voters have to demonstrate ‘minimal’ standards of knowledge‘minimal’ standards of knowledge
Grandfather Clauses: Grandfather Clauses: segregated blacks segregated blacks from whites by allowing those with from whites by allowing those with ancestors who voted to be exempt from ancestors who voted to be exempt from new lawsnew laws
SegregationSegregation
Jim Crow Laws:Jim Crow Laws: required the required the separation of the separation of the races (Schools, races (Schools, parks, parks, transportation, transportation, hotels, diners, etc.)hotels, diners, etc.)
DiscriminationDiscrimination
De FactoDe Facto – – discrimination in discrimination in fact rather than by fact rather than by actual lawactual law
Common in the Common in the North despite few North despite few Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws
De JureDe Jure – – discrimination by discrimination by lawlaw
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
18961896 US Supreme Court case which US Supreme Court case which legalized separate facilities for legalized separate facilities for whites and African-Americans.whites and African-Americans.
Separate facilities had to be equal:Separate facilities had to be equal: ““Separate but Equal”Separate but Equal” Reality: Black Facilities were always Reality: Black Facilities were always
unequalunequal